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Sustainable Perceived Authenticity

in Cultural Tourism
Modeling Alsace and Bali

Doctorant: P. (Andi) Andimarjoko

Supervisors:
•  Isabelle Barth
•  Thierry Nobre
•  Christophe Fournier
Background

•  Cultural tourism contributes 40% of international arrivals (Richards,


2014)
•  The dilemma of cultural tourism à culture is a “product” to be
“consumed”:
•  Maximize commercial revenue?
•  Nurture social functions of a culture?
•  Optimum solution: Attract & satisfy the “correct” segment, i.e. those
who have cultural motifs (Kolar & Zabkar, 2010)
•  Achieved by differentiations based on authenticity à However,
relative & negotiable (Cohen, 1988)
•  “The dynamics of perceived authenticity remains elusive to tourism
researchers” (Rickly-Boyd, 2012)
•  Cases: Alsace (France) & Bali (Indonesia)
Theoretical Framework
Existential Authenticity
(Heidegger, 1927)

Existential Authenticity
Objective Authenticity Constructive Authenticity
(Wang, 1999, Steiner & Reisinger,
(MacCannell, 1973, 1975) (Cohen, 1988)
2006)

“Object oriented” “Human oriented”

Approaches to authenticity in tourism (elaboration from various sources)


Research Problem & Questions
Research Problems:
How to obtain a sustainably high perception of authenticity? Little is known
how it changes over a time.

Research Questions:
1.  What is the general mechanism of the change process of perceived
authenticity?
2.  What are the variables that affect the change process?
3.  How do the cases in Alsace and Bali contribute in building a better
understanding of the dynamics?
4.  Having built a comprehensive model, what is the relative significance of
each variable? How can the significances contribute in building a better
model?
Methodology
•  Two stages:
1.  Qualitative
2.  Quantitative.
•  Qualitative
epistemological paradigm:
pragmatic constructivism.
Main strategy: model
building
•  Qualitative data
collection: direct
observations, interviews
& questionnaires
•  Informants: 4
stakeholders of cultural
tourism (government,
business, tourists).
Proposed Model

References:
•  Elaboration on literatures
•  Exploratory questionnaires in Bali
Progress Highlights
•  Signs of mass tourism: Southern parts (Bali), Eguisheim, Kaysersberg (Alsace)
•  Object-related authenticity dominates tourists’ answers:
“Objective”/”Constructive” still matters? Or a manifestation of “Publicness”
inauthenticity?
•  Interactions with locals appear frequently in shaping the perception: Missing
variable in Wang (1999)? Or just “Among one another” inauthenticity?
•  Presented the paper & received
feedbacks in 2 forums:
a.  Cultural Sustainable Tourism.
Thessaloniki, Greece, Nov. 2017
b.  Atelier Doctoral, AFMAT. Paris-
Sorbonne, May 2018
•  Pathforward: Continue data
collection & model building, while
accommodating constructive
feedbacks.

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