BR-45 (1)/64 ADMIRALTY MANUAL OF NAVIGATION VOL. 1Cone (Chapter Cte ¥ coupe VE cope X Caper Xt ChaperX1 chapter XIV, Contents Pasion an Distan ot Earths Safe Admiay Char and Publis “The Ships Psion and Track Fang by Observation o Teresi ics "The Gyo-Campase “dean Til Same Navigation ae Rule of he Rod “ uCHAPTER I Position and Direction on the Earth's Surface aoa the at fing te poston of sip at en, and condating her Sree ete pace Tt put of tags which cancer withthe a rm rs SnTatnceone of eens bods i fly ek ah im Yume “The min purpose of Youre i 0 Orbe poe, which nthe a of conde RP the nebo of anges, gt as rks and shal, Se ale Plage cls ors tpi of chat, Sain Ditections a ar undiso of acl nao agaton wit = bY, Base reek te ao aide Bo fs inorder to apprecte tein ad TENE in umledgat the Earthsnd the ite of meant conceal ‘1, The Earth: Ober sore Fie th, Obtarveetiyabore ‘he Eas ‘he Nach Pie ‘THe EARTH Anlough the arth it ota pet apr, it maybe considered 0 for de ‘pipes of nuigtion se the err mich veut fom shi mpi ae tk nie The depres fom the spel uape ae expe in tue “Tom Pours of se Bat Ta Fig. ta, Pad Pare the eee ofthe Eat ais of tation, and sre ead the “oleEarn 190 West ‘Te drton owas which the Earth roti lle eas the opposite om ano Sour ‘The topes ave dtingished arity. The anh, when vowed frm aoe the Noth Pole (P), rts in an anicloknoe Section Ci 10 ‘Aertel the North Ple may be gare that le woh ies tee fan observer os fing eat The pote pol ele he South Pol (), 1 omicath dzetion cel a gt ange othe es-mest ston 1 gus PP it proted would very ney the ae diectontsa own he Fle Sao Plat ‘he Gsear Cn A sphee i formed by rating ce about dameter. Any section of « anise by plane mut therioe be scl IF he plane ye tha tbe ‘ae ofthe sphere he teting mtn he Ine tte tine fn oon 4 reat cle importa bonne ges the moe {he shots tek betwen nyo lacs whth hoon soe te gta ele {ech the oaret approach ta ener Ene which can be re ae sae sapere esa the ph en iy noo wee norte Fars sac 1 the plage doc not pas though the centre f the apr, te section i Jon thal dese (Fe 9. ‘Tar Equeron “The pret cece mina betwee the poles known the ‘oun’ Every int on the equate there 96" from the pe (Pe Meas “These are sarge ics joining the pet, and are perpen the quator tn Fig PAP? i one mint Pa'P i anther a theca ie slike Ear Latiade and Longtade ‘To find the positon of any pin it a plane, sii ohn it shortest For hs ream, omg Sayeed sng he shaver are 40, and ee AWE ning on whether the ple ca ~, Poston “he poton of plc canter drt nts of ade rah of Se Thomas’ Church toner, Prema for example, i inte 59 deareee ‘fine ay scone on of the sn, tnd in hoi t Cope, nit to seen eu Cree "The postion corded ts ruts Drarmmsct oF Laces The “ince of Meta’ emnen tno places Band Tin Fig. 4 io the erence between the Its of F and That the length FMF along the ‘erin tough Pct ff bythe paral of bide through aT. eho te pie ar onthe sae side of the eqstr sd hve the ame ame ‘nah enn Fig athe difecne foe by subtracting te se oT the sale one, iene bode of F 1E Tes on the ne ofthe equator oppose to F, and the sw places have testa a(n Fg) he ic of ae he “Ti expeion ‘frre ofa’ i hed wheter he iad have the same names or nt ays reed os the dela, hwvton which Fo. Poa “Th rule for fning he at may be summa th Same names tract, inden tind tere owing north or oath, Ta Fig be ald [emoving south andthe dlt would be me S I Fig she woul be ‘ong nh, ste ic wold be mated Tar cmp» ship staming fram Portemowth (3°48) w Git (96 2X} enter ade by 1°48, boo she here satin, Sn Thee From Fatsnouth gs sar jean A ship staing fam Suva FG G8" 28) 4 Hopaab (2° 18°N) would ange belie By 39°27 Tecsu she bevel steno ooh Tae From See wey, ‘To Hoonae IN Seat (opie net ad) 9° 27S “The ‘ference of longitude’ between 149 places F and T (Fig. ie the sieeoce between the ong of P and P= that ithe length BD et off Slog the equator by the meridians through and or te ang a he pe jge% Pormeecor Larne ‘tween te meridians ofthe two perscones writen ‘ng 1 apa tat sae ra bls for Sing {fe mga for ing he Sa namely Same name rat, ppt name od For example, ship sing Som Sandy Hook, New York (722), 02 the Bibep Hock Light athe Sein (627) woud change het forse by (sys Beeae hehesl ie moving et. Ts From Sindy Hook 42 ‘To Bip Rock OW, ing (ome nai tact) GF 33 A sip gaming fm Mak (43) 6 Gar (52°) shan br lomptde by to's sna she bel moving ee. Th se hg tenner) ig 988 Shou ism excel" alana a nesemay the lowing comple il ee Suppose ht a nino wih o ke i ip om Spey 5 #5 E) ppm : toa (gy S240) Cy By ls he Sng 30" oy he trou go ba othe Greenich meridia and hen rat, reeding west Ihe tine tin pace te woul ovuay go the shore way, which ext, ‘The number ssn ows tle mats be sae or 360° itn 8 an fe mabe reed Ts ‘oe From Syy ast ax, ‘Tolonohie ew, ong opie names ade) 9° 06 ye ong wat When postnne are dened by thir ttade and longi, seein, the estion af one lace else ro anther sta be ety iene «at at Sore UNITS OF MEASUREMENT Angular Distances between Two Paces Since iis agreed to coder the Eartha ahr, he dtc bomen places ‘the Ents rsace convenient apred anplar mesure "The length ofthe grest-ciel are Pin Fig. fren (= angle CT), Ring the ais ofthe sere and he sage FET being ewe ‘dans Because Rectan the length FT ie ppoti ote sf sos RO fo enh cay lr tr a He “he tt conten uit for memuring Shee op te Eats ure i therfore ted onan agli the tt ef tance selected 9 eg often ave whch subtende a gle of one mite atthe sete af Linear Measurement of Longitude Tan be sen fom Fig, hatte dite othe Ears are beeen any {wo meridian ret tthe equtr snd dinsnshes univ ul ose the pol here al he meriane met, Te hi i's det Ttngtade onthe src of the Enh there tre sn ccna with Inte ad canoe beaten aba Standard measre of nth Fane thesimace onthe Eat’ ute representing 30 dese of lie aide SEPNT yeah eat len, when atte sno 7 So sail es ath er de ew pet deel de ai ‘Eoin beeen 3 pear bo depen south apron the ae 36 tha besnean dogo an o dees orth ony he comenin of alt ina nen pp Ide hen he sad oni of eruement sf scab el he aust ose ule Asa represent nut of ong oly the Gunter. The naa os mle st the leah of amie of 3te ‘ttmured slong aridon but he eth ie om tat gS fs the ‘hun o bots 608 ett the ple sig tthe ireglar spo the cy, nit thor swab for praca! ont which rm be costae Ie Sppeoimste mean sue ie hrf ake a Bo fetch alae st Ine andthe tr il’ in navigation refrt atie Exespt om charts where the syd A Ts now adopted, this ii bays Which aso the apmiol fers mnt of ae Ths 168 eae i ke. (The syn} pls lore the decimal pi not tic te ia gure seg 19" Sand ot 108m orer ene that 30 ere ‘nae inthe potion the dina poe) Ii or empl, the angle FCT in Fig 56°25, he let of the wat sinless PP msn ov ag5 im anal menaremen, 0098 63) 35°5 te called otf uel sta thou the war 4 Gatco fet ‘ve hoses wad Becoming Bato simpy, seaming sk “he to at tie rom tr od mts of Sd » sp pent Licht mater by enn of ale, ce ofstoured rg edn knots, (Tec etyspced song tes and he mare of kote pt oa over the Tera daring « sven ners of tine (esrered by 2 sings) ied the ‘Sips apelin nea alee per hour “Tm Srarore Miz om Lao Mu "Tin an aris ui ieroncd by Quon Habe , who dese tha it wart be 8 fron of 4 perches of 16} fet ~ making 80 fet tall, "The namical mile being 6 ft nd the sute mile 520 te, 7 ates rile ae apronetly ea fo 8 uate mle, Me crt, £3 satel ‘les areca #5 tat ule. ASCE SNE RE ed alan The ie mee aa cea ele besa ao ea ea Msconmmsrs tote = fect oughly 29 yards, 120 thos rocates (a es or se me or oughly 00 urs ‘ie oo ee = ego obs) = Sen ile thee TIES le per hor (The tae fa mur of seed ai) COURSE AND BEARING Direction efor mvt cin take hip from, say. Scapa Flow to Berge, be us fie cin te econ in teh Berge is fo Sepa Fl, tat by ‘ecing inte dito Ne ay ave t Berge. Ditecion its een bythe nto the bosaogtvardewhich A prone amiog ora Val i orng I thor ently Iie, “The stl dcone are Nort, Sout, East, and Wet essing The rigor ofa ship jn mi-oen the orzo i cil dean abut the ‘hip ascent sad there's ning 9 dating oe piston tha ire fom inater ode o proceed na pute ison ti therfore near to eer toynme dati ine fed deeton Te sgl betes thi ata ln to the descian in whch i eqied wo rowed cab the ening th pin toward weap prose “True Bearing "The mnt comesient dau ia he merida hoo the ship's passion, becasne {hee she mortvscuch ne: Resnge mented fom ta atm ae Keown a re beingIn ign Fe mean hgh Fs he etn oft fo The eet ik ig Ft Tes the deton of T. The ane PP OT css yh laren of he Ears uc raved by FP may ‘be consdeed it sn spp err ol be nrdced te prt Sle sera strat ens ig 7 oy ev iter in Figs Sand 85,3 wold oes oben" ror FU Fi. or and Ba ere doc wih off bea coe Poston of Close Objects ‘being 29 7 es Gr etn phe, andes e8 So ls from aes “Tre Couns . ‘The iretion in which ship moves in wae i the diet of he fer aan. The ange bee ths reap ean te ee ts theme er sure. ‘THE compass ‘he oagtonl compas i a iseuent tit ee the meer aun ne {hom whith caus and beings cam he eau. "Thete ae ee ed compan gyroompas, ei om td re-megese compan The GyroCompass ‘This ostramet, which i ected ia Chapter VIN, i set epi ‘sinning wha or execpt ais of which sma to pit springy tue nerth, Thus, in the ayo-campas the mvigatorhs tr nett abe slide he eso of thet north by pting slong the te mon Being ken wih s gyroncapac ae there bear, unde cleas ‘ered tin thie Eure sure Ta enue et te don, the autre sf the pro-cmpase repeater, wah slch beat te take, svete loki fom otf aon oF Grio-Coseas Fora number of reson the gyo-uepue wil tsps pin exe 1 the toe orth I yates drs o anon iets a i ‘mein and doe othe compas wil bes aa “ho os The ‘thas of ing seer ofthe yo empath reaper the gyro being ofan objet sor, ese hain a be 7g then can be seen nF. tea thatthe yo teasing gs sis Fike ayo bearing oy sn Poh the ovensto obtain the rue being «ero ero igh must be raced frm the gy Sang. ad gy eur ke tt be afd egy baring. The wine {Gan ay be uel to denne Gyro dT opus eure x Wess "The Magnetic Compass “This natramet, wich x dexcsbed in Chapter IN, may be consider a bar magnet fretynipended inthe honor pane Heng thon overated, {on and ster with one end pining approximately tte nor tw A, {irl pint foe ue woriy beac the Eas geographic te ple “The dren aimed bythe compas etl, when ast wy y the sing through line of ttl force termed the magnetic merisine. “Thus ‘Eich ctl sid oe nth taprtc mr” Owing othe rely The Gyro-Magoctic Compass ‘his nnroment, wich deed in Chapter X, wes 2 magi apt 0 Veriton ‘il se "arin at he place "Varo ist 0 be uly fhe dive ofthe agi och is to the ext ofthe ve meridian aid wey He othe me. Tr espe In dpe sd mites of 2 Tn Fig. he earaion F wad abou 20° wt Ak ™ 4 In prs, the svgator nn the vvintinnciterfom the miata hare nich bes asing orm spec "aogoni chat om eich place gol manatee are ped by whats known seen lines An inne ‘i rprduced in Chapter TX, On ednay shat the sasiation oie for {eae ya tee wth nate of any ama change wach undersng. ‘The varitio in he Salento exp, igen on Adoiaey Chart No. 394 a being 35 Win tgs ad deceng sh analy. To hereto ads 28 (ogo) km which ven 795, ‘Grduaton of Magnetic Compas Cards Magic card wd ob vied i fs gua by thecal Nan En So, Wen Ea ont fre ded ht ‘Zp pr the aon mu ng ed pitch po as inne Stes Noch, North by Ew, rth No En, Sn ae "Theve wee he ‘Ey pt ntl cand Int dy aap wa nomal ered {ook ur pot oral patra stem super th tore scant card as aed in des to ty, Noth Sai Ea and Wer A pe can So eo nl Sew cone Modi copa cts ved ram 030° ‘Scie rnc some tae no longer ay reno or ing Steer cong ler ge Magnetic Beating Dy ‘magni earing” i mean the angle bawen he dzcion ofthe place ot ‘iets suet an he mage mein at the ple felch ini. the magne bear of fom Fite sole tween the rot [FP and he magnets mein through Magna bearing were cay dstinuihed from tue beatings when the amet were Sacred wih eference tothe eal pnts Inthe few He ‘oth are nw ie i thre Ege, and 4 fapntc beings edn ‘bythe saris ME (or magoetich. In Fig. 12 the magnetic tearing of 7 from (Ghat inthe angle AFT) boat 06M, wherean the ae bering (he ale BET) a abut eT dferenceDewecn thes two angles the eatin, "Thermage hesng of pao oebnt these =o ere the dfn the ang beeen the magnese mean andthe dco! te pace ot ‘her meme cole foo 36" frm masnete nhfa magnetic compan i yt nou te pace of a et lene the compan nelle t deaf tetas, the ale wee, the mate meriin sl the recon in wih the ele aay ponte "The deco i ich the comput sly pine i know a compas ‘ort to dngih tf gor th and fae nah 1 sompus orth {esan th et ofthe mignee min the dvaann fa fo Weer west said De weal Coase Beas By ‘compas bi he ante fetsen the icin af compa north and the ction of the ple wr abject quien. Compuns eing figure, fom 9° tr 360, meu clckuie from cope north, flr Ute sl (ar cmp “Thus, Fig the comp ting of 7 from Fite ale between the ret eele AY athe diet in wlth orth ese en of th compass Eaiming. Ae shown mre ear a Fig 13h the smpashetingf om Qe aale CHT) m shut Se Chesca the mic arin ibe angle MET} saben tg Ss th oe hing he ange PPT} 9 aout ons The stsle MEC enh den about 10 ash andthe nee PP he ‘aration bt 25). Testud be brs nen that hanes ig on bad ship he obtain» conan bearing, she mut coe foe ba {sition od stain starve ste ave being Th deed Ine ht fore od at the neo tesa rym svat in reason oi nd esr tne the shi sere curee tha ron and ste wl change pon rely the comps cn and 20 teil aac o repel he nee hy dierent macs he detonate ‘ange for every arson fc Dewuon Tame ‘The actual amount of his devin fo any directo ofthe ships bead cn ‘found by ‘ving shi The devin cn be ree Yeesae), DY cing perhaent mages dso crestor the in se dnctbed ‘5 Chapter TX Its not posible hoever, crest the se devin in he ‘ay: and the amounts which remain ane shwn conse ne fa of ae fe DEVIATION TABLE rot i) | Benin ae i Be ae ae ve "he norma metho of areciog tcp iby singing th ship so succote sole of 24 and the devin tle soul mae ot for Ue ‘eral ‘The deviton or aden ofthe ship's head png Hewes any tof the Iuadings ge i the abe canbe found by snp sepa the deviation rected fr 240°C. the tbl ns ha t's beneen Ee ‘deviation for W SW) and be dein for Wes) te scl si pata 27EDevmiow Conse he above deviation ble i azage in the fom of x rp the devon being pte srt he mpasdncon othe hipaa devon eae Convey, i dein ble for evry tem eget equi i an be sma fen the denon cae . “Th deviation curve ha tight advantage eth evita in habe evition for any erode ean #f the ai ead cn be fod Dy inepecton ‘The Ships Course through il wie “lbe Sects dat a he areata ne a bet oumtangl ithe ange bear that dict and th deston of te, Img, or cng aot Te eutomary,hawevt 0 sped af the coe. {glee corte Ath bar been si thou he earn, wie ho a2 tle, may esl be ald sb ee our. Tut Cova iste angle bermean the distin of tr north and the sip’ (Gren ine, ated cocks sr to 3 (gle PPB in Fig) [Maonerc Core is the ange between the name meridian