Académique Documents
Professionnel Documents
Culture Documents
R.Hirishani
COL/E- 002130
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Acknowledgment
I would like to give my special thanks to my lecture Mr.Shivaram for her great support in the
subject & for the assignment. I have different steps in System Analysis and Design with different
techniques with the help of the text book. Secondly I would like to thanks & appreciate my family
& classmates for giving their new ideas & making this assignment a success.
Thank you
R.Hirishani
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Table of Contents
PART A – Investigation
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Content of Figures
Figure 1.1 Library system……………………………………………
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Part A
Organizational Investigation.
Public Library.
Bookstores and the public library both service the general public. Libraries, pride themselves on
building collections to service the unique needs of their local community. The specific methods
for finding information of the system are named as facts finding techniques. The success of a
project based on the reliability of available data. There are difficult facts finding techniques that
are used by the analyst. The analyst may use more than one technique for analysis. Before
developing this project, the following fact finding techniques has to be followed;
1. Interviews
2. Questionnaires
3. Observation
4. Sampling
Types Interviews
1. Structured interviews-
The question is asked orally asked in either face to face or telephone format.
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2. Unstructured interviews-
More conversational, Conducted in a usual situation.
Advantages of Interviews.
Time saving.
Easy correction of speech.
Less costly.
Increasing knowledge.
More flexible.
Disadvantage of interviews.
Incomplete process.
Lack of attention.
No record.
Time consuming.
Tends to increase the cost of compliance.
Below are some sample questions that are asked during a Librarian interview:
1. What are your qualifications for the job of a librarian?
Briefly review your education and any related coursework. Experience, volunteer or paid,
should be mentioned as well. Without arrogance, list your qualities, such as patience,
cheerfulness, desire to be helpful, admiration of the written word and literature of all types.
The interviewer may have time to review any related paperwork including diplomas,
awards, etc. Be prepared and bring them along.
2. How technically sound are you? Are you comfortable with library management
software?
The computer and the Internet are an integral part of almost every aspect in the world today.
Almost every employee anywhere must use a computer and the Internet in some way.
List any software/programs you are familiar with that is regularly used by librarians.
3. What is your role in the educational system as a librarian?
As previously discussed, a librarian has an integral part in the educational system. The
librarian is a resource provider for teachers and students. Teachers and librarians can jointly
plan programs that help increase the students’ information and knowledge base.
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How can the librarian and teacher work together to enhance students’ education?
A teacher and a librarian can prepare special programs from the resources they have to
enhance the educational experience of the student. The teacher will generally have the goal
and method of presenting the lesson; the librarian can supply the sources and location of
information, and how to obtain it in usable form.
4. Do you think the physical attributes of the library make a difference to the students?
A library should be spacious with calming, sound-absorbing decor. If the library is orderly,
neat and welcoming, many will come to the library to relax, read and grow in knowledge.
Another important aspect of the library is ease of obtaining data. When patrons can come
and easily find the material they seek, they will tell their friends and return repeatedly.
Other possible interview questions for school librarian:
These are just some of the questions that are asked by the people taking an interview as a librarian.
Questionnaires.
This is another way of collecting information about the method of system investigation.
Questionnaires are sharply limited by the fact that respondents must be able to read the questions
and respond to them accurately.
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1. Multiple Questions (yes / No).
2. Rating Questions (Agree/Disagree/No opinion/Strongly agree).
3. Ranking Questions (Numbering according their preferences.
Advantages of Questionnaires.
People can complete at their convenience.
This is a cheapest way of doing system investigation.
Often can be answered quickly.
Relatively inexpensive way to gather data from a large number.
The respondent’s replies are free.
Disadvantages of questionnaires.
The analyst can’t observe body language.
Difficult to prepare.
Return rate is often low.
No guarantee that an individual will answer all the questions.
Cannot observe body language.
City __________________________________________________________________
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a. Yes
b. No
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9.What is the fee charged per day of not returning a book?
____________________________
Observation.
Observation is the activity gathering information from a primary source. It is an activity of paying
close attention to someone or something in order to get information. This method of facts gathering
requires a highly skilled analysis to visit the organization under the development & observer and
visually analyze the flow of documents.
