Sample Assignment For Reference Only

Question 1:

Soil Number Mass characteristics Material characteristics Complete name

1 Void ratio from 0.26 dry, nutrient Sandy Soil
to 0.46 deficient and fast-
Specific surface area draining
of soil particles= 11.1
cm2 g-1
Mass = .0113 gm.
2 Void ratio from 0.18 Have a greater Silty Soil
to 0.28. tendency to form a
Specific surface area crust, which is often
of soil particles= very hard. If they are
11.1*10^4 cm2 g-1 over-tilled, they can
Mass = 1.13*10^-11 become compact and
gm. this decreases their
ability to infiltrate
water in wet periods.
3 Void ratio from 0.17 The crust is often so Clayey Soil
to 0.59. hard that it has to be
Specific surface area broken up. With low
of soil particles= contents of clay and
7.4*10^6 cm2 g-1 organic material,
Mass = 8.48*10^-15 aggregate formation
gm. is often poor.
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Question 2:
Size mm Material retained Percentage Cum. retained Percentage
g retained % % passing %
37.5 0 0 0 100
28 37 5.27 5.270655 94.72934
20 24 3.42 8.689459 91.31054
14 73 10.40 19.08832 80.91168
10 9 1.28 20.37037 79.62963
6.3 108 15.38 35.75499 64.24501
5 41 5.84 41.59544 58.40456
3.35 80 11.39 52.99145 47.00855
2 60 8.547 61.53846 38.46154
1.18 97 13.82 75.35613 24.64387
0.6 66 9.4 84.75783 15.24217
0.425 29 4.13 88.88889 11.11111
0.30 23 3.27 92.16524 7.834758
0.212 21 3 95.1567 4.843305
0.15 17 2.42 97.57835 2.421652
0.063 17 2.42 100 0
Total 702 100

Percentage retained% is the percentage of each mass, Cum retained is the cumulative retained mass.
The last column = 100 – cum retained %

Percentage of retained =

Cum. Retained in row 2 = 0+ value of row 1

Cum. Retained in row 3 = value of row 1 + value of row 2 and so on …

Percentage passing = 100 - Cum. Retained

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Sieve size (mm) at the Horizontal Axis and Passing % at the Vertical Axe.

Question 3:

From Question2 curve:

D10 = 0.40mm
D30 = 1.65mm
D60 = 5.6mm

.
Cu = = = 14 > 5, Then well graded soil
.
∗ . ∗ .
Cg = = = 1.21 between 0.5 and 2.0 indicates a well-graded soil
∗ . ∗ .

Then the soil is Uniformly graded (Well Graded Soil).

Question 4:

Relation between Cone penetration mm at Horizontal Axis VS water content% at the vertical Axis

Liquid limit at 20mm penetration = 68.8%

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If the Plastic Limit of the soil is 28%

Then the soil classification is MH (High Silt Soil).

Question 5:

Sr = = 0.82

V water = 0.82 V void

Void ratio = = 0.738

V void = 0.738 V solid

V water = 0.82*0.738 = 0.605 V solid
V solid = 1.355 V void
Soild density = Gs*1000 = 2700 Kg/m3
Bulk Density = 1.355*2700=3658.5 Kg/m3
Water content = 0.82-0.605/1.355 = 0.1586 = 15.86%

Question 6:
Solid density = 2.65*1000 = 2650 Kg/m3

LL = w(
.
1.5*2.85 = w*1
Water content w = 0.14

Mc = = 16.27

= 0.1627
.
M= 0.86
.
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Question 7:
Situation A:

Depth (m) Total pressure Pore water pressure Effective pressure

(KN/m2) (KN/m2) (KN/m2)
0 0 0 0
3 17*3 = 51 0 51
5 51+21*2 = 93 2*9.81 = 19.62 73.38
14 93+19*9=264 19.62+9*9.81=107.91 156.09
19 264+5*21=369 107.91+5*9.81=156.96 212.04
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Situation B:

Depth (m) Total pressure Pore water pressure Effective pressure

(KN/m2) (KN/m2) (KN/m2)
0 0 0 0
3 21*3 =63 3*9.81=29.43 33.57
5 21*5 = 105 29.43+2*9.81 = 49.05 55.95
14 105+19*9=276 49.05+9*9.81=137.34 138.66
19 276+5*21=381 137.34+5*9.81=186.39 194.61

Question 8:
The coefficient of lateral earth pressure, K, is defined as the ratio of the horizontal effective
stress, σ’h, to the vertical effective stress, σ’v. The effective stress is the inter granular stress
calculated by subtracting the pore pressure from the total stress as described in soil mechanics.
K for a particular soil deposit is a function of the soil properties and the stress history.
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It is constant for normally consolidated soils because the slope of this relation is less comparing
to the slope of the over consolidated soils so it becomes non constant in the second soil.

Question 9:
For the first Building:

M= = 1

N= = 2

I2 = 0.2
Δ = I2*stress = 0.2*300*2 = 120 KN/m2
For the second Building:

M= = 2

N= = 4
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I2 = 0.199
Δ = I2*stress = 0.199*300 = 59.7 KN/m2
Change in vertical stress = 120-59.7 = 60.3 KN/m2

Question 10:

. ∗
=

Permeability coefficient K = 0.0004386 cm/sec

∗
K=
∗ ∗
∗ ∗ ∗ ∗ ∗ ∗
Standard Sample volume = = = 353.43 cm3
.
T= = 17671 sec
.

∗
0.0004386=
∗ ∗

V = 353.42 cm/sec = 3.5342 m/sec

Question 11:
When a well is penetrated into an aquifer, the water table initially remains horizontal. When
water is pumped from the well a curved depression in the water, called the cone depression,
occurs. The water levels in the two observation wells at distances r1 and r2 are measured. The
relationship between the discharge and the coefficient of permeability can be obtained.

Q = K*i*A

= K* ∗2 ∗ ∗
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∗ ∗
=

.
K=
∗

∗ ∗
Ln

∗ . ∗ .
K= = 0.0001033 /
∗

Field Permeability values may be higher than laboratory if water level is higher and may be
lower if water level is lower and due to personal mistakes this may be happened.

Question 12:

a) A flow net is a graphical solution to the equations of steady groundwater flow. A flow net
consists of two sets of lines which must always be orthogonal (perpendicular to each other):
flow lines , which show the direction of groundwater flow, and equipotential (lines of constant
head), which show the distribution of potential energy. Flow nets are usually constructed
through trial-and-error sketching.

b) Total head upstream = 12m and downstream = 1m

c) q =K*H* = .000005*12* = 0.000017647 m3/sec/m

d) pore water pressure at E = 12*9.81 = 117.72 KN/m2

e) The purpose of the cut-off wall is to reduce the velocity of water flow.

Question 13:

Un drained Shear strength = = 60 KPA , the test of investigation is Tri axial test.
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Question 14:
(δ1+ δ3)/2 = 200 Kpa
(δ1’+ δ3’)/2 = 250 Kpa
(δ1-δ3)/2 = 100 Kpa
(δ1’- δ3’)/2 = 150 Kpa

Slope =

angle of internal friction φ’cv.=45

it is the slope of the line between (δ1’+ δ3’)/2 and (δ1-δ3)/2

Question 15:

φ’peak = 48 degree and φ’cv = 36 degree.

The increasing of slope depends on increasing of shear strength.

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Question 16:
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Question 17:
a)

φ’peak = 23 degree and c = 125 Kpa

b)

φ’peak = 18 degree and c = 150 Kpa

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c) Pore water pressure at the first case = 125 Kpa and in the second case = 150 Kpa
we notice that in the second case is higher because the slope of stress values is higher.

d) The parameters will be pore water pressure, vertical stress and shear stress.