an te hip fereand-ft ine, mesured acne fon © 100" fom magnetic Path (dope MPa Fg 1s) Contras Covas is he angle betwen the detion of empae nach andthe ‘hi foreandaf ines mesmred ck fom et fom capa north (nels Chin Bs) ‘correction of Courses and Bestngs In practic, he navi i faced withthe problem of Baa, foes, the tro bearing when be at aan the compas esting a of Sing the compa ‘hue when he has woke sth trv eure He mt, therfore, spite cesar cress for arin sn deiston ‘Phe fst of thn il Fo the cat for heya a guna, The secon i ound re he eo lex crn forthe compas diction ofthe i's had ii ese 2 eatin St tind when conecting x compen tring. The compet bening oa ert tay be 20). but if the compan reon fhe sp ead 73°C en the deveion ape a 305°C mast be taken out fo 72°C “To Fino nr Tro Coon om re Cosas Cove In Fig. 16, Pte diction ofthe ships Re the compas ou the angle CF; the wos ours she ale MEE andthe toe eoure i the ing PR "in Fig a he agntc cours than he cpa cue by the amt sf the neste sevaioand het cou ils tan the magpie cose by {Ee nnne of the wey varaton Thee to nd the te cour, the Fig, 6b the magnetic cure rene than the compa courte by the amet fhe ester vito, a he ve eure gree tate aac ‘Se emety devon ad varaton unt added tthe compas our, ip ie the magic eur reser ta the Compas core by the snout ofthe eaeriy devin, nthe te sure lw than the ale ‘Sse by the amt ef the eet vaon Therefore, finde ‘hua, the canter drain mat be added tthe compas oe athe ‘Se no retin fas een pled om the ste of the angle CFB beyond ‘the fc tat mead fom cmp srt, the le fo canvertng ak ‘nua into re one theo sage al. Consider eat davinion snd varaion at ius and etry dition and ‘ariton ea 0d a them tor sua the rom the compe ete teoreding For pp hi action, compar our alae meat fam ang betwee and" om compa math sxampLes 1 Aisin 220°: by maga compas, Hor ition table hoes ‘athe dein and theca ss Bat tcc arto for I pong hat hr a oe Comps are ao. 2% Asai, pos the pis Hoang 315°C. by mantic compan Hr iti bless hat the Seaton 5 We ad the hat th hat ‘rat E Compass ane ag. Wes deviaion o tery vation ee ‘To Fo nt Cone Cou ron Tae Course ration and dein mt be comsiered a pnt, abd eatery ait {id deviainn sv peat The howevtr, weal compo, Before the ‘igntr an Bod his compas cure he tat now the sevnion But be ‘not take is Seviton nae know his compas corse. He therefore ‘dhe ot an approximate deviation for his mage cur, and eceay, {trond and are ccrsc one when eb found wha ella sponte A nesgatr hs ered nt is trv coe a 20. Th arto i 22°, Whet eure mat ester comp? “Tre ane =e Westerly vation Magnetic couse 2. nd it he ners the devon leon page 15 fr da eos is en thatthe “pprosnate devon ie 31 Magnetic couse (at bore) 220°, Eeyore af Compas oure 2086. Ite now enter the devon able with thi aprosnute compa course Be cbtins 4 deviaion of oq, and 4 more accuse compan ce would be [6™6C,But since Me wuld ell te quertermater wo ee othe neat deter Sle 16°C: would mot be neenary 1 Woe shout oneteth aa dete “ate mp iy ae ein ea be eu mae“To Lav om Conta Coon on Bean 0 re Cant Ai lars have wate Seow cmp "oe! pinto Sas, When thereto cece igs he ner og epee copay tad di ins te mgr aps shown Se Fy Some salle dar ‘etn te mone! hve a nao te san (Ont ert te ofthe maga oe wt the asin, the fern sours sod te a hg. 2 Before he can ue ths magnetic re fr ying off + sumgse cous, the aviator sus sppy both the devnton athe change of waaton, "This c te done cmvenient in one ep by combining te deston with the cange of ‘artim and then aplsing the ela nerf the magne on, exameue 1190 the coupe baring of a bet 257°C. the dvi 3° nd the arto fom he hart 2° 955 lng wally “The hange in varason during § yer 0, ich by be tae at aproe F The eres be ap tothe rng ston echt tears EW. PFE, oc 24 ~hat tomy, compass oth 3 to the went of Iragoeie oth Tie maybe en sb acount by placing the pall ret (th wich the tering ida) on the magnetic ees the eto af 157'Cy and then engi antl throgh A atc, er 0 pa ‘oom magnetic north compass not tthe wot of tthe movement mas te'noictuckeiae: The reding to the mage rat ae he jawed get cure) ith SAM, "To ehek thi apply tel fr corrsting course an eaig Compe bearing ‘Westerly vision Mago eng ary change in iio Magnet eving adjusted ocare gE yet hi metodo applying a je distin the ump oun or bearing sad then xing the magne news the nites te ble of inking eleultions an paper, base he hs merely to ad seca 0 Seva! quanttes and slew ha paral rule by tat sot. The eve tobe led eas flows » be combined deviation and chage of on evry the es mst be sleped wt ce, ate, socks “Should ee ele to Kno the compat cure to ser ede ose along erin line othe char, the ane prosiure mus be revcd, By ‘hte te paral eer slong his ine ad rungs te eset gee ‘Course mult be apie the deviation coreted fr any change of wuiion. sxamene Suppor the in 19 i repied 0 tr re hich, oe of the Imagerie re 85°: ond tat the dation Ean the etton EPI 1955, deeanin 0 oma What he op cur? ‘The change of sition n§ yer again 50%. Th er ob aged othe smugness therlore 3°. Tat compat nor a yf ef mapa ‘orth the compas rig set han he tations oe pall let mas fe wdewed that amount slit, thrchy sing athe magnet sve reading of of" “Thc hs by rae Magociccours by art 8, tery change ain = Magnets core co Mt asters deinion Compa couse eure (Note tht in this example he rae appl iv he sete of the one ed inte ‘ample on past 20 since ne ae tae eoscrng Sgn to True) To Tate thee somersins, + small Compe Canputnan Diy Pater No (5 nsuppi os ssn in icAid Jo Memny.—"Vose rls say be remeber by the flowing wo swenon COMPASS TO TRUE ADD EAST CADET ‘To Cnuce nue Devas Suppose that a compas eating taken ofan sje the eve beng of ii tran. Then i he var essa the devia cx be {hd omar with shu sad fom the devs ble cue “heb of he Sun or pe abe fond mde wih oe explana in Volume IL Suppo ar yeh a shen in Pig to te con tering a th tune moment hing 295°C snd he raraion a" Toe Troe eting of Sam apo? Wesey ution 7 Magoetctesng of Sun 242M. (Compass Bearing of Su 235% Devition Pa nd therefore ously Relative Resrings Beans of objets tegen given, 0 with fence othe tu, magnetic 1 compas nr butt the fren ne ofthe ship hey thes ld tse pee ang te teense hs lies to port or to satboard. ‘These are known a “relative bearings’. "° i ‘ ee ; Io Fig, the being of 1 Gree 3, tt of Y, Red 40, If he hip eta seaming ey he het beep of so abbot Yee ‘ero eel eu boo te aed 26 and 4 one : = Be Fo, 2, Rate essing ‘The expen ‘onthe bow, onthe Bean, and ‘nthe quae, witout any scl our of eres pn esa epee 4a Pot $F oT pins" oF 9 posto He Wp haCHAPTER II Admiralty Charts and Publications “Tw Honootvitc Ofc of the Admiay wi rte in 179, sky for {he palacton sf msigaoal carts I twenty Se eparnens oe tech! branches ding within addon tothe Adin ers ake mater a Sting Det, Tide Tab, Lit of Lit, Nose te Marmas, “Amachod othe Chart Branch ae aver naal aan an experienced soneiog an sseting tier Thi dst ito ay the daily we yc ‘raphe lfrraton whch comes thru crepancy mon and ‘her charac The py pric atone asta rene that equi snapanedment by Noten eo Mies stdin sen oF chars a gr, wth maybe raped ft th loving egos (@) Nevigntonal carts, which the abips ack pote (6) Nitin, wich ano Be wed fr ping the i's (9 Diagrams. (Paige, NAVIGATIONAL CHARTS (Charts drawn on the Mercator Projection Aline onthe Ears eutace which etal he mre and pall tthe ‘me angle cle "rhar ite therefore ve places a te Eas ‘acted ya huni ina the aip tere songs Ee thers, Of the ipsa il remain the ume thas the posege Ths dc, is aterm bythe ange frm the eran whe hum Hg, mee ‘eka rar 2 "09607498 ced she uses The Mom le elf, ‘iene of theca» On he Has uric ns um ie of is ship by dnwing ara ne betwen i argos hs Sean Mine apd then mes the tendy corse he a set rt ve ee {Be Mer th pn wt) oa hm th bce (hun es (or stone Fai pen a nt es on te (0) the ange beencen thn hum ie on anh ad chart, are uaed Tesoro ha (6 the eget, which shu ie a wel a re cl arp on {ie Sara swt es (athe deo ade ape hc paral ke eur, Qe dann win nce tte shar Spee ie Et resi henge ata () Ran nee te dr ot epost he Sir ane (0 fete hen (lost Hos hess rn a the oun "Torin dtc, bong gs ce. wd appear ce a2 2 “The Mera potion tm a te grrr bat mata cay contrat al he condone so a sb leat Merete Poin of he North Ane Osan ‘Seutox 4 Macon Crane ‘Sine the equate ie down on the chr at «sight eof define Bath ised ty that kagh ad cotta ten, On tbe Ea, howerer the mendan comers, and thai dacs on 2 Mero cha il be Increasingly sore ian casvet ction proportional the te from the equator it tthe plete sae woul be nite (E32 Tn onder to prs the rest taper thet (0h popes clad chomp the pal of nde whch eel aated 0 he Fat rc Fi 2, anb ineeasngy spaced tats he oles the Mero nie ditaron Steps in Volume ie rene by the scat ofthe Iatkade'On's Merror shar Grsend G75‘) for exami pens 98 ond as Af ath eur hough the Le ale te ies roda Gretlnd (The scat of 7" i 3) Tha the varying lade see, whi {ven the distri of Osanna Sesto wl ane vac ces Iisa int on ne Ths le ere knw te go entre i tin dt Svinte samen and heir ts ou poe cea acne oo the margin at random. No tu shoud now be ce. t pone to oe te Tongue va for earring diner, ecepe th sesso ht 1000 ee, tht ho es tha ae-ahll iek ‘one mie (A fll derition of hx projsion, which ea tte gown projet it Bren in Vtume 1) "The char eden on tse, toshing the Eat to pit anally he central pot af the chart which ws knw se “erent pin “Lines ae div fom the etre fe Earth though pin the Eats surface, dt thy eae the Bat surface the that nce (0 ees ives appear sig iene ct and hb nev epeae Sins (0) etn era ss omen he pols (6) parallels of latitude are curves; ™ (6) forer spn ont lar sy fam the ange pit he poner eh he dt, © sramni nla ne the inert at met sss we ua era snd pe. Tun etl roa ongitude is read from the border, ' : 7 rp + he “The pcetion ed or: (o) reeel suing chats {8} Fie char oo he darn near the ple of « Merstr projection Fenders deine ethod qe une. (oro a eh S09 ett eer "These plane ze pei form of yoroni chr, the mall se ofthe Barth concreting red at "Thelnude td loge the elation pe’ o sme prominent objet in given under he tide; and on an unraduated plan ce poston of any set pm cn be aid awn by ntng i irene of tude ad lagi from the burton spo these dference being mesure on the spurte nea lade and Jogrude shown on the pln ‘The frm of graduation wed on a omni chart ferent from thet an Merete chart (This ference can eteen an Adaty Char gy, which bes standard patter of border, fraduains an cles) "To Consravcr 4 Seats of Lenore os Pa 1s seal of longitude isnot pve, it canbe fund frm the flowing From the 10 an the sale of title drow ie making angle wth it whic eal she ide ofthe ple 4a th ea sow i. 24 From cach division on the see fIitude drop «perenne to hi ne ‘The itenectons of thee perpeniclrs mith the line mack the we of longue Distortion of Chart ‘The oii work of hart ay be iher ngraned o 3 copper plato dren Int oe an enamel tine pate To ete cas thes trate to tae ‘rng pit fom niche chars re pit yea pveChars are ale o sgt dsrton at ertain tage inthe proces af tee uci Any dination may be oered by checking the dineeons of the ‘tigi! plat, soa tone Coma ofthe ear Tia gen messed dace th lof darn cely decrees a the seas incense an wil ave he lee ft on lrg chars Moree, the ial plas of rge-sale cart ro brspht up die bore the pas of Stallarale cars For hse ramon, and ther reasons wich wi Re sven Iie, he ler hart ela a ays wed (The proses of reproducing cir i decid in Ve re 1) Information sbowa om Charts [Nene ofr Cu "This ssw in the cight-hand tom comer aed (nce 19 a nthe lt and tp or ‘True oT Cue, - This shown nthe most covet pase, 0 tat no sential navigational inroads Dare oF Sta or st Car, = Thi given ander te tle ‘Dargo Pemtcarion, Thi shown std the bottom maria of the bart, n't ide te bled ashe Admit, oh May, a6, Dare of New Eomont.- Wena chart i sovted thrushowt and modernized {nape ew tn plished, he date af he pew eon being show th Nw ato,ad Jamar, 195t "This prised on the vght of the ori date of publication, Al age and smal cofrecton otis are atte some tine ear ale ope te ‘ha sre cancel snd replaced Dar o Lance Consacrions,- When a char x eareted (0 revit though ‘au Fm import information to cmpreersve 0 pst a haa By hand he ate an which thre Soret ae mae hom the che {hig a he eof pabiaion: the twenty mated wis ew ian Se, so a te th Lar cations, rh Ferry, 1961 All mat correction otitis aa the ate ine ert lol xpies the chart seca and ped Dareor Stat Connscross (a) When a dar is carece fom information promulgated in Adri or ‘et Nouces to Marzers ater tan Temporary te Pekmiary~ bel), {he yer if ot ae sown, andthe uber the soe aera i he etm efchand come fhe casts Smal oats, 196 = 908 ‘Chars jn stock atthe Hy togeapi Spl Estabshent a the Admicity (Ghart Depots ae cael by han from sch norton. When cee 2 ship or estmen, therfore, the che aed to be caret ony fr beguen ice aetng the (©) Pie to 1954 hen a car wa crac fom jformpatin which was onsteel of no impertance fom the anda of sles wh therfore tot promulgated in Adair or es Note o Morey the Year ito svealy shown, an the dat ofthe eves were entre ote {har i oe fw map therm khan corse eo he ae and in sequence withthe aan refered the pressing puasaps cs ‘Shall eect 1952-30 Sal caret 1952-(V13) “These indate tht the char seve sine corto on th May 1952 and ‘ath June 19, eect, sch wl appear on te pti "Tn seh cats copes of tech eld by ships and eae were at sual else, tug in exceptional enn whe ew compan ere Severed ew copie of the chars mat be spp Te sould be patalaly ‘ote hat he shone Of the eaetone repre by see rate aes rom chr des notin away inate for raison. (© Sine 1954 in order tht mee stent may be given to New Eon, Large Cares and eoeectons by Note o Maines forte reson ‘he mang of minor erections o chat pte to (5) ha een dined Teormation of m0 tmpoance to sae and tment ravi ted reeorde for nls in the ext New Bont Lage Caren: ot [romulgnton in iter Nossa 9 Marines shoul change of unos ater ‘he importance ofthe infomation. Tn copequeee the sal eesti dle ‘closed in ecanps doe ot ape eran #953 on mvs has (@) The date of Femporty and Primary aotze in ioe in penll lelow the permanent analcoreon otto a (7) and) 16g. (Chane in tock st the Hydrographic Suppis Eaabshment and Adaivaky ‘Chit Depts ae ot cote fram thease when chars seve fom one tae sure they Wl cfore het be coves el om (@) When i cesar 0 Sring the cmp rey fa chat uptodate a new copy printed ad the date of modenstion preted hnovlogealy ‘th the notation ofthe sal erection th 2) Dare or Parson. This is shown in he right-hand tp corner thu: 135.6 ‘which nds that the chart wan pit on the 1th ay of tor terion of Pune. ~The type of plate med sine by leer 2t the ‘etm right-hand corner the chat Dinaneions ort Cui inchs, between tein ines of he gato, are shown in brakes inthe ttm righthand crnes "hey ae wt ot ‘hecking the dimerins of he shart shoul asian be sopese Sey Sccurate hr requed “ry proof'maybe demanded, The obtaed ye ‘iret printing procs snd fe het tron but fo esos gen Jn Vahome IH pr sth for emsSeat oF ma Cue (s) The ature eso bens he ie (0) On some largeacale chart + scale in appropriate uns is shown, 10 rupplenwat or 0 replace the normal laude Sale by which ian ate feared nore to make he tae of thi ele heed Seo Tate nd Distance’ ‘Staxano Ansari No Seibel on Admits cart ae chown on ‘Chars sts, wh skp in she Fol (Hs) canting lacey cas tnd age, Execs fon thi car ar epredacd in ig 2s ‘Tux Urs ero rom Dervis are sued in bold leering below te tie of he sr, On men chats, saudings under lve atone ae five infers {nd fe: Depi ae gen tow Chare Dar, ub wsly apposite to ‘Mean Tow Water Springs "Thin somes tat See wil nvr be las water Lndeoenth the sip than chan, so hes & marino ety rove ‘Undertned figure om banks “em 4 dente the mame ff he Dk Ss stove Char Datu iespetve ofthe unt wel for sounding Figures sown thos neato atom a 25 ft’ (he he thom is he ui wed on he hat oso). Pi ecomplt information ily Inert in charts when more dt eno srl Faron Ls. On mnt chars ail soundings of and below, certain dep are eat by ine ferent characters, tht te rig wil knw ate ifs eck eos ta line, ew in than ncnean dep Dea he ‘erent ftom ies ze sown on Chr $1 Huss are given in fet sbove Mean High Water Spring. The gh of sll lands ave howe in braces coe hee the sj toch they elo Thi to wid eafarion withthe wundinen “rows Isvomaaion for vais ports onthe chat sprite ina tale ina sata postion the char “oss Sr om (9) At fran sl ean wheter in we ein ste ing shes ft wr sn the ne tt san, spe na at eve et on he an re ob pc wale ‘Sutin for which te tration he (0) iisrion ay eho by mt i em soon etn spew sce dorcel Ree ‘SoS uowon nai Gap Colours Used on Chars Ligh, radio beacons and sometines ial ream ‘damend ar distinguish bya magenta veri to aitte eniaton ‘nome tarts ses of ten bom erin Spare iting by a lve rsh or by a blue wah ine lowing the sppeapent ftom Ene Th tes reas Ext rae Admin Chit son (Caplin f mbt and abbreviations hn on he cas su! by the ceo Dep ca4 CuAPTER 11-ADMIRALTY CHARTS AND PUNLICKTIONS aioeTides and Currents 000 Regen RALEETS TRS | Pl. Funct ram Ady Chart 48 Comte) ‘To Describe» Patcaar Copy ofa Chast When deciing x parce copy of chart, tte (0) the nober of the chat (ute (3) dn of poco; 1g dt of he a ew sion; (G) dt of he la re corti (6) amie (ode) be at tal ertion ‘To Distinguish a Wel Surveyed Chast Bear in mind thefts pis: (he me hd my mas (soundings hood be coe tge an gu, wth no Wat spaces (© fathom sed courtier she shown, {there shoud be plenty of ctu bnew sd ter del {@)alltbe eourtine shouldbe cmp ith ste ne nding ack norma, Degree of Reliance ‘Tae ages of las be patos ht pends he care he igi survey acon the compltens ofthe rears eaten chan Moreover te umber of sounds ich canbe shove sey greedy the eae ofthe chart Asse of ope inch tothe le forcast tach ecunding to occupy am sre tepeenting # ste of sts! gre Eve ‘the cloves sounding may no detect abu segs ofthe THe enshson “The Un of Chas Navigational Ae, nll inte ite: tin to each value of Suing Deny boa be cal mi In thie {he folowing ode: Hint to Remember when Using Charts (@) Amys ue the rence chart, bene (0) any evr ae reed tsi (3) ithe casino, tae eos Wl ave he en ee {3} more dea is show, {the plate om which the tages cha ede is ected before the pnts of alse chat (0) Tansee postions fom one cht to ater by beating and dance ftom pat cman oth ca, dc by ate snd engage Ths ‘Sino neemry cet ei sake nd srs he radios ca te swear (Alay ata fx 200 ple afer he si’: poson as bec teateed fom ne chart oot (@) Almay the nese orgs bea: (0) here wl be es ete af estorton, an the evs ation wil be toed (2). err wl be aed ifthe cart wedi reve on the game{e) Remember the change of ato printed on ach compas 106 (G_Neep oy one shat othe ct tale to woud Be eto of ering ita af the see of chart est the ne (Mk cern whvther he Unite aed or soundgs on the chart ate (hen caring ane bythe tae eae menue roughly the sae nun om ac eof the cia Lae te ak eine eared (The wart ofthe cha ca beat be preserved al slate il Be ost ica pool ands veer st wed I wet eth i ond ‘Pl wo plc towels the frat of the areblewhen weg the ‘hare and to ene ging eget THE ARRANGEMENT OF CHARTS ura eat equi ship a exbltmene are nora suppl i feozrpel quence ot are mbes arauged geographically a ove she wor nat ite stand Ad ly hae la se soy es (Chretien uch uated Sa NP ie tsp the Hougaph Sapp: unin i's}, Baael othe tie exch abe (G) "The fol Le. whit sows the flo and rial none, the date of ‘cignal ste fom the Hdropaphic Supies Exablahret,subseest (dete of ia fom Chart Dep, an the tame of hip and esas te which ied: On he fsa netted he pu the at Ne ‘Meri for whichis nae amended, 1G) The fii’ eich sha the murs and tle ofthe shart contin! {in the foi, and the tes of the appropriate volumes of Sng Diet ao {sty Ligts wtih re aensialy suppied wih te fol. Alun et lak i the fb Tt Tor the iserion of the cose ames ofthe chess ranein the fl, nonin siatenconjction ‘ih the Ide NP lem 13 the extn of hare he oy hd tet Duplicate ft is oe supped and pe ager aback ensle, Cnhe ack of exh char 4 chore ate an which x pine the Ca er an tes pce stale ta the Soo Mamie he serial ure {ihe fla andthe enmce uber fhe shar in be is oe 2) Te bred fo ich conti lesion car fom one ve ore fac, are ncn rina pro for psa hush Ue otecs coveted bythe ep lo, feading ent the noe portant hartovrs in thove see, aa for mt the regu of Kop Elect Malton "Tse ein are insted by tl eves on ene Cha ‘ogi and are mumbred bette 19019 Tn ht es he ‘abiged foo! nar comespond othe ‘compete fl’ umber, fg, Fol of the ardged tenon of Foo 5 (q) Lace nd ee fs vide Yor lal evn th vit of dock. yd port, for speil reuienents or cance by he stove Thee fre numbered tothe joo sand oud fal of tach har a ‘rec art and Con anf Lara Intech, ‘Sr Hour’ Crane ‘Asef snl cen chars i suppl n watepol wallet for wen 2 ships bt, Thi le son cots ime Ging ort dase fed Sarno aber Yaorrss’s Cuants ‘Small cnc ae being produced in convenient fo ache Hydrographic Supplies Handbook (se) ‘This book a now eton of which i able for ne to tne) cortaoa infra teaing to the uppy_ sod coeton uf Admin bar and publican, cionomeer snd mstchn The soe ior comet (3) Genel nformaton, etn lit of Chart nd Chronometer Depts (0) Chars: remarks ont arangenent a comet, (©) Navignonalpubcason Remar Sting Datos, List of ight, Aimy Lit of Rado Sent tnd Tie Tab (@) Notices to Maer, thi tertngement and covets (6) Outs of chars and plac: iformaton siting hi xp pk, (f Air claves and maps: reference to the up. (@) Closomcters and watches seme eri py eplacsment and epi. (0) epost of char ati (0) in ofc and ap fli, an ee contents of ceria ones. () Lats of suigtional publeatons, with their seo ue (h) Eeablstmest af cronrter and wiches 40) Index Chart X51, showing epprosnate iis of Admiethy Chart fae, ‘Chart Correction Log and Folio Index (NP lem 1333) As the umber of char sve no chat ie sega area the Chart {Carscin Lg and Folio ner enumerts the oon iv shh yar at ‘maybe foun and pone spe fr the ieson ote sunene sete {nd for loging the Noes to Miner shat afl wh hat Catalogue of Admiralty Chars and Other Hydrographic Publications Dar) ‘This aaloge, pushed sonal, is spp 0 mj sip. ota it of ielaneots charts ah gaa, of tarpon carts ange * Se aho Ques Ration and Admit asratn.osrphil sequence 2 manera inex chart andi of Salli Dieatine Sp ctherpublonons of eto mariners In adaton, there are Index care {iog the Kinks ofa chats i the aca eonesed bythe. Sing Dens ht nth ti sha he eng ch Contdemial, Restited, and Special Purpose Charts Confidential and eran Rete chars ate contained in fos umber i theyoo sera. Thence Pet cat, Teerph chart Radar and Range Fics Clon car, ir Operational ars, Sora car, Submarine a, Prcce and Rocce Ares charts and Wreck char Oeber Reset and Sf Furpw cor ecu fn he cnn, pea “The fi and ial mumbers of chi hr fit an he ops ube fa content. yeqeapic Depriment) pbctons bel om charge ‘hold be rsnded inthe Rector of Conf’ Chartrand ath 1 Pra (EL) Mone Pcs a pes Parpne chr are eid Mya profi ter, Whore te bse char snl cat (400) the aprile poe etre ete mi hat sha Cn em ne ae) Sapo and U{Ds) sys ve Desa Lanes for cue tnd son bse chs Gite the srt soe ar ateluncns Ine, Instead Lat the later preed ty, Cm char ee nny in th fo sere th pet et eg, Flats Fr nail char atte of Cantal Fe and Reed Charts and Othe Hr Pubctn cued a sp canng Pt char fn tae it ‘rene preticetars none shes anole of alfepecl ear ee ded GND sr Gall tote hich oe tee) 9 tof Fs, Operon fn Spi hant fe; at of Hyeopapic publctons and + oer Inks fhe char one i the clone Prorrise Dison "Thea Inte in 5 and ate supp i a pei ft (#439 rls flict for the ue of scale ae contine inthe Catala sf hamiaty Charts (HD 39), hih tae with amas ir Nei, rr which they are eovreced. ave zapped co aerat-carsers. Referees fo suis made a Hos Tg ne he ropes fhe Luter Commander (pen “ape ae angled forthe tse of sinc and for sore operons. They ate rine in fe form andar Toe copies Further deals me given i te Erno of dat a Ch Tear Cane Cuams “Tae ate pei Fle chr fin which show etl of submarine abe ‘warnever ship ites tosnchor nu ponne which st oral aeoep, ‘he apport Torah shart shoul ke costed toner that thre 2 te cable Mey 10 be ed byte ance. NON-NAVIGATIONAL CHARTS AND DIAGRAMS Aue fat sppie to hip re marked ‘Nott ved fo Nagin ‘The ren forth eter tat they do ot rl se al the signal (Singer operational stine chars tat the are not ht crete by ‘Note to Marner, ee, Only he bce of Napili Het chara 2 conetd. It muy sets be neces #o pot he ship's paton om one thse charter ona lates chart coed with Hao Nasa As 0 ‘he position saul then be toned ton neriationl lart. ‘There ae ho {numer of miscelangnos chars and dara, nich a Letina carte fd Were Aamuth Ding, ahish at numbered inte go see. Mention salen been oe of sein of hse meena car; oes ineade Reference char fli for Flag Ofer {Ghar A flo for nara gener information; 1 special foi, He (or HL3g, aries wo sip, Thin contin the majority of aclu Car agama ables ok ond in {he fla prviuly enumerated A Tat of contents in SUPPLY, UPKEEP AND DISPOSAL OF CHART OUTFITS "AND PUBLICATIONS, Fl information is gven ia H.st, which shouldbe sto by the fear feeponsbe forth char: The repli whi ret presot applicable fe Genre bel Ifthe daly Moma of Navigon fund tern the respec fom Hs the ater should be cnsdeed the aunty, ne fis lsnende tre feet interes let Supply! “Arplicston fora ou of char fos an publaton for ashipcomiioning ‘or recommioning isha waters shouldbe ae Adie Hyopraphie Supe Eaablishinens, (Cette House, “Trinon Somerset ako Qu Ral ont AayaSeema ance eR a ee {© eaters partir por fot whith aden char oly ‘State of Correction on Suply ‘The cars are normaly supped caroed upto date for permanent ots ny the tf the at ene ig shen ech om tefl ls on the ase and Reese Cette Hs. The pobsties arent cnet uj iu, they ote cram yl pst supplement, Noes Maser » Henin S ble crs to be comected for exiting Temporary and Peni vices th following ae spied withthe ate “sy () A st of weal eins of Feet and Adninty Notices t» Nainers ‘rom No ofthe cent year, leer stone we seeds Thee Ste rth ny if (on ee (Sey Cad (os which afte on, pbs sis he Action an Receipt the Chart Ost ‘Check th ti ye Ine ad Hes Cents (3) (Check the sowie et of avg! pleatane by IT (Cech te ee efi y thei i Sign and eur the reciente on the dpcte copy of Form 18. Inset, in pen, comecatve number of har in fat, in deplete Feit, ania he inde, (6 If on acne complet, ir in peal he flo sere and consecutive takes othr ibele Gotcha for any pres rte pik sic the mabe sm Greta (1) an tics infesting reer wih he area in which the shup will be operating frst. = ‘Action on Receipt of Newly Published Chart Ins aval shoul be td in ef a ‘he pate fi is, {he indes car in Sie appropri Sai 1. 5. the By of the Sie Piston 8, Chains of Adie Charen ‘The chart shouldbe comet foray CH) (reso scans ad fo ny Pemaneat sts lsd sine the rbertout ofthe char Seton IE ‘Noni o Mane ‘Action on Teanefer of Chart Folin snd Pub CCmbined Tarte and ResptCertifci (H.sp in bank Kr, ae ‘Sol vhen chart fo od pulsar anlred fon one oer or sip {Banuter, orto sehr depot, Iractons fr ie competion and diupoal are gives an the frm, eck separate fi ing lite hereon, bu oni the appropri se of publican. Ws exenial hur the Hydogapber should ete = cps of theca tee lately in oner that Noto to Mares and replenishes my be dvr Subsequent Upkeep of Chart Outs Repleniahnevs ae supped fc the Hydrographic Sopplins Taabshmen ‘They tnclae the folowing = iy Noto to Marne, which ar iad go hipe when ay mn ‘ata iforting neds to be prolgated igen. Suc ts Sto rece immene anetiom They te ding’ by the ‘on (Hanae reprinted in the wel etn (ey Westy Eason of the appropete Admit and Fleet Notices to Marne inaeted on pager 42 and, a ons copy of ‘Section forthe erect, by the Camemnictine Deparinert of ‘he scond copy ofthe daly Lt of Ra Sica (@) Chana: New dart new enn, cart ore by ge soretone Std thee coveted bythe anal cores dessbed (0) on Pe 3) fe automaticaly supped, Rec of thowe charts to which 3 ep i ‘led ean be checked by reference tthe Weekly Eton of Nose {2 Marne, whch etait a of new pubstions. (@ Nevgacona plesions, New palatine and mendmens ae aloo supped stomatal andthe exp cat be chested a). (Worn or duaged chara and pblicons ce repel on rnd, Form Hig8 tung tel for char and Form Hayy fe ‘nope and ablations, These should vormally by adesed to the Sati Fydoprphic Supple Eaten ae cha depots ie trond to deal vith thes only ifthe demand is ure. Inritions for lad purchse of chars or peblzaona, whih stat! ony te made in ‘rgeey, ar comin in BsDispos of Out on Paying Off ‘When the sip i nde to pay off nd eomiso insritly, the ett thould Be rend for the next common "Whe ship ordered opal and bot rcomion a once, the Hydro spi Seles Estiniet shal be cd for arn abo he the abi nin frsign water, the ou sould be eturned to the east chart depot and the warner esported othe HysropapicSappen Enabishers NOTICES TO MARINERS “Thee promulgate information {@) announcing the pblesion of new cht an navigionalpuition, (0) or making al oreton ws cara and sing etons and important evens of a (0 igi i i Eh Gaps om) Rai (Wer argon wearing (ase, uxowoLavts and roo) “The informacion a) c(i publ in Daily Nei to Maire whch have line crelton cep when thy ate tents ech en thse noses even separate number, ruoning conscielyfo the Iegnnogof ech year. The navigational waring en publabed daly "Phe day cn re republnbed in Weakly Edsne whch connn so the infomation a) In these elit, the umber lesen the dy nates eres “The nly of he Royal Nae ae met bythe mp of Woaly Eton and thir is cllged astray frm the Hyopape Supp Esabohent "The roply of the noes commences sv ston atthe watt of hare and