Types of observations.
1. Unstructured observation-
A method of collection research data that has both opponents & proponents.
2. Structured Observation-
Preparation of record – keeping forms such as category systems, checklists & voting
scales.
Researcher typically has some prior knowledge about the behavior or event of
interest.
Advantages of Observation.
Disadvantages of Observation.
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Extensive training is needed.
It requires more time.
Time consuming.
Can be viewed as too subjective.
Depends on the role of researcher.
Sampling.
Sampling is concerned with the selection of a subset of individuals from within a statistical
population to estimate characteristics of the whole population.
Disadvantages of sampling.
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PART B – Evaluation & Discussion
System development life cycle is a series of six main phases to create a hardware
system only, a software system only or a combination of both to meet or exceed customer’s
expectations.
System planning
System analysis
System design
Implementation and deployment
System testing and integration
System maintenance
Analysis
Planning Design
Maintenance Implementation
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System development life cycle models
Waterfall model
Incremental model
Spiral model
Rapid application development
Agile life cycle model
Prototyping model
Dynamic system development method
Waterfall model
The waterfall model was the first process model to be established. It is also
reference to as a linear-sequential life cycle model. It is very simple to use and
understand. The waterfall model is basically used for the project which is small
and there are no uncertain requirements. In this model the testing starts only after
the development is complete. This model is used only when the requirements are
very well known, clear and fixed.
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Phases of waterfall model
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More confusions.
Incremental model
Incremental model requirements are divided into various builds. The cycles are divided
up into smaller, more easily managed modules. This model can be used when the
requirements of the complete system are clearly defined and understood.
More flexible.
Customer can respond to each build.
Low initial delivery cost.
Low risk.
Easier to test.
Disadvantages of incremental model
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The spiral model is similar to the incremental model. This model has four phases. The
phases are planning, Risk analysis, Engineering and Evaluation. Spiral model is used for
high risk projects.
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Phases of spiral model
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Figure 05 – RAD model
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4. Application generation: covert process models into code and the actual system.
5. Testing and turnover: test new components and all the interfaces.
Agile model
This model is a type of incremental model. It is used for time critical applications. New
changes can be implemented at very little cost because of the frequency of new
increments that are produced.
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Easy to manage.
Promote team works.
Continuous attention to technical excellence and good design.
Customers, developers and testers constantly interact with each other.
Disadvantages of Agile
Prototyping model
Prototyping model is an attractive idea for complicated and large systems. The
interactions with prototype can enable the client to better understand the requirements
of the desired system.
Concurr ent
activities
Initial
Specification
version
Outline Intermediate
Development
description versions
Final
Validation
version
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Prototyping model is consists of two parts
1. Exploratory development – work with the customers to explore their requirements and
deliver a final system is the aim of this object.
2. Throw away prototyping – to understand the system requirements clearly is the aim of
this prototyping.
Advantages of prototyping
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Dynamic system development method
This method is software development methodology, based on the Rapid Application
Development method. This method is independent of tools. This method is useful for
the system to be developed in short time span.
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Phases of dynamic system development method
1. Feasibility study
2. Business study
3. Functional model iteration
4. Design and build iteration
5. Implementation
I think agile method is more suitable than other SDLC models. It is more effectively than other
models.
Agile method is promotes adaptive planning, evolutionary development, early delivery and
continues improvement, it encourages rapid and flexible response to change. The agile model is
handling every project differently and the existing methods need to be tailored to best suit the
requirements.
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Advantages of Agile model
The waterfall model is very simple to use and understand. This model is basically used
for small project. In this model each phase must be completed fully before the next phase can
begin.
The main disadvantage of this model is the testing starts only after the development is
complete. Waterfall model is often very difficult for customer to state all requirements absolutely
at the beginning of the project. This model is poor for long projects. Time consuming is a
disadvantages of this model. This model not considered to be suitable.
The spiral model is a risk driven process model generator for software projects. This model
guides a team to adopt elements of one or more process models like waterfall, incremental or
prototyping model.
