THE IIINl!:Il4I.
INDUSTRY Dr U'l'AH
Barite.- No bLrite wu miM:d in tho
Sute durina 19'15. H owevt"t", ore. from ou ~
of·Sute mlMt were ,round and pn:puo:d
for wdl drilll ... mud by he comfWI'" "'
the Sal t Lake Ci ty . _. c-.p,onict en-
, ..00:1 in p.o«..... the bIorite Ora a~ AI
Minerals Corp., Cu'IOm Mlll i", &: Supply
Co .• Ei ... llmUl Chemical Co., Rocky Mouoi.
tal .. Refra<:tOO"let, arld Wftlcmc:o, Inc.
C.. ' -il L-POrtland cement OUlPUt i ....
<:rftscd 7% III qU2fltiry and 24% in tout
value. TIlt quantity of m ......ry c:nnmt
produced WN !IO% Ieoo than that of the
pr-eviow ycor btll Ihe toUr ... Iue IncrntC<!
7O'X,. Produclion and ..re. ...,~ made bJ
ldeol Ccmmc Co .• Di~. of 1001 BuM: I n·
dUlifits, l~, and Portland Clemml Co. of
UuIl . Ponlalld and m.QOnry a:rMI11 """.
",,,,cd in Uuh totaled 521JOO and l ,of(JO
ton .. ~t'vcly. Sevent"f"lcht pcl «m of
the portlaft(! «tIIml .at utcd by neadr'
milo: <XIOCnel .. compaoin, ' 'l. by" concr«t
product m.nufactb~ 7% by bulld l...
material, dC'Ilcn, S% by hia;ltW;l.y COll1no:·
ton. and 4% by oth.,.. COlllnctoro and
mlJCdlancoua CUI\OIDt:rI. c..m.."t roo:k.
IYP"".... lilOCllone. ;md u ndu....., _
u... principal ...... mareoUlo w.rd in "'aUn,
portland CftIImt .
Clays.-OulpUI of clay. during ]91)
IOU CWCtltiaUy the ume U 19'14. tonnqc·
wi.... H_"",", tou.l ....1"" declined 2O".f..
Minillll" IOU moduclftl on 14 ptOpC'rlies
In 9 w u nt lH. TIle principal producin,
""",,panlQ wen Filtrol Corp.. IntapKt
Corp., Mountain Fud Supply Co., aud
Utelile Corp. Commoditin clall«i '" clay.
Induded co"'''''''' clay, ....lc, benlOnire.
6u clay, full(r'. earth , and. UoIin. The
m.ajority of the claY' were utili ..... In "".
po.nd1na mlledall for Iltrht ...eighl anre·
PIQ. ,. Clul,14 in oil min ..... , and In
the tItallufa<lune of buildi .... Iooicb.
~t.-Produclion of lI:uonpar wu
",l.ranti.Uy ,neat... dunnc tht YCOT.
Quantity lncreued 222'l. a nd total oalue
n!IOC 297%. AU productiol'l WIIi da.ed ..
DleUIlu ......]·lnde fluo ..par. Two (00II..
pani... U.s. ~ Corp.. and Wilkkn
Flnonpar Co .• opc:ntilll in the Spor Moun·
lIin UO , JUlb County. l«ounlftl for the
o.otal ore ronillle.
G:rpsum,- Five propu1," in rour Coun'
t," acnM.mkd. lor all IYpoum prodlKllon
In u... sure dun ... 19'1S. Acti,,,, componies
wtU Cox lnterpn ..... I nc .. Georria ·Pacifk
757
Corp., n.om"" J. Ptld &: So... , I nc., Unilftl
SUlCI GypIum Co., Ind White Mouniain
Gypoum Co. Production of cmdc lYP .... m
~1Ied approximudy '%, while 0.01.11
....1.... of tht prodUCI TOle ~S%. Georgia .
Pad6c Corp .. and U.s. Gypoum Co .• cal ·
cined I)'poUm miMd ncar Silutd, Sc;i;"'-
County. Ton ..... ( of aolciMd IYJHUm in·
cn:allCd 2% but .... 9'?0 below that of 1972.
Ihe T«urd year.
Umc. -Lime mini...- .nd proeeain&"
wer.. conducted In lour wunu." by Ii""
0f""R1I1lII" COIDp,onieo, Th .. F lintl<oie Co. ,
Kcnn«ou CoppeT Corp .. Mounuin State.
Lime Co .. Utah· lda"" Sup. Co .. and UUh
Marblchnd Ume Co. The lime producu
wer.. uliLizftl primarily in mnoctorieo.
mllJorl"l lime. and IIotation of top.,.... 1,,1-
fi<lc ors. MiocdlanfOUl use. wn .... mtrl a
minor ""'nqe. Lime output WII 9% te..
th.n that in 1974. A total of 95.456 tons
01 I""e WII conoumal In Uuh . Otht. ton ·
n _ W<:re aporltrl 10 MiIooun, N'eoada .
Ohio, and South Dakota.
M IPeRiIID Compo.olda.- Produtl;on 01
maaneolum rompounds was reporled by
two COIDp.nia Ih.t proct. brillCl from
Greal &lilt LUe and adjO£cnt . _.. G.eat
Sall Lake Minmolt " Olankab Corp., OJ>-
"""II .... wnl of Ogden in We ..... County.
.nd K.i ..... Aluminum &: Chern ......1 Corp ..
nca. W""do"" •. Tooele County, are the
a.clhe wmpanin. Production d unna: I97S
wal ' ''' lca. bul 101.11 .... Iut i""lt n d .p-
prodmat.eiy 7% O\'U l hat of the prior year.
M....,nlum opc •• tlons of NL IndusLrI.,..
Inc.. at Rowley, Toode County, on Ihe
WQt ohore o f GlUt Sail Lalr.e. wene con ·
d ucted at low levcl. A tcrieo of probkml
in tm- planl h.. preo..... ted "IWn"""'l of
n.ttrl produclion. Dun".. t .... latta port
of Ihe yea •. ' . lludy waf u nderw.y In an
21templ 0.0 deveLop .lternative melhods 10
handle mac_dum productlon. Non!< H y.
dro, • N""w..ian m",ncoium prod .........
a" iolftl in W lIudy.
P .. rlite.-Two coonpania, Geo'llia-Pa_
d6c Corp. at Si,urd, ~ ... Counly. and
Uhl , UuIl County,
i", tile year. l"lIc _=
Uhl Block " P .... llte Producil Co., at
""""nckd .,....Iice dur-
material _
miMd onl '" SUI(. The upanded "",rlite
wu u~ prindpolly at pLut(r an:rqa1e.
Mi nor 'I uantili ... were ulled for ma..oonry
and horliadtunJ purp.mE
M ,tete . . . . Phosphate rod p ....
duction in Utah dun".. 1975 WN Ilmlkd.
to one C07IIpany, St.u"'r Ch~mica l Co.
 M1NUAlA l'BARBOOIC. ItT'
758
Thb -'pany ope. alM IWO mines. all
0,," pit mh... 10 mllts north 01 V........ I ;n
Ulmah CoLt ... , and an undersround mlne
In Ill", Crawford Mounuin., R ich County.
Production ... down 6%. bul IOta] .."lue
.....
I~ S% .... raul! of bla;hcr .. ~
P , hoh P roduction of potash
' «Coded by Kal_ Al uminuDI " Cbm>ial
..uti wu
Corp., a' Wmdo~r. T oode County, by
GI'aI SaIl L.a.te Milltnll I: ChemiaJ,
eo.,.. in Wcbn" County. and by Ten..:;"lf,
I nc. ncar Moab, Grand County. Ou tput
....... 13');, Q In q uantity bul 32% rrn-ter
In IOta! ~ aluc.
p.."'ic;e Production of pumice lone!
olhtr volcanic m.~ Ii..., rid . IChO,
dun ... the year. Two opel.1On wtI'C ....
d..." the Utah 5tl.te Road CommiMiIm in
Mi lanI County and the Wuhilllton
eo..my Ilo;>d Oeponmmt 11'1 WaohinrlOn
00.,111. All prodlOCOOn wall ulililed in
road (OIWru<;tion . To......." IOlined in-
Cl . led IS% wilh .. laW ..,.tue 21% IJI'\':I.~
than thai of I/w: P..,VlnUI ,ur.
S.lI~A total of nine .-It companiet
opmued in KYm COUR!ia in Utah duri ....
1m. SIll produaioa. wu do"" 18'1:. be-
low mal of the Jl""'ioII. yeo.r. b ut beeaUIie
of (1U-tn" un ll pritt, the total va]~ of
praluction '"'at ~7.. hla;h<:r. Two «Impanl",
" ... In San~e County and tbe ocher In
5eI'kT Count)". prodlK.'ed roc:t. all. Enpo
QQ~ .11 _ " ...o,ued by 1e\'U1 COtII·
p...leo opttalinr in he oountkt, Boll
Eld..... Gnnd. 's;'lt Lake. Tooele. and
W tl>r:r. The oall was IIOId for USIe in many
induotrial applicatirono. inductl", the ell ....·
iUII and ani .... l f...,J prt- dna IndllSlneo.
A laTJe "".cc:.. tase of the ..II was ..:>Id "'"
road ...11.
SaDd .ad G .aYu._Productioro 01 IaIlo:I
and 1I1"&''d in tbe Silte decl;~ 12% duro
in, 19'15. but becauSle of an irocrn .. in
the a .., ..e unit prioe to $1.41. the IOUI
."alllt _ 10% (fel~. $aDd
mai ..... number three ntnt a""",. me
and IfI3wl
commodillet of the roonmeIllllc ....,up.
Only potaalum ", It I and portland o.-oru:nt
had ITCl.I"" total val~L A Will of 91) min·
i". operatlons """"' 100:1;.., in H of ohc
29 coundeo i n the Suote. Slit J...U.e County
..... the Iftdi"l producer Iollowt:d by 0.. ....
and Sanpete Countleo. Sand. and IfI3vd op-
enllom In the th .... countiel ........... nted
for SS% of 1M SUte·. . .nd and IntYC! pro-
d\KIioD.
Sodi"m SWfatc._ ProductKm of aodium
Rllble Wat tepo1"ted by one COiDp.Iny.
G~at Sa lt Lake Mln<:nll " Chemk;al Corp.
The company plarrl I, on G ....u $all ute
In W"",,"," County. __ of Oadw. Tonnqe
pmducc:d was 41 % kN lhan that of 1!I'14.
but Will ...1"" rooe 115%.
Sloooe.-Produclion of lIone wa. ~.
corded fl'Oal 15 00Uii.1ei in the S.. te duro
inc 19'1S. Wiui,.. opt. ";..,,,. ~ con·
duclfd in ~ q llame.. Touol yidd w ...
Ina than tlui. of 1M p..,..ious yo:a •• with a
is,.
4% drOp in •.,. Iue. TiM! principal pmducinr
countia we~ Bo" F.ider. MOl"Ian. and
Utah . The Ito.... countieo ......... 'nlfd ro..
'16% of the lOW ol on!" tonlUiCe mined. TiM!
IaQlflll prod,,"" W<1't ldell 8uk Indu ...
IriH, I nc .• Portbnd Cement Co. of Utah.
Soulhn"n Pacific Rlilroad Co., and Unht:d
Stale. S.m Corp.
!i! J ;
~ '. ,! "11,
e .. Hdg •! 3. ,, 1
I •• 1 , • j j
-1 ~
,;): • .!
I:>; j
I
... i
!
. ,
. "'
.ei 1-1J ,;\ J
'
,-t .. .. , .. 1 I ... ~"; L
1.1 i
<
1
... 1
•I • 1
,,
,

!1 - J "jJiJjJ~ :!liJ; 11..

1:',,,. " - . ""i
_, • ! :! i i · 1.1 1" i~,.t

,! iii. , ··
fo .. {~ilr:{i.:!~i ~ ~I- ~ 11'1 :
>. -' . j
• - 'i: ! "'::.1 1
' ! i:i Cl .i iiilile " ii ,,~
.! = I ~ - !"! ,,
g e ::>0 ~ ~ ::> 0" :,
... ~
1 ,
Q ::>::>::> 6"

•o l'
d t.. ! .'.-..-..-
1.
-- -
~;
-
'" ~" Ii ;:: il ; ~il§.sl-;
._ .
- 1"
•
-•
"
" ,
"

I-- "
1-
II
I,, ::" :!
.@ :,
I! ! ·1 ~. ! "
la-a ja
io:i . !'-J-
~:: 5:: "5 :: ~3 " '3 "-i ::
A' a 11 ~ .!~!~i~ 5
• '" •1 •
Jt i
..~ 't., ..
•,jl
-ill
'j I r -~,. ill • Ind.!! ."" il'!·, ;;:o~s

!• 1. ,,

i
~
,:
~~;~ ~~ !i:~ ~ ~ Q
:lo' Ii !d. i.!
I a::.~i!=
~ • ••.. - I' .' .>
.11& i.'! _="..
J~. or
" .j
~l~tl
E ~l
.t
- C t)

~ ~
!,
; ""o
"'
"., i .. ,:l
1
, ,
' l. ' "
j
,
,:,
:,, !,
:,, :,,
, :,' :, i
",
"
,"
I ~el'll
'.
"'"
' ''',
i

J g"'l1"" ',
3"1I<~
1 .. : ,,,
,,
; ; .!
.!i~!!
'l';l'~j ;
' " :
~
• 0 "

· 'l.-, ..•
•
, :li;!l
- M.. oij
:a.. . ,. .. ~...
A, ..
• j'
~ I it~·It
, .,..j
!l q i
•::> ~.. "i! !
::> •• <C .. .. "
i" I~ ! I:>
A :f • o
760
Table JO.-PriDclpal produce" CoutUno«!
C • ....11, oMl - . , . . , ""'.,
1. . . _
cral. 8_ 00 .... _________ _ _. ,.t _ _

-
.... I'te 0_ I ....
"""blo, Colo. 1\111'1
U .I~ 8lo.~ 8_ ConI.' _ _ G...... qt.
PUtoba .. b. Po.. UUO
U\a~ In •••••Uo...:! I . . . . _ ao" ...
0_
." ",1 ... __

o...~ .,1\ ",1_ ~.

c..IA. Cit,. Ut ah UlIG . ~~ pion'"
1,10... ,
TIl. Tllnlkolot Co _____ __ ._ I t..
~
a.....lr BI.d.
" -opl... Colll. _ '
PI"nt
___ .do
-----_ ..-- T _ Io.
u..h •• •• bI.hoo.d LI .... Co.' . 100 W . WulIl _ n 5',
Cl!.Ieo.P. I U. _

Bu. II. . --~

~ U IAlI ,_u n
IGOI I...U_ I ) •• ---.do
ou.~Ca li t......
---------.

....
tet
Po.rlI A ....
N_ Y or., N.T. 1"11

_ _ a IIaIt eo. _______ _ lid Ib" duo. PI_at __ •• _______ T _1o.