publican has een raat eens when the ott set Notices ae ested oa 9 ave inthe aborts owe i, na patae eng ed non atabe Thos who fal sere see cone $m ite abel so the Hycrogrphic Supp Eablet, The Weely Conplte Edin compre a ties a spp to H.ML shipk, EEA. merchant tie and sutoces who hate a feet enening ‘epost (UK) ster The Welly Hone Elson i sbortenedveson of the Weelly Complete [tn and cota, bel spening infernal aly the Bre Ine andthe mater xen to Crerinds Toclnd the Wht Sea Gls supeli! wo HAM sip, essere sie nd eres ‘shone function rome t howe Derwes oF Cosress or Weasty Koto, very etn beats a number ‘hich crespond tothe veshnin publ The edo have sx secon ‘Section compris nani and sographi indexes fr Seton H Scion 1 eres the daly noice publ sng the week. sare sit'the ade sng information othe publston of new hay ne kone and lange corecion of chat ew navigational publics and new sons of erating neviatnol pubenons Reerence to thee ties bles suhores to eamure ht they hee cert be iter to wih they ae ete and ot eee, to demand he ‘There also oblsed worth Tt of new sling Geto, etc, an npplemens tat re under revo ori he pet a iy tain ne opi of ie cia en we FEISS at Se os Tome Se tom ‘Thera, tis ssn contin nt ing the Srna node sya corrections ocr spf near. to Sling Directions a8 tof ihr (So fra the Li of ight coneroed on ipotnt amends {ticle i hn Seton (Seton II) Bah ace bended ye ‘umber and genera ecipon, flowed by dete ofthe nro ranged Seder appropriate subheadings tthe end are showe the ial mur of {Gechore eof te pesos sted and the lbw forthe neraion ‘The chr umber te sranged i onder a scale soning a the ge fee care When chai aered by ony ein ton fx tise ese Secon ar, nena, que in Bact the srl nner othe che. ‘Nsies maybe snmp by repractions of pons of he hat sted (Cnc) showing the casein refered to In thee Temporary a Preliminary notes ae daiguied by the nots (I) or () Pein Inpedinely ater the numberof thence "A lst of Temporary and Prebnary ates in fre is pubsbol mony, aly during the ln wesh fea tnt The lat ange under Be (genta heeing ad cmumerees the chars afected. (1) and (P) moc in Force on the sit Dewener ae Yeprined othe Annual Summary of Netee tw Marines (we below) ‘Seton IT cota al cretion forthe wack tthe vaso vores of the daly Li of Light Fog Signal end Vinal Tove Sipe, cing ‘hn contol in Seton i ‘Secon IV cota conection othe newest route book se the anal atc to Masiners No 8 (Ares dangerous doe to mine, ‘Section Y contin agonal Warning, es NA HYDWOLANYY and rrtworis tronics eg the week. (The Weekly Home Eanes Siveat nly) “Seton V2 contain sero othe Admiralty Lit of Rais Sina Aya fo the Daly Not, the Weelly Complete an Wesly Hae Eons, ‘ere ae the following (3) Qurely Rition- ‘Thin i colton ofthe Wekly Dos nud ‘ering the quar, ecuding Seton 1, LV, Vand VI. tended ‘rune by foeon psing marcha sis. (0) Waly Eton of Pet Netzer Ths promulgates cased oviae ical teoloil and hydrographic non It spi ship holding x chars,(6) The Aantal Swomary of Admiral Notices t» Marines "This ie allen of twenty ten (umbefed to 0) 4 peranet nnie fi serine (1 and () tens an vitor ara fone ‘the previous 15t Deeonber. The sla publ on Jay ‘oh rome complete eon snd un expunged edi fo the Weekiy Btn. ‘Cerin ofthe idiots tha compe the volume (eg, No. 4, and 4b which concer fii aio megs) nea pulsed ‘party frm the vol’ ad supplied to tines whe re opsay carat with the, (@ Secon 1 of the Weetly Complete Edition is npn sept ftom the edna ani upped eo the whee net in’ oS ‘ted the cect ofthe srs ate back (©) Sein VE ofthe Weekly Compete Edn is an printed partly ‘tom the edition and epi te supplied forthe we of the eo Sims departments in LAL spe sed rao gers sp, Radio Navigational Warnings {oat Navigon Waring fo parts of the word ate trusts fm the ‘lune af rig, Fuscularare given fo Vales Land Vf the day {ato Rai Sigal were ie, opened cat reat inrraieg ‘aye found fate are beac ram G.P.0, Cat Sabot and pent a Hea sap mW menos ‘Loxe-Rusor Wass — For erin pei asthe methods of promt sion ae falls Bast Atomic, Medieranon and Red Soe.—By xastan Tperant srerngs rere brodeu frmn Waington, Wea Alani ~ By eons Some important menagss ae e-brdes Pacific Ocean Bat of 05 at itig Gl of Thien) — Bye “W"NesiGes~ Oe arene creed ly Briss Corronvesth Nisnona Wamings ised in ensue wr wil x tomy la of ema nes ngeRange and "W" wssger are sep in Sesion Val Analy Nose to Mariners Wy soo Lang-Range warns ar aso pit io US Nae Maris CORRECTION OF cHARTS All ama bt impor corns hich aft navigation ad which ea be Imad ote charts by had, are promelsed in Noes otic ah ak the exception of earns fon Tempoay or Peciinayauecd hr ‘once be ade neti ere en ote char fete The sonton {small carers mate src ae dsr oh pst 38 The een a several hac are aed by ot, he lrg chars seal be secre ‘Generally speaking, tbe amount of dae inforiain whit shad be ingred on a hat ad conform 1 tha alealy shown, “hs wll vary caring tote el of te che "Oe Lege seal hart, say net the aided deacitons (a sow on ‘char sts) fall dea of phy Iihcbany td fg snl; the Cates (Ger ons) of ssn sepcted shel Sede carl depth of wate fo baron shfing chanel nd repre of ihe ‘Oe Col cartier the abiged deity ny the princi hte and fos saa =e tov igh and ae tht wil sata king ana Details fights be inserted repeal faly deed the Nast Marines If they arent arta of rach ght sh be omit he faving order asthe esc th ht does Een, Period, Sumer ingroup Vi Paris of fog sige shuld We insted in tee appropri pstons, ‘tthe i eet space; ether they abo be ered ated ‘nde the ite ot in vre ther sooner pace Taner hae Huns ‘td Yeacone shoul not he inscrod on cma Asi s Eas [Boe ante character of he ha ‘Gr Gee eet ony its hich eve 15 mike a over should be inert ed deta shew her sho De Snide carte ad ao. Iruerrios Warne posible, ast writin lear af the we (ole he ots conser ae othe water and ake cre nee blr ay ifn any om te ‘ar When chtionaryo ida ote, etd thy shoul be wren ina convene but eorpcons ple prefer sess tle where fey wil tree wih ter ta ‘nv dele which have be enc shoud, when ness, be rsd gh it ecmsnen et ik They hal ne eres Bocas Noticesto Maite secon accompanied by ceraductions of porto: ef cars which ae elle "Bbc. When caren carts fm such Mace, the oning pins st he ere nd (0) block ot on shows eaten, bt my ale eae work lal fn the chart‘ lave oul scl be ese ip the et the se anh fe tats ha scope sae ns ot Me tho the ett the neta he dane(0) The toundaty lines of» Mack are aang fr canteince a epic cine sod eed nt be Sled when the Back su for puting oa ther, oid the parapep a i cosdee, (6) The new ffonnton shown on Blak cam sts be inetd ‘he chart yd the esos fr png the ack ths chet teaeid long escipuon othe new nln inet of he (Oring to ditorton, the blak will ot always fe te hart exactly there when lock pase on to the care ete shouldbe take atthe more portant maga acesins lly se pose "Ths cant be ehined by ing the Hoc we yan sang {wo o thee peel marks rou the edges te ig Apply pace to the char and ot oth Wc aes the bck ay er snare \oretng Chars rm Temporary an rtiminary Notices “Tet eae sd ener in pe onthe ha ner ih te ree ofthe i cunge M 2 (The mo sal Sb ete in rh inthis oe ne tom Wd ‘roe ofthe cbr wer the permanent salen sn, “Tempo carectae sol ee ow hes th ste ame hen tered br Primary omen il ned whee ee ethed pring tums ne es se Shoe Bt he Adee Cho Elsie, ch gic nd sce cn fn ag a a an ‘Fach movi aleady elf thane applied wih the hae Correction rom Ratio Navigational Warnings “Thee warning (ee page 44 ly concern dsl ad ding bation ‘he temporary tian ghia the deplacenent of inp is 6 ‘vito, repr, te. They auld be ated a eon the chased Radio Navgesonal Warnings uf = permanent nature soto ring te cls and desing ctrctne 9 nag are seimund a Ado [Notice Mariners, bat oer warning iene easurd i thie wy cep in peal ctcatanes When the mariage he mete ‘onidered unimportant fom the post of view of ale magn, sible ‘Stoonon made Coceetions fom Information Received from Authors other than ‘he Admiral Such infomation shold be ete in penton the care afte, bu m0 hare danger ie oe expunged withthe ds authority ofthe Hse traps. When an Admiralty Nate Mariners received contain ti Information, the peo crrecons shod be esd an the sau es tins cal be eel he way any dese, PUBLICATIONS. Publication wed bythe Navgting Mcrae Sie ato wo exter (0) Poblcaiom spl by the Hydogrghr (Han HD. Sei). (2) Texto, yerence bis, handboks snd fers bie frm the C5 Ott or Sppiy Deparment (CBs DR, an 8 Senay ‘Navigational Publiestons (NPs) ate ade up into ss, Seale of which ae {Been Hs -All major war vs se supped wth the “Compe at for [General Servi’ In adn, the apgeoprie Sailing Diecis and Lit of {pls are ued atrial sh cart flea nt the bor of 2th ft ‘State of Corecon om Suply.—Novigaiona pabicaions sre nat comet cn upp, but the Itt suppres, sommaren of ices and any ther eden ot eel a Nas to Mariner ar automa ned Meteorological Publications A se of thee publctions toster with the sale of ae, i given i he Meese Supper Henaook (1). Ships with qualied Meera Ofbcers ae sued wih complete st tne wha quled Navigtag Offer but no Metco Ofer, mth an abridged and thes i ‘terol wering cars Aviation Pbliations (a) Phe Utd Kingdom Ai it prompted bythe Mine of Aiton, a ited bythe Hyeopraper. Teton, to Navel shore, etihmet ta sip concerned Ths bok is lone fom sd costs sloration ‘peng sconata faite nthe Uae! Kingdom Ite pony ‘th Litter Comenander (Operations). ened by Nate Aime (Goris) and by monthly supplements wich contain ny new or repre Seco. A Che List seed monty to coal hehe beh tis apy fe took opt te, ‘Grosset Appesech aed Landing Chars ae sho datibuted by the Hydogeapher. {@)Orher fase aeronautical information, not necouily applicable to the “Ais Pt, i romaated by ‘efernaon Cuca The te dtd oo etal af the Adiay by the Minty of Aviation, (Corespndentereing "0 them shold, however, be atewel fo the Hyoprapher) ‘Navigational Publications Apunatty Sune Dumrons ‘The Adimraity Sang Dict, so eed "Pt ate pubic in sbaut sevens volumes coving the werd. They contain gener snormtin eat o the rigor andthe propriate Volumes ne stomata’ saplid rth eat fin,‘The mio content ofeach vom conform gener othe Following 14) A enti dawg atenton annul Noses Maines (@) Norton fore for supplement and sunmarica of Nees Maines age bok (o) etn ane wing the book without coming the Inet spp {) Acousiow garding the wi of measurement and wher standards used in the bok (@ Advent to seein, ‘This aes th ts Nieto Maine (0 tration ing Yo Adiy hart ad pation, pve (e) Ines shart "Tia show the sen coeze by the ome, an he indicates thtssepants pan of Dove ening tat unc, pb (0) Chapter Esp in thoes sues that ae concur th he BREN Iss Copter # pene wh bit denipton fthe ones owed by the malas toe eovernent feu, ae and reese fli all humeral of mcrae ‘Sean stl sans, len, tee of ys cea {ons as ston, oskyards tdesevson, Sunda Tine Rs plc, snd ary drcione ae pve sn Ova Paneer ofthe Wer (@ Or chptre ssn dete depos ofthe ae cover By the Sritne Perea chart of the rc hat tne erie ae oven athe tp cack yy sod the each the athe (0 Appointee ae ntl apenies whic ‘rly ive dst of he flowing’ (4) Orders in Coun conseraing dockyard prt, EGR at pons westeie for undermtr epis, with dete o dhe ange ey Sock, ing dco pn pat ach pe (g)A Rol terial pate thlog pats of op. Q\Aancer sped dosage Disraili ition geo hat i te Sang Di Baw Elan, Ane itn of exh wiurmeo Sane Dione ptiaed Sterna ch ig ora mane ei tne pte nthe notes sonennng st plain, inode enable he new ‘bmg be ered toe ing bought nt te Supplement Applet wo each une general publi bel, och mppent encling the previo ore Te flowing intron eps ' * “Whence references ms the Pit, hs Sapplment we om” Sopplemins should be rao intact init the cover of the "i thie xa being note a pencil on te Be of the Bonk The ist patie wed ‘Seompling the Supers rte inthe adverizement. Ne andr aeed |Blacmiing pening i the spon forte fst me eel ia ar ‘cher; dkms ror resus appeteate ar inte by a arian He ‘Soar of Nota #0 Marinas = When a volume of Sling Dein ‘ake up fr eine, fie soplement ota eon fis, Btsbse= [uest paces sft se mmr exh year and leo a septs attention, toute new eon publ, Dea sblt sa be ered nthe ie of the Bn vie ss ‘Carat rom Notes ts Marna - Noses to Matinee ating Sint Dirac ht be nested poli he gin or ene abr Azumcry Lat oF Liens, Foo Sits asp Vial To Stones This pblicioe, normaly ale the ‘Ligh Ls x pub in twee solames oven the mor. Pe yehsoes ae ddd geographical ae snieted Unb indo chart onthe ack of eachume and ae publi real ok tot af ont athe vt fone olme every it we, ‘Content. (Index hr, shaming he ii of he vale (back coer) {8 taco roma on types of gh, fon sal submarine sound iy raheacna soda rectors Hpheseic, Weck nsing Seach and dace sna. (o) Tate of ranges for cling the ditance «ight maybe sen fr Aira beige of ee (@ Lanieoor iy diagram, {9 Deere of alrite! ligt (except light buy) snd fo sigs. ‘Thesisenc of uisbesonsiaindated where appropiate, bt dete them te given inthe Amel Lit of Ras Sal (Vl Ht). (Tac and ther gin tale of which wil be found a Saling Dirt, (a) Deo Vinal Tie Signa typeof Printing = Diferer ype of printing ae wet isinguih vrs ah flows old ope theme nd gat igo Te hing 45 ie ora yp: shre igh ther tha the bore ITALIC CAPITALS: the names of Hih-voe ras osting ih tee han the above Poitn, The aprotnate lite and Tonge of Lig ae given, 0 ‘uct rence tthe car, ‘ratte Light. ~The ler U ater the name of ight nies hat is uoyatced a hereore shoulda be eed upon ipl‘latins ~The lesion given in aon eared etme the ere of he lane anh eve of a High Water Spring os Mean Tighe Wate ‘Pct pen he Tide Ta "The Big gies im sm 7 hat of he votre, ead rom wp © se ‘sh ight-c ie beg af he daa above he waetine. Grgaphia rng. The ange enim column 6 tara whan chev, th heightat-ye of 5 fn, wold be set oe oe light In lear weather the ia aus of aise Intety tobe ten fom the nit te ee trap range, unipos vty pen. ‘Secor. Te te bsg ser rom tsord is gven in as 8 oe aio Chai (Corres Permanent and Tengoray serene tthe vahanes ae remalae inte Wealy Complete Eton of Adiaty Nee to Masur Section I Altaf the cormon, acum whe the vue wa th resi contained inSain TIL ofthe Woaly Eaton anouncing i pablo {on mparaot conection ss ees Sexton I oe at aed Flee Nats to Maney fo the cotton of chars All orto od bebo in pen, Avnmcry Lev of Aim Liou (D455) Th pblaon, pin ul aren come write dea fal aright, tei! Secon an ghed rato ee pinay fer use i conjunction with i arts, bu same ofthe pts ef te Sseheeavgaon sd, where appropiate fen ta hey can ie ‘lated on mre chars ‘The hurr f many at gs ea hed eer fe proup of eter, Sarco th ight a knead inte uma Lat tie. Assume Lar oF Rhos Stes ‘This publion conte of Sve prt the stn contents of which are ‘mimes blow Volume 1 Connecti: (@) Caution draning stein io Anal Note to Marner (6) “Preface, wth eplnwtary nts a he slam, oclading the date of ‘the eet