GSM is abbreviation of Global System for Mobile communication.

Btw, I once hear that the

GSM actually is abbreviation of Groupe Spécial Mobile, it is just for your information. At
forward, I will mention GSM as Global System for Mobile communication. It is because this
abbreviation more accurately to describe the GSM it self.

GSM was the most popular mobile phone standard in world. Yah, it was because at my opinion,
the most popular mobile phone standard right now is 3G standard which use CDMA, not GSM.
My opinion about popularity of GSM may wrong. The GSM may still the most popular mobile
phone standard at world. Who knows?

GSM considered as second generation (2G) of mobile phone system. It is far more advance from
first generation (1G) which is analog system. GSM differs from its predecessors in that both
signaling and speech channel are digital. It is also that data communication was easy to build into
the system. And, GSM standard also already used wide at the world.

It gives benefit to both consumers and networks operators. Consumers can enjoy the ability to
roam and switch carriers without switching phones. Network operators can choose equipment
from any of the many vendors implementing GSM. GSM also pioneer for low cost alternative to
voice calls, the SMS (short message service). Another is world wide emergency number 112. It
makes easier for many people because no need to know local number for emergency call.

Network structure of GSM consists of:

1. Base Station Subsystem (BSS), the base stations and their controllers. I already write
about BTS which is part of BSS.
2. Network and Switching Subsystem (NSS), the part of the network most similar to a
fixed network). This is sometimes also just called the core network.
3. GPRS Core Network , the optional part which allows packet based Internet connections.
4. All of the elements in the system combine to produce many GSM services such as voice
calls and SMS
It is all about GSM introduction. I will write more detail according the technical of GSM at
another article. I hope this simply introduce enough for you to have little description of GSM.

CDMA as Mobile Telecommunication Technology

CDMA is abbreviations for Code Division Multiple Access. This should tell us that the CDMA
is an access method technology. Yes, CDMA is one of the methods to access the radio resource
at mobile telecommunication. It can call as channel access method. In telecommunication,
channel access method allows several users simultaneously share the capacity of same
transmission medium. Therefore, it also call as Multiple Access Method.

CDMA was launched commercially first time at year of 1989 by Qualcomm in USA. CDMA is
far better than its predecessor which is Advance Mobile Phone System (AMPS). AMPS is 1G
mobile technology, and CDMA is 2G mobile technology. CDMA, as successor, increase both
quality and capacity if compare with AMPS. It is because of Access method that used by CDMA
technology. This method uses in access network (between terminal and network air interface).

CDMA access method allow the user to access same frequency in same time. It is because each
user have unique code which called as PN (pseudo-noise) Code. This PN act as differentiate flag
between users. User's signal spread by use PN code in certain bandwidth before transmit it.
Therefore, the CDMA is also known as Spread Spectrum Access Method. In reception, signal
despread by use as same PN Code as sender PN Code to get the original information.

Controlling signal strength is the main issue with CDMA transmitter because all other PN code
that not belong to user appear as noise in signal. This noise is known as Multiple Access
Interference (MAI). The desire signal is impossible to retrieve if unwanted signal much stronger.
That's why the power of each terminal must maintain carefully by CDMA Base Transceiver
Station (BTS) as radio interface. BTS uses fast closed-loop power control scheme to control
signal strength each terminal transmit power.