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This model project’s success highly dependent on the risk analysis phase, this does not
work well smaller projects. Cost of spiral model is high. These are the main disadvantages of
spiral model. Therefor spiral model is not considered to be suitable.
This model have high technical risks. This model is highly depends on strong team and
individual performances for identifying business requirements. Only highly skill
developers and designers will make this project success. This model not considered to be
suitable.
Prototyping model is can be used to clear the vague requirements. The prototype are
usually not a complete systems and many of the details are not built in the prototype.
This method may increase complexity of the system as scope of the system may
expand beyond original plans. The main disadvantage of this model is maintenance is
difficult and very costly. However the agile model is better than prototyping model.
Dynamic system model is useful for the system to be developed in short time span. It
is new model and not very common. Therefor this model is not considered to be suitable.
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Model Waterfall Agile Incremental RAD Spiral
model model model model model
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Part – C Feasibility Report
1. Technical Feasibility.
Technical feasibility measure of the availability of technical resources. It also studies the
availability of the technical manpower for the project. These feasibility is kind of practical
measurement. When analyzing the feasibility of manufacture a produce or providing a
function a firm researches different aspects of the product and services including its
technical feasibility, to ensure that the business has the necessary resources to support it.
2. Operational Feasibility
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Operational Feasibility is a measure of how well a proposed system solves the problems,
and establish of the opportunities identified at the same time as scope definition and how
it satisfies the requirements identified in the requirements analysis phase of system
development. This feasibility is the ability to utilize, support and perform the necessary
tasks of a system or program.
3. Economic Feasibility
Analysis of a project’s costs and revenues in an endeavor to determine surely it is logical
and possible to complete. It is the most frequently used method for calculating the
effectiveness of a new system. The exact costs are not required to resolve economic
feasibility. It is only required to resolve if it is feasible that the project costs will fall within
the target budget or return on investment.
4. Schedule Feasibility
Schedule Feasibility is defined as the probability of a planned ended in a period its fair
time limits, by a prepared due date. If a project has a high probability to be ended on time,
then its schedule feasibility is appraised as high. Limit is require in order to get the system
on time.
5. Legal Feasibility.
Legal feasibility commit learn even if the planed structure diverge the legal requirements.
This model depends on politics integrity that mean studying even if the project is legally
accepted or not.
1. Executive Summary
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2. Background
3. Outline of Project
4. Methodology
5. Conclusion
1. Executive Summary
Executive summary is to provide a prepare critique of the task.
Feasibility report is for a project to develop a system for “Colombo library”. The operating
of Colombo library is a paper based (manual system). The purpose of presenting this report
is to make the client familiar from the system.
2. Background
Feasibility reports may need background discussion to make clear about the report to
readers.
3. Outline of Project
The main outline is this project reduces paper based system (manual system). The new
system will bring paper work and it will help the staff to make their work easy and save
their time.
4. Methodology
Methodology should be defining how the methods & analysis for conducting use for
feasibility study. There are two types of methodology,
2. Modern approach - Modern approach do not undertake on linear processes but they
lead contrasting find out project management.
5. Conclusion
This component discuss how the business can be go through successfully. Be proper in the
evaluation because investor won’t find out conclusion they will also find out the data and
will search your conclusions if they are impossible.
1. Technical Feasibility.
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This feasibility is a kind of practical measurement of particular technical resources. In term
of software, hardware to handle the new system.
Technologies available to support the proposed system
Does the client already have the necessary resources or do they need to acquire the resources.
The client does not have the necessary resources for the proposed system so the resources should
be bought.
There should be at least 4 computers to communicate with each other, from the finance
department and to all other departments and a powerful computer to create a database for
storing student records, another in the dean’s office for communications with the
registrar.
LAN cables should be bought to connect the computer to the network established.
2. Operational Feasibility
This feasibility mainly point to studying the aspect of the operational of the current system.
There are many flaws in the manual system in Colombo library in order to find the
problems. During the process of analyzing the current system and then some problems were
found.