conection embod inthe bok, (9 sDirectons for coreg the bask, (G) List of abreinoos used inthe took (c) Imeroatoal io waeesping peri, (0 *Disgram to fasta the compara of Zane Time ieee (@) Lie feign (0) Longdstance sipahire aio communion. (0 Seal ca wntcheeping srngenet Gret Brin and ie (Lito ple vous and tors supped witha (0) List fen aio ute (0) Medal serves td guaantine rept ee rate (on) Boies ein, (0) NH sennee (0) Gove aio regulon, daze sae, Sltenatonl Morse Cole sid consennal geal *sbneiatins tad iad *feqeney and ‘rvclengh conver le Vole 1 Datong Station ond Rashes (Genrl nformation i tae of serio (a) Rao dineion-adngaionm, (3) Radatescon. (0) QTG Sere and clibraton ston, (G) Radar stra {c} Code and Regulations (0 Diagram for bing baconnergecy Volume I~ Meter! Secs a) Meteor! rvs and code. (bento Sai and wrens conversion ales, Volune1V = Meter Stations Lis of ecm Observation Stns, Volune YR Tine Sint, Standard Fregeey Sas, Stomard Ties odio Nvignional Wari ad Peston fo Sens 6 ine ine yr ni ar ch mi {Zane Tes eres ps, able of Sandard Ties ke iret ‘ure t ln cone ping Sane! Tine (¢) Radi tae signal (c) Standard Preguncy Series (Radio naga warigsGoehing ce Rept) eer infra: hin and Sele of eee (e) Pasion Sain ssers: Lora, Cons, Des 6) Time soe act soto of Nilay Rao Statins The sins of mabe 6 te Now £999 fe Con Stations (WoL. DF Seaton st tt Fog Signal an Radobeacn (Vol. ‘Tne Sau (VoL) Water Balti nd Storm Waris (Vol 1, " Nedeaond Warning and Ie Repo (VL V) Sena Feqcney Sere (¥t The numberof tocar a nium ote svi eee, while the sxe dient he rae tapout te a foray para si. “Thos whe Seo she Cape Rite Cat Rado Statin, tyes Cie ee ‘BE Station, ans a Cape Race Radiat, ste Cae Race Rao Weather Mesmre Sret sn 0 Cpe Race Natl Wa Sia ‘Staton: Cape ace itr ner tne age nor Sand Pequery Bit, het ere vo Stat jo SpeNew Hts and Corecions—Each slum, a ane publation, is pro= dace party and scone ys supplement ich eras eretons {Seed beeen oe dato te solutes rapes and the dt he Soe te ae snnmnning He pb Conretonr all th snore peste in Seton VI ofthe Wey spe Eso of ony Nice ta Maier important eorciare ‘Senger are sadn Seton a thee doe: Coren Roto sl eaten by en of «manor tothe vot eon ofS Nao whee coment by manner nero 2 etn sel ie ead a suc mae re ete ye ‘aplenty se fener "Spt Sie Ss are supid ak two copies of Wome, and V a gf Gus I and The sec bing fr the wie he ‘Srna epumert. ecm soy of Volare Hab upped to Spe in whieh aque Metoolgie er bore, Naso Rove Noo "Ths boo, the fl tle of which & Noth Bwopeor anf Meira Raat ns cotin deo i aren anger nai fies nd rots (th he pcan aking the 0 be flowed thongh and ‘tween sch areas Tex chor ich sow tee etl ae alo faded. "Te Dok fom pate ofthe ct of iat! pblonon nd pied tosis ears he hr ft forthe appropri ates red by St. ‘t's normaly contd fms Secon TV of Aaaraty Noi to Marne st gent menos eed by tree, nore to maa the segue Tambien foun tat fon he promoted by Navan wi be epee n Seon TV sh appa fe Tet Weely Eton of Feces wo Mariners tha hat fuente! the Book sot the Cate pote "Tisha il be bls ns ining atin pt "Phe bored oshipdn which said Navan Der ee eur ofthe clea urate meal ure, Char at lad Ph ‘how mc dead cvent for ferent prs of the wa ‘och tefl inform inte whch wl ot he four nthe Sing Det since the ater re once mil ih cosa Wat saver Pus "Admizly Dioner Te te pbk in fie wlunes covering the wo and pve te dns nviile tances, io aul les, beech anes St Fe paige plowing aot 288 abot gp ott he meal Fn ome snd ino sections a aoa the Ky chat in he hak cee oak voaed ed onthe hey or is camem pat mt hee 3 SNane when he fiance eee! ten pcos omg mc ofa the dtc fom Despre Cromarty srl be Fd that Bevonost es Seen A snd Cromarty hes Seton © "The soem prt brueen Seto Asn wil be four tole Dove ‘rom the ines, Dover appar pas 8 Therefore Pmt 9 Cry “Tom Penrcaross Desi of Tie a Tidal Senms Tables, and other tk pubcatons te ven Chapter This hook pid wih the navigation putin, al He ose dese n Caper A hee pablitions ae tinted nthe Harpe Sapp Hard (52). ‘They inde. Ade and Astnth Tale, Nava and Air Almanac, ‘Antonomiel Navigainn Table, ss Ath Digan he S's Lo (S238 4. The Nevpting Ofer it have clage of the Ships Lag (Be0), and ithe One fthe Watch wh rae enc ny alee ‘enka the Ofer he Wath nd suoctnne bythe Capa, The login cen wey wich expr monthly co be ht in cover (ggstay the peed eo Hey ibe Sedge Semper hfe ho, hei a ig tan deer tot meee The ‘mpl Ing then te Rpt in ove S208 ch coma ele monthly lig ima he dra for ptosis Adninatne Aah tue ites Corped sips tape are tobe tananial othe Head ‘the Record Of, Admin face of taco on the epton of te Sam fom the i sip og a the Series ‘pete lng fora short sn page Bs on pages 54 and 5, Irattons fr cmplting the hip arepee in O Rend A exes from which ae sept nae the cover, together With arouses ssetcorlei aber Se ae Qe ins ont iy mia4° CHAPTER ADMIRALTY CHARTS AND PUBLICATIONS p PUBLICATIONS s | ' z _Fannie Vis LS. ane ung tt kp ude the persion of he Oe af the Watch ne eal the i’ ping hou or ea ny ai Ta sl dea ge se rons th fog The st fee with i cent wy cam by fats vol FH oF mged by HS. Fea ede wtnons of ilerent thd of ings set neha of cing da 6S ca vee vied for referee wo he sin el ween veo the Secreto te Adiay (Sea Law Ban) ha i thule te plese shown inthe Fry cars, whith or ae Pe Png Fes of Wate Fah, a sae ag etd in B08 spine and tno pes och etl informa ew an concn tds Sting Tp of SEER ab conan + capt on wie. pant oF Desaios ‘nacom oF Onenemioss vor Deaios (8748 aan eri of hese fore ae comand ia Caper 1 orcs Romi (Sat; 8459 Nowmaly the Navipting Of ~,r0 quid Nevnaing Oe ie hema Neen the pge and, et 9 the enone og, er Pima Pap of Pst sof Se se ee vay ki pager for mh tase oom Sash 2 B54 set ian cmp a Voter for Paynes of tlre 21) ered an aced othe pa, he to gh che tes Sonn jan the eat pens etocen wich he stip woe ote Fr ete das cncesing paz soe Chaps Toma po, tsk Beh and fregn thers fo dak and bone gr Sh si me ere sae Spec ee a Be | 2 Se regent mar opt i ee let wish the mdi cf permanent closodin spaces bow the uppst deck ‘thee ecb scene Ree Seis et a eg pe a ee i ee SUL he moe ee nip ae tie ore cr sterner eaten ere ae eae ' pKa (Tare pyre ger na ete SECURE is Soe manny ss ean eel oy pc ter crow reno ns Hnked wae, Legs he ge Sey ie eee hy Seater moe al, on hee ‘port of registry, " oe sonnel a ba fe ems SSE a a ees (Gta nna ey oped she (Centificate. The slip is worded as follows: es Rinne (3 Rees et ge mt beta 0 Fon frame of page (in Regd ne nage ot lor ee hh he Se Cal Panage tough Carts ‘Spel ue ae ppd wc song onage orcad he oct ing the log “ ae 1 ute ea uy orien nit lege wen ping ohh a" wie eects gerne See ante eapiatecn tia Sainte eee (ote oeactctocgar mapasRevorr or Tune aso Masons Tes (S347? Tilsen o oan thence dt to cmplete Farm S34, at ‘cre eut within 8 mont o's she being ere ¢ Ove ony ofthis frm ft be rset he Ship's Bod, one copy inte wig Data Book and Ure cape sto be oranda othe Nena For sal hip, only on veel of ah ened ery an he wae Te Adie wil imequenl pmaenc one copy of su Form Sy) techs ‘en 0 be reaed in the Shp Bos oe mer sa nf ee Navaarise Orce’s Wonsso0s (5.248): Notemox 5.48) ‘hers of all abyereations an tluaionsconecod ny way with the nivpton ofthe hip ant kop ink (S48) as alan ‘earng and other intron conned with uigaion arene ome 'S54HA. These books are toe canine bythe Capt nhcacer Kesey ae Socal for them and may be demanded an ated ingy te ae age ssn hy the ship. When the Navignting Ofer persed Se ‘ould setsn is Sys unt umpson of he Advanced Cou be ‘depose of his 848A a he thinks Il, bomevc, 2 ap tapi of eke ‘eat of callson or daage mate the recrnt Sgg8A/snl he need to the Secretary of the Aiey (Ne Bram Namcariosat Dara Book! In ode hat the resus of the perormance of ship under conde of wind and westarnhich ar uid none comton ony bea ete ‘8, 4 manoacpe Nagata Dats Book to be het bythe Navoneng Officer and iso cantante following intonation (6) Dimensions ond Fonae AI deals of length Death, eight and tonnage fom ship's bok Note wich tage Pure shoud be guste Io Ptage duce) Heighso ee (6 fon an) forthe sso des frm wg ma hel ‘Tecng of eo seraon (hom aren) of shi's ster (pact imports n hy wath pd propels Denne Ft Nain rr wt ste and we Distances at which buoys are tant mth bse of jah Cet ‘Shuiow dingam) (0) chr nd Caer Desai of eae, wiht, capac and al tts and rnc anchor, table and eles Aerie of grim shuld pve he pon of each sacle within ts ‘bl after each runing =o ait rnaing ere reo wens Speed of weighing ache nits pr sce (6 Tome Tra From Report of Conaci's Turning Tri oF of Skip's Tuning “Tals he flowing shoul be prepared “Tle andor graph for taking sation fom the bow. (Fey for tse on «PL should na be prepared) "TS te Ge Reis nd Amin Parton | | | | Lesing Ground Diagram ‘Arson of wha fr aes oe. Staring snd op (8) Reataion Toler nd Pal Per Tri Tables andlor graphs fr eng teveon fr oped afer various eos on of dick Al giteinforation oo engine even fr ped when various st ae sop oie (Fut OW Capcity ond Conan Data (OF eat ul be Sted om the Rais Oe nd ould nce Cone tm per ho ped Miles eogefpcd swing © wl percep of fl remaining (© Shiphanding Characters Geter oberon rom expen. Standard dance ch rede peed, stop and go tra when ‘ppteaching an mcrae, buoy or ane beh, ‘EAbas of wit merino tend a mer, ‘Strage wy a tii sow spat. ‘rot of ay for sarin Seton free win Record of ticky behing, thst fo each pre Resin (© ere piece ‘borat of ietcton ‘Metod of spreathing he eas poson, Diagram ofp epeuebmers pos nse sale as ATP 16 for Fas) Dishes tay maine for eon ig. (0) Compan Denso toed Record of ech ng (nage) (0 Ste Sander Beste ot fing (@) Bovom Lag ad 1.8L, Taber Table of eo of the lp nd all atric tbe calteasin (0 DG. Ege ont Reig | ‘Toincode record ad report of ah egg wiping nt depen. (7) Nacipato Ligh ~ Type and Petit “ornlde Pater sero tbr the stron fl mai ad tatery ihe a the. (0) Ratio ide [sof al equipment fu (© Staring Egupment ond Porto: Ores fr Stari Braccemt Pair er ech log(cg at costal oat Width of catamarans for berthing a carrer port side t. = oy Sct ty ae eae = os This book may be euied fr exnation by Cour Marin the eae of tos, stranding or Rardng of «sip Ito be produced a iapcton Uatnfeced to sseive Navignting Offer: ard on paying of be ded the Supericendent a he Ducyard for safe hcp te hip ‘Boor Poors: Fou (76) Thee forms at suppl in pad: Each form cons leo spider wwe af voiech duaner (ame ae Type apt PIP) oe ee pales he Pio of thi cpa. arom oF Grouse om Corso (8232) apf Frm be ee af al ls nd poundag oon eal cise proeeings sania, hy sre tbe reader flo mete "Sia Qu Rear nl Any Iain ee ee teen eee vigil vo be completed and forwarded bythe Consmanding OFero: "Treaury Socio, 35 Old Queen Stet London, 5... Copy to ores ‘Adminsrative Authority for wasminon trough Comune dn-Chit te Adria Tn theese of grounting: A copy of he relevant poron af he chat i alo rue. he pt ae aed by age, soul be marked on the cart, ing ae he acing abou contain a ch ofthe cent esate se wl enable it tobe li accra ver he cha aes, kato the ae erin ine tnd the dts ecm to eerie sparta py och ee 39) ‘Soul i mae op the acing Tracing paper i supped the vl enelope Hts. The acing shoul he rend siete eo Bavore1o-nit Cour wy Nawcarns Onrces (555) nthe even of Cat Marl srting fom oy sting or Mazading of ship the Coot wil dv ne more ewvigaing ser compet ers ‘of hp preset to wack up the ship's pono ad ender arpa! th oon Ranio Nasearionas. Aros Rerorr Fons (43) ‘hie orm, pled wih the raisons publication wed for forwarding ‘spon, a ofdered, on the peformance of the various ado agli fied nthe si, "Tag oF Mase Hees “This conden bok conti vats dimensions o Bits nd Common wreath warhipe. It ld normaly be stained by the Navining Offer, ‘hac it may be veal scone a2 Maxx of Sevan, Vos II IL avo Manns of Navoarion, Vou IY ‘The Nviwing Ofer should make himself throughly acquit wth hee toa hich tsa rma the evi fh ner vari condone, {he ets of rads and propels, the ating th lodgers entering nd eting abou serng rangement Rarupssionnr Ar Sea (ATE 16) Ths honk srs at 4 ger gid in ll mater sling io reperisrent of ships at aca dence various thar tgeber wal the type of Beat Invaed ad ip ica remeron manseing a handing spe diag HYDROGRAPHIC REPORTS BY NAVIGATING OFFICERS: Forms “he particule of al information obtained whi ay afc chars and other ‘vigil pabizaton arto he forwarded tthe Hyeopaper on Hy. sophie Net (Hoa) A dope of this together wih oy of any ting ea Os Retail aly Tarante shuld be sett the Cammmander inhi of the Staton. A prelimi {pos of urgent infront tobe ade by sig ote Adora an secutively, taring on the rat January each year. A modiiog version of this ‘Sem rue by the Meanie Marne and eho on-val autores General Remarks very oppor stow Bett to ota afraton whi maybe of ae to the Hydropaphic Department forthe corto of hans her Pubcon Ships ca ao be of eres stance in pang resumes by septing the adequacy or wero of exting care at ans abd the eed lo Te Surveyor serrate inthe light af ne developmen sad pombe fie senay. The mano the spots eo «beter pn fo ade se mate thn Ge Hydemrapiee Inthe connection the news al requirement of ‘oor sues an pits eof ret mens A hor ltr ring the {enone for suey or recy for the prone witdeaal of cee ‘har or pln the autor an pale # pny 1 3 sng in mid Sh aay eon ae pa ean nan, or a ret an truented ple, forma trope port wth he Repro Pocesingn ssl coin all ere ch ‘Buy be of iar to the Hyropraphr and which beat fe fede in report on For Hos. Acopyrto ie wrt Get the HySwiien ‘Ors rendeig Hyéographie Noes sl be sided by the ctione ‘atuned in Farm Hox and bythe evant wis in Que and ds To ‘Wisin, the flow points snd be etd (0) The Admit chart an nsigitinalpubition shouldbe compared enrantiy wt theconion found sual toe, (0) Inferaton, to eo ale, be a pres and op-o-e 06 Poste. However, ship shuld not estate fore nfrmaton avoid hed bys lmer dete of acura, provide that fall ‘del of te eto by which bas been bed gen The date ff he information shoul invariably be stn, {9 The amunto sll information which canbe supped wil gery be preset when sts vst unlequented piace Cofino ner sendy appeatng in the Sang Daa vty seep (The volume nd page ofthe Saline Diced say be geo, toon when sme orem made pute he boo, [atau when ifomnason enrely new and anne be ned we sy heading peng on the eran page (9 The minbet ofthe lets car tested sould leave quoted ‘When any chart i opeicalymemfoned nthe rp, the it he {neo narbe of hc an Sil eran stom the oops (Trae comer snd teanes ave nly (2) When photographs, etches, tracings, are neni they shold be include a enclones, (Se a Sus i Pworocns, page 67 (Reports should be frwarce om seperate sets ad armed tht thetabjec-mater proper sch othe munbeed sc an be Wed separ, 1) When information is supplied which leads to the cretion of an Ay cae o pla of place infor water wos ene nized hyeoapic authors exis ret wl tbe