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CHAPTER 4
RESULTS ANALYSIS OF SMART CAR-PARKING SECURITY SYSTEM
In this chapter, testing of all components step by step and the results of testing
components were briefly described. All the processes were test by Arduino AT mega
2560. By testing the components before building the project, the properties of each
components could be known and some difficulties could be faced. However, by
solving these difficulties, many knowledge and experiences were being gotten.
Figure 4.1 Testing of IR sensors whether the object was existed or invalid
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IR sensor was used in this project for power saving and it could detect whether
the client was existed in front of the door or invalid. By testing, the object or
something like that was exist or through the IR sensor could be known. Firstly, it
transmitted the infrared radiation and caught back the reflected radiation. If the object
was existed, IR sensor module produced the output and its red LED turned on. There
was an important fact that IR sensor must be avoided from the sun light. If the IR
sensor met the sunlight, that sensor will not be worked well.
(receive)). However, the extra module and library would be installed when I2C was
used. In SPI mode, 8 pins were needed to use for displaying LCD.
First, pin1, pin5, pin 12 were connected to GND (ground). Pin 2 was directly
connected to 5V, pin 11 is joined with 220ῼ resister and also connected to 5V. Pin 3
was used to adjust the brightness of LCD and so it was used with 10kῼ variable
resister. Pin D4, D5, D6, D7 were connected with Arduino pin (5, 4, 3, 2) which were
declared in program. In this thesis, two LCDs were used for entrance and exit gate.
If I2C mode and HSU mode were want to be used, PN532 RFID receiver type
must be used. PN532 have more wide range than MFRC522. However, wide range is
not necessary in this project. So, MFRC522 was used to be economical.
And for a little more range, the code “mfrc522.PCD_SetAntennaGain
(mfrc522.RxGain_max);” was used in Arduino IDE. In SPI mode, only 6 pins needed
to use for processing and which were VCC, GND, MOSI, MISO, CLK and SS. In this
type of RFID (MFRC522), 3.3 VDC should be used according to the data sheet.
MISO means master input slave output, MOSI means master output slave
input, CLK means clock pin for data bits and SS means chip select pin. When the
right card is scanned at the RFID receiver, the LCD showed “Access Granted” and
when the wrong card is scanned at the RFID receiver, the LCD showed “Invalid
Card”. The thing noticed was that the chip select pin only worked if the 0V applied
and moreover, two MFRC522s were used in this thesis for the two gates that mean the
entrance gate and the exit gate.
With servo motors, various kind of angles was able to be controlled and
firstly, 0 degree was adjusted to be easily modified. And then, 80 degrees was defined
as the close angle of the gate and 10 degrees was defined as the open angle of the
entrance gate. However, for the exit gate, 10 degrees was defined as the close angle of
the gate and 80 degrees was defined as the open angle. Moreover, the ultimate
security system was consisted in the exit gate and therefore there were be also degree
adjustment in servo no-3. Servo 3 were raised up from 80 degrees to 120 degrees if
the ultimate security system turned on.
the controllers, this system was able to be added or removed the extra ID cards.
Moreover, this system even could be reset if needed.
Figure 4.7 Turn off the light of LCD for energy saving
Figure 4.8 LCD of the entrance gate turned on the light when IR sensor 1 was
detected
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Figure 4.9 LCD at the entrance gate when an unauthorized card was scanned
When an unauthorized card was scanned, the LCD display showed “Access
Denied” and the entrance gate was not opened. Moreover, the alarm system turned on.
This case was shown in the above figure.
Figure 4.10 LCD at the entrance gate when an authorized card is scanned
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Figure 4.11 when the car is leave from the IR sensor 1, the LCD turned off the light
Figure 4.12 when the IR sensor 2 is sensed, the gate closed automatically
However, when an authorized card was scanned at the receiver, LCD display
showed “Access Granted” and the entrance gate was opened that means servo motor 1
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was rise up from 10 degrees to 80 degrees. The car entered to the parking and when
the car leaved from IR sensor 1, the LCD display turned off the light automatically.