K a _ cn,. lIlo. " 11 \ ____ 010
. .""" 1 . ........ 10... 1 I ... l i t N. W..... Drl ...
CIoI-. III. " " '
...............1, ____010

..
eo.. Cowt... <tlool Co., I ne 11' Nortb nn. Il. kn_.
Gi_... .. - . , 00 __ _____ 1I •• t ~ lito. ' UO
41 W. CODl .... l Aft_ 0 . .10 . ... It
M ......... Utoll "to)'l ~

Utah lI,ond and C •••• I

1'''''''01.1 Co.",
Bo. YT
S.lt Lok. Cit,. Utah .,110
-_ ..... ---_.... _. W.b..
So.It lMt • •
8...... ,
00 ... ,01 D............ __ __
100 w ... W.. hln!rton,llL
u • •

....1Ioeno P.eI~. RoU,,,",,,

01<0. .... I l l . _
._--...
"'. " • • fbl. 8t.
Sa .........- . C. Uf •• n ..
-_ .....
_.-
'I1tah 001<_ Co., 1_ ___ _ II'" 8 t 1).
Balt LN. Cit,. U ...... III
U .......
AU .., eono.' ____________ _
Rio .,. .... Co ....• ________ _.11
_ . U .... lUll
U..'i -C,_"
.- .
U - I. c •e ...

.....a. sille, mcI,w......... 00100 1. ... _001 li_.

tile . ... U.. ..........100 oP..... 1. U... k . .d
 The Mineral Industry of Utah
This chapter hu been prepared ,,"de, a cooperative aglee'"en! between the Bllrea.. of
Mines, U.S. Department of the Interior, aad the Utah Geological and Mineral Survey,
for collecting in£onnalion on all minerals.

By William A. McKinney t

The ,-.lut of mineral production in A total of 170 million tonI of mate ria l
Utah during 1976 W" $1 ,044 million, 'liT· wal handled in the melal. and nonmetalo
""..ing $1 billion ror the first time. Thi. industries in 1976. Thio total included 49
total i. 8% bigher than that of 197!>, the million tons of ore, 119 million ton. of
previollJ reoord year. Inc~. were re- waste, and 2 million lonl 01 Ore and waste
corded in all three commodity group_ from development ac hvmel . M.ued.l
me,.'" nonmetal" and minerd fuels. T he mined and mo""d .1.1 the lurface consilted
largest gain was -recorded in 111" rnetalJ of 48 million IOns of crude oro and 117
group. million Ions of waste. In underground min_
Total value of the rnetals gro ...p rose ing, 1.3 million tons 01 ore and 1.9 million
15% 0"", lhat of 1915. All metal com. tons of waste we", handled.
modities except gold increased in value, - The th",e major utility companiel in_
with ... r:anium and vanadium showing the volved in the pro~d 3,000-megawatt
m<»t . ubllantial gains. Although gold pro- coal-bumiug K aiparowits powerplanl in
duction was on ly I ,},,, leu than in 1915, Kane County cUlceled plana for this major
Ihe gold value decreased 23'}'" heeatlM! of energy-producing plant. Southern Califor-
lo....,r prices. Copper accounted fo r 65% nia EdilOn, 5.an Diego Gas and Electric
of the value of Ihe metal. group and 25% Co., Uld Ari..n, Public Service Co. aban_
of Ihe value of .11 minerals produced in doned plans for conslruClion of the plant
Utah. heeau", of the high COIt ·as a result of in_
In the nonmetals group, increa",d pro- 81 tion and I.wsuit threats by environ_
duction value. were ",corded for nine com- me.ntal groups. The total estimated I:OIIt of
modit;" •. Sand, gravel, clays, 8uonp.~ , plant conalruction increued appf'O:limately
phosphate rocl:,. and potassium .altl de_ 600% over original estimates nude in No..
dined in value. Subotantial increases in vember 19&1, from $0500 million to $3.5
pumice, .lime, oodium lulfate, and maC- billion.
n~um compOunds rai",d .otal value of Despite cancellation of the proposed
nonmetals 6% over ttllt of 1915. powerplant project, the three companies
Production of mineral fuel. iI\t~ will contin ..... 10 hold lease. in the Kalpa-
of% in total value. A 32% increase in coal rowitl Plaeea.u cnalfield hetau", me cnal
value, lC«Impanled by gain. in natural may he utili ... d for Casification, liquefae_
gas and natural gIU liquids, offset an 8% lion, or for Ihipmenl to powerplantt Jo..
dectelUe in the value of crude peltoleum cited in other a"'aI. The lease. cover
and decreases in the "Ilues of alphalt and of5,000 ICtu of Federal and Stale land
carbon dioxide. Crude pet.tolellm and bitu_ containing ·low.sulfur «Ill reserves in ex_
mmow coal Iccounted for of8% 01 the
value of all mineral production in Utah.

7<5
716 KIHRRAI.8 Y&ARBOOJ(, lin

T.bIe I~Mi...,ra1 prvduclioa i. UcalI '

'"'
Qonut, (t' V..~
'"'
,"ndo) QunUt, N~:="J
...
.1',141

<M'
u.
I U.IU" -
II,'"
1."'
•
on
Ia..nl

Go ... , 10 _ ___ ••
. ... 1'1. tonI __
fl uor...... _________ ._. __ • ___ . _. _. _. ____ • ____" _•••
_ h n ______ _______ __ • • • • __ __ __ . - -._
177 .10
'.641
N.
:n,tn
...
,.
".ID
Ih.U'
W
NO .
nt,li?
,W

.-... .
Gold (..
c,..ou ___ obt• .ontoDt
_________ tA 0<8,
_____________ -.0.) __1...". "" .. _
thou.lI.d 01101'1. _ ____ • ",01 117.111 11.611
.n I . U' no 1.117
I_ 0... 1_W.l
I.'" .1.'"
..... W W

..... .....,., ...'.--..

I ..-.,..blo ..... tent 11,17' u. IU.,
.n
un
'" Ill.'"
u ...'
,,,Ii.
"'"
.
..... Ul
f .1 17
11.41'

•N
..."'"-
11'.'11

-
U .U Z • IO.U1 "I.U l

•.
'.m
~
1',140
11.' 11
',In
n,.1t •.
'U.

rn.I of 1 bill ion tons, of which perhapt. ~
lIIillion tonI i. ",,<:<M:rab!o,.
The Utah Air CollH:rvation Com.
millee voted to penni. Utah Power
Light Co. to operate th~ proposed power
urn!, ;n Emery County. The Committee
w.u •• timed t haI the uni t. . . plan ned
... ould meet the ",qui~ dun air lIand.
ncb 01 the State. One .unit would be
conltructed at Huntington adjacCJ\t to the
aiuing plant, and two un; 1S would be
built ... ar Emery .
PhiHipi Petroleum Co. completed 8
seotl!<:o , mal ~II in the Roosevel t H OI
Sprinp area in Bo:aver County and plan_
ned to drill 16 nlo"" .ubjec! to Federal
approval. Company officiall ... timated that
the a,.,a hao the potential to prOYide 75
megawalll of power for a period 01 ~ O
~-ean. BaM'd on present Iludie., a plant
"""Id be inllalled and in operation by
198 1. Phillips iJ conduc ti", p,.,liminary
lalo with official. of Utah Power'" Lisht
tI; Co. (onurniflJl' posaible utiliution of the
1I"0thennai a,.,a.
The water level 01 Great Salt Lake con_
tinued 10 rise, c",alinS potential probleml
lor compani", ,""tracting .altl from the
Jue . The principal problem wa. maintain_
ing proper dikes to protect the evapora-
tion pondl and plant equipment. The level
of the lake on May I!i, 1976, wao 4,202
(""t , whieh wao the hipe.t oinee May I!i,
1928, wben the '""""I wao 4,202.6 !""\.
Du ring the past 10 yean, the lake le¥el
has been riling at an a,-eta,e rate of 8 10
9 inch... per year . If the riM' toM;n ...... al
that rate for the nul 3 )'Can, the critical
elevation 01 4,205 fect wi" be ,.,ached,
po.ing many problem. for indUllfy on the
 TNI': MINERAL INDUSTRY OF UT.t.B 747
Table :'?-Value of mineral prodUCtioll ill U tah, by COUIlf)"
(TIoouoau40)

m. .~.
Ban. __________________ _
BOll ElcIoT ____________ __ _ Jne W
c..<bo ___________________ _ 1.118 n,dS : " •••• _I\., tUqatall.
C.rbo» ___ • • ___ ._._ •• ____ _ W W
BI,894 tn,2ft <.. bon dlod60.

------------------- 1,011
I,! , n
log.-, !
••
1,111'
178,11i7 _tura! "as Hqulu.

-------------- -- -_.-
Ga.fIo.ld _________________ _
W ~.m - " ..... ,"""y<l.
G .... nd _______ _______ ____ __ W
11 ,5:
--------------------- W "'"'
tI .tH

--------------------
Ko. ... __ __ ________________ _
MIn...! ___________________ _
a,
m
••
...
w w
Mon: an_____
Plute ________________
--- --- - ---- ---------_ w w
Rich ____________ _______ __ _ w w
Salt Lake ____ __ • _________ _ w w
u1,In au,u&
Son lu.an ______ ____ • ______ _
S."... ... ________________ __ _
SuI..- ___________________ _
Summit __________________ _
110,711
1,101
In,ln
lun
...
1i4.f'1 Z
,
IMn
U,tIl7
12,110 15.1U
1It.&1I n.t7&
Utah ___ __________________ _

----------------
w
w
w
w W
...
w

w ...... ~.

----------.---------- 11.710 lUIS &Odlnm ...It.te. _boJt,

",. .n ..l n", _""
U~d;_bG.t..t ' _________ __
Total '
W Wltllh<ld to a¥<lld oI18<looh"" <om ..... ~ "TVPria\&" d ..... ' 1... ludood .. Ith "U .. dlotrlINt..t. ~
'V.I.... of ~.."Io<>m oO>d ...tu ....1 KU onl) .,., _ "'" all .ft..." ".Iee ...... t..TnI _
<ubi. loot, " i ... tl ....1~. 10. til. Stat...
'In<1uoSeo _ .. no! and Kran! Ill . . . .nllOl I>e a.I._ 10 _1ft. """nlloo••_ . _ . and
~1_ Ind;""-..:! h)' . ".,1>01 W .
" Data "'.y ...... add to lot.1s . h ...... '-'.u.. 01 [~d . nt T<luO>dI....

lake ;o.nd imp,ai ring the up' lream di..:harge
of me Jordan River, a li nk ""tween Greal
Salt Lake and Utah Lake, 40 mile. to the
soum.
Lcgisl.tion alld Gove~1I1 Pro-
'\'&DU._ The Bu",au of Mi "", awarded
five grants ror metalluTgical research. to.
wing $12~,OOO, to the University of U tah.
The obj«tives of the grant.o were to (I)
d....,lop a 'ystem for modeling of 1M leach·
ing of oride roppn ora, ( 2) detennine
the equilibrium Ihermodynamics and Ihe
adtorption and desorption kinetic. of the
",aclion belween gold and silve r cyanide
complu es and activated carbon parliclct,
(3) provide fundamental data on $(lIven I
utraction of coppe r from ammonia solu_
tions, ( 4) evaluate native planlJ for
vegelative . lahili.. t>On of lailings from
rnineral-proceJSing operations, and ( ~ ) de.
velop a thermocbemica\ model for sintering
of lead concentrates.
The Utah Geological .nd Mineral SUI'_
vey (UGMS ) completed federally funded
investigations of lead and zinc <>ccurrellCl!s
and iron 0'" depotit.o in Utah under the
Mi""rats Availabil ity Syltem program. AII_
other UGMS proje<:t, aim funded by the
748 MINERALS Y&AIl900 I:. I ,U

Table '~Iadicaton of Uuh ..... iDcse: ~ty

11'11 •
a._
.. d ot

Eoq."" 7.'".,_ toH.. ...n . l . ........ ,

TOMI .h1I ia" Iabo. lorco ___________ ____ " ...... 0.. __ 5ot. l IU.G + 1.'
U_IO~~~~;;;~;_;_:---- _____ ----.--....--.-""~~,U'=~~~."..'=~=-;;l.'•.,.=

u.m + 11.'
U .... +1 ...

~­ + 41.'
UII.I + tu
W ., _I'"
,ft m
__________ • _____ •• 11110.. __
_10110" ••• •
...... +~

'"'
_0 • • • • ______ ••

au .slI
·P•• II"'h.....
' 1)0,1& .... r."' ..w 10 tolalo .......,. ..... u.. ot In ...... r>6011t 1'<Iuodl....
.... . _ , U .8. Doopart ... ""...t COII'- •• ••• U.I. Dep. rt ..... ' ot Labcn-, Hlo;h... . nd 11M., Coo_
otndl<n' Moe ......... .,,4 U.s. Bu""u ot ' IIIIU.