pve nthe that arto pan, tthe sip oro upping the norton, tecane reference to he nin sub ancrned i alae made efore che con ke, 0) Siose the valu ofthe nisi wil depend precip 0 the fates to which it can be ued for the inpronement of Hydrographic Pulieaion, afte shold ake cre thet all ojece qotee whe fig pears for ethr puro of rere, ve weogee ‘ith ence up he hr. (4) When edsing operons or bldg wath euch ss tst on re Water, hare, docks sed resamaog ne dnb 9 cad tinsion shuld be made been work completed, woo in pres, tnd. work prjeced An sppeasinate tat for ike sample ‘fhe or poet wd able Taformaton not required (a) Hema be sured that the Hydrographic Department ofthe Adil isin paseion of compete vets uf the neat errs of shart Sng acts yf ot Tings acca, there se (0) Informaticn about navigational site in fosgn waters i aot stl accepted witht pio reese tthe Hydrographic Office of the couity cerned ates ffs cor ger e reid pon fo pbk motion Fal changes of any naviatanal interes fo thie own Nove to Marne, Copies of which ave received bythe Hydeorapie Deport ofthe Ady (6) Conimaton of publsbed repre of iegulstce in radio silo moe required. Information for Charts and ‘Siting Directions’ epson nee fy shoal ot dang doe, any foe pon which veal hs track rounded shuld be teil pret, 15 five bern ens angles between weld jee an eet "ie bearing oon of thse objets sal Ye giv Thelen pth shld be sine whenever pose and, there hl water, the ate he btn (Se OR end a1)Soundings az to be ede the evel af the a of the Adenia char {Ss tin wet ut be gen Th arder tt the igSorapber ean make we of chon forwarded fo sign the flowing pins shoul be noted (o) Mack he trae each ime i tied by dang in song the ‘ved eg ofthe wae cre ig theo ofa he we pos (@) Nomber the andr te me (c) Ise she econ depth I peak soundings {@ Or canpetan of smuniog, and before rl up the pipe, dase in ‘Be ora ts and tere ne andy the pape prefer in 1h igh ‘Th wil enure that when the te fen the fs ll (p) Mar eonepicuuly all change of pase. {6 tae he mate and eye of Ehsounding machine and "Ad entra) fest for rene (Screwed) enh ‘Speed at ns 4 fce.sanding en ‘Al mak the gration of the wale at conveien ite (qf ecmmended tt a odelble peel or bal-pted en should te ued forall wing on the scho-scundig tx For further dels of the shove, 1 the remake on Echo Sounding in capt VI Epis hate that more cen san fsck ems Sw ps srt E'S, acing orang o taproag te tacos poe Sat Haraoen Wonts aso Port Inrnwaion ‘Whe reference eae to pier whan the dept a he ote en ant lenge the mas impo Remsfintrtion hat an be ives ahoug WWinennone teeta "The length and baring of ay extension abou he given in sch x way shat they ean be plated with a get procion a the we ofthe chart front "Tit prin fay vow light on tes shoulé be ated vay sa the femora (Gr erinatcs of ny light charted he pe or brewster before exten ‘hocld be meninoe ‘nfrmation in Admiay publications on mers auch a dats, cane patent ip ad fle for repas; supe of cal oi, ter ad soe Kime, weber, del gl, aod po, sould be chee for sone ot Where dodged chan ext the dite of te Ist edging and the eps tied shoul Be nots Loo, Prstiearons Many prs, even thor of cond mpetnce,pbsh pide hook com ‘rout. Opprtnity shold taken, wen Sevan peri fering ‘nd chart if he pistons spp to cman weal ei ht sey [povided ty the Hycroprapic Depmrnant copy abide iladed ih ‘he Capa report Care sould fe tten to ob the date a uel fhe aera nthe bony if hve ae aot pen. On te cha ple fe ‘hea bon import re wets the das or bps sl song, {he se andthe rae Noth ae gem snd then to ek he to BH them thay ae oe gen ™ “A Port Otoer someine hs lgesale manasrip plan of the hacbour and approaches, which sett his own eslagemert of he pan pushes by the goerment. ‘The vale of such plan ean, however, be jue oly by ‘Sempuaon withthe Adirah "Town plane are rt general of impartanc, bu her sl he coed cc fornarte fhe chat shown by tan teed acne forte erage ther mater of ugar Cossacvoes Oners CObjecss which ave akeady not an the cart or desi in the Sang incon cotspicus shoud vay Be obeved for ay change in thet that may have acura; andthe promo rst of aything hat hy ete ‘hem of dere fom thet value a0 mark soul Bente In may pre of the mold charts ae sll bed ow surveys made soar ine apa foi should be rermemtered that corpcuna objec are pray tale ‘hange ‘Ay conspicuous or radar-conipicoour obec which et preset showy sacics Menon mre. sald sed iy poe shape, clor an ae ar apropris), 40 tee tae potions shoul be ‘Stem wh ference to abject tar re san onthe char ‘Whe eck are devi or inetd acpi carte vale realy xhancel if they ae scempaned by endings oe by 1 fe of te eee Seat Sep, reed wo hat data nots ao Panos When reports ae made on = dnrepancy in the sharing of channel, page between nds and when infos i upped aoa one sore Snipa stra or sbut sme nan in wh mates ery er shoul e mad {© dain a connection y angio beating betes the wo Sire he sheet of wach a camection may fae een the seal ease of he dhepeney ‘oe try tei ey mag ope we hr spl Poses Otros for postions of Heleknown acs ae abe neoomed ‘spedaly ifthe poring acer tou get to Wien te char pean, Fr dette of stronomss sera thould beaver n ne a ‘alue maybe ated. When prota he potion ald be Khe ih ‘ec eatigieatin vim potion, Cae soa aay eventand doubtful sands, notin the lest depth where appropriate. Cart ‘amit af auch ste oF the grate importance, a the genta mere rita or he sna the puto the Ada ‘he foraouacy and empleo ination, ener sch ot ection rahe ne of he wether a ihe should deer fly i hy ee ily behave fa ny nec 9 the Tt cannot be empha 00 stony tht, i geet the nly tecie| ‘or oo ureral ware all, Ocers should take pine amc de precie Heeler of any ex nv mmes tha re repro. ad et Se ‘ould be taken w a the cnet sendeing of eave tes Gene igh are svcre o have chaste ire rm hose decried in ‘the Lt of Ligh svamended iy he ste Notes to Mair eer ceo ‘ld be a to certs aly whee the aerate ae rman ‘To. ena Oberstos of idl areas soul he abun wbeneer pons Int coer dsrpon enn be rence cnt be tien svn any aipy ‘Eitri m the wt othe eed and sirens. generale tral ov the cccion ofthe sen ey neg "wean “ete athe shang of scan shld ava be sete to high wae, for intone "the nr pg sam eno bree high ter, When he fmf oc igh wae ot Know the un of the sean sha be eed igh weer the meter pre fr hich prions ae given inthe Tie comers Torey sha ull ate may be sin fo information om ete, ‘ample, pe of wero hur, ay vy codes bth in eton nd srengths Whatever the iter Between sgh may ave the ‘ert, when ued by the Meteorol OF are cnveted to en Sour our slug a te loted ss mest portion Between the observed pions ‘Should the veel ate sere course between ght a conser ror may be introduced y mcuing tht this mean pao ies midway bette the tare potions I's near, thereto, tht the ea poston shold "Ses Osi Sal Pin alas be obtained by estimation for half the time tit is capa etmeen he Te the fllowing deta are ave ty shld invari be ise Paki between which erent at experince Nain poutan fewer Shere, Dirction Ce) st an fae 0 's important no nly for the adinary purpose of tavtinn,hit ao forthe hea ofthe er cheng nt sch cea ca ony ie secured is stir mre scrote fos, Toe ope ros, expec the Ices meres vara chan specs vith asl aie f positon ee ao OR. and) The prea seein Chap 1S, Reports sould he made of anv ineauatin i radi sgt te vt steady been anounced, Any ao ilo at ye ue forte “Mima i of Rao Sil hale forwarded. Wraeton are aered to hve carters ising bn tase sen in the dmealy Lit of Rati Sgn, ended bythe Uae Sone Marines erdestou shold be made osucerain ly wether tse ne permanent ‘Shy, the permanence of any changes aero ip the tne a ape sf ‘ean eater li an tem wating, naval i Waris rime niga, soul he vn Information shoul be applied concanng th ine Bee el i tiers fiom that given nthe nea ein Hf he ine Zane Chat (Soy 1.080), inthe mos receypublsied ARS. (Vol Vor the Nate Klan Omer. Semeve fics who under any orignal nrvey which nye sed ier fr the practi of» pan or the sre fon ein plat cha, st {eferwthe Adiraly Maa of Hydra Secon an ote dma Mona of Tae Serres aso Puorocnans uration: derived fom sketches snd photographs form vey sll asjune to the Sarg Devt, aod every appara os he kecig wo ther The exiting views othe Saling Diet, chats Be Chine! for pote inprnemests for example the aiion of & npn oj ‘Cay sg sketch wil be of sac valve t the Hyckoprapher than 2 “Sitch and photograph of maviainl interes may be divided bony (0) Gere views of» cont or acho, showing the pina charted fete, Tose eae the maine, en mak and 0 aprons, thc ancoge,oleuy h fsres re ey th eh Be done Fem tn Soin (0) View ng ning ma, (G} Nethese phere opel ooo caret iy edie em In the exe of (0) ad smtine nthe ene of (2) an photornh wl haretne un sso il ay pre a Uc eared us slits Even hen ned te pono ap wil vl gequie tenes rer tpi she deed on Sean earn Thi can be doe actly ey y the man 0 he a ‘Three tei ins snr pon on three occa, ce y his ‘eign ouine seh sade's the inet Psoarph meh ‘Reeth pucgroph my be al forthe parrot iprsng “an die Sich ote nodes span phtgrph themes er dawiptins oe composes sec town can convene be aged yun thet, and ca tee be ached tthe porn The (tach one ewe le me ewe ig he a Tomales the ov of sje sold be upper sre; ‘oul dove watson ceca there ayaa, sch a ety inbefrgoand ‘When uti slsch ts en made the ame can be need op the stomp ets bt when thst done ened pt witout mame, hold Eied “Aas, nse repr and oo sh phtorph or eth ih he xe penton om the Fhxgraph ashe he etch ae Stee nnd photgephe forwarded ith view to repredocon sould neve be gue pe to the pgs of topo but oul be nace a eweope nich Sand eae erly tthe ep 4 NAVIGATIONAL FORMS, ® NAVIGATIONAL FORMS Cosma oF Soa. Exvadone Hy ax0 Hay8 ‘ne of the supe wit thew of Nevin Polnton an entsne stow a of he long a | Mdrematie No Siete ear or parsers “Sle ei tarde Sseaio OR ot A Ud wine 1488 | Raordatetn atin | “in Hyaragapie Neto reports | | | ee oe ce eae ee (eet cee tae = Riceweyenns Fito | Sip Ne ear dp Tee a ae ave sual rn a ico teenseCHAPTER UL The Ship’s Position and Track ~ DEFINING AND PLOTTING A POSITION When 4 pin i eerie by ty co the ct ye te ain tos 1. Plc an gel the par! rate lng parle of ait ad ave the lr wl mw ge puss teaugh te nti of the futon, at Inictedon ans stechar, Wt tb diem sn thediane, Mike top or atin of the hay fom he mires mete Tote eye! ng ly hl fr hese nen‘ the Tide ston bythe alr, Manne once herr sn be pc erat the tad and the ge my Be make! perl Ssh the lhe pall or Fess Lai 990 Loses of & Cue Po ‘he tai of ans potion ie determined ther by ining the ier 0 ncn he tne ofthe po fer he sear pralel or by refering to thence the se of th oaths the ar or Tb gtd eae ses’ (Thc mos hat he eight fe tte Keene es) andthe des es) fed ft pra rar tal be {he be i of fa his pin, makin crn at I inthe snes ‘Ban 45" Jom te libs To Taneren 4 Pesos rom ove Cust To ANoxia ‘Whenever pil, ton sole rad rom one char seater ‘ny henge ms singing ere com ob, uch ae pane andr» band nt by lta and log, te gradations of ‘sich may cro the chars ing toon Bang eect on Tree nol ee rt sonnel dts hen ee: (Se sl page 3) Position by Observation In onder thatthe nvr may be nr that he flowing is pre-dsrie ‘une tb ncn fo hin to aarti he Pot om ane ine Tie [en by serving dma ae heavenly bois an, fumes ‘Shsning wn ae nw meson ee ’A potion line ant lie, Sys onthe cha, on whith the ships peiton ‘stu omy bear meted ine. The tos af oii 1 pation ie ae det the nest caper The sop fore ef potion ine the ine of beng obtsned 6 tere bjt the poston hi bow, ‘oppose, for caro tha iphone (Lo Fig 26) sen to ber 6 so Aine dren bogh nthe ren of th eo be 35 _Arsownaars os Postrns Lists [A patton tine obtained from a ewig of tres oj, inal by smelting, DE bag inate me * A pectin ie bined from an stronemic observation o rr the ange of real oiet Singuihed by «sig ee ath ee A sonton line tht in manforad Gre Chapter TV, dito by 2 obser at ok es 1 two prion line can be obtined a approximately the same moment the piton af he tip mst be thir pot of teres, whi he oly {it conman tte wo line A pton tos esned ile 98x and ‘Simportn to emember hat he em Rapid oly to psn ond Dy olereaos of terial bets, regu of wheter he bertion ere ‘ade val or y mcs offal atta a It sw othe hat ‘ta dat srrunded by cele with the ine Meade e108 “The Se dace rhein heat caper“Tor Omen Posmow 1 ie dviable to dings betecn the potion obtained by servation fers jen and tha stsined by curation of evel bases. For ‘bis reson the pins sere by the pi of interaction of wo fion lies Gre from monomers rds rm a umber ich pation line known san “ncrved prion’ and marked “Oba Te own onthe chre ma dnt srutded by a dee, wit Obs the Se Aone hats Obs 108, Position by Calculation ‘When itt not pole to tin the sips actu ption by obsevatans, a ‘ewe pone canbe wosked up (rom he bt ered atom see uso Recxowe (D:R) This expen Hed 0 cove all pois tat ae obtained fom the ours ate be the ship an her sed rh theaters eo er {Bros The BR poston i hrelere only approxi postin” ete rn recoded Ey an moma Bloating macone when rsning og (Gis mmcne cored by the sips syncope andthe log the ler ng te abi peed through the water) "Tae Di penton sown onthe chart ot aml crs with the Sine slong’ tues | 020. Emvaren Poors (EP) "This poston i the nt acuta he avgno can aenn by cation and ertvaton oy Ie the poston dived ean the DR poston aise forthe enim este of wid ace, cuvette ee bt emsna an sppronnste poison, bees the exc farce om the sh Cue ad speedo thee variable face eanot ually be ced. “The EP, shown onthe carta dat sruunde Bye ing, with the time sos thu 5 20 Semmary of Positions on the Chart | Fi thesis ion fund fom eb obra Shine ether ial by 2 aio novia "Foe Oberaed Poon i be ship pti found fom rhibe gh hearely ted se eapted fa Vue TE “The Dawd fsckoniag Psion he p's pation eeaned by peting on ftom telat Bi ov eeeved potion the pend ade gon rouge the wer tong the coune seed by emmpa” RR Re ea a i ‘The Eine Poston i the ba eta ofthe ips poton worked up {rom the nf ood postin an fun by alow fees know feo that ay have ase ue movements TAKING COURSES FROM THE CHART “Te cure fom one pice to ater onthe chante determine by pacing an te the pr ler sacha oon tha pases ev het ples, then moving the rler so tat one se pace ouch he cee oft ares compu fue ter 3 tae ora none couse ca en be Sto from the emp vo. Te good plant note te cre read the ‘mans ou ad (ake «mean rating f here ay deter cca a eae loa ma oe rhe ang of sanon ss pane in Chapter ‘Cours and tering soul! sway be fered othe compas foe eee the ships pestiom ecu om sme hatte ain wil Siler apps ‘nh the pin of each copa Plowing the Ships Track "To Kear te Racxone Toa Warns a To Fo 1 Tc Ping he ship's tack fm pte s nid out ia to eps 1, By plating he ure ered an he ped made ond hough the ae, thes ating athe end elon panne OMe By pling on om he en eh potion che ef: eure (8) team, (i) wind and