Palestine Polytechnic University

Joint Master In Electrical Engineering JMEE

6878- Power Quality and Standards for Microgrids

Assignment 1

Prepared By:
Sari Ibrahim
Wala’ Saleh

Instructor:
Dr. Fouad Zaro

Date:
03/03/2018

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 Palestine Polytechnic University
Joint Master In Electrical Engineering JMEE
Objective:
The aim of this assignmet is to make a comparison between the methods used for
RMS calculation according to the percentage error for estimated duration.

Input parameters:
Nominal Voltage (V) 220
System Frequance (Hz) 50
Total Cycles Number 17
Event Duration (ms) 100

Methodology:
Since all power quality problems are classified regarding their time range as in the
table below:
Voltgae Event Magnitude Duration
Sag 90 % -10 % ≤ 1 min
Swell > 110 % ≤ 1 min
Interruption < 10 % ≤ 1.0 min

MATLAB codes are develpoed to generate the events based on the following
assumbtions:
1. Sag Voltage is 30% from the maximum volatge.
2. Swell Voltage is 130% from the maximum volatge.
3. Intruption Voltage is 7% from the maximum volatge.
4. All events occurres at the fifth cycle.
Since the given event duration is 100 ms (0.1 s) and the cycle duration 0.02 s, each
event continues for 5 cycles. So, all events ends at the 9th cycle.
Using MATLAB, the RMS value is calculated using following methods:
1. The rms voltage measured over one cycle and refreshed each half-cycle.
2. The rms voltage measured over one cycle and refreshed each cycle.
3. Quadrature method over one cycle and refreshed each cycle.
After that, all events are drawn at the same figure after extending the number of
cycles to 35 cycles, where the duration for each event remain as before (0.1 sec).
RMS value for each event is calculated using the three methods mentiond previously.

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 Palestine Polytechnic University
Joint Master In Electrical Engineering JMEE

All results are shown by plots containing the sine waves as well as the rms on the
same plot. The code can calculate the duration for each event, and verify the event
classification.

Results:
While using the rms voltage measured over one cycle method where window
refreshed each half-cycle, the the sine waves containg events was appeared as figure
below where the rms shown on the same plot:

The calculated duration for each event using this method were as in table below:
Event Calculated Duration Error Persentage
Voltage Sag 103.1 3.1%
Voltage Swell 102.5 2.5%
Interruption 91.7 8.3%

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 Palestine Polytechnic University
Joint Master In Electrical Engineering JMEE
While using the rms voltage measured over one cycle method where window
refreshed each one cycle, the the sine waves containg events was appeared as figure
below where the rms shown on the same plot:

The calculated duration for each event using this method were as in table below:
Event Calculated Duration Error Persentage
Voltage Sag 110.7 10.7%
Voltage Swell 109.3 9.3%
Interruption 82.3 17.7%

While using the Quadrature method over one cycle method where window refreshed
each one cycle, the the sine waves containg events was appeared as figure below
where the rms shown on the same plot. The calculated duration for each event using
this method were as in table below:
Event Calculated Duration Error Persentage
Voltage Sag 100 0%
Voltage Swell 100 0%
Interruption 100 0%

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 Palestine Polytechnic University
Joint Master In Electrical Engineering JMEE

In the figure below, all events were drawn at the same figure as well as the rms. The
total number of cycles to 35 cycles. The calculated duration for each event using this
the three method were as in the next table.

Comparison between methods used for RMS calculation

500

Voltage Swell
400

300

200

Voltage Sag
100 Interruption
Voltage (V)

-100

-200

-300

-400

-500
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7
Time in sec

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 Palestine Polytechnic University
Joint Master In Electrical Engineering JMEE
Method used Event Calculated Duration Error Persentage
Voltage Sag 110 10%
Over One Cycle and
Refreshed each Half- Voltage Swell 110 10%
Cycle
Interruption 90 10%
Voltage Sag 100 0%
Over One Cycle and
Refreshed each One Voltage Swell 100 0%
Cycle
Interruption 100 0%
Quadrature Method Voltage Sag 100 0%
Over One Cycle and
Voltage Swell 100 0%
Refreshed each One
Cycle Interruption 100 0%

Conclusion:
In this assignment, the cacluation the RMS voltage using three different methods was
done using MATLAB simulink codes. All of methodes calculate the RMS over one
cycle, but they differ in sliding window method; every half cycle, every one cycle,
and the Quadrature method.
After checking the results of caculation, the Quadrature method was the most accurate
method for all cases discussed previously. While the first methode came in the second
place after Quadrature method in case of one event occurs, it was turn to last place in
case of multi- events. On the other side, the second methode had the same accuracy of
the Quadrature method in case of multi-events, although it was came in the last place
when one event occurs. This mean that the event location affects the event calculated
duration value.

Attachments:
 Events RMS calculation with voltage measured over one cycle and refreshed each
half-cycle MATLAB code and caculated results.
 Events RMS calculation with voltage measured over one cycle and refreshed each
one cycle MATLAB code and caculated results.
 Events RMS calculation using Quadrature method over one cycle and refreshed
each cycle MATLAB code and caculated results.
 Events RMS calculation using all methods MATLAB code and caculated results.

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