Some records are didn’t store
Some records had been misplaced
Some records had been stored twice
Following problems will be solved by the proposed system when the system is
computerized. This systems are very fast in processing data so member registrations,
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searching member details and making payments are done fast. This system will barcode
readers for marked attendants of the member in their digital ID card.
3. Economic Feasibility
The cost of arranged the new system of computerized process of libraries is given below,
Benefits
There are many benefits in change over to a computerized system from a manual system.
This system will be help for get members details and books details within a second,
this system is easy to get details than manual system. It’s help to save their time.
The payment will be settled by members on time because when they will enter the
library if they not pay the money the alert will be saw in the computer which
attached on the barcode reader
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DATE COST Benefit
60000
50000
40000
30000
20000
10000
0
DATE January February March April May June
cost benefit
Measurable benefits
Less running cost
Work speed becomes fast
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Less risk of records being misplaced
4. Schedule Feasibility
The proposed system will at least take 3 months to finish producing and ready for
arrangement.
5. Legal Feasibility.
There are rules and regulations to be followed when using this system.
That the information cannot be extremely used for unwanted purposes
The information should be accurate and up to date
The information is kept safe and secure
The information is handled according to the people’s rights.
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PART D – SRS & Use of appropriate methodology
Introduction
Purpose
The purpose of this document is to present accurate report of the system of digital works of
libraries, which is to be implemented for the Colombo public library. It will illustrate the purpose
and complete charge for the development system. This document will explain about features of
proposed system and how it will do.
Document conventions
Following conventions are used in writing this SRS.
Sub headings are in font size 12pts, bold and “Times New Roman”
All other text including description is in font size 12pts, normal font and “Times New
Roman”
Main headings are in font size 14pts, bold and “Times New Roman”
The references are written according to the Harvard format
Users of the system are the Administrator, Assistant Librarians, Librarians and other Library
personnel. This will be convenient for them to get an idea of the functionality, features, and
restraints of the software.
Testers will need to have this document in hand to test the system against the documentation to
check if the performance of the functions implemented is in accordance with the required level that
was stated and agreed upon.
Documentation Writers, who are responsible in writing maintenance documents of the system,
will need this SRS to check the initial agreements, so as to check the specification to have
clarifications on what the restraints, functionality and scope of the system are.
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Developers will find this document significant in order to require by the guidelines and
classify the progress of the system in the development. They will also use it as a future
reference in calling to what requirements they had recognized upon to develop the
software.
Project Managers and Directors of the system plays a necessary role in the proper
execution of the project, therefore, they will need this document in order to manage the
developers, with understanding of what they must accomplish and what they are assigned
with.
Product scope
The main objective is computerized the library. The project objectives were decided when after
calculate the time duration and resources. Reasonable set of objectives need to be achieved from
the assessment of the duration and resources available.
Easy maintainability.
The efficiency and quality of daily activity can be increased.
Overall Description
This will give an overview of the whole system. System will explain about its context to show
how the system introduce basic functions.
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Product Perspective
The proposed Library Management System being developed is a desktop application and a web
based application. The system is being built for the Colombo Public Library. All members record
details, payment details and book details are maintain in the database.
Product Functions
Authenticate User
F1 : Authenticate User
Table 02 -
Search
F2 : Search
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collection at the library, book circulation details and
acquisition details.
Send an Email
F3 : Send an email to patron(s)
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Create Report
F4 : Creation of reports for the library patrons/ books/ other
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Message acknowledging success of database back-up
Output :
and restoration else an error message.
Add Record
F7 : Add New Patron / Acquisitions/ Personnel
Add Book
F7 : Adding a new Book to the Library Collection
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Input : Book Details
Update Records
Update Patron/ Personnel/ Book/ Acquisition
F8 :
Records
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New password code received by email/ SMS and
Input : password question and answer or new password
and old password.
Delete Records
F10 : Deleting records from the database
Input : Record ID
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This system will allow the authenticated users to
Summary : send relevant SMS reminders to guarantors or
members
Reserve Books
F12 : Reserve books at the web based application
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Classify books with attached barcodes
F13 : Classify books with attached barcodes
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The system allows the Working Staff to remove
Summary : any books due to spoilage or which has been
damaged due to improper use.