ea, ther tan th ey conse i the speed made sod thro ie wnt, hs asiving the eine poston "efor desing the nal bting om the chat it ees 6 exaie| tte aie aos aren Infration jr ee ‘Poston the pla ll then be cee where hae teed her seal of Sie. “Toctvinte the addon paige usestion i prsie which aes sada dstance i Cnsderson I ote he nee Ps the time take to cne he sda ins atte gal sped, eat foal beaded the ne ot hel one? tot so ich tenth hip tobe ped om om a he rid speed ‘Ml sabacguem postion can bead sae he ne tre and ke from he pn Bh ine teal biel font wateFrom theres of wring Wale of any ip, ables an be contracted 1 sire the intermedia surreal dance ie cretion fray arton Pfr dierent nce a or Seren rar anes ine sasha ing 2" udder “his ale wed the pine io Figg pl oj ay sande om Avand he costed tne o aval a Be o-Ps at ns red. 2. Dita t New Come Wt etd ste forthe tm shown in Fig 35 the hip ploting on her te cote fom the poit Cr mkoe the ew aurea eth the ‘rin core produce though im fac he pte er hel or tan efor and sean onthe new cues ot Tee time taken te the tance CB a he sgn! ype ie brad ‘oom the tne cretion previa’ excel, ten thet favo te Smapnry pst Ci taped. Th casio eet se Hie Correction, which aan raed tothe te of wel st st the tip fst eae my Ke patel on fm Cac ernie epee sk is cat ‘hat he ship dee nein at pss hough the post Co al “The falling i an example of 4"Saance to new a’ ble const Jor traversed #5 hon tga ae & co | om | tS 1 tic ble ied the pin Cin Fig 36 plato nyo ards aang the iia eure 20" and he te of al ti napa pos ojo) (et scconds eng fgnored) “Tinta hs: (9 headstone nes oy fan ieee (0) dace tobe plated slang te erga cour, (i) ime cretion to be adel othe ie of wheel ove inorder to ha the cose te he pin (bythe dinate that canst be uel or aeration of eure once 5" ers, bce beyond is poi he tance ro now couse bees 14 Drain the Tarsing Cel th Compass “This meth, shown in Fig. 6 tw astra ter methods, but my te asl a appro. ‘Sethe comput Ral thecal diameter nd cueing by ee the pin 2 li ans of te pt wht th wa oe Ic ‘ide with entre Draw the ne course Car angen t thi ce, tad Ste the aa tie he ship ea he av4 Phtig the Missa fhe are Note the miine ofthe trap plot the ship lng te erga! corse wt his ie Plt her Sure fom thi pt This metho, ssn in Fi 5, gs cloe approximation an! the la of speed ic pay slowed Ios but shold bot heed hen fe sae eeu 4 Phting the dooce nd Tran “This mth of pling cap bese io Bg 3. he Fi Seon the reer of frig el These of seta the tie hea (he ps the sae tine seston for Itemedist Coe snd Diane 6, Ung Person Cat vot the Trang Cire “This mth hr he dadeantage of equiing aloe mune of prouactns for vavon pede ser angle, wae ple Coston for Change of Speed When seed chang ona ssght cute allwance mst be made fo he The tha he ip tc neo gthesgee way rsecr oy he egies thay repo othe enluon ter or isane, inca ata sion of aoa raya pr ot of incest decrease mun be appied tte dane rn (1) whe Med TR det tg wasnt beset Sista abo Recording the Data ‘Whether the dea akong bing ep by hind chy mean of a automatic pong, mporant that sh sum er al sat aed speeds Shout be hep in be auton or 4 ops propa form Tae lepout ths reco wil vay ssdlg tothe mth of nian) Naiating ‘ttc and imate provid shat sft dats are caine to eae Aheetis prin tobe woe up agi shold ay oub ubequry ae Prorvne Cras the sae ofthe nian chat sno suitable fr beep apacarte deal rechoing, 4 ping cre maybe aed Del of ping chats are ta in the Horie Supple Blanc (1. (6) Dh Mathematica Se ae how B38) Tet eprom ine im mites ele the shi ped in kao, [es thes sped om see et gs 0 ule 3 he atne uring ay ie trl cn then be read diet fom eae Bn fig. the ie rle st for a ps speed of 3 bao re. 38 Lait de rule eda Sposa Discs seIn ode to Sr he shi’ sped when the tance ram is wn, st the stan ran oo le B agin the tine interval on sae The hs spend ce then be rend of fam se B ty blow the 60 le (by The Spee Tome Distance She Rae (Patrn Now 1435 and 148) The introns for sha ae given on the back the rls which gives linet eating or pede opt 42 bot fr pis Hemera {dap aon, prove sce for eveting depart int os (6 A Spot Diane Diagram oc Nomogaph x pit onthe raat of Plotng see tam be wed sates ofthe methods memoned shove ~e CHAPTER IV Fixing by Observation of Terrestrial Objects Iss Carr I he mi ning thesis poston by eimstion were serie. For thereon gre, auch spain lle oe, and ‘herfore can tha the atgtor soul btn the p= pntion,whebevee ple, by ebrstine of trestles or svn os, a3 Aso cicle Taking Bean "The siquth cee shown in Fig. 39 espe so thatthe accurte sgn the chee self rn suet, and therefore estat Be The ‘pie principles on wih their signed ach at (pode the objec sce trough the V) the ere Bearing cot be ead eter ot bot he cle ol ir algned 2 att point the sec ine enged {he face of the prism ofthe feng ofthe Desig. be nl ‘edo enable the sximuth ceo be hep haztal wi lig a bing takes bering af an bet ot igh aude, te enn he et the elector saul ented trough the Vag a0 the il tine wel the ceflstion io the eased In on hereto. The eting then ead fr the engraved Inn he pr. Daring th operston cae told be ten Xo hep te ee htt by means ofthe level. etc for Chesing the seing ofthe rte andthe pn wl be ound on age 3,88. CHAPTBK IVFINING BY ONSERVATION OF THRRESTSEAL OBJECTS METHODS OF OBTAINING A POSITION LINE | pation ing, a deed in Chapter I, canbe obtained by 1. a cemp bearing ofan aie tered vl o by ar 2 relate bearing fw bist beer val by ada 5. 4 vee seta ae an it of om big (a range by dance meter, be the ght of he ajc i ans sanding: 1 rls and submarine sound ranging (dese in Chapter), 12 ai pasion fing spate (deri in Chap VI 13 a arrange a eerie in Chapter VD, tate meaning oder in Chater VI) {an asconomi burton a dried in Volume I 1A Compass Bearing Went ome sing of ates eh pin et ene {Beale "ne f bearing ‘Theprinople is deacied In Caper I ‘When a bari ofthe ee ta oj taken, sl tig he righthand edge withthe sol =| andthe end eg wih the ‘bol [= or In hs connection i important mee ta vere ge este Beat bea When sigan eo an that at ve ‘ous be ree tha the wen willy cneopond the dared ee of Enda ean High Water Sponge. cuter “ 2. A Relative Bearing A line of being an abo be obtined by noting the dition ofan, be ‘ate othe con ofthese bead i te lghtouse sora in Fi. 4h aves tbe 6 on the stand (Gran Go) when the ship sewing op" cla hte te berg helightone oo ana line of ear on bean othe char 7 of ote byrne ane rbd in een fame —erPameeereenr METHODS OF OUTAINING A POSITION LINE % 5A Transit. an observer ne to obj in inten be mist be tated mentee ot {alae produce) which nese own in Fig 4. Tha pve an exe prton nc en the datas bern he sme apd the Derr bee ‘Ecmore tam sbot the sth dance beware eect fn ama "Ait sly she by the mba 4A Horizontal Seatant Angle Since alse ubnda bya chord in she sae ent of ile a sa, it floes tha ifthe oberer mesures the houomtal ett angle betwen ‘wo objects he mat le amen these of cae which pee hough then ad obich cna te male over Fa. 42 Peco tne by Horizon Serta Anal 1 Fi. thea betwen the poe andthe chimney as Bsn sneured by sean td ound i be Se A Sg boil a ay be wed one ane sng (or Chagas, . 5A Vertical Sextant Angle of an Object af Known Height be angle subtended tthe obere' ee by veri bjet of ght is tear, the aon of» rghtangied rag wil giv the sere ‘stance fom te tae of he ojos. The potion lie il hen be the eee ferene of scl whose ade thie dtr. “The Danger Angie and Of-Shre Dates Tables (Leck's Table!) eer this tangle by stg the Dei ofthe object and the eerected served angle. "Th tables re died into to fr, se debe Below9 CHAPTER IV—FIXING BY OBSERVATION OF TERRESTRIAL OMJECTS Page I (fr seo th ict sue the aur thro “This covers ight up 0,3 fet an aan tag eT eines ‘ia (a) ee observed ange pr of igh-angle tage: (@) there nether vefaton nr sara of the ae (c) the bighe ofthe acre? cyto! (G) he frre every below the oc Unalythe ror xe by thse amumpins in np when the dsance ‘eenen the ship andthe sree peter than the ance rm these to ‘epi helo the obj. "he etunce found i the Sane of he oj an not hat af the foreshore ‘The obeyed angle must be cree for index ror, and che eight the object mone be amended fr the hg hee CKAMPLE (Sow Fig. 4) A cial sextant ange of ight, ect 195 ft oasis, Index ere Ie Corrected angle ose Par of Lcky's Tabs, eee witha bape of 15 ot and an angle of of 90% ves the dances 278 mee “Te poston ln, therefre, ithe ccumferene ofa cil of ras 2 kes dawe withthe liptee a et = Fr. 3: Pitney Ws Stn Ane Pas (fr ae when th bjt eyo hero). This coves igh up to tSo00 et and dance of rom 9 il ‘Te folowing comectons mone be spied tthe ore sgl (2) the index ero (©) correction for dip, enon page 46 of the tbl, which mat hays ‘Stance oo the absered spies « (9 aconecton for rlsin,ebained by Aiviing the eine dance ‘nvr by tle. The elt f thi vob eve te tetecton erect tmnt wh ant be sabre om the stare Sone (soe Fi, 4) A moana 50 ft ih it bred a a tans of appavinaiel oy i. The era tan oe ten rom tof ‘eof aft ond fl be Index error af the sent Foe. Dip correction ee (es) vor a lo 44 Ponisi tine hy Vet Senta Angle bit eon von Par I of Lacs abl, eee with a eight of setae an ane of ge gt aie the danse aay le 6. A Range by Distance Meter, when the Height ofthe Objet Known ‘This method s bse onthe pil ofthe vera vest sae ‘There are thee spe of distance mater apie HM, ss They are erred in Chapter il, Tho intranets he uel bese mr eevltonSuppose tre lines, All, CD, BF, are dene, ea na ston oye wt ach ess leat Ge, the aps ra nhl Thy He ship edt eo, and tasty sey urate by win rua he wl eee Sine ACE tthe pot lint ae, DP on he te poston ie tows an the"attenedonton liners wil pl nthe pad Paton ine. Iti tingid by tw tro eh ed Te ahp ime y win stra darng tery te pet hough which to dr the postin line ust be determine in wo ope showin Fe 1. Lay ff fom ae poi on the pital pasion fe, the se ad Stance (AD) seamed bythe ship nthe fra 2 From 2, layoff BK, which the recon od dstanse the sip ‘timated t ave Ben a inthe intra by wi anda Te los line inv tele though od tue” a4. Phe ward pion ine ang lam ‘The Use ofa Single Position Line hen two posto lies ete be otsne, 4 angle one may often be of we in Gearing home danger or making histou, Fa sample, separ that the fours ne steed pa aso sd ledhngd ator oko a Fe 8 ‘The tip. seaming Ao cannes the tine st wah the hace Bc Tine taken to rin te Wane A cated, awng for scam, a atthe end of thi tie the hip ers aac to" le thane macer whee the sip aon the engl Poon ie be wl {tim oot the nee poeon tie, BA, whch il led her it hata i, ¢8 The ue of sing piton ine FIXING THE SIP A Bix the posisin obuind By the intention, a aul sgl, 90 ‘moe positon ins rm eet bjs: ales he potion ise eho ft peactealy the name finer one of ore af thew must be red ot detrbed ater “The necemary combination of potion le to give fx my be obined ‘oom te flowng ues 2 bearing a am nae 5) baring sd dtc; 4 Eherng and 3 unc: £ eeengand secon é rom which a dane can be cauaeds Stntind ange forse eet eh ‘otearngs o's singh oj, ith toe neal between meats 9 Be of snl 1 taco maison sd (debe in Chapter VI): 12. bearings of sop ej and imaltneo ta-ire am dsrid in Chapter Vi ef thee mato sve ea wth in etal he elning puns should be sed and bore in mind ear Pig Te itor sol ty al he ts he ig 0 {he bearing of ne coneiconos abject snd then having to lok nba to lect ‘he 2(2 CHAPTER 1 “FIXING HY OBSERVATION OF TERRESTRIAL OBILCIS 1 involve, the cage being obtained by 4 diet rang in evry ee) The flo ine eth crcmferene os ch, the of which te diane Foand by he aster 2. A ange by Rangefinder (the rangefinder x devel n Caper VED) "Dis meh i afl for Sng the dice of nga twp, the Beer ofan sje orn raven era ng 4. A Horizon Range “This metho i most wl oght For Bding the tan fight when t fe penn sve the hin or dg blow the hoon Theisen othe ‘Sip fom the horizon, ad of the ip yond the hr ey be our thee fiom the geographal range tale in he Lat of Ligh or fom Table Ain Lay Tes The ass gsr, be an ei om ‘Beit EXAMPLE SEP LA hr et ele thew hd a he ts dian han fe oth ge ‘what isthe distance of the light? i oe "The geographical range ule give: Rane of horizon fom the Hpk (140 fet igh) 13 57 ile wp mnt hehe of ye 40 fet 36 ake tac tom eg oe ge so. mies he abow example is worked by Lec’ Table A, the din found to be ao mien, bests thie rest ieren allowance er rere 577 pehleaamain (0 tata aa sone MWS” or Chr i) he aot 9 Sounding An approximate potion ine can sometimes be sbsined fom soundings For ‘ample, can been that the esata ine esta spon i en tothe Engh Chane is clely mathe onthe char. Ths, when bunting 1 oo fata stained in thsi, the ship tus ie semewhere oe ths ine Simi, fx pou, wellsdeoed fathom ln is deed and iene, ‘wl ie pnt ie which maybe ed to eat sre danger A good ‘ample of eis pen oo ge 144 “The nature of the btm ashi fund by sounding withthe le, can ‘cio be ated to poe an approximate puto Ine when the dierent aman af desy defn on he chart or expe in the cartel eng tp the River Pty, the "Md Wall indices the fay. On ae de the ‘lnm is ome fund and onthe there of eon to. An Echo ofthe Siren te echo of the ie from lic he Ber sponsible to cle the tinanos of he ei and 0 stan poron lin To 6 intake he searte time ira bwece the emo of the ound and ara ofthe eco, ten the distance info of the ship _ the tine merlin sennds¥ 1130 “eon the it’ : x moe approximately: ‘THE TRANSFERRED POSITION LINE Sonne haem ni fy hat ighthose Duar 03 fram he ipa 160 an tat the po steaming 090% a 8s. Th snformaton i aa abt thee oton a 1607 aw aline ACE in 4314 retin rom he gh. This the pation Ke(94 CHAPTER 1V—PIXING BY OBSERVATION OF TERRESTRIAL ONJECHS Suppose thre ine, aM, CD, fF, te dese, cath in a Sirton ey aah tsi en (the sn nal shy he ship SA the tl all une wind rahe tea Since ACH tthe purty li shoe, RDF mm be the postion Bi 1630, The orl pat ine a fa, bas ttre ne own asthe "atened postin lin sh wll he prll tothe onal Pon ie I tings by se shel enh et te ship ie by wi oe rear ring te oy te ins hi to da heptane mat be determina nt Sp shown in i. 1 Lay of, fo any pitt an th org pti i, th cae isan (48) eae bythe sip er 7 2. From B, hy of BK, which isthe drsinn ad tance the hip ‘Stmated 1 have Bete ae in he itera, hy wind and he son ne pw reset vou ‘The Use of Single Paition Line When evo pain fines cas be sae,» ingle one may often ea ie ning eg mae show or cng apa ht he ure be ered up amr a eed dour eka a Ea "Te stp, meaming 8 sere he ine ihe Heiose ee 80th ine hen ton the Stans 3 Sted ling ft wnt Cn , sd steam, a at teen of ths tie the hip ters aac too" lee that no mater whee heap atom the aril poo ie ta be wl tarmac the vated postion ine, A, which wl led he st aro. Fo, The we fs ilps line FIXING THE SIP | fin the postin bin hy the inkneton, a ale ag ‘more postion ins rom eet sj Unless ae oe I pectly the sae Snes ont oF tore of then me be seed, Sect ie “The neceary combination of