This phenomenon was shown in the above figures.
According to the figure 4.6.1.7, when the car is passed through the IR sensor
2, the gate was closed again that means servo motor 1 was falling down from 80
degrees to 10 degrees.
In the alarm system, red led and buzzer module were blinked. All the above
phenomenon was shown as the following figures.
Figure 4.14 LCD turned on the light if the car was detected by IR sensor 3
Figure 4.15 The information of LCD at the exit gate when an authorized card was
scanned
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Figure 4.16 The car was leaving from the car parking when access granted
Figure 4.17 The information of LCD when an unauthorized card was scanned
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Figure 4.18 The light of LCD and the exit gate closed when the authorized card was
scanned and IR sensor 4 was sensed
Figure 4.19 Although the invalid card, break the exit gate condition
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Figure 4.20 Ultimate security system was not activated because IR sensor 4 wasn’t
sensed yet
Figure 4.22 The ultimate security system turned on when the IR sensor 4 was sensed
Figure 4.23 The car couldn’t move due to the ultimate security system
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According to the above system, the ultimate security system was involved in
this thesis. This system was activated if an unauthorized card was scanned and the
client was forced to leave from the car-parking. In this situation, that client was
marked as the thief and IR sensor 4 must be passed to leave from the parking.
Therefore, when the IR sensor 4 was sensed, the ultimate security system turned on.
When the ultimate security system turned on, the servo motor 3 was rise up from 80
degrees to 120 degrees. That made the car’s tiers to be break and that car couldn’t run
from the parking.
Figure 4.27 Warning to restart the device for running system again
Above figures showed how to reset or format the database of the entire smart
car-parking security system that mean wiping of EEPROM. The Reset button or
format key was added in this system to be more reliable.
Since this thesis was aimed for the university campus and therefore some
amount of fees must be paid to the university for using this car-parking. And every
student will get the authorized card for one semester (about four months). After one
semester, each authorized card will be invalid card by formatting this system.
Therefore, each student will pay the fees to register the card again. That mean this
entire system must be reset or format after the defined time.
The above figure 4.24 to 4.27 will happened if the smart car-parking security
system is formatted or reset. Actually, that was wiping of EEPROM or cleaning of
EEPROM because 0 was replaced with all the memory in EEPROM. After reset the
system, the Arduino board must be restarted to run that system again.
To be special for this thesis, master card program is written. With this card,
the RFID cards can be marked or removed on EEPROM. After resetting this system,
there is no master card on EEPROM. Therefore, a master card must be marked on
EEPROM to be continue next steps. The following figures will show about how to
define a master card.
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Figure 4.31 Master card was already written on EEPROM at the entrance gate
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Figure 4.33 Master card was already written on EEPROM at the exit gate
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With that master card, the authorized card was able to be added or removed.
Before add or remove ID cards from EEPROM, Program mode must be change by
master card. That mean master card could be able to switched from the normal mode
to the program mode or from the program mode to the normal mode.
In the program mode, adding or removing functions were worked. However,
in the normal mode, only checking function was able to be work that mean the system
only checked whether the scanned card was authorized card or unauthorized card.
Moreover, in the program mode, green led, red led and blue led were blinked
as alternatively. Adding ID cards to the EEPROM or removing ID cards from the
EEPROM could be shown in the following figures.
Figure 4.37 ID card was removing from EEPROM at the entrance gate
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Figure 4.39 Switching program mode with master card at the exit gate
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Figure 4.40 Switching normal mode with master card at the entrance gate
4.7. Summary
In this chapter, results analysis of smart car-parking security system was
briefly described. The way how to eliminate the errors and the way how to improve
the system in the future can be known by testing the project. And discussions and
conclusions of the smart car-parking security system will be known in the coming
chapter. Moreover, the future scope of this project will also be discussed in the next
chapter.