Chapter 7

Reaction Rate
Brock Casselman
Rate vs Equilibrium
Consider the rusting of iron, as described by the following reaction:
4Fe(s) +3O2(g)  2Fe2O3(s)
Which of the following is true of this process? Enter all correct numbers.
1) The reaction strongly favors reactants
2) The reaction strongly favors products
3) The reaction proceeds very quickly
4) The reaction proceeds very slowly
 Rate vs Equilibrium
Consider the dissociation of acetic acid, as described by the following reaction:
HC2H3O2(aq) H+(aq) + C2H3O2-(aq)
Which of the following is true of this process? Enter all correct numbers.
1) The reaction strongly favors reactants
2) The reaction strongly favors products
3) The reaction proceeds very quickly
4) The reaction proceeds very slowly
Reaction Rate Details
Reaction Rate: a measure of the change in the amount of substances in
a chemical reaction per some unit of time.
Consider the following reactions. How would you express rate for each?
1) N2(g) + 3H2(g) 2NH3(g)
1) A reaction that is monitored over the course of a few hours.
2) 14C  14N
1) A process that occurs over hundreds of years
3) 2H2O2(aq)  2H2O(l) + O2(g)
1) A reaction that, when catalyzed, reaches completion within a few seconds
 Quantifying Rate: Interpreting Graphical Data
For the graph below, calculate the average rate of change in the
concentration of the toxin from 0 to 20 minutes:
 Quantifying Rate: Interpreting Graphical Data
For the graph below, approximate the instantaneous change in the
concentration of the toxin at 50 minutes:
Quantifying Rate: Comparison of Substances
Consider the reaction below:
2NH3(g) + 3N2O(g)  4N2(g) + 3H2O(g)
The initial rate of disappearance of NH3 in 300. torr∙s-1.
Clicker 1: What is the initial rate of appearance of H2O, in torr∙s-1?
Clicker 2: What is the initial rate of the overall reaction, in torr∙s-1?
Quantifying Rate: Comparison of Substances
Consider the following reaction:
2NO2(g)  2NO(g) + O2(g)
The graph to the right describes the
concentration of each substance over time. 1
The numbers in the curve correspond to
which substance? Fill in the blanks below.
2
___ NO2
___ NO 3
___ O2
Quantifying Rate: Comparison of Substances
Consider the reaction below:
N2(g) + 3H2(g)  2NH3(g)
In a particular 3.00-L reaction vessel, 65.52 grams of H2(g) are
consumed every minute. What is the reaction rate in molarity per
second, M/s or M∙s-1
Rate Law Details
Rate Law: a relationship of the effect of substance concentrations on
the overall reaction rate.
General Form: Rate = k[A]a[B]b
***Must be determined experimentally!!!!!!
Rate: the overall reaction rate
The Rate Constant: k: quantifies the relative reaction rate independent
of concentration. Higher: faster reaction
[A] or [B]: the individual concentrations of the substances
a and b: the individual substance ‘orders:’ the mathematical degree to
which each substance impacts the overall rate
Overall Reaction Order: a + b: impacted by the reaction mechanism:
determines how the concentrations of substances change over time
Rate Law Details
Consider the following reaction:
H2(g) + Br2(g)  2HBr(g)
Rate Law: Rate = k[H2][Br2]1/2
How do the coefficients of the reaction relate to the orders of the rate
law?
1) They become the exponents
2) They become the coefficients
3) There is no relationship
Rate Law Details
Consider the following reaction:
H2(g) + Br2(g)  2HBr(g)
Rate Law: Rate = k[H2][Br2]1/2
Clicker 1: What is the overall order of the reaction?
Clicker 2: At particular conditions, this reaction rate is 1 M/s. Consider a
situation both the concentration of H2 and the Br2 concentration are
multiplied by 4. What will the new reaction rate be?
 Method of Initial Rates
Consider the following theoretical reaction: A(aq) + B(aq)  C(aq)
Initial rate data was collected at various concentrations of A and B and is
summarized in the table below:
Trial [A](M) [B](M) Initial Rate(M/s)

One 0.010 0.020 0.0040

Two 0.020 0.020 0.0080

Three 0.040 0.040 0.0640

Four 0.010 0.040 0.0160

Clicker 1: What is the overall reaction order?

 Method of Initial Rates
Consider the following theoretical reaction: A(aq) + B(aq)  C(aq)
Initial rate data was collected at various concentrations of A and B and is
summarized in the table below:
Trial [A](M) [B](M) Initial Rate(M/s)

One 0.010 0.020 0.0040

Two 0.020 0.020 0.0080

Three 0.040 0.040 0.0640

Four 0.010 0.040 0.0160

Clicker 2: What is the value of k?

 Method of Initial Rates
Consider the following theoretical reaction: A(aq) + B(aq)  C(aq)
Initial rate data was collected at various concentrations of A and B and is
summarized in the table below:
Trial [A](M) [B](M) Initial Rate(M/s)

One 0.010 0.020 0.0040

Two 0.020 0.020 0.0080

Three 0.040 0.040 0.0640

Four 0.010 0.040 0.0160

Clicker 3: What are the units of k?

1. M/s 2. 1/s 3. 1/(M*s) 4. 1/(M2*s)
 Method of Initial Rates
Consider the following theoretical reaction: A(aq) + B(aq)  C(aq)
Initial rate data was collected at various concentrations of A and B and is
summarized in the table below:
Trial [A](M) [B](M) Initial Rate(M/s)

One 0.010 0.020 0.0040

Two 0.020 0.020 0.0080

Three 0.040 0.040 0.0640

Four 0.010 0.040 0.0160

Clicker 4: What is the rate when [A] = [B] = 0.05 M?

 Method of Initial Rates
Consider the following theoretical reaction: A(aq) + B(aq)  C(aq)
Initial rate data was collected at various concentrations of A and B and is
summarized in the table below:

Experiment [A](M) [B](M) Initial Rate (M∙s-1)

One 0.050 M 0.050 M 0.020 mM/s

Two 0.050 mM 0.150 M 0.060 M/s

Three 0.150 mM 0.050 M 0.180 M/s

What is the overall reaction order?

Method of Initial Rates
Phosgene gas is produced by the following reaction: CO(g) + Cl2(g) ➪ COCl2(g)
The rate law for this reaction is found to be as follows: Rate = k[CO]3/2[Cl2]
Which mixture will cause the reaction to proceed the most rapidly?

A B

C D