ponon Hoe to ie ix may be obtained from he Fling ures Seay and an angles 2 Reng adc 3 CREED tad a sundings enn and orzo ange, rom which dann bx u 5 2 tread an age Scraone set Spi {wo eaingy of ge bet with ine ie betwen barton ne of snd 1 ado ovina as (dese in Caper VD 12 Beageof angle obj and mls u-verse inchaper Vi Bere these mete det wth in deta the flosing point shold Me sedan bore in in ‘fore Ping, "Te ovina shouldnt al he objec hei ing 0 sorted ans sce tay Sond tt char To ‘Seay ome St sh nen hv ktCHAPTER IV—FIXING BY OBSERVATION OF TERRESTRIAL OWECTS eee When thing ers brig, the nares ofthe objets shal ret be wsiten own in the ntook, The bearing should then be sbcred at ql oe ale, care beg ake tht he jc ne Hearing changang met pl Ihe Int objec tobe buersed. When tachoring. honoree nee nerve the tt epi chasing easing rat anna teach eben ‘he oto, The ren fr thin tia te stn reed aka he eae “Te bearings shoal writen saint te memes he scr n teva nda the time of thet. The tne ntl sould be tat ot wha the oat bering wat ebcrved eacepe when anchoring, when sould be tht of oe ft oe ‘The tne, tothe hero minut hol no be nen npn ner onthe cart ales the earings ae an st sintaeoy tis impel a ssafcory ceil if he Sine hearing eRenging reply he at ferourabieChcumstanees ae whe the He jor eaceved tat) aba theeaiod ease, To eid plows rere resommmended tat the person obi the ‘eavinge shoul a pte tem in the honk ad sloth he sar ‘When wing a map compan, cmerbu ta the devin which mst Be ‘seo comet the beni the Sev fr the ton of eis ed ‘the abretn r aken ‘Acuracy ad api nung ar ly bse by practice, and seca thatthe naiguor should make himself oon inthis ear tas ce, for on occ it may beeen! to beeree ad ttre bing eo theft of shot ene ery te, Ccnooase Ones ‘When 2 si's postion i ed by thee bearings the objets chosen shoul if pombe be 0 pled tat thee bering fe by abou 69" The ption line willthen me gd! ct. Wea itis only posible tft byt bern theohjet sled sould be uch tha he feu postin Loe coer macy at Ht anes, Dect the fet of any sal eas in aking the eesrvations slaying them fo the hi et when the angle fet go and gradual tenes ss the ale fr dete ‘A cto es than go" should not be cepted elle i. Fi. 49 shows the diference i postion eed by an ere of $ wha peu awit 207 cat being the err apd B th incre psn (Se abe Ylure HT) Always che objets ear the ship in preference to objects say Bea (any eor inthe being ary objet as ow elton the searaey (O Pik tl potion an sina enor inte eng of an jet fees (0g ik of eagle on x chat are ot sete ahr Hines ‘When ing by thee tern the bate ected shold ot be placed chat pS on he cults ofthe ie png ho ha rin ‘ele te i in al ae re won these na ng unknown compan eon Ths cy shows in Fa 3) Stik shipto isch she ple that he odes were areed squat the bets wed in fag et pation thou be onthe Mabe Sas chanel. 1. leog by Cross Deaings ‘When tine fearing ae obtained fa tw irene bjt a he tae ine, the ships be on Both ns naan. Teroe the inc of eng 22 sabe tale et pts oa atthe pt of ees, e.g. ining by crm earingsSe CHAPTER TY FIXING BY OBSERVATION OF TERRESTRIAL ORIBCTS 00 For example, in Fig 50, samig ht the lige bate of" sa na ‘zoey the choc bre'a5 he hase ie te ah chy th tt omer mt hae tp eo i Tani ero, thi beat Ged “check bean’) shoul sh be tse" bang shou pa tough ar hee the wn ot ease ‘ofthe other wo bevinge. Ia Fig. soa check being af iciease ee “in Co Hor hn te hg ee + ig hp hi the intersection of two or more such lines obtained at diferent times will mom ayer i a ue See ate tip mt hp coe SSS sey gh ei, bare ad TE nae am camert e (0) exrin desing the oie, & seri at thing 6) iacurey of oben reli he intaons of te cmpa, {5} ompon co atsown or ne sped {cece tne mera atten seg (Soca aft sry eco At he ket ts rs, he we sdb evil wee tht en it nor @) ld ma grocer thn [an may gener beset nor (sib cal by ge pty of es he sera prety my ig ee cared re being: ory fated magnetic beng 19°M. ‘temoe 5 (2) By esinth of eoeny by 8 explined in Vola () By ring of stot acts "Th ship i ae by hori angles, 1 dowribed bie aod emp exig obeaied of diane obec "Tis cn then be compared th tr Bening than fo the cha (q) By recon! orth omthe sip hse eompae ever hen. (83 By Boston Poca (i true Serbo Cheer VIL) ‘The besng ofthe thre shoe abject ae evn no he prac fd the shige pation pote Then the sunt be Whi te zero of {he presacto edioesay fom te Norton the har te ee Fide compan Inthe sve 9€ 4 magic cra ot il De ‘he achat rum the ation ad he devin nor (cane slated ster by making the bacreations again with bora ie iter By apg the regis unt ech eating and {rte the poston ins previ dete ror (cas Be aged a eerie ia Chapter Titres corn ha the cc hat Bee cmpas ero aloe, andthe tsror tant be serine by ny of the tthe daze he te ced Fit nay te veuced sd te comp ro ound a allows st i wile evident the ror mo ive inte sgn and tough shies be (1) or (he wll be th ame neh pated being Therefore ‘itech potion ie rtd bythe sane amount and i te same deta, {post can be laure hey wi eect." ton ca ually ind opto otc Shek te gl be foun peal ee he400 CHAPTER 1V-—FIXING BY OBSERVATION OF TERRESTRIAL OBJECTS eating of the fret oct St, at thi wl have the peter fect onthe Pin Fi be porto es bv en ote clk fom the cc ht [XYZ wate pin Fath enor ha bot fond tbe Sef Te theory 2 thn i espn in Volume Ti, wheres ore acura bat hy ture ‘nplste et = docrbed) ‘0 eg ad ct be cy yore do Bee sSccin shea cae actin are wo ae poe ‘nding te fouk tee Sure shal Ge taken a Yee ma 2 oe "When tu pet nes ae olsined by radio niga idan pte onaleas chi wil bergen rms knowledge oft sours ations ifthe eqipmene = hse hips pooner nots ed pi tt hi gtr oF & Ban Fis 8 Coss Brann Tt seen in Fp he ship ad the tre chosen objec athe are of these ees thi he tte beings wl eur ts pnt haere the rakes err i andthe chine should no hae Dem Cone when there ‘rasa bean on nay slr bering mach ose the ship 2. Ping by a Rearing and en Angle Te ray appen tht only on ober vnble om the compas, bu acter tlyet ean be seco the ing of the ge The sextant angle subtended “Tole ofa bearing and nal, ether ofthe flowing method can be we (a) Apply the ange tthe observ beacng ad hus bin ee ring of the ther set ot vse fom the cepa. In Fig.l bers ‘ue and he sxtane angle toa church 9 nee the hurch bears ‘HG, a he x om ow be hol by coe beng (0) "Thee the hill dew te ne of ening 00" rm any poi A 00 Uh tine ay ff an engl 4 ote de war te hah hay he wll rls slang the ne Hn abana alert one ope the church ‘he pe mhee the ee the rere he ‘ow of being rm he Ml then the hs pon. Sse; bile pet aa eg ane che dee SG noes ann ote a bone. Fo. s4 Fig by bering and a ceyo CIENPTER 1V—FISING BY ONSHRVATION OF TERRESTHIAL OMECTS 4: Fining by Bearing and a Distance Wh ony oe bj asia, the ship can be ed by » Bearing and a) sage by sangeide or sane meter (as explineom age 91-2), {hha ental oxen angle (eexaied om og 8), {c) 1 hoszon range explain 0a pose ga (Gh eater ge upon in Chapter Uh (6) schon at and sand ipl (or ephne in Chapter). 4 Fisng by Bearing and Sounding (i. 55) On spproing the land, an appriminte pon can be bt, in plier Sher the dap cheng sly aly, by sing a acing ed ound ot ‘ho tame ie Remember at (@alowance mut be made forthe height ofthe tl before comping the rounding it he cha (0) eke will nt he elle anes the fathom ines ae ery ey Seine (e) the il ot be elle ules the fathom ine te exoned nesey plea gt anon 5 Faing by 4 Bescing nd « Horizontal Angle, {com which a Distance can be Calculate “This metho i st sf when the sip ia posing 2 al and hen the mpusbemng of theta exc ego toe and would ve to sl ‘Secre an he bering fone ege Then fom the with ofthe aan, = ‘Bown on the chr ean fom te ship enn be ela EXAMPLE ‘od a tame in th tha ge ere The vant angle ben he tres of ied 7 i is fn Bg 5 fon os “Toind the dicanoe of he ship Sram th ind ies cl he dite "The, sine are = ade the angen ar! 6. Hing by a Transit and an Angle “This isnt 2 by 2 bearing and a ange but since no compa i ed, {The method fecqueny wed gta pnton ‘when sounding 0 ‘are ov doting ey. 17 Fing by Horizontal Sertant Anges "Ths method fer he ship's postin by the neem of 0 oe te ton Une: tose are ound by oberg the horn sexta nes une thes or moe eb Ie is extremely afl fering the ap scaly when mere or st chery an or fing the ship scart ao, when tind hearers ae sai "The advantages of hs method a: (0) e more accurate than a compas, becawe sextant can be ted ‘more ecurately a compas (0) independent of compu eres"The nna: (a) ie take loge than ing by compass earings: (0) thre wie bjs te eet (0) ifthe objets ae incoreychated oe iocrety iene, che tte abet te srr mt pt ke apparent. Fo ho exon, when a ry surveyed chart wae, the ships person sould nora be ‘re by cmp bearing, Beate acces he charted poston. ake wil become apparent when smuloeoos nes of ering “raw on th bare do noe ee pi Phar: A an B (Figs) ae two objects on sore spot nthe ste ima neo the Svc aod te ange Beech te i cred, SPinplian eon he me 408 bounding te ape hich conse the SRend Sle Sina fe angle between and Cio observe, the hip Rois om th ac COM The ats iver a B ap O, Three O mas ethos postion ro, 7, Fiaing by emo or mor hort extn se ‘To Por nm Fs "To do thi it not necentacy to draw the cls the tree ie, OA, 00 and O€ a be reno acing paper 0 tht he angles tO aethoeobcre ‘The paper ped ovr the cut sb that 04, OB aed OC pas trou, TDaok € resp. te pss Oca then be pice hronsh, BEC choteatne hod fploing te pe oi arty Doogln Proactr cor Son otra decribed n Chapter VE ‘A theck wate shld be ake, if pons, fom the cote abet a Sour soft When Son poner oe tial an Be plated ae he a we titted “oy telling th insanely and mening oe of i es thie hk angi lo shoul then ps Thang the oor es ‘Thee smn in ips? would bee Ay sare Bea? Coestee Oats yt leer fom Fig. 53 sha he htonse chiriney a eurch are on the arc of acc pang trough te sip then she maybe sphere on ce war! a of that cic, aad mo fc bled in hie cse "To avd his ‘Siento tbe ctl chosen sha (0 they ate eter al on, oF ea, the same sight Tine shows in Bir ior (0) thei obj nearer the ship than the ie sing the oer 20, bon i Pg spon (ete ship nde te teil formed by ee obs, shown in Fi. bo les Suinblabiee for Benoni fe) Fie Sib abject {or Soom (3) 6, Sable fora Stom-potet Be)ewe pion irs he ption o thpen Ie foun by unviing oh hndege kig the ing fee be sec pnt ea Phe pon of ioc af teen ys oct He te ship pen (0) Ta odin rs 0 pston He bined at deen ve, wen the nist examee (Soe Fg 61) sip i tring 9 at ete Te tidal reat etimate os stg 95 at ia, Ae ttn «lhe bre of At 1690 Me same lights be 318 idee pt of he sip 1, “kat nt rt oso ie RCI Souneo a oam epee in sna he pois where the fist pion Ibe, ramserect and den hgh C, aha second poston line the shi oon 03. (0) "Toobin a fo sm pton ines bts deen nes, EXAMPLE (See ig. 6.) AC 1900 hip fed ad ae tering 180 At sioSoetl Bering Res Ons A 896 ord earn of Bs 057 Rope he ice 19h ond he rec expend fam F790 189. ie. 6, Th suming fr th now ul teen Draw AB, the course sere, cing the Se pon ine B.On the He a2 Docc uc thae BC in 3 mint na fed ier by AB. Tess ihe poston line thongh C. Tbe pot P wheve thx cus the second Fenton Hoe then the fea 1836. Pe the core dine made pal Efseen eps and 83 To ot te tal stam lt D, the DR. a 1836, alo tthe of the hip rough te wer Joa tis oP, the DP ithe ction al st {hte stam berseen 100 a 156. Prof Since the tages 40 and ACP ate sinidr, 40.07 ah AO a OP represent the sped ade god 1 wean 6 nites respes= {eg The oe AE could have boo dan ans drction wich es the [ait lines sad, pried he proportion 4B BC romana the sme, he nated postion Unc mou sry et the second oe at PT tial et ‘Shoe however, be foun da AE plowed ae dvr above(6) Doabing he Ape a he Ba i a psa fr of runing fis wih an te plone ceria the way desribo in) abuso by gucher mated Fothing om the eae betwen the age Suppor ht the aoe betwee the ships hel and the baring of he gt, stows in Fig. 6, bere a ad Ue tine eed, the ine apa ha oie ow ed when the angle 24 follows tht te distance of the hip fom the theta te setod stration st the dane un by We Sip Caring {he tin between te tno serationmsne AIC wl ben ones ag if the bering ne then shen tbe ange re 49" go fom the sips course on the fo atthe beam) she bind is known a 2 “ourpomt ai ‘rahling the angle on the bow camo be we it spe fo if there Tithe, the choervtons mat be plated wrung fy Asin ethic iver tbe ance hip ol seam of a objet, fa tatrated by te flowing ample: “Tae he tine whe the ap on he bow ie "and again when i the dtunce run ove the ground inte ner wl Ke approximately the ‘Sane the ship ilps ear of the ojos. Tig. fy AB ~ 1, but lyf the tac she same the nue ered 6: Finng by 2 Line of Soundings ‘When there ae no objec sable or oberon, i smsines pose shes a Be by sung Alou ha mat do cl ot Sci af roo mrs poston ncn ative non oth sis Fon ‘Sn be obuind ao Sound repularnserale, ting the depth The soundings mst be core forthe bight ofthe sde On pace of tsing paper aw ope or are ‘erin. Layo the sips tac. Alen tire plot the ect soundings, the ree ofthe chat ines Place the tacng paper onthe cht tn the ‘Sino the ships ennatedpston, ad nig the mera a ie Topi icsrighe sore abut seal the suidlge cn the Wacag pet ‘Stn ih hot onthe share "The feqoeny at which sounding should be hen depends oa the sped of| ‘he ship andthe pacing nd ature of he soundings om the a ‘Cation "Fhe apposite pxion found rom lin of cundinge should alway be woe with caution, bene ean postr ok Encof onundings in ever pontine na ch 1a Fining by Two oF More Ranges [een happen that ranges (but at bearing) canbe otane from wo o mare jects If, then the nereion of he range ars wl i the ships poston {Dine ed ty en ny ma, wae in Cape Fising Uncharted Objects and ‘Shooting Ur" "sometimes happens, when ceasing, that # conspicuous object i vie rm {he hp, bot-atbough snl for ine when fing i emo shown onthe ‘hare The positon of such an bj maybe detested (observing i bearing when i in tant wih other hated objet {Two or ore such beings crn shrugh the cared bjt wl then it poston (0 besinng 1x from cated objec, and sinhacuinty oberg the ‘earng ofthe unchred objec Twe or more wich eigen om ‘he pntons the ac wil he te pin of the neared eject 1 say pn that an eject ible for Sing ino early identifiable oa the chart. One tl ciney for tage, maybe tated t= group of eter ‘hme al smn mua on the ehre The oe egies ay be etd ‘yetha ofthe two tends deve above. Tis cle sting wy (Object alot ln bese "shot up ae dese im Chapter V Then ha od reeCHAPTER V Navigation in Pilotage Waters Responsibly “Te resp i a src sured by he AIDS To PILoTAGE opeha with hi nc cad ian gl Serand oe Ivf Na one Bs id Seleah Rec Lights Thee ae stn: hdd ii Tiny Hoon i asm by nd the maeking andre trav hte st fo he ate eh fan Bre ae 19) Gin Mii share ware hey te dng hy 2 mage He Tie aitaed hci sre yn in ose wih the

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