Seminario de Fı́sica Teórica 18-P: Tarea Semana 8

Lı́mite para entrega: 30/jun/2018 23:55

Mecánica clásica, Parte I
Nombre y apellidos

1 Formalismo de Hamilton

Tuckerman, (2010), Capı́tulo 1. Problemas 1, 2, y 12.

1. Solve the equations of motion given arbitrary initial conditions for a one- dimensional
particle moving in a linear potential U (x) = Cx, where C is a constant, and sketch a
representative phase space plot

Your solution
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2. A particle of mass m moves in a potential of the form U (x) = − 8a
ω
2 (x − a ) .
2 2 2

a. Show that the function x(t) = atanh[(t − t0 )ω/2] is a solution to Hamiltons equations for
this system, where t0 is an arbitrary constant.

b. Let the origin of time be t = ∞ rather than t = 0. To what initial conditions does this
solution correspond?

c. Determine the behavior of this solution as t∞.

d. Sketch the phase space plot for this particular solution.

Your solution

12. A particle of mass m moves in a double-well potential of the form U (x) = U0

a4
(x2 − a2 )2 .

Sketch the contours of the constant-energy surface H(x, p) = E in phase space for the
following cases:

a. E < U0 .

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b. E < U0 + ϵ, where ϵ ≪ U0 .

c. E > U0 .

Your solution

2 Cinemática y dinámica del cuerpo rı́gido

Tuckerman. (2010), Capı́tulo 1. Problemas 6 y 14.

6. A water molecule H2 O is subject to an external potential. Let the positions of the three
atoms be denoted rO , rH1 , rH2 , so that the forces on the three atoms can be denoted FO ,
FH1 , and FH2 . Consider treating the molecule as completely rigid, with internal bond lengths
dOH and dHH , so that the constraints are:

|r0 − rH1 |2 − d2OH = 0

|r0 − rH2 |2 − d2OH = 0
|rH1 − rH1 |2 − d2HH = 0

a. Derive the constrained equations of motion for the three atoms in the molecule in terms
of undetermined Lagrange multipliers.

b. Show that the forces of constraint do not contribute to the work done on the molecule in
moving it from one spatial location to another.

c. Determine Eulers equations of motion about an axis perpendicular to the plane of the
molecule in a body-fixed frame whose origin is located on the oxygen atom.

d. Determine the equations of motion for the quaternions that describe this system.

Your solution

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14. Prove that the energy in eqn. (1.11.46) is conserved making use of eqn. (1.11.47) for the
torques.

Your solution

3 Colisiones

Thornton & Marion, 5a ed. (2003), Capı́tulo 9. Problemas 28, 30, 32, 34 y 36.

28. A particle of mass m1 elastically collides with a particle of mass m2 at rest. What is the
maximum fraction of kinetic energy loss for m1 ? Describe the reaction. Your solution

30. A tennis player strikes an incoming tennis ball of mass 60 g as shown in Figure 9-G.
The incoming tennis ball velocity is vi = 8m/s, and the outgoing velocity is vf = 16 m/s. a.
What impulse was given to the tennis ball? b. If the collision time was 0.01 s, what was the
average force exerted by the tennis racket?

Your solution

32. A particle of mass m and velocity u1 makes a head-on collision with another particle
of mass 2m at rest. If the coefficient of restitution is such to make the loss of total kinetic
energy maximum, what are the velocities v1 and v2 after the collision?

Your solution

34. A billiard ball of initial velocity u1 collides with another billiard ball (same mass) initially
at rest. The first ball moves off at ψ = 45◦ For an elastic collision, what are the velocities of
both balls after the collision? At what LAB angle does the second ball emerge?

Your solution

36. In an elastic collision of two particles with masses m1 and m2 , the initial velocities are u1
and u2 = αu1 . If the initial kinetic energies of the two particles are equal, find the conditions
u1 /u2 and m1 /m2 such that m1 is at rest after the collision. Examine both cases for the sign
of α.

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Your solution

4 Movimiento en sistemas no inerciales

Morin (2008), Capı́tulo 9. Problemas 1, 2, 3 y 5.

1. You are floating high up in a balloon, at rest with respect to the earth. Give three
quasi-reasonable definitions for which point on the ground is right below you.

2. If a longjumper can jump 8 meters at the north pole, how far can he jump at the equator?
Assume that geff is 0.5% less at the equator than at the north pole (although this is only
approximate). Ignore effects of wind resistance, temperature, and runways made of ice.

3. For what angle θ (down from the north pole) is the angle between geff and g maximum?

5. A mass is at rest with respect to the lab frame, while a frictionless turntable rotates
beneath it. The frequency of the turntable is ω, and the mass is located at radius r. In the
frame of the turntable, find the forces acting on the mass, and verify that F = mat.