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User Classes and Characteristics
The system will be used by different user groups. Each will have their own roles to be performed
in the system. All the functions assigned to these user groups are considered highly important. The
list of user groups and their functionality with regards to the system are given below.
o Administrator
The administrator of the library can log in to the system and select any operation to be
performed by the system. The administrator has the full capacity to control and manage the
entire system functionalities and its activities by users. He/ she has the capability to regulate
and restrict user permissions and filter the functionality according to their roles, generate
system document templates, handle acquisitions of the library, manage patron’s account
and details, employee management, book circulation handling, book collection
management, system back-up and restore when required, private document management,
change application settings, control the entire web based application, manage inquiries/
notifications and communications, administer changes to the system database and handle
all the items of the library.
o Librarian
The librarian is provided with a user login and has the capability to perform main
operations at the library. They could manage the entire book collection and generate
barcodes for each book added to the database, control patron activity at the library, send
emails when required to relevant parties, generate reports, and customize user profile when
preferred.
o Assistant Librarian
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The assistant librarian can log into to the system and perform certain tasks assigned to
them. They are able to reply to any inquiry made by patrons, update book reviews, generate
reports when required to check the library current status of its patron’s activity or any other
related statuses, manage the book queue, add new books, update book’s details and
customize user profile according to the preference.
o Working Staff
They are given an authenticated user login to perform basic functions of the library. They
are able to check the book queue, search the book collection for available books, add new
books, discard damaged books and customize their user profile.
o Patron
The patron is the main user of the library and is given the opportunity to perform certain
activities in the system. They need to have basic computer skills to use the system. They
are able to search the book collection, reserve a book by visiting the library web based
application, borrow a preferred book for certain period of time, make any inquiry, and
check any softcopy/pdf files of the books at the library.
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Operating Environment
The Library Management System will be running on Microsoft Windows 7 operating system based
platforms. It is highly recommended that all the workstations will be connected with the centralized
database server which will be running with MySQL. NetBeans is used to implement the web based
application. The database will be installed in the server and the system will be installed in
workstations. The users will need to have Desktop PCs. The users making direct involvement with
the system should have basic computer literacy to operate and work with the system.
o Required database management system is MySQL. The database MySQL server should be
installed in the database system.
o Java and PHP is the programming language that will be used for the development of the
product.
o Since system’s information affects to the daily operations performed at the library, the
system must be equipped with proper security mechanism.
o The servers should have 250GB of initial Hard disk drive and the memory should be 10GB.
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o The users must have the ability to work in a computerized environment. Therefore, basic
knowledge of computer skills will be required. Hence potential users will be required to be
trained.
Project Documentation
All the documents are created during the development phase of the system and will be handed over
to the client along with the software.
o Project proposal will have all the basic descriptions of what we are going to develop for
the system which includes simple metaphors about essential functionalities of the system.
o Final report will represent the technical background of the system and will be handed over
only after the design, implementation phase and testing is completed.
o User Manual would basically be a guide book of the system, which includes information
on how to use the system.
User Documentation
There are documents that are handed over to the client to take better use of the system, in order to
simplify the adaptation process and to troubleshoot any problems if it arises. These documents are
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compiled with the intention of delivering an obligatory guideline on how to use the software with
proper use. The basic documentation for the users will be as follows.
o User Manual is a guide which includes the GUIs and how to make proper use of each GUI.
The user manual will be given as a hardcopy or a softcopy as requested by the client.
o Tutorials will be an optional document if requested by the user. Upon the delivery of the
system, the users should have a basic tutorial to follow in order to familiarize with the
system.
Assumptions and Dependencies
o The system will need a total list of its users and the employment hierarchy.
o If barcodes are needed to be scanned, a webcam would be sufficient to fulfill the scanning
requirement.
o When a hard copy of forms are needed, the system should be facilitated with a printer in
order to take print outs.
o All users of this system must have a basic knowledge of computer skills in order to use the
software.
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External Interface Requirements
Hardware Interfaces
The operating system will be optimally Microsoft Windows 7. In addition to this, a printer should
be configured for taking hard copies if required and a webcam for barcode scanning purpose. Users
can connect to the web application via any ISP.
Software Interfaces
The database of the system will be designed and maintained using Java and VB.Net will be used
to design the interfaces and develop the coding of the system.
Communications Interfaces
Email SMTP
Safety Requirements
Use of this software system is only a solution to computerize fuel station operations and
management of the data. Data could be lost, damaged or hurt due to virus or technical failures.
Therefore, we are taking measures to prevent these risks. The constraints take effect on shaping
the software to be more ethical, reliable and genuine. Back up and reformation of data as required
by the client to prevent loss of data from unexpected database crashes and avoids the collection of
data, which would affect the performance of the system.
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Software quality attributes of system of computerized works of libraries are,
Availability
Security
Usability
Maintainability
Reliability
Integrity
Business Rules
Each user of the system should have an authenticated username and password.
An Administrator login gets the full capacity to control the entire system. They are allowed
the capability to make any changes required to the system and control the users and their
activities in the system
Librarian is allowed to perform the assigned operations only. They do not have the full
capacity to control the system or its activities
Working Staff has the basic functionalities to perform in the system and do not have the
full functioning capacity in the system
Book Circulation Personnel is allowed any activity with regards to borrowing and returns
of books by patron
Patron of the library has the ability to reserve any preferred book by an authenticated login
at the web application and can search the library book collection or view softcopies of
books
Other Requirements
Below are the additional requirements and constraints of the system to be implemented.
o The system must follow the development standard of colombo Public Library.
o MySQL server should be the database management software, and there should be enough storage
to hold all the data.
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Year of publication
Author ID Name
ID
Author name
Publisher
Author
Authored by Published
by
Title
Author
Phone
number
Book ID
Name
Availability
Book
Email
ID Member
Price
Publisher’s
name Registration
no
Address
Checked
Librarian Name
Address
Email ID
ID
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Context & first level Data Flow Diagram
2 Book name
Verification
3 Due 4
over
command
Library
staff
Return Complete fine
Executes
D3
Fine
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Context Level Diagram
Members Receives
Reserve Book Books
Member
Show details
Find System
Search Book
System of
automated works
Maintain reader info
of libraries
Display
Reports
Library Staff
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REFERENCES
Kovair and Kovair (2016) Benefits of software development life cycle solutions. Available at:
http://es.slideshare.net/Kovair/benefits-of-software-development-life-cycle-solutions (Accessed:
28 October 2016).
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Conclusion
Nowadays in current society system development life cycle play a virtual role in regarding to
system development. Selecting a suitable mythology usually depends with the company scenario
or given case study. Feasibility study is essential to develop feasibility report. Feasibility study is
important I system investigation & different feasibility criteria have major impacts on system.
Data Flow Diagrams & entity relationships diagrams are advances techniques which help to
analyze & specify requirements in system investigation. In quality management if software
verification & validation is very important because it address system & user requirements.
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Self Criticism Report
First of all I studied the given scenario and tasks but I was unable to understand how to do
some tasks. So got help from the subject lectures, friends& my family to do it appropriately
& as required. Due to the complexity of the assignment, completed task by task & did the
corrections for each task. My knowledge improved after completely the assignments.
Strengths & weaknesses that I have faced during the completions of the project.
Strengths Weaknesses
Participation with friend’s project listen a Unable to answer the questions according to
lesson. the scenario.
Some questions were answered correctly. Take too much time finish some task
Tasks could be answered easily after Unable to draw the DFD & ERD ‘s correctly
studying the scenario.
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pros-and-cons>. [Accessed on 19th January 2017].
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Innovative Architects (2017) The seven phases of the system development life cycle [Online].
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Debajit Ghosh (1996) Feasibility report. Design and feasibility report [Online]. Available at:
<http://web.mit.edu/course/21/21.guide/feasibil.htm>. [Accessed on 17th February 2017].
Ludy Mae (2012) Chapter 9 – Methods of data collection [Online]. Available at:
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March 2017].
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