\200

200

0 1 -_ _-,:
19&0 196 5 1970 1975 191 0

Firule I.- V. lue of mioe production of coppr r, and total value of mioeral producdoo
io VI,h.
 THE MINERAL INDUSTRY OF UTAH
Federal Bureau of Mines, to collect data
on the methane content of Utah coals ",-ent
into il> .econd year.
The National Park Service developed a
Itatement of mana.gement objective. for
Capitol Reef National Park in Wayne
County. Th e park boundaries enclose a
total of 241,6?t ac re, of land. Federal
land iotal, 218,559 acre;, and the balance
con, i'I> of 21,410 ac"," of State land and
1,702 acre< of private land. A large part
of the Fedual land would be cla.sed a .
"proposed wilderne" subzone ," or "nat·
ural environment subzone." Most types of
land development would not be permitted
in e ither .ubzone. Approximately 35 small
pockets of land within the park boundar;"
REVIEW BY MINERAL COMMODITIES
MIN RAL ' UI U
Asphall and Reb-ted BitumelU.-output
from the State', two giisonite.producing
propertiel in Uintah County incre ..... d 9%
in quantity but decreased 12% in value as
a =ult of lower average prke for Ihis
commodity.
Carbon Di .... ide__ AII production of cu_
bon dioxide continued to come from one
well in the Fa,nh&rn Dome field, Carbon
County, but output declined 80% corn·
par~d with that of 1975. Valu~ dropped
75%.
Coal (Bituminous}.--coal production
during 1916 was principally from mines
in Camon, Em~ry, and Sevier Counties.
Exploration was underway in other coun_
ti~., and it i. probable that coal will be:
produced from these areas in future years.
Coal production in 1976 increued 14%
in quantity and 32% in value, compared
with that of 1975.
United States Fuel Co., a subsid iary of
UV Ind""tri .., Inc., announced plans to
enlarge il> coal_producing operations in
Camon County as a result of a major ne,,'
contract arranged with N~vada Power Co.
Under temu of the contract, the fuel com_
pany will deliver 6.4 million to 8.1 million
ton. of coal 10 the Nevada Power Co. plant
at Moapa, Nev., during the period January
749 .
are classified al "private development sub-
zone," which are areU of conditional use
permi t< granted by the Naliona.l Park Setv_
ice or are are.. of State or private land
with cU""''''t development. Pennits for de_
velopment on .Federal land tract. will not
be renewed afie. expiration of present
ag...,.,ments. Four oil and gu p erm its in
the park expire no later than 1980. Land
in the "private development .ubwne" is
principal·l y State property wilh a oma!]
acreage of private land. The National Park
Service hopes to ...... ntually exchange Fed-
eral land elsewhere for the State land
within the park and purchase all private
land in Ihe Park.
1, 1917, to Dec~mber 31, 1994. The coal
will be: ~~tracted from the pre""ntiy op_
erated Hiawatha mine, or possibly in part
from a new mine that may be opened by
1981, dependent upon additional contracts
to .upply coal to otber buyen.
Vall~y Camp of Utah, Inc., began unit
train shipment. of coal from its Carbon
County properties to Nevada Pow~r Co:,
electric generating plant at Moapa, Nev.
T .....o unit trains transport a total of ap_
proximately 8,000 tons per week of coal
to th~ southern Nevada plant.
Soldier Creek Coal Co., a wholly owned
subJidiary of California Portland Cement
Co., began production at the Soldier Creek
mine in the Book Cliff, fi~ld following a n
uten'i ve rehabilitation project. The mine
furnishes coal to c~ment plants owned by
the parent company at· Colton and
Mojave, Calif. , and Rillito, ·Ariz.
General E~ploralion Co, and Swisher
Coal Co. of Price .ig ned a .contract to sell
13 million tom of coal from Swilher'.
Gordon Creek and Huntington Canyon
properties to a major Gulf Coa!! utility
over a 15-l"'a( period. Deliverie. were 10
besin in 1978. The agreement prov.idel for
two Jucc ...i"" 5.year renewal, after Ihe
initial 150year contract hal been
completed.
'50 MINERALS YI'!AIUJOOK, Ill'll
T.W. -f.-Utah: Bitu.tlli_ coal production, by
{E.-.h......1_ producLD. 1_
.•,
. 8t.ll> '\uer
------.-----
••
'W WllhMld to _YOii 'dJo<l•• I •• '_P'D~ PI'OP.;w. ... daU. : 1•• l~cIod .. ltII "U..u.t.llHo~"
\l"llIolocl."
Nat" ...1 C" The quan tity of marketed
narunl IU was 57.4 billion c ubic feel, an
increhC 0'.';'
~r ,hat nu.rketed in 1975.
T~ a''''f2~ wo.lJhf,.d price inc~.-.d from
48.0 cents pet 1ho..... 1Id cubic £.,.,1 in 19n
to :W.5 ccnu pt. thooDOO cubic reel in
1976, equivalent 10 • 10lal VIII...., of $29
miHion for, the marketed natural las.
The Slate Div;.ion of Oil, Gu, and
Mining' ,..,por~d production of 77.1 bil_
lion cubic feet 0'
"'Iural S.., of .... hich
:ro.• billion cubic reel w.. inj...,led into
reoervoin for ItOrate . San Juan County
wa Ihe ]Irwesl produ«r, with Dud..". ne
and Uinlah Counties in o«ond and third
pix.. • •0 "",,1;" c ly. The three counties a(_
«MInled for 84'7. of tile Strote', natural P'
output. . County, 1.2 million barteu; and Lisbon
Natural gao te.e~, estimated by tile
American Petroleu m Inltitute (API ) and
the AlIlt'ric.an GaJ Awx:iation (AGA) (0.
taled 0.83 trillion cubic feet. DurinA' 1915,
dttte~ by 68 billion cubic feet.
productive SO _lit ""'.., com·
durinA' the yur-four in Grand
and one in Carbon County.
';"00 01
i quan.
natural
and AGA
at ",atend
i9i',:,'a deerease of 6.9 million barrel.
compared "'ith 1915 fi,urel.
Petroleum.- Prvd uction 0( crude petro-
I... m durin! 1916 deere~d 19% oom-
pared with that of 19a. Total ...1.... drop-
ped 8%. Duchesne County wa, the moot
productive county, accounti"ll' for $0'70 of
the crude petroleum. San Juan County was
second with 29'70 of tile lOIal production.
In third and fourth piau w...c Uinuh
type: 01 mine and .,....'1. ;. 1976
u.... 1._""'" __ .... n&l171
.•,
Total
and Summit Countie' , telpe<: t;vely, with
14% and 4% of the SUlle yield. Summit
County ,urpartd Garfield County aJ a reo
... It of _enl MOe,"!"nce 0( tile new Pine·
.,i.ew field .
The Bluebell field in Duchesne and
Uintah Counlics was Ihe lead,nA' produc.
tive field w,th 8.9 million barrel. of oil.
The Greater . Aneth field in San Juan
County. was second w,th 8.2 million barrels
of oil , follow«l by the Altamont field ,n
Duchesne County with 7.3 million barreu;
R«I Wub Unit. Uinlah County, 2. 1 mil·
lion barrel.; Ceda r Rim field in Ducheuic
County, 1.4 million barreu; Upper VaI~
field in G ..fic!d County, 1.2 million bar.
.... 1.; WonsitJ Valley field ;n Uintah
field, San Juan County, 1.0 million barrel.
of oil. These eigh t field. accounted for
91 % of the oil produced ;n tM: Slate.
Proved crude oil rete....., in Ullh at
yeare nd 1976 were 183.2 million ba,...,u. a
dec .... ~ 0( 2$. 1 miNion barte"ll compared
with that of 197$.
Ei,M oil refineries in the State processed
>14.8 million bar ....1o of crude oil; Ullh
field. provided 18." million barreu and
26.3 miHion barrel. were received from
other State •. Colorado pro";ded 18.$ mil·
·]ion barrel. and Wyoming, 1.S million ~r·
....1 •. Oul-of-SUIC Ihipmcnll of Utah crude
oil totroled 1".8 million barnl!Js', of which
.5.8 million .... enl to Cali(omia; 3.3 million,
to Ttus; and 3.0 mill ion, to Colorado.
Other Stat..,. nl!uivinS o.mal~r quantities
included illinois, Oklahoma, New Muico,
WyominA', and Kansa.s.
• Utab Dotp .......~nt or N.tu,.l _ . _ . DI.!·
.Ioa of OU, G... nd Mintn • • Moatht, OU an~
Gao P ..., ...108 ~ o...... m " 'U.
 Til lE MINERA L U1DUSTJlY or UTAH 761

Table 5.-Ulah, Oil alld , .. wdl drillill, completiolll ill 1976, by collllt)'

~ .. 0"
__________..00._____
------------ -----. , ..,
------------------- ,,
10
.. ,
------_.
..• "
••

•
------ ---_..------------
--------- _--------- • .. ..••
------- --------------
'_Ioo •• m\ ..tI. .. _ _ Jo,. A _ u P.....IooI. I ..Utootc.
s... r .. , A IIM ...... r.troln..oo I • •or ......

Accordin~ 10 AP I, 121 oil.nd , •• well.
"'cn: compleled in the S~tt durinll 1976.
Fifty.f..... perunt of the well. developed
into produce" 60 oi l and S po ...<:111.
Drillinll activitie. ",ere condu cted in 13
con ntie•. AI in other yean, • Ilrlle number
of the new productive weill wen: in
Duch~"" Coun ty. In 1976, 31 we lls were
drilled in Duch~"", with 30 bccominll oil
producen. In San Juan County, 36 wdb
we re (ompleted ;ncludinll 23 new oil
prod uce".
IleryUium.- Brulh Wellman, I nc., an-
lIOulI(ed plan. 10 upanil ill beryUiurn u_
tr.ction f.ci litie. at Delta, Millard Counly.
pl.nt procc.... bert ... nditc on: from the
cOmpa ny" mininll operaliOfU al Spor
M .... nl.i .., J uah County. When the addi-
tio .. i. compkltd. the plant will be the
only o ne in Ihe Uoittd SlI~ c.pable of
procellinll both be rt ra .. dite and beryl orel.
Copper.~The outp,,1 of copper in_
creased S% ~r that of the previ ..... year,
larllely bcca ..... of 11>0'" .wilu.ed opera·
lion. al Kenn.e.:OIl Coppc1'" Corp.'. Bin,_
ha", Canyon mint. T o tal value of (opper
production inc",a.ed 13% aI a rault of
•• lillhtly highe r IV"'lIe price per pound
compar-cd with the 1915 price. The mine
a, Binllham WII lhe la rgeot lint'" copper
producer i .. the U nited Stal~. Olher sig.
nific.nt coppe r producen in the S~tt in_
cluded Park Ci ty VenlU",. in the Park

al .n ~tim.altd cort of "'5

A beryl on: proceuing plant will be added
million to
treat orcs currently pf"llCClltd in the com·
City a rel .nd me Burgin . nd Tri"ie !nines
in the Ea.!1 T in tic diolri ct. Copper produc-
tion WII recorded from seven ... ",.,. ;., ItA
pany planl al Elmo re, Ohio. The p.--nl counties.
752 MINERALS ~.IIOOJ:. 111&

_.tr
Table 6.-Utah: lofi"" productioa (ruo.crabk' ef KOld, lihn,
ud IiDe, by
~t, .... d,

III~ \oteI _______ • ___ _

......"lal

_.,
oolcl ..,
,-
.-~ .•
_"""
811 ...

III' kUI. ___._______ •• ~~

.11',.."
, ---... ----- n ,dl N ,t . tl1,Olol
IIaIt t.ooke ___ ____ •
UlataI!. _________ _ w W W
ULolt ______ •••

U~bu.~~: _::::==:~~~~~~:=~~~~~~~!=:i~~~==~~~~
. . •.

::1: =: :-:- : -: -:- : -: -:- :-

III. ,
,.... ----------
8&lI;LIoh __ •• __
UI.Lolt • ____ ___ _
ULolt _________ _
Uadb ... lt.._ •

W Wltllbelcl to .... Id dlod... ln~ oompaD.J' prop.lot&,,- "'ta, I•• l~.s.d I. "UBclbt.ibut&cl. ..
'Opowa_ .t old. mm .... ..I_II........ . 1.... _ _ ..... taII .. p ........ lrc ",I... """ .,...
•..no..ar.lllu,. ",1_ .a........ t""", which hn> ..... _ .... _Oftd.
'Iadlldoo Ir'OII, IIDl.~ .ad 1III_lt eou,,'1000 _ , , _ '" .... I. dlocl .. l,..
_"'-tl&l elata, u.U.... lI,d.l ••_ . , '7",110>1 W.
1a'*' ......
1 _ .... ,
' t - lb. Y. . 11.11.

Table 7.-Utah: Mille prociu.clion ( reCO'f'crabk ' of 1OId, silnr, (:Opper, 1cad, I.IId
,iDC in 1976, br claM of ore Or other _fa! matcrbl

N~ ..bH

••
.. I .....
 THE .nIDAL INDUSTRY 01> t.rrAll 753
Table 8.-Utah: Mine production (recoverable ) of ",Id, ailYCl, copper, lead, and
zillC in 1976, by Iypc 01 material prvc I'ed and melbod 01 ~ry

~.t ",.terlal PI'O C d nd

_001 of """"'01'7
~.

........
"~ )
--,
,-
su •.,.
""-
,-"
-,
~
("'OK
ou,
-.
,-"
ou,

1$7.m 2.$67.117 1&1, I U U,2t7 21.111

a.M' . H.III '"

'1-. t .... "" nit.
" Data do not od4 to total.ho .... boca... of In<l<l>ODd.ont !'OII.dl... ,

