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SYLLABUS OBJECTIVE 4:
RESEARCH
RESEARCH
Definition:
Research is the systematic gathering of
information in order to investigate or to draw
conclusions on an issue.
Research is a PROCESS.
THE PROCESS OF RESEARCH
STEP 1
Enquire, ask questions
STEP 2
Document findings
STEP 3
Draw Conclusions
THE PROCESS OF RESEARCH
(DETAILED)
Statement of the problem i.e. the topic (obtained
from research questions)
Formulation of Hypothesis
Data Collection
Presentation of Findings.
EXAMPLE
Issue:
Level of deviancy in form 5 students at Hillview.
Research Questions:
What factors contribute to deviancy?
What are the negative\ positive effects of this kind
of behavior?
What are the possible solutions?
THE RESEARCH QUESTIONS
The research question determines HOW you will
investigate and WHAT focus you will take.
Scope of your research is important.
3. The Language
-Is the language hyperbolic, exaggerated?
-Is language emotive (intension to persuade?) or is language neutral?
-Does the author make broad generalizations or stick to figures, data,
facts?
-Is only one side of the argument presented?
Once you have selected who and what your most
reliable sources are, then decide on how you will
obtain information from such persons.
This is called the Data collection process.
DATA COLLECTION
Data is collected through instruments.
These instruments are utilized in order to obtain
factual information.
DATA COLLECTION INSTRUMENTS:
PRIMARY SOURCES.
Interviews, questionnaires, surveys.
INTERVIEW
Structured interview: includes a formal, written,
questioned approach. It is usually tested
questions that have academic validity.
Unstructured interview informal approach where
the interviewee narrates his\ her thoughts and
perceptions. Eg. Interview with a patient
suffering with Lupus, HIV etc.
Provides a first hand account, opinion based on
experience, qualitative significance (emotional
insight.)
QUESTIONNAIRES
A questionnaire is a formal document
administered to the target group with questions
that deal with the subject under investigation.
There 3 types of approaches
2. Probability sampling
3. Systematic Sampling
INTERPRETING DATA
2. Bar charts
Line graphs
PIE CHART
Ways Social
Networking affects
students
Academic
Physical
Activity
Social
4th Qtr
BAR GRAPH
6
Series 1
3
Series 2
2 Series 3
0
Category 1 Category 2 Category 3 Category 4
DATA COLLECTION METHODS
QUESTIONNAIRES
ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES
Advantages Disadvantages
Advantages Disadvantages