--------------------r-------------------",

•Z "
0
•
•
•0
Z
"
•0
Z
,••0 "
Z
•
,

J fMAMJ JASOND JfMAMJJASOND

1975 1976

Figu"" 2,- Minc production 01 copper in Utah, by month, In terms of recoverable ..... tal ..
 751
c..', Production oJ pld declined 1%
;n 1916, but the! tolal value dropped 23%
at .. refull of .. 1(>We.. aVf!ra«,! gold price
through the year. Gold was produced at
,ill mines ;n 6~ count;". The prin<:ipa)
prodl.lcer was Kennecott Copper Corp. at
the Biqham Canyon mine, followed by
!.he TrUie mine in the Eut Tiolie diruicl,
ab. """rated by Kennecott.. Kettnccou'.
T iltie DiviJ;on enpsN in dewolopmlMl'
wod< at the once-famOUI ) bmmoth pld
mi"" near Eunh, J.... b County. The
mi~, jd~ for 20 yea ... , had produced SOld,
IU""" copper, and lead. Dump materi..!
from the Mammoth mine ;. uted :u a /lUll.
in. -.gent in Kennecott', ...,ehc. near
MIIDI,
IfOII ~.-AII 11'011 ore. mined in the
State were utracted from deposits in Ihe
l roo M O\lJItaiu and I ron Sprinp .. lUI of
Iron County by two comp.~ CFa l
51«1 Corp. mined ore from the Comstock
properly on I ron Mountllin and Utah In_
ternational, Inc., prodl,lted low.grade ores
from three propertie. in the Iron Sp rings
Ir.,I, A portion of Ul.lh International',
prGdllction was alluvial ore, which was up.
s:nded in the cOmIN-lIy'l portable plant.
ThiI ore, I.OIfether wilh other crude ore,
w.. C<>nct:Dtnlfd in the puS:JM:lic ..,.".......
Ii.. pt.nl al Imn Sprinp. The a""",1"
COD lent of iron for Ihe d irect ihippms: ores
and concem .... let wll 54.43%. Total ton.
nare for Ihe yea r dec",ued compared with
Ihll of 1975, but v.lue inc",iUed. Vir.
tually all produclion was used in the imn
and It~1 indullry.
Lea~res containins: Iud were
miaed fmm [ou r propen;et in Imn, Juab,
S .... mil. and Utah Counl;et. The lal"l"'l
Je;>d producen were the Ontario mine of
P uk Cily Venlures. Unikd Pa.... City
Minel Co. in Summil Counly, and Ken.
ne<ou'l Burs:in mine in Utah County.
Lead production increased 29'7~ over Ihat
nf 197~. The averal" price per pound WII
,ruter and total value of production rose
38r;. .
Mac-si11lll.- The MafllCll um Div. of
NL Indutlries, Inc., on the west shore of
Gnat Salt Laic. IUlpended commercial
production of masnaium metal al the
end of April. The planl , delilflM:'(l for pm-
duction of 'U,OOO lonl of magnelium an.
nuaUy, h .. operated below capacily a. a
resvlt of many lechnical probleml. P lant
production was recnood to pennit tall
on a limited number of modified electm-
lytic tells. Represenla,i...,. of the Nor·
we,ian magnesium producer Nonk Hydm
A/S, OlIo, Norway, served .. conlwtants
for the project. At a reault of the tall
on Ihe modi6ed ~k, pt. ... were made for
ano million averilaul of the plan t.
MoI,.. . . .l m All molybdeuUln ",cov·
ered in the State was a byproduct of con.
centration of coppt!. l ulSde ores from the
Bintham dUllict by Kennecott Copper
Corp. Yield durin, the yea . decreased
Ili,hdy more than 1% bul ,reater aver.
a8e price for the commodity nlulted in
an 18% inc ",ue in value over that of
1975. '
SeIeDi"m P roduction of selenium in
1976 increned 13%. At in palt yean, all
pl'Oduction resWted from proee' in&, cop-
.pet ore mi""d in the Bingham dinrict by
Kennecnll Copper Corp.
Sil>'e •. -The leadin&, Iilver producer in
the . Sta te durin&, 1976 wal the Bin&,ham
mine of Kennecott Copper Corp. Othe r
li,ni ficant produccn were the Onla rio
lIIi"" of Park City Ventures in the Park
City area and the Burtin and T rixie
nUlla in the East Tintic dillnct ope .. kd
by KennecOlt. A total of seven mines in
Ilia counties produced li lve. durilll' the
~ar. Total oil"". yield wao II~ more Ihan
in 197~. Value was 9% hi,her.
TWlp tell.-Produetion of tunpten in
Utah ..... 38% above Ihat of 1975. T o tal
value inc reased 71%, in part because of
increued .""ral" price pe r Unil of WOO.
Scheelile orel we", produced from three
mineo in 80" Elder County and two mines
in Tooele County d unn&, 1976. The Box
Elder County mines included the Blue
Lady ""at Pa rk Valley, operalfd by eo ...
dor IndUllnet, Inc .; Ihe Sun u .. nium
property on the eul tide of the Newfound.
land Range, mined by Sorenson and Coi.
lie.; and the Glory Vein property, oper_
ated by Themeo, Inc., and located 7 milel
IOUtheUI of YOI!. In T oole County, 0..,
WQ mined on the Fraclion Lode property
by • leuee, Abracadabra Ellplo .... tion
Corp. Thil propeny WQ previOUtly oper.
ated by T imm T unpten Co. Clt P Le.....
inr a[so mined ores from the Star Dust
property. The Tooele County mineo lie 2
10 3 mile. no rth",etl of Gold Hi!l. Orel
produced by Condo. Indutl.iel, Inc. , and
C& P Leuin, "'ere soned hi,h.srade Ore!
 THE MDlJ:a4t. INDUSTRY OF 1.I'l'4R
and Wue IOId without concentration. 0 .... ,
from the other thlft mines w.:re tre&l"<l
at cu. tom mj]1! in N..vada.
U r.... ium. -Uranium production came
from mines ill San J uan, Emery, and
Grand Countiet, with mo.t o f the p roduc-
lion from. San J uan County. Production 01
uraniwn in 1976 int reu..d 20% in quan.
tity and !i1% in value. 'I'he .""....p price
role from .12.30 per pound UA in 1975
10 ,16. 10 per pOund in 1976.
P lan. for corucruc tion of a plant 10 ex-
t .... CI uranium from copper leaching lIOIu.
tionJ were .nnoun.c:"<I by Wyoming M in.
e •• l Corp., • lubaidi.ry of Western Wetl.
inghoUle E lectric Corp. The plant wil! be
bulll adjacent to tbe copper leachi ng and
p"""'pit.tion facilit;"" of Kennecoll Cop-
per Corp. in the Bingham diOl.kt. Con.
llruction of the uranium pl."t will begin
in utly 1977, with completion pl.nned
near yearend 1977. Kennecott ha, ope ••
.ted • pilot \lfAflium extrac tion plant in
the Bingham area for the put """,ral
yean. Wyoming M ineral Cnrp. UpeCIl 10
recover approll;,natel y 143,000 pounds of
UA a nnually from the uranium.bearing
copper solutions.
WCltem Nuclear, Inc., a wholly own"<l
l ublidiary of Phelps Dodp Corp., con.
ducted uploration and other investiga-
tion. of Ihe Mary.vale ufAflium area,
P iu te County. Many claims in the <;eo lral
pari of the dilt . ici a re held undu lute
by WCltern Nude... Several uploratory
drill hoi", were completed and a Iow.angle
in.c:lined shall was ,unk ' 0 permit undu.
ground drilling and potential ore ""tr"".
linn. Comiderable ura nium ore, Cltimated
at 215,000 IOns, wa, mined in the area
durin, tbe pe.iot! 1949-67. 'I'he average
grade was appl'Ollimately 0.20% UQ.
WCltem Nuclear also con trols the M ystery
Sniffer \I .... nium p roperty in the Indian
Clftk area of Beave. County, located 14
mil.,. by mild northeut of lIeave " and
the Monarcb and Eureka ufAflium.lluo.·
spa r property in the Wah Wah iUonge ,
48 mileo by road SOUthwesl o f Mi lfo rd,
Beaver County.
Vaudipm Produo:tion and va lue ol
v.nadium inc~.sed. notably dwing 1976.
Nearly all vanadium.beari nr ores were
from min.es in San Juan County, with a
minor • ......, n t coming from Emery
Counly. The ores we ... proxeued a1 mills
in Utah and Colorado.
755
ZIDC.- Two mines, the Ontario in Sum.
mit County and the BUrFn in Utah
Coun ty, produced ~iM ... lly all the zinc
mined in the State. Zinc tonnage increased
14,.. compared with that of 191 5. Value
of the zinc In....,ased 9%.
NOIPMITAU
Barite.--C rude barite wal not produced
in lhe State in 1976. Barite from out...,f.
State 1Ilu.e. was ground and prepa ... d for
well-drilling mod by tne following five
companies in Salt Lake County: All M in.
eral. Corp. , C ....1Om Millinr and Supply,
Ei",nm.n Chemical Go., Rocky Mountai n
Refractories, and Wertemco, inc.
Crmeat.--Output o f portland cement
inc~ued 7'70 in quantity and 19'70 in
..... lue. Increases in quantity and value also
were recorded for masonry cemen t. All
production a nd .saler we ... by Ideal Cement
Co., Div. of Ideal Ba,ic I ndUllries, inc. ,
and Portland Cement Co. of Utah. Ready.
mi>: concrete compan;"s p urchased. 71'70
of the port{and cement 'lIOld , highway con-
IrulOn.ued 1'%, concrete product manu.
bct\l... n used 8'70, buildinr material deal.
e" ulI!d 6'70, and the remainin~ 2% was
pu.rchued by contruton and other ull!n.
Raw materials 1.ISed in making po,tt..nd
<;emen! included limestone , cement rock ,
gypsum, blut furnace . lag, and u.ndstone .
CLo)'l.-Produclinn of clays fen 8'70 in
quan1lty and 13% in value from outp ut in
1975. Mlninr was conducted on 12 prop-
erties in 8 counties. Utelite Co, p., Moun.
tain Fuel Supply Co., Interpace Corp., and
Filtrol Gorporation aCCO\l.nted for almost
9 7% of the State', cla y production. Mate.
rial. listed a, d ays included common ct..y
and Ihale, bentonite, fire clay, fullu'. earth,
and kaolin. MOlt of the clays ...., ... used
as upanded material for CODCrete block
and li,htwei(ht asg ...,ale, in manufactu,·
ing building brick, and as cawy", in oil
refinin,.
Fluon pu.- P roduction 01 lI uonpar was
l ubstan tiall y lowe, than in 1975. All p ......
duction was dasliJied as metallurgical.
grade lI uonpar. U .S. Ene,,, Corp. in
J uab Cou llty accounted for the tota l "'ip..
menll.
Gypsum. -Five comp."ies prodllcetl
gypsum durin, lhe ~a, from operatiom
I" J uab, M illard, Sanpete, a nd Sevier
Counties. The produci ng companies were
766
eeof1;a.Pacific Corp., United States Gyp-
111m Co. , Colt Enterprises, Inc., Thorn..
J. Ped: It. Son', Int. , and White Moun.
lain Gypsum Co. Production of crude
"'II'um increased 9% in qu.o.ntilY and 14%
in value. Georgia-PilCific Corp. and United
States GYP' .. m Co. eakined ,)'plum mined
in Sevier County. Output inc~1Ued 8%.
1';""',_Four compania operatins: in
Ih_ counUn accounted for all the lime
production in the State durin, 1976. The
active companiu were Utah M.rbIeM..!.
Lime Co. and The F lintkote Co., both ;n
Tooele County; Kennecott Copper Corp.
in Sal! lake County; and Utah·Idaho
SUI" Co. in Box Elde, County. The lime
wal used principally for reff2Clorie.,
mNOn'. lime, and in the Rotation of lul_
lid. copper 0..,.,. Total lime output in-
ti '"d 2!i'7<.. A lo'al of 120,000 tons of
lime wu conAlmcd in Utah. Other SUotes
will, Uuh lime wen: California, Idaho,
and Colorado.
Mapcsium Campouoda._ Production of
m..,.,esium compound., .n from lake
brines, WI, reported by Ore .. ' Salt Lake
Mine.al. at Chemical Corp., open,ing
wet of Ogden in Weber County, and
XailCt Aluminum &. Chemical Corp. ~a.
Wmdoyer, Tooele County. Production
dunnl 1976 inc",ued 50% in quantity
aNI 19% in value.
Perlite,.-PJanu of The Pall Co. in Salt
Lake County and Geortia.P.ci6 c Corp. in
5e>ier County expanded perlite from nut.
nf.State SOUfCft. A .u~t.nljal incre, se in
expanded perlite for ho.ticultural pur·
potes and agricultural &3"1"'pte wa. u-
ported. Another use wu fn. pI:..te. an"'"
sale.
"''''pbte II ..... -Slaufl"e. Chemical
Co. was the only proc!uu. nf phosphate
rod< in the State. Two millCl we.., active,
an npen pit p~rty ~ar Vernal in
Uiu. h Counly and an unde.rround mine
In rhe Cr. wfnrd Mnun tainl, Rich Cnunty.
Productinn dedined 2.5%, but beeau"" nf
increued unit price' during the year, the
tnlal value wa. nn]y 2% ku.
p,'''+ - nll'ft companies produced
polaoh ... Iu durinS tM yea •. Texugulf,
Inc., uom ...Iution mininr method. to u-
C~r salu from ""'" nel . Moab, Grand
Co.nty. Xai<er Alum inum ok Chemical
Corp. eltuacted salt. from brines at Wen.
d",e., Tooele County. The thi rd Cnm·
pany, Great Sat! Lake Mineral. &; Cherni·
ellI Corp., produced .. h, from Great S.lt
Lake waten west of "'den in Weber
County, Sales rose 19'7. in quantity and
.5% in value over that reported in 1975.
PIlDlIce. -Produclinn nf pumice and
nther volcanic materialo incteued nearly
tenfnld because of a new operatinn that
produced. m.terial Inr JandlUpinS and
",lI<;rele assrepte. Other productiOn wu
\lti l'-<l in road construction. Filmnre
Proc!\lca, Inc., mirw:od ' l:lIllCrial in M illard
County and the Utah Slale Road Com·
miuinn produced.· lrom a depo,iI in Iron
Cnl1J\ty.
Salt.-Nine companies produced ... ]t
from plana;n seven cn\lnties durinS 1916.
Salt production incn:ased 12% in quantity
and 31 % in value over that nf 197.5.
Evaporated .alt ;"':1 1 produced by lix com··
pani.. nperatinr in Box Elder, Salt Lake ,
Tooe]e, and Weber Counties. One mine
cam in Sanpete .nd Sevier Count... p«>-
d\lced. rock lah and an operation in Utah
County produced brl~. The 1&11 ....... \llCd
in many indUlln ...1 applicalinDl, induding
the chemica] and animal.feed processing
ind\lllriel, but mott wa. \lted fnr toad uk
and pvel in Utah....., .'0
SaDd .nd Gravel.- Prod\lctinn of land
durinr 1976,
bul b«.a ...... nf a dec",ue in aven&e unit
price fro", $1.41 per ton to $1. 21 per
ton, the Intal value declined 6%.
In the nonmelallic sroup, land aDd
Ifa",,1 ",mained in ~hird plate in total
value nf commodity productinn , . fler ce-
ment and potauium lalu. A tOI ... ] of 8.5
minins operatintU we", ... cti"" in 25 of
Ihe 29 countie. in the Slate. Salt Lake
County wa. the kadinS producer, fol~
by D... vi. and Sanpete Co!.Intie., Oper... ·
tioN in thete three count i.. accnunted
fnr 62% of the SUI te'. sand . nd lfra""l
prod\lctinn.
Sodi..m Su.lfale.--C",at s.lt Lake Min-
efllll &. Chemieab Corp. produced oodium
.ulfate ;n ito plant on the Ihnre nf G..,at
S... lt Lalte, Welt nf Ogden, Weber Cn\lnty.
Production increa",d 47'7. in quantity and
.57"/0 in valu~,
StoDe. -Prod\lctinn nf .tnne wal re.
ported from 38 quat';". in l ~ cn\lnt~
durinS 1976. Total 'tnne production in-
cre.1td 11 % io q..antity and 14% in
value, Threoe count;". Bolt Elder, Mor·
pn, and Utab-.:cnunted for 67% of the
10111 output. P rincipal produ cing Cnm·
.,.nies were United State. Steel Cnrp. ;
Idea] Cement Co., Div. 01 Idea] Buie
Indumies, Inc. ; Southern Pa cifi c hil·
 757

Table 9.-Utah, C.."..hed "ODC oold or used by prodllet!n,..,. ..... '

(n.-ood..,,, ~ .Itd u.ou ..... cIoIloIn)

'"' Val... q"ntlt, '"'

-----------.--._. ..-------

: •••• _, . . . . .~••• "",... 10•• _

... -
,........w.

road Co.; and Portland Cn>ent Co. of
U....
Ve .... kalik.-Cnu:\e Yerm;';u]J", was
not produced in Utah in 1916, but out ....!.
State material waJ ufoliated by Ver.
miculite Intermountain, Inc., Sr.h Lake
City. The produc t will told and used prin.
eipaJly as ioOM fill iMulillion. Other ~
inel uded roofing agreptc, conCre'" .,_
lres'lt, plaster .... resate, JOi] condition.
in" and pipe c~r;np;.

T"'~ IO.-PriDclpal prod,,"",

&08:."']t, A _. n Ollooalle U ~"-t ... "d ...1... Ul mtaJp"

....,.n_, a....1t W"1aaa, I. .
...."
...... DJo,,,,,
0 _ . I t _ and
W&ll ..... la lOt ___: _

Dot._.
n l 1<10&1 Co .. ( 8 1.,
Colo. 10US ____ d<t
------------ ¥ ' .....

Box 14 9 ----_..----- kIt L.b,

~ """' ..............
Salt Lau e ll,. VIAll "' ll~
..It .. W.....-- II",..
LM ......1... Ctihr. _ .
laME "n Con ____ _____ __ IHI Lot Felli III...
... .. ......
0 ....." .....
-I
()pn
,
!>It ____ _
,l. ....

Lao Aapioo. Calif . .....

• ro 0- DIt ..1_ ....

"""'.
Co.JyU~. Utalo lion pJa,,"
A III .... c-t Co __ n "h_
U1i~""''' ..,J _ _ .......,.,

P• • 'U Coal Co ___ ' __ ._n

Coooo., £ •• _ t Co$>po. 0 _ DII _1_ .." Lat ••M
COrP.'
Fl._., U.s. 1:........ Corp _.
' ' ' ''' Uhlo ' UII
W So.tt JIad_, h i'" I
. .......... w,... aull
....
..,Jllo, .... otter,
0 _ -~.
pll .1... ____ Ju.',
Ut.",

G, _ _ ,
o E..... ~

U.IW 1lU.t.

.. """!>OW"'
c.,. __ n
G~",
_Ill
•• ', ...., Onor. mN
C. _ III I, Wo.<br Dr,
e•• 01 utile.
CIoIcqoo, UL . . . . -
0.- .It .IM ...01 .. ,let.
___ , 010 __ ._ •• ______ Do.
758 III INERAt.8 YE.AJ.BOOK, 1111

Table I O.-Priacipal proch.a." COIIUIlatd

C, =o·m. a M _ ..... ,
Iro .. 0'"
C"6' 8 _ COorp •• •• _____ _ 0 .... DI\ ..In. _. 1","-
0 .... ~U ",In. . .11' Do.
Ural! loto .... tloDOJ. ' "' _..
uu : U.i\c Park Clu 11111_ ,"-
..... """'\,
U ' he •• OIIn' ..I.. 8u...1t,
,o.'
-,
TM PIIakot.o Co.' ______ _

JO._ ....""',
Mo-. ' n1"' aai ...1antJ ... "
GU.I ~ LaU /111 . .",1. iIoJ< liN ... _..,------_. __ ..
.. CIo_I • • l . 0,,",,'
itaIM • .\Ju", laum a
Cb ....leal Corp,'
Tn_ult, III. ____________
0 .. .,.... UUb I U OI
no LaltooloJoo I)• •
Oaltl ud. Callf. ~.U
----.., ------_.__..
!OO P ......... Undornoud ",I ...
N •• y ....k, N.Y, ' "11 .ad. ..II....,.,
8 111t: P Io.t ______ • • ___ T_k
A "...,.; . ... 8alt Co • • •••••• lid B , - " r
Ita_ Clt;y.~. "'III
lif.oI1<o_ 1.ten.aUO.... ' I • • _. 11. N. W ...... Dr.
(:ti' ... In.....
$oad ............ ,
eo" eo....-Ioa Co, h.c: _ ~. Nor'llo ""I t:.. ___ _ . . . _ _ _ _ To_To. 11&,....1<0-
GIIII>oo ... .. _ J""'~ Uu./Io .. e.u
Co _____ _ 4\ W. Ct1>11"&I A ye. Plla .ad. ~1 ...1& __ • 0...... Sal~
lIu........ VUII I'\f'! ~

__ . .... ____ •• ••• _.

w_.
Salt t.t• .
Do" U 7
Salt Lako Cit,. UIal!. Id ..
P.roo .. R "'~ M I ... Box 617
P.,.I,.. Co. 8 d"""", Cit)'. Ulah IUOI
S ..... , Qua...,. __ ___ __ .__ Do.
_u,"", p~tI . RaU_d
o.
UIIolI Calm.. Co~ I .. _ ••
, a a llt. HIN ___ .... _____ • __ ._ •• T_IL
• Uulo lUll
U ..111>04 S.. _ 6_1 eer...
W.t.n. 81oao
OPfttltlo .....
V . . ."'.:
Au.. 111111.....10 DI'o'oIoI> ci
A U... Corp.'
R io A !~
80. 488
11100.10, U tal!. Iun
COT».' _. .. _. _.' Box '10
U_.........n • •ln_
u ' plant, 0 .......
-"
S a n l uan.
U "",""n"""d ml •• _ 8." l un _
111",,1>, Utah uua
U.I .. a C.rblde Corp ___ ••• ITO Park A ....
N .... Vorl<, N.T . 1l1li11
---_... ------_..... 0 ....... ,
The Mineral Industry of Utah
ThiI chapter hila been prepared under a Melllorandum of Undentandin. beween the
Bureau of Minn, U.s. Department of the Interior, and the Utah Geological and Mineral
Su"ey lor c:oUeetln, blformatlon on all mineral..
By William A. McKinney'
The value of mjneral production in Utah
during 19'77 ~ $1 billion Cor the
I!oonci time in the mineral history d the
State, the lint til! • being in 19'76. The tota1
value of nonluel and fuel minerals produced
in Utah in 1977 ..... $1.1 billion, a 3.2%
ina ene over that of 1976. InCIU?!! in
value were h COld! Ii for metals and nOD-
metala; mineral fuels declined sligbUy.
Total value of the metals group iner! s sed
7% over that of 1976. InCienes in value
were noted for all of the metal commodities
except lead and zinc. Copper accounted ror
61% of the value of the met e ls group and
24'l(, or the value oC all minerals produced in
Utah
The nODilie tal• group inciEned 79(, in
value. Nine ooihmoditi_ incl! sse Ii in value
with IDpea,m••end and iiavel. and remeDt
registering the hig1:oot gai na, Phosphate
lock, pumice. eodium sulfate, gem stones,
and magDpsium COIllpt"lDde declined in val-
ue_
ProdLlCtion of mjneral fuels dediaed
e1ichtly in tot-I value, but lI!OCDWltecl ror
.....t 60% or the tota1 value of mineral
production in the State. Pebuleum. which,
alt;bougb dedioing 3" in value. was stj))
the hsding mineral commodity in the State
in tenDo ofvalue.
The final Environmeta1 Impact State-
ment was released for the Alumet 0>.'8
paopnled abJDite-proc eZTing plant and mine
in DelVer County. The proposed opention
would OAt $600 miU;on and would employ
1.000 people. Alunite ore would be mined.
fiViD the Wah Wah MOuntainR and then
proceIIeCl into aJnmina at the rate of
-
500,000 ton8 per year. Annual production of
byproducte would be 370,000 tons oC pote: :i-
11m sulfate fertilizer, 1.7 miJIion tons of
pbosphate fertilizer. and 20,000 tons of alu-
minum fluoride. The U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency (EPA) released a report
saying the plant would violate Clean Air
Act standards. EPA SUSB e. ted that the
plant emisrion control system would have
to be improved or the plant would have to
be located on flatter terrain where poUu·
tants would dispene farther. The entire
project has been placed in abeyance await-
ing additional finAncial backing.
Disoovery or a deep-lying porphyry-type
molybdenum deposit in southwestern Utah
W88 announced by Phelps Dodge Corp. The
find re Julted from exploratory drimng in
the Wah Wah Mountajna in Beaver County.
a few miles northwest of Alnmet's alunite
property. Drill holes showed mineralired
lIeations containing as much P8 0.88% MaS.
occurring at depths of 3,000 to 5,000 CeeL
The early drilling al80 indicated minor
tungsten values.
In mid·l977 Kennecott Copper Corp. be--
gan opelation of a $280 mi1Jjon sulfur diox-
ide emi : non control progi am at its Garfield
copper omelter. By yearend, two oC the three
Noranda r! acton employed. in the new
amelter Cor bigher"aulfur dioxide reoo.ery
were brought on«reatn. Conversion from
conventional reverberatory furnace smelt..
ing to the Norenda procem is to be com-
pleted in 1978.
I Eig'-tion and Government Pio-
pama.-Continued withdrawal of public
Jandl from ;:w;: e;;Ung and mining activity
587
588 MINERAlS YEARBOOK, 1977

is a major source of concern to the mineral
industries in Utah. An area of 26,927 acreS
in the Deep Creek Mountains of Juab and
Tooele Counties was withdrawn from min_
eral ezploration by the U.S. Department of
the Interior. Proepa!.ing activities by Atlas
Minerals, which held some uranium clajms
in the ar e were reported to have led to the
a
,
emergency withdrawal. the first such action
to be made under the provisions of the
Federal lend Policy and Management Act
of 1976. The Bureau of Lend Management
(BLM) stated that the withdrawal, which
affects only a sman portion of the 154,000
aaoo mthe BLM Deep Creek Management
Unit, was made to protect a number of rare
fish, plant, and anima] species, plus a num-
ber of Indian archeological sites, some dat-
ing beck 9,000 yeers. The withdrawal order
will be in effect until 1980, at which time
theBLM will make specific recommenda-
tions to Congie S8 for permanent designation
ofthearea.
The 29,567-acre Lone Peak area eoutheaet
of Salt Lake City in the Wasatch Mountain
Rang<! wae officially deeignated ae a Wilder-
ness Area, the first region in Utah to be so
designated. Eleven other Utah sites are
under study by the BLM .. "instant study
arees " for review for P1lPible wilderness
status.
The Bureau of Mines awarded a metaJlur-
gy research giant in the amount of $22,700
to the University of Utah to obtain funda-
mental information on the le,cldng behav-
ior of the copper sulfide mjneral bOrnite,
and to incorporate this infoJ'lllation in
mathematical modeling of copper waste
dump leaching. Previous Bureau gIants to
the University of Utah on modelin'g of oxide
copper ore leaching, kinetics of gold and
silver adsorption on activated carbon, sol-
vent extraction of copper from ammonia
solutions, evaluation of native plants for
tailings stabilization and modeling of lead
sintering were still in effect during 1977.
The Utah Geological and Mineral Survey
completed two giants awarded by the Fed·
eral Bureau of Mines to develop dataJor the
Mineral Availability System on 1e8d and
zinc deposits and iron ore occurrences in
Utah. Detailed mjne mapping of gassy
seams was started on a Bureau of Mines
giant for collecUon of data on the methane
content of Utah coals.

Table t.-Mineral production in Utah'

1976 1977
Q"antity V"'ue Quantity V"'ue
(tb o"8'nds) (thousand,)

CarboD d<mide, natural __________ tho""nd cubic: feeL _

Clays ____ ________________ thousand short ton&... _ 21~ W
'2« '$718
W
Coal (bituminouaL ______________________ do__ _ _
'$I 8,581 174,342
Copper <recoverable content of 01 EI, ete.) ______ short tona.... _ 185.458 194.130 259.85'
nUOisptir ___________________________ dcL __ _
Gem~ ______________________________ _ W
NA NA 100
--
Gold becoverablecontentof ores,ete.) _ troy onnCFF _ 187,318 210,601 31,219
".
n _ n

Gypsum __________________ thousand short ton&... _ 27. 2,51.

Iron ore In.sbleL _____ thousand long tons, gi' p weighL _ W 1,982 19.780
I eed (Jeco'fe.eble content of OI! I, etc.) _______ Ihort tona.... _ 16.297 10,746 6,598
Lime _ n ___ n _____ n _ __ __thonsend short tona... _ 202 209
a Un .. , . . _______ _ ______ ___ _ ml·IrIon cub"~
8,27'
N, -' Ie ""'.... _ 57,.&16 eo,'" 87,146
Petroleum(erude) ________ th()lllSnd .Zpllon barrelL _
Pumioe _nn _____ n n n ___ thousencI short toni _
SUt __ ___ __________ ________________ deL __ _
34""
164
33,113
W
308,872
W
Sand and graver- _____ ___________ _______ deL __ _ '05 848 10,831
10,547 11,895 18,662
Silver (rl!iCO¥ei able content of or EE,
ete.L ______________ _ ___ thoulPnd troy ouneeL_ 3,184 3,283 15.l69
Stone ___ _________________ thousand short tonL _
~'"
2,751 7,310
1'ungstea ____________ thousand pounds contained W__ W
Zine(reooverebleeontentofores,ete.) ____ . _ _ __ ~hort tona.... _ 22,481 '"
17,759
21.
12,218
See footnote. at end of table.
 THE MINERA.L INDUSTRY OF UTAH 589
Table I.-Minerai production in Utah' -Continued
I'"
Mineral Q"antity (~) Quantity
Value
(thouaands)

CoInbine ~ value of aaphalt, beryllium concentrate.

cement (maeonry and portland). clays (kaolin and
fuller's earth), magnelium compoo'ndl, molybdenum,
natural gas liQulde , phosphate rock. ~um
aalta, land and gravel (industrial).lJOidium -
IJId~, unmium, vanadium, and valuee indkat.ed
bysymbolW _ ____ _ ____ _ _ __ ___ _ ______ __ __ _ XX '162,102 XX 172,019
Total _ __ _ _ __ ___ ___ _ _ ___ __ _ _ __ _ __ _____ _ XX 1'1,052.105 XX
Total 1967 c:onat.antdollara _____ _ ____ _ _ __ ___ _ __ XX 378,232 XX ~085,339
....723
PPreliminary. 'Reviaed. NA NotavaiJable. W Withheld to avoid disclosing company proprietary data, include ~
in "C}nnhined value" flgUte.
IPro:iuction as menured by mine shipments, salee, or marketable P1oducUon(includingconsumption by producers).
'Exelud eB kaolin; included in ''Combined value" figure.
'Excludn kaolin aDd fuller's earth; included in "Combined value" fIgUre.
"Exclude I industrial sand andgravel; included in "Combined value" figure.

Table 2.-Value of minerai production in Utah, by county

(Thouoando)

County 1.,7 Minenls produced in 1977

"'6 in order of value

$30 Sand and gravel.

l,923 Stone. sand and gravel,lime, aalt, tungetel1.
l,W Sand and gravel, stone.
W Carbon dioxide. sand and gravel.
w , ••>~, tungsten.
-------- w
w
W
---- ----- - ','192
W
sand and gravel.
W clayo.
396
--------- W
W
'\"" ~~ and gravel, beryUium.
W
W
,e"
--------
SanJuan _ __ ___ _ _
3«,518 ~" sand and gravel.

......... - - -- - - - - -
Sevfer ___ _ _ __ _ _ _
Sllmmit ___ _ _ _ _ _ _
Tooele _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

Uintah __ _ ______ 63,275

Utah_ _____ _ ____ W
Wasatch... ____ _ __ _
W_ _ _ _ __ _
W....... ____ ___ _ _
Weber ___ _ ____ _ _
181
W
W
13,183
258

18,232
..
W

UndUtnDu~I ____ _ ____C'.~"=,.~

Totall __ _ ___ _ _
. __ ~~~I~A~I~.

1'1,052,105 1,085,839

'Revised. W Withheld to avoid diaclOlinrcompany proprietary data; included with "Undistributed."

Ilnebadea 80me u.nd and gravel that cannot be 51ian : i to specific eountiee, pm .tonee, natural gas (1977), natural (as
n

1~(I977)' petroleum (1977), coal (1977), and valuet indicated by symbol W.

~ may DOt add. to tot el • shown Mc.ueeofindependent rounding.
 590 MINERAUl YEARBOOK, 1977

Table 3.-Indlcaton of Utah bUliness activity

"'1' """-
percent

Em~&!!ftr:nd::t::':~~ ~~~ ___ _____ _____ ___ _~_

Unemployment ______ __ __ ...: ________ ________ _ _ ___ _ do... __ _ 513.0 528.0 +~9
29.0 28.0 ~.,

NUnma _____
""'...,..,."t ___ ___ ___ ___ ________ ____ _____ ___ do... __ _
("""Iri<uI""'"
Manufacturing __________ ___ ____ _______ ____ ____ CkL __ _ 14.0
_ __ _ __ __ _____ __ __ __ ___ _ ____ _ do... __ _ 70.7
27.1)
Contaw:t~on

Tre,4portAtion and pubUc utilitiel __________ _ __ _______ do- __ _

Wbcl Ie and retail trlde _ ___ _ _ ___ __ _____ __ _ __ _ ___ cKL __ _ 28.1
Fin· ..... tn.u.ranc:e. rNlMtate ___ _____ __ _ _ ____ _____ __ do.... __ _ 112.0
Sel . ''::2 ___ _ __ __ _ _ _ _ ______ __ _______ __ ___ _ _ ___ dIL __ _ 20.'
Qo<.;eillment _______ _ _ _ ___ _ ___ __ _ __ _ _ ______ ____ do.... __ '1'1.'

Total nonapieultural employment _____ ____ __ ________ do.... __ _ ~9 ....0 + 4:6

Pei . ... 1 i,..,..,.".·
Total ___ _ _ ____ __ ______ ___ _ _ _ ______ __ _______ millioaa... _
PerQ~~--_ - --- - -- - -- --- - ---_ - ----_-_-- - - - - - -- --- -
...
~.22 + 12.4
+9,2
Coutruction activity:
Nwnber ofprivate and public i 2 tidential unita authorized ___ _ _ ...: __ ___ _ 18.141 22,191
Vallie of nonE iMn~'-'
_ _ .... ""'-..
---"_....
.....wOD
, _ _ _ ___ _____ ____ __ _ -IUUUU ..... _
""-- $154.0 $173.1
ValueofState Ie rd COiItnct award. _ ____ _____ _____ __ ____ CkL __ _ $55.0
Sbip:-1Wnta ofportlaod and ~ cement to and within the State
162.'
thc-' nd abort torll _ ·~2
Mineral production
Tot.aIcrude value:
mineral value _____ ___ ___ __ _ _ _ _ ____ _ ___ IIlillkml _
Valuepercapita, 1 !ment population ___ _ __ __ __ ___ __ ____ ___ _ __
922

....,
$1,052.1
""
'1,086.8 +8.2
·.1
Value mjle ___ _ __ ____ _ _ __ _ __ _ _ __ _______ _ ____ _
per~~

"2,890
"'56
$12.781 +3.2

~.

Sou.... ,. U.s. ()eputment of Commerce, UB. Department of I_ben-, Hilhway and Heavy ConItruetiOD Maprlne, and
U.s. BureeuofM1n!l.

1,200,--------------------_
1,000 .
TOTAL
II>

""....
<[
800
....
0
C 600
Z
-........
0
-
~
400
..... Coppe .....\
-........ "'."'........ .......'
.
~ ~ ~ ~
~.:
,.,.. ~.. ...... ~

200
__ ... ............../ '.........
, .; /~" ./
.
•
o - - - - _ _ _ _ ~---.l----
1960 1965 1970 1975 1980

Ficure I.-Value of mine production of ~pper. and total value of mineral production in
Utah.
 THE MINERAL INDUSTRY OF UTAH
REVIEW BY MINERAL COMMODITIES
.,
IUTALS
BeryUium.-Brush Wellman, Inc., con-
tinued mining operations at Spor Mountain
and processing operations at its plant near
Delta. Beryllium production was approxi-
mately the same as in 1976.
Copper.-At the first of the year, Ken-
necott Copper Corp/ s Utah Copper·Division
went back to a 7-day work schedule for the
flI"Bt time in nearly 2 years. However, later
in the year, in the face of sharply declining
copper prices and a highly competitive
world market, the Utah Copper Division
announced a -10% reduction of its 7,000-
employee work force. The first cut was
made August 31, when 100 administrative
staff and supervisory employees and 80
union employees were laid off. The re-
591
maining reduction was to take place over a
12-month period through retirements, in-
terdepartmental transfers, and attrition
without replacements. Development of The
Anaconda Company's Carr Fork copper
project proceeded on schedule, .with produc-
tion slated to · begin in 1979. Output of
copper increased nearly 5% over that of the
previous year, but the total value was up
less than 1%. Kennecott's Bingham Canyon
mine was the largest single copper producer
in the United States. Other significant COl'
per producers in the State included the
Trixie mine of Kennecott Copper Corp. in
Utah County, the Ontario mine of Park City
Ventures in Summit County, and the Mam-
moth mine of Kennecott Copper Corp. in
Juab County. Copper production was re-
corded from five mines in four counties.

Table 4.-Utah: Mine production (recoverable) of gold, silver, copper,

lead, and zinc, by county

County
Mines
producing'
(lode) ......
Material
IOldor
(short tons)
Go)d

Value
Silver

1975, totaL _ ___ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6 27,751,500 189,620 $30,621,734 2,821,7lID $12,472,048

1976, total ____ _________ ====~ 8 == 30,058=,2S4====18'7=,'=18= 23,474,692 3,134,021 13,632,991
1977:
1 22,799 3,351 496,987 195,351 902,522
Uum _ _____ __ ____ _ _ 1 32,614,227 W W W W
2 W 285.313 w 791,865 3,658,416
Und~uUdI ___ _ __ __________~2______~1'~1~,~~__-"~~,1~WO-_OO=c"~~~'~1~'__~2~,~
~'.~1~"-~1~O.=~~O~15

~ ------------ 6 33,054,Z74 210,501 81.219,403 8,283.328 15,1%953

Copper '''ad Zinc

1975.to4'-1 UUhU _ UU _
Short

177,155 $227,46'7,442
....
Short

12,679
Value

$5,452,099
....
Short

19,640
Value

$15.819,143
Total
value

$291,332,466
1976,total __________ _ ___ 185.458 258.157,279 16,297 7,529,112 22.481 16,636.194 319.430.268

Ju.ab__ ___ ___________

1977:
54 71,517 __ __ __ 1,471,026
SaltUke_ ________ _ __ _ 193,698 258,781,059 __ W
Utah _ _ __ ___ _ ___ _ ___ 312 416,214 4,237 2,601,480 8.679 5,970,844 12,6-1.6,954
U~UdI ___ __ _ __ _ _____~~____!~~'~9~1__!',~5~10c_~ a~~~,OW~~9~,MO~__~'~JU~7~~
~1~2__!'1~O~
,'!.,~,~~
~
Total _ __ ___ _ ___ _ _ - -
194,130 259,357,381 10,746 6,598,314 17,759 12,218.156 324,562,207
'
W Withheld to avoid dia:ioIiog company proprietary data; included. in "Undistributed."
10perationl at old mill OT miacellaneous cleanups not counted as produc~ mina, nor are vari0U8 uranium mines
COUDted from,..hic:h byprocluctl were lecG..ered.
-mctud. Piute and Summit Counties combined to amid disclosing company proprietary data, and ltema indicated by
aymbolW.
IData may not add to Walstho..-n becauae ofindependent rounding.
592 MINERAL'l YEARBOOK, 1977

Table 5.-Utah: Mine productio n (recoverable) of gold. silver, copper, lead, and zinc
in 1977, by class of ore or other source material
Material
Number
sold or
Gold Silver ":,.,"
( on
Load Zinc
Sou~ of
mines l !rea'"
(short tonal
(troy
ounces)
(lroy
ounoee) " ..>
{short.
tons)
(short
->
I..odeore:
Gold-tilvel' and Iilve~ ----
~IlDC
.---
I ~ _ ---
_ _ _ _- - -- -_ --
___ ___- 1,047 10,746 1'1,759
T~ _____ ___ ___ ___
6 32,922,418 l,047 618,449 169,098 10,746 17,759

Other lode material:

Copper preci pitate!! _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 31,447 -- -- 24,'"
Grand totaI4 __ ___ _ _ __
6 33,054,274 210,501 3,283,323 194,130 10,746 17,759

W Withheld to avoid diaclosing company p.opriet.ary cb.ta; include ~ in "Gold-fJilver and ailvero, "
'Detail will not add to total because lOme mines produce more than one class oCmat.erial.
SCombined to avoid d isclosing company proprietuy data.
~Includes gold a nd silver from copper ore.
' Data may not add to totals shown because of independent rounding.
•

Table 6.-Utah: Mine production (recoverable) of gold, silver, copper, lead, and zinc
in 1977. by type of material processed. and method of recovery

Type ofmaterial ph)ms ed Gold Silver Zinc

and method of ,ecovery
(troy (troy (short.
ouncee) 00. . . .> ,,~)

l «'e:
Smelting of concentrates _ _ ___ __ _ __ _ _ _ _
On smelting
Direct ___ _______
of: __ ____ __ _____ __
Copper precipitates _ _ ___ u _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _
183,405
27,096
2,501,293
782,030 ...
169,039

24,'"
10,746

--
--
17,759

Total _ _ _ __ _ ___ _ ___ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

210,501 3,283,828 194,180 10,746 17,759

25 ,-- - - - - - -- - - - - -- - - - - - - - , 26

.,z 20 20

0
l-
I-
cr: 15 I.
0
.,
:r
c
z
.,'"
::J
10 I.
0
:r
I-

5
•
OL
•
1976
Figure 2.-Mine production of copper in Utah. by mo!tths in terms of recoverabl e metals.
 THE MINERAL INDUSTRY OF UTAH
Gold.-Production of gold increased by
12% over that of 1976, and the value of gold
production increased 33%, reflecting con-
tinued increases in the price of gold. Gold
was produced from siz: mines in four coun-
ties. The principal producer of gold in the
State remained the Kennecott Copper Corp.
at the Utah Copper mine in Bingham Can-
yon. Kennecott's Trixie mine in Utah Coun-
ty in the F.ast Tintic mining district was
second in gold production. The famous
Mammoth mine of Kennecott Copper Corp.
in Juab County, idle for over 20 years, is
now producing again.
Iron Ore.-As in previous years, all of the
iron ore produced in the State Came from
Iron County. Three companies were active.
CF&I Su..l Corp. operated the Comstock
mine, United Statee Su..l Corp. produced
ore from the Mountain Lion mine, and
Utah International, Inc., produced lower
gi ade ores from the Thompeon and Iron
Springs mines for concentration at its mag-
netic separation plant at Iron Springs. The
average iron content of the direct shipping
ores and concentrates was 54.06%, slightly
lower than the couesponding flgure for
1976. Both the tonnage shipped and the
value were up over those of 1976.
Lead.-The major lead producers were
the Ontario mine of Park City Ventures and.
the Burgin mine of Kennecott Copper Corp.
Production of lead dropped &harply from
that of the previous year with 1977 produc-
tion being down 34% from that of 1976. Due
to increased lead prices in 1977, value of
lead production only decreased by aixmt
12%.
Magnesium.-The magnesium plant of
NL Industries., Inc., on the west shore of
Great Salt Take, resumed production after
completion of a $55 million modification
progl am in which three fourths of the pro-
duction cells were revamped. The rated
capacity of the plant is now 25,000 tons of
magnesium per year, as opposed to the
original design capacity of 40,000 tona per
year. No flgUre8 are available for the actual
production, however.
Molybdenum.-All of the molybdenum
produced in the State was a byproduct of
copper production at the Utah Copper Divi-
sion of Kennecott Copper Corp. Although
copper production increased somewhat, the
production of molybdenum decreased about
8%. Due to increased prices for the com-
modity, however, the value of molybdenum
production increased nearly 14% over that
ofl976.
593
Selenium.-Production of selenium was
up 116% over that of 1976. As in past years,
the total Utah production resulted from the
refming of copper ores from the Kennecott
Copper Corp. mine at Bingham Canyon.
Silver.-Production of silver increased
nearly 5% over that of 1976, and the value
of silver produced increased over 11 %. The
leading silver producer continued to be the
Utah Copper mine of Kennecott Copper
Corp. Kennecott's other Utah mines, the
Mammoth in Juab County and the Burgin
and Trixie mines in Utah County, were also
significant producers. The other major p~
ducer of silver was the Ontario mine of
Park City Ventures in Summit County.
Silver was produced by a total of six mines
in five counties.
Tunpten.-RiBing prices for tungsten
stimulated production in Utah. Major pro-
duction came from the Gold Hill area of
Tooele County (two mines), Millard County
(four mines), and Box Elder County (two
mines). During the year, a total of 10 mines
in 5 counties produced tungsten ores. High
l!CJ'8Cle crude ore or concentrate found ready
markets at Bishop, Calif., or Fallon, Nev.
Uranium.-Production of uranium in-
creased for the fourth straight year. High
uranium prices stimulated both exploration
and production. Energy Fuels, Inc., opened
ore-buying stations at Blanding in San Juan
County and Hanksville, in Wayne County.
The company announced plans to stockpile
the ore until production in the districts
reached a level sufficient to justify construc-
tion of a processing mill. The proposed mill
would be constructed near Blanding early
in 1980 at a cost of $28 to $35 million and
would be designed to proce 7 , 1,500 tons of
ore per day. Atlas Corp. announced a
$750,000 expansion of its alkaline leach
circuit, and increased employment at its
mill at Moab from 125 to 160 during the
year. Plateau Resources, Ltd.., also started
buying and stockpiling ore for a proposed
750-ton-per-day mill in the Blanding area.
The quantity and value of uranium pro-
duced in 1977 were up 5% and 29%, respec-
tively.
Vanadium.-Production of vanadium was
up about 4% over that of 1976, but the value
of production increased by 8%. Nearly all of
the vanadium-bearing ore came from San
Juan County, although three other counties
also produced some vanadium. Utah ranked.
third out of the five Statee that produced
vanadium in 1977.
Zine.-Zinc was produced at three mines
 594 MINERAlS YEARBOOK, 1977
in three counties in 1977, with the Ontario
mine of Park City Ventures in Summit
County and the Burgin mine of Kennecott
Copper Corp. in Utah County being the
major producers. Production decreased by
21 % from that of 1976 and value decreased
nearlyrn%.
MINERAL FUELS
•
Several expansion programs were under·
way at Utah's coal mines during 1977, and
several new mines started in 1976 came into
full production. Several companies an~
nounced acquisition of coal leases and plans
for immediate development. Recoverable re-
serves of coal in Utah are estimated at 23.4
billion tons. However, about 41% of the
identified reserves are located in the Kaipa-
rowits Plateau and Kolob coalfields in the
southern part of the State, where environ-
mental concerns and the high cost of recov-
ery have prevented development.
,Oil and gas drilling in 1977 accounted for
14 new field discoveries. Six of the new
discoveries were oil wells, and eight were
gas producers; one was considered to be the
most significant gas discovery made in a
decade. Proven reserves of crude oil in Utah
are estimated at 274 million barrels. Most of
this is located in four large fields, the
Greater Altamont-Bluebell and Greater
Red Wash fields in the Uintah Basin, the
Pineview field in Summit County, and the
Greater Aneth field in the southeastern
comer of Utah.
NONMETALS
Barite.-No crude barite was mined in
Utah, but five companies in Salt Lake
County crushed and ground barite for oil
well drilling mud. The companies were All
Minerals Corp., Custom Milling and Supply,
Eisenmann Chemical Co., Rocky Mountain
Refractories, and Westemco, Inc. Produc-
tion of ground barite in 1977 was more than
15% higher than during the previous year.
Cement.-Output of portland cement in-
creased 13% over that of the previous year
and value increased 33%. Production of
masonry cement declined somewhat with
production and value down 10% and 2%,
respectively. Two companies accounted. for
all of the production-Ideal Cement Co.,
Division of Ideal Basic Industries, Inc., and
Portland Cement Co. of Utah. Ready-mix
concrete companies purchased. about 78% of
the portland cement sold, manufacturers of
concrete products took 9%, building materi-
al dealers bought over 5%, highway COQ-
tractors took nearly 4%, and the remaind~r
went to other contractors, government
agencies, and miscellaneous cus.t omers.
Raw materials consumed in the manufac-
ture of portland cement were mainly lime-
stone and cement rock with smaller quanti-
ties of gypsum, slag, and sandstone. '
Clays.-Production of clays increased
ahout 19%. and value was up abou~ 34%.
The major producers were Utelite Corp.,
Mountain Fuel Supply Co., and Interpace
Corp. Mining was conducted. at 14 mines in
9 counties. Most of the clays were ' used in
the manufacture of brick and concrete block
or in structural concrete. Smaller quantities
were used in drilling muds, oil refinery
catalysts, or waterproofing compositions.
Gypsum.-Five companies. Thomas J.
Peck & Sons, Inc., of Juab County, White
Mountain Gypsum Co. of Millard County,
Cox Enterprises, Inc. of Sanpete County,
and United States Gypsum Co. and Georgia-
Pacific Co. of Sevier County, produced crude
gypsum in 1977. Production was up 20%
and value was up more than 51 % over that
of 1976. U.S. Gypsum and Georgia-Pacific
continued to produce calcined gypsum.
Lime.-Lime was produced by four com-
panies during the year, Utah-Idaho Sugar
Co., Kennecott Copper Corp., the U.S. I,ime
Division of The Flintkote Co., and Utah
Marblehead Lime Co. Production increaped
about 3% from that of 1976, but the value of
the lime produced increased. by nearly 21 %.
Magnesium Compounds.-Magnesium
compounds were produced by the Great Salt
l.ake Minerals & Chemicals Corp. in Weber
County and Kaiser Aluminum & Chemical
Corp.• in Tooele County. Both production
and value decreased slightly from that of
1976. Magnesium chloride was also pro-
duced by NL Industries, Inc., as a feed for
its magnesium metal production plant on
the west shore of Great Salt Lake, but no
figures are available for this production.
Perlite.-Plants of the Pax Co. in Salt
Lake County and Georgia-Pacific Corp. in
Sevier County produced expanded perlite
from out-of-state sources. The Lehi Block
Co. and Perlite Products closed its plant in
Utah County.
Phosphate Rock.-Stauffer Chemical Co.
continued to be the only producer of phos-
phate rock in Utah. Stauffer operated two
mines during the year-the Crawford
Mountains mine. a small underground mine
in Rich County, and the Vernal mine. a
 THE MINERAL INDUSTRY OF UTAH
large open pit operation in Uintah C'A>unty.
Production and value declined about 11%
and 21 %, respectively.
Potuh.-Three companies produced po-
tapium salta during the year. Teuagulf,
Inc., used 101ution mining to extract potash
from beds near Moab in Grand C'A>UDty,
Kaiser Aluminum. & Chemical O>rp. ex'
tracted salts from the salt flats near Wend-
over in Tooele County, and Great Salt lake
Minerals ... Chem;'"'l. Corp. produned salts
from the evaporation of Great Salt lake
waters west of Ogden in Weber County.
Production declined nearly 11 % from that
of the previous year; value a110 declined..
Several potential new production oper-
ations were in the exploratory stage during
the year. Butte Resources Co. was studying
the economic P1l sa ibilities of solution mjnjng
on a 6O,()()().acre tract about 15 miles north-
west of M08b, and Teuagulf, Inc., drilled an
exploratory well at a site 20 miles northeast
of its pl« sent plant end outlined several
other potential ore bodies for possible fu-
ture testing.
Pumice.-Only one company, Fillmore
Products. Inc., Millard County, produced
pumice in 1977. Most of the production was
lISe d for landscaping and the remainder for
concrete alit agate. The Utah State Road
Commhsion mine near Cedar City in Iron
C'A>unty W98 inactive during the year.
Salt.-Eight companies in seven counties
produned salt in 1977. Evaporated salt was
produced by five companies operating in
Box Elder, Salt I,ake, Tooele, end Weber
Countiee. One mine each in Sanpete and
Sevier Counti.. produned rock salt and a
mine in Grand County produced brine. Salt
production increase d by nearly 20%, but
the value of production incllEueci by only
7%.
Sand and GraveL-Production of con-
"'st"'ruction spnd end g.avel incle"Fed 13% in
1977. and an inueese in the average unit
price from $1.27 per ton in 1976 to $1.57 per
ton in 1977 resulted in an inCte 55e in value
595
of about 39% .
Send end gravel continued. to occupy
third place in the total value of production
in the nonmeta11ic mineral category, being
Butl•• Fed only by cement and pota5Sium
881ts. The number of companies involved in
sand end gravel production decrea'S d from
77 in the previous year to 70 in 1977, and
the number of deposits being mined d&
creased from 85 to SO. A total of 67 plants
were operated in 23 counties during the
year. Salt Lake C'A>unty continued to be the
major producer in the State. followed by
Davia and Utah Counties. Operations in
these three counties accounted for 67% of
the send end gravel production of Utah.
Sodium Sulfate.-Great Salt T .eke Miner·
als & Chemicale C'A>rp. was the only produc-
er of sodium sulfate during the year. Pn>
duction end value both decreased about 5%
from the 1976 figures.
Stone.-Five companies quarried dimen-
sion atone for rough blocks. rough flagging.
sawed building atone, rubble. rough con·
struction stone, and house stone veneer.
Outputdecleased 9% to 6,070 tons valued. at
$288,000. Leading companies were Star
Stone, Inc., W. H. Hansen Stone Quarry,
Inc., and Cleo " Reggie Teeter. Ten compa-
nies crushed stone at 23 quarries for c&
ment. fluutone , riprap, and other nus.
Output incleased 1% to 2.77 million tons
valued. at $7.07 million. Leading producers
were United States Steel Corp., Ideal Basic
Induetriee, and Portland Cement Co. of
Utah.
Vermiculite.-No crude vermiculite '1188
produced. in 1977, but one company, Ver·
miculite Intermountain, Inc., produced ex-
foliated venniculite from out-of-etate
1OUt0e8. More than one-half of the produc-
tion was med ulocse fill insulation, while
the remainder went into concrete and plas-
ter aggt egate.
596 MINERAlS YEARBOOK. 1977

Table 1.-Utah: Crushed stonel sold or used by producers, by "'e

(Thoueand short toni and thouund dollan)

1976 urn
u. Val..

OM ____ ___ __ _ ,.
----------------
928 2,476
51
42
1.097
70
....
2,870
160

c------------------
10
--
21
"• •
____ ----------------- -- (')
__ __ ______ ____ __ ____-'1".780=-___-'.:::.1::..:.....__-'''''':.....
1,675 __--'=1
.....
7,(112
~ - - - -- -- -- -- -- -- --- ----- 6,681 ~7. .

Table 8.-Prin(:ipal produ(:en

"'-"
American Gillonite Co ------ Underground. mine Uintah.
and plant.
Bei~!::=Wellman, Inc ____ _ __ _ 67 West 2950 South Open pit minee and Juab and
SaIt I.ke City, UT 84115 plane Millon!.
Carboa djc.dde, natural:
EquityOilCo ___________ _ Well and plant ___ ___ _ Carioon.
CeiDall.t:
Ideal S.,k indlJdtriM, Open pit mine and Morpn.
In<.' plane
___ -.do __________ _
PortlaDd 0'78ntCo. ol Selt Lake and
U ...• ToooI• .
C1aJljtrolCo'P ________ _ ___ _
2580 Andrew Ave. Open pitand undeiiiound Juab and
SaIt Lake City, UT8411S minee and plant.
(}pen pit mine _______ _
Salt J.alr.e .
Inteii*A'Corp ---- ---- --- 78(i Weet Hanisrille Rd. Box Elder,
Ogden, lIT 8«02
.......
Salt I·lr.e,
Ut.h,
UteliteCorp ______ _ __ __ _ Weber.
..... 881 Open pit mine and Summit.
Coalville, lIT 84017 plane
Owl:
Amelican Coal Co ________ _ Underground mine.. ___ _ .....".
KaimStedCorp ________ _ Underground mine8 and Carloon.
Pubody Coal Co _______ __ _ plane
Underground mine____ _ Erne.,..
Copper:
Kennecott Copper Corp.1 _ ___ _ Box 11299 Open pit mine, mills, Salt lAke and
Salt Lake City, lIT 84111 lJIIlelter. refmery. Utah.
Gypau.m:
Geortia PacUJC Corp __ _ ___ _ Sigurd. lIT 84657 ____ __ _ Open pit mine and Sevier.
plane
___ Jlo __________ _
United State. Gype:um Co _ __ _ Box 128 Do.
Sigurd, t.rr 84657
IronCFltlSteeI
ore: Corp _ ___ __ _ __ _
Box 100 Openpitminell ______ _
Cedar City, lIT 84720 __ _ ..do __________ _
United State& Steel Corp __ __ _ Box 859 Do.
C-edar City, UT 84720
Utah International, Inc _ ____ _ Box 64. Open pit mines and Do.
Cedar City, UT 84720 plants.
I erd:
United P81'k City Mines Co.1 _ _ _ Box 1450 Underground mine and Summit.
Parlr. City, lIT 84060 plant.
Lime:
TheFlintkoteCo. 1 - - - - - - - - - Box 357
Utab-Marblebed Lime Co ___ _ .... ,..
Grantsville, lIT 84029
Tooele, 1.11' 84074
Open pit mine and
__plane
__do _______ _ __ _
Tooele.
Do.

See foolnotee It e nd of table.

 THE MINERAL INDUB'rRlf OF UTAH 597
Table S,-Prlnclpal producers -Continued
Commodity and company Type of activity County

Maan_urn: Pbnt ___ ___ _ _ ____ _

fa.lnduatriee, Inc ___ __ ___ _ 238 North 2200 West 00.
Salt Lake City, UT84116
Peuoleu.m and natural pa;4
PboIphate lock:
Stauffer Chemical Co ______ _ Manila Star Route Underground miDe and Rich,
• Vernal, UT 84078 plane Selt Lab,
Uintah.
Pntepium salta: ~t __ ______ ___ _ _
Great Selt Lake Minerals" 765 North 10600 Weet Weber.
Chemieala Corp.' BoJr 1190
Qsden. UT 8U02 _ _ _ ..do _____ _____ _
K';,r r Aluminum .. Chemical Tooele.
Corp.' Inc _______ ___ _ """ 580 lIT tu08S
Wendover,
1'euIIUlf,
"""'208UT 81582
Moab,
UDde.giOuod miDeand
refmery.
Gnu><!.
Sol. PJant _ ____ __ _ __ __ _
American Salt Co __ Tooele.
h n _ h

MortonSeItCo ______ __ __ _ """'"

Grantrville, UT 84029
A.M.F. Dol: 22054
___ ..do ____ ____ __ _
Salt Lake.
Send and gravel:
Co. Enterprilea, Inc _____ __ _
GibbonaA:ReedCo _ ___ _ __ _
Salt J4ke City. UT84122

~~ -- -- - - - -- - - - - -
PitrllDdplantr _ __ __ _ _
San_
Da';"
Salt Lake,
_ __ -.do __ ____ ___ _ _ Weber.
Monroe Se.nd and Gravel ____ _ Selt I .. ke

Par.ln Ready·Mis Co., Inc _ __ _ _ _ _ ..do __ _ _______ _ Bcn:: Elder.

.....,
Southel'D Pacific Tnn·port&tioD 4011 St. Quany -- ----------
Cache,
Da""-
Box EkJer.
Co. Sacramento. CA 95814 Quarries __ _ __ _ ____ _
'I'llomM American Stone Co __ _ 989J_IAve. Box Elder,
Salt Jake City, UT 84104 Tooele,
Waaatch.
United State. Sh eJ Corp.,
Western Stone Operations
BoJr510
Provo. tIT 84601 Quany------------ Utah.
Unmiwn:
Au.. Mineral. Diviaion of
AtIM Corp. 'J
Plateau Reeourcee:, Ltd _____ _
"""'20'UT1 84532
Moab,
Underground minel and
plant. ....""
Grand,
San Juan.
722 HOrimD Dr. UDdei8iound minel ___ _ Garfield.
Rio AlIoaaOorp.' _________ _ Grand Junction, 00 81501
Dol: 610 UDdergrouDd mine and SanJuan.
Union Carbide Corp _ ___ _ _ _ _ Moab, tn' 84532 plane
Dol: 1029 Underground min. __ _ _ Grand and
Grand Junction, 00 81601 San Juan.
1 Al80 .tone.
'AI.o go)d.li.lftT, IF nd, zinc, moIybdenWll.lleieDium, lime, and atone.
, AJ.o line, copper, pId, Hd silver.
'Many of the major oil companiel and lOme of the ama1Ier oompaniee operate in Utah; the companies are 1iR.ed in
aeveral commercial directoriee.
'Allo Alt and mqneai.um compouoda.
'Allam,," iumcompouDda.
7 AlIa nnpdium.
 The Mineral Industry of Utah
T hl B cMplec hills ~n pre,.l"I!4 unda- III MemOfllMUM of U.*f'$I • ...dln' bd"'een UIf;
Buru u of MinH;. U.S. Department ohhe InlerlOr. and the UU\. GflIolorlcal a nd Mi.cral
Sll"~. fur eoilectinll.rC»'M&tion on al l nOflIMI minerall-
By Lorraine 8 . Burgin'
The value of Ml1fuei mineral production
in Utah continutld to riM throughout the
19711-7i biennium. In 1918, the valb6 of
nonfuel materials _&\I 552.6 million; IQId in
1979, tho value dirnbed to $75U million
rell.eeting higlw!r prlt:ell in almOlSt all rainer·
al&. Although the amount of production
increaaed in many oommoditi", the rile
wu not as extenaive .. the mere. in
valua.
Metal.. mainly from Ken~t O!pper
Corp .. Utah Copper Diy., acoounted for over
thre~rourths of Utah'a "oneu!!1 mille"""
produc1ion in boOl ~,.; end ccpper
acOOWl.ted for about Orto-half of th",t total
villue. Recover'W principally» bypmlueta
of copper prodU(ti<>n, gl)ld, molybG.enuDI,
and ltilvt'r contributed nearl,. OIle-fiflh of
the value ofnonflK'l ~1111 output in Utah
in 1978. ami tUmoet one-founh of that ,.lue
in 1919. Beryllium. coppe.., gold, and molyb-
denum increa.sed in amoun t Ilnd Val.1I in
1978-19. Lead and unc production declined
dnlln8ticaily ,..be.n two m in K ...t!1'e ciOlll'!d
in 1m. 5ilftr, r~ B!I an important
byproduct of thOle base IMtal opentions,
dropped in production; howwer, the total
vallJe of the oommodity enjoyed '" muted
mcr_in 1979 *aU5eof lhe iOsringprice
ohiMC.
In 1979, Utah ..antoo Ii....t in t he NlUo n
in v31ue of rold and beryllium produ~.
lleCond in value orcopper, and tbin! in walue
of molybdenum. A..!I a It!ad.producin&" State,
Utah, in 1919, droppt'd from 4th t() 12th
pl!\Ce; and as a tinc· producing Stau-, the
drop W~ rrom 10th place kl 19th, laI;t place
amons the Statt!6. The pt'M:e of !!;inc had
mai ntained a Ite$dy 1o",· level ami did 1\01
!ll!1'Ve at a stirnulU$ for inc~ing produe-
tion.
In Ole nonmet.alB grouP. leadin¥ commod.-
itlt!! In both yean! inctuded Otmt!nt, potaeh,
all, and IIIUld and gnsvel. Inc~ WW8
J10ted In value or cement. day. gypsum,
phOliphate. potuh, wt, and aton.e.
Lt!rlllation _tid Gonmme nt Pro·
pams._Du.ri", tIle bMmnlullI, the mining
indlAtry became inereasin,1y oonoeroed
over the land sla tul li tuation. pclrtieularly
when ttudiee. by tM Forest Service, Nat ion-
al Park Servia!, nnd Bureftu of Land Man·
agement (BLMJ rwulted in proposals for
ftdd,illonaJ Il'ikleme511 Br&aIII and lub8equtllt
withdra",aJ oftheee areas Crom protpecttng.
exploration. and m ining. By 1978. the For-
est 8ervict! Roadkes Area Review and Eval·
uation {RARE 11} pe'Ogrtlln hAd inventoried
nearly 3 million 1lCt'8. In lb" year, arNt In
Utah proposed by the r-orw\ Service ror
wildem8$ de.signation included 455,000
DeW &ereII of wilderneEIB in ,ddition to the
823,000 ;w::J'H of wilder_ and prim ".h'.
• ...u pr"OpOlltd unde r earner legiBlation. IuJ.
additional 149.000 acrea were J)rOflOged (or
further Itudy, and 2.1 milUOIl aewe. .....ere
pt"OpC:IIfld. for reJ_ from furthu wilckr-
nlllill review a nd mUnled to multJple-
management. The National Part Storrioe, in
1918. oompleted iu recormnendations to
c.~.. on U mHlioa ecrea in all national
PllrU e.nd monlirneDta in Utah. except Glen
Canyon Na~1 Recreation A,....
Under the Federal Llmd Policy and M~­
~ment Act of 1916. BLM Will to) review all
roadlKt I~U or 5,000 IICI'M e od mwe, and
I II BLM-&d.miniltered Janda of .... batt¥l!r
Iiim to determine _hid!. al"OOll Mou ld ~
519
520 MINERALS YEARBOOK, 1978·79

oeive protectl_ wildern_ desicnatioa. The 1979, Kennecot.t Mineral, Co. IDlten ded ita:
DIM rompLeted the lint phue or their operat.iorHl were in C'OIllpHance with am-
review In Utah in 1978 by rkmgnating 11 bie nt air quality standlndt for eulfur dio)[-
natural and primitive anoN N "inunt ide, achieved by constant engineel""inz 0tJn-
study 1l1"e&II. " The II areaa to be reviewed troll at proceaing plant6 and by curtail·
f or poIIib!.e wHdeml!f!lll ItatWl we~ \l) Book ment of smelting ope.-atlons to reduce em ~
Clirrl Natural Area. about 30 mi.... oorlh "f RoIllJ under certain weather ounditiOJUl.
Moab, (2) Link Flat Natural Area aouth M Some governmental agerw:iet .pecifl('(f that
(-7(1 WId _ t of Green River. m Purk arnb~nt air 11.andardB ml1lt be met by
CPyOll Primitive Area south of Canynn- engineerin& con.trols onl.;,. The OCIft\p!iI~
IaDd. National Park, (4) Grand Gulch Prim- Ml\Cht rel.ie.( through adm ini8trative and
itiV(! Ami eoutheast of Natural Brlodge. judicial ~w Ptocnn..
N.l.iona.l Mnuument, (S) PhiPJ)l ou,lh Hoi· UniWd Stales Steel Corp. WId EPA
low Natun.1 Area in the FMcalante River lltumpted UI nesrotiate an lliYeement in
Buin, (6) The GuJeIl Natun.l Aru allo in pi"inciplQ on emieei()rl control, at the finn'lI
the E«alanl.e 8aInn, (7) North E.::al anl.e ~neva WOI"U. The oompany maintained
Canyoc NatUN.! Area, (8) E!calante Cao.yon that the more thB.n $100 millk>n ponuti<m
Natural A1'1!II., (9) Oevit'a Garden Natut'al COIItrI;ll program tequellted by EPA would be
Area Ju-t .ooth of EMaiante, (10) Paria too cwtly. By yearend. ~ment bet.oI'een
Canyoa PrimitiYe Am:!. between K.nab and the twoenti\ieoJ had not been achieved.
Glen Ca.nyon Cn tM ArUma border, and ']"h. Bureau of Min", In rlK-al ~lI.nll978
(11, JUlhu8 Tme Natural Area in lOutb- WId 1979, granted several ~rch. oon-
westen Utal!. The BLM Utah: Final. Initial tract. to various univenlUE'II and priV:lte
Wildera_ Inventory report and map wall i mstitutions in the State. Studies were relal-
pubttahed In August 1979, 8LM is I.':I~ ed to haul-road dUllt em i&ll;onl. probabilistic
to mab iUi fl!COlllmendatiolU by July 198(1.
model ing of tailingl d~irn.. noi_ control of
1be .ncy 8tin hu a number of yean in underground Ioad.baul-dump lnBdJifl5.
'I,Ihich to complete 8ubmi.Mion of repelrU
and n'll'Ommerkluions on t be bal .n~ of ita an,,!;)'lIb and renoratioll of JT'CUnd ...,.ter
roadl_ area, tota.Iing II to 12 million quality after in alto uran ium le.aching. and
a¢I"II'II, including the 11 l13t.ural and primi-
roof bolt bc-harior. In 1 91~79 , the Us.
~rtmenl 0( Energy funded the Univenrl-
Uve • ..-.
Further c:oncem (1\~ \he reMridion in t1 of Utah for an iOvW igation of theenergy
the "* 0( ~rnmellt land doi!Veioped
requi rement!! 01 new emeiting and refini.118
proc_ in copper prod\lction.
when welltem Utah and e."\Stem Nevada
_re JII'OP(IMd .. sik'6 for the MK m;.ile In 1978, the Unlve"ity of Utah W1I5
'Y8tem. Mining" industry leadel"8 QuMtioned desi3nat.ed, by the Sect-otary of the Interior,
the loeatlon of lIuch D project. near 8111". all one of 31 univemitiM '!\Ihere a State
where mining operations m~t be inter- M inin&" Wid Minera! Re8l;)urelll and Re-
rupttd or eurtailed.. learch Inrtitute 'II"OUid. be Htab1iahed, pu ....
In September of 1978, t ne U.s. Environ· 5u.a nt to T itle III of Public Ltilw 95-37. The
mental Protection Agency (EPA) held .. irtst.i.tute will esubliab train inK PnI8J1lIIU5 in
hearing to d~ new nanda" for a...lrut minine: and mi nerab t:ktract;oo and provide
d imdde emi!ll5ioM at the new Noranda proe. 8C holarehi~ aoo fellow&hipe. It wal receive
Me smelter of the Ue.h Copper Diy. of annual s llotmenta of '110,000 thfOU&h 1984.
Kennecott Coppel" Corp. The EPA limiu- plWI $160,000 ror schobrshipe a nd fellO'll'-
lion on s ulfur dioxide emiMiQ[l I from the 8hips for a a ·year period.
new &QIeJtet had been 6 ,900 pound. per The Univertity of Utah l igned an ~
hour, bu.t In August, the *ncy promulg6lt- ment 10 purrhpe tbe U .S. Bllreau of Minel
eel regWiltiOflB that would lower the a llow- five-building, 13-1lC1'(! rompieJ[ on Its cam-
",ble emblltona to 3,700 pounds per hour. pull. The fadlltiell wi ll provide resean::h
The OOIIlpany received general su pport fl"OlT. space for the College of Minee nnd Minerals
tM puMic, and t he Uuh Air Coneervation Jnd~e6 and. College o f E~neerin&".
Commiwion Committee took the potIition Tran llkt- of the property, to be purchased
lhIIt EPA 5hou.ld not impo;:lk- nn.. regula- for S91g,ooo. will be ro mpleted when the
t iOlUl unti l emiMioll! Bad been thorough ly new no million Bure'll Q( MinH building it
monitored and emiuion. limitatK>flI Htab- completed adjacent to the Un iversity of
liahed. on a IIdentifically sound beei,. In Utah ~.t.n::h Parte
 THE MINBRAL IND USTRY 0 1' UTAH 521
Table l .-No.~ minen" prodlK:tion in Utah'

...... ......,
,m
,.- ""
,v•
....., ......, --, -.., .....
(tile.·
-. ...
v .... V","
"-

....• ......
C&.wn d.,.W.. nalu ....I _u...-nd CWMc f __ _
0.,.. . _ _ • ___ _ • _ thouxnd.tlO<1 _ _ _
<'_r t_ b l. ......
~
_<J-.
""'t"'~ ._
'.'"•, ,,, = .,,'
..
1l 6.m
w
",.•
,.".,
" "'''' M'
.. w

11'14.1'5
w

n. ."'.
c....fIOM. NA
.,.,""
---- ---- '"
.""'---
CaW(~e;nw.I-;,r.;;;.: -

,--,
~

..
CYJlMIII. _ ______ _ u..u.....t _

,.=
...
'-- _
" """ Illl.btl

,..., ""
m

.... • •
,.... ",,..
II.JII _ .!I1t
m

.-
(_~Ie) t~=t-.~~ - 19.'l'@' 1.611 1'",1

."'
LooMu--ulo_ 0(_ metric _ __

"".• '" ,....' ,....'" .....

I.IDw _______ ___ .'---01 ......,. _ __ 9.1~~

~~... ::::.::::: :::: :::~ :::::::: ...'"• '""" ....'" ",..,..... m

l,I"

.-
~

...
",
&oM •• d,.....I· __ ___ • ___ _____

-,
u...-...t...,
SiI_u-..- ....."'nt ol .... _
~

..... ',...
____
__ II) I!:!>
'"
U.16ot
...",
,~
14.-r.s

n.llf
c....M.:I _______ .~
DIn>eNIon ______________ ._ dD____
oMrt ""'" __
2.7'"
n•
,.."
n "'IT, ...
U t6 ,~

• lI·m
. .. ...."
T unptH!. ____ _ • _ _ _ __ u-n.I _ nclt __ u w W
z.; ... ~ •.ble"""Mot...-.
~ IMlrlc . - . _ 16,111 '"
l!.218 W •
~....J.
trow. _~... tiI~':JmWtl"""""""
d.,. .
..nJ>. '.11,.....
___
1 t71~ ~ , ~

,.....
~ rwL. ~ .... .tIa. ...... _
~ \inoI.. trllOl); ~ ...If.\IO, ~
."d .... _;,,~_by_loc l ..., _ _ ___ ._
Tatai ____________ _ __ • ____
~
U
U
Itl. •
m ....
U
u ...,,'
1" 0041 %X

'" ".~

... ~--------.- - ----

,m -.. ............
T•• le 2_ Value of ft.,.,hlel ..i.en.! production 1ft Utah, ., co.nty

,~

"' .....,"' ........ I'"

~ pndvcood in

1:1.~ ::: ::: :::::::

,." '" 1,811 ~-~-I""'tI. 1tmoo. ..... ~
1.1~
• -=-
W Suod n d ..." " - _
~ -----.--- - -- --
-.•• '"-"
<IIoxlde, _10<1 ...... ,,"no'-
~:
Dtoct- :::~::::::::
___________ :_
~

t-,. . - - - - -- __ __ ___ _
G.rnolof ________ • _ _ • __
CtalO<I ______ _ • __ • ___ _
...... .-- --------._._-
O'
'1..... 9 ,...
W
w
Iiou..d ... d .....u_.
~=:!:i
~ ..Jb, • ...J:.._.
.
Soond .... d~_ ............

.&:t
JuaI> _______ • _ •• _. __ _
----- ----- .. _-
~ -- _. _" . . . ______ _
M;lborod
...• •
W
w
w
w
W
tr.._..... ..... ,.......
~~T~-· .
l'um1or. 1I)'\lI_......, ...... ,.......t.-.,mu....
Wotpt>
PM -----
... _. ___ _ • --- • • - -- ._
________ •
W
w c.-I._,....t ........~
R;ch _______________ _
&11 ..... ___ ._+ _____ ._ •
I.U ,$l, ~.Ori c-.. _ _

..."...
~1fIId,-.n. .a..."

s...Juo:o ___ • •• ___ • __ _ w w ,,!:."!'.:. t. _, lla.,d.,ro. IMd..u.c.

t~ __________
: ::::::::: ::::
6aN~ • __ _
"-!W ____ __ .• ______ _ .....
lU ll
"'"••
".."
~NId_wl. m--.:!r.;
~oaIl,d..... _ .
Z\~C, ~ ......
u...,
...-.1.
l. ~..&._. _
oiI_._ ,jroId.:r: ........"'"-

.. ~"""""" _"'-'doya.
UiMalt ______________ _ 1'<Ido,~, __-"._
U""' ______ ." ____ ___ _ 11./),1' W
1I,1~ 17,ot6 lMno., ",hi. .i1........... .".j, ,......1• .me. Iud. COJIJIH.
..._!clI __ ___ ____ •• __ d_
W lMne. ......d~.
SH_,",,~NloI_
522 MINERALS YEA RBOOK , 19 1 8-7 9

'hl)lt 2.- VaJue or mmluel mineral productw.n ill Utah. by wunty -Co.n tlnued
!~)

N I.~ ,..".Juoodl. I (rI8

i~~"',,,,haloe

W.hlng'DD .. _______ _

::c:~::: :::: :: ___ :_ '''''."w

_~.

t)ndittrtt..\od' ___ .,

~ --- --------
·fIe........ W 'iftlhhold Io . void di&l.. ina _<>r p..,.,.iouryd.>lII; i<><luck<l witll
'llId. . . -"" _ ""
"1:10.110 ...,. _
~ th~t
_n """'. . .
._....t bo _""od 10 ...,illtcooonl.... pm .t<...-, and y. l_
.d(t w tota l•• of ",d _ _ "'und~ ,
HUndiotJ-Al~to>d,~
Ind~t-d "" .,..,.l...! W.

'hble 3.- lndicawn 0 1 Utah hu&i _ artI vlty

''''
,., ,,,,.
~ . !W4.0
!l,U
....,
~.
""
"..
",
,
~,

l\U
'"
1 ~.9
M'
su ",..,'
3J.1
12U
'"
s,
. "'""'
U .•
11.a

'"
115.8
~
121.0 , ~,

Soi+.'iI
""
K~li_O
,iolU
"SM. '
IIUI!2 _~
,~,""O
~.,,,

'f7,II!l&.\1
!2,19U '2I,IU .
'113.1 $HlU
"'.
.....1~ _'>;I2.'.l 4 ..
+17.8
~U

H" .... "'""'" .~>

+ 2.2

."
N.... r... I.., ........ ~""""" .a!u..:
Tcl6I ...... ""'.........h .. _ '. ______ . . . . . . . . . . . . ....illioaL. '.
V. lu' J-"""'''', ...o6oont _Io.tiom.. _________ ., _ ,. _ . _ ,.. , . _
kUlt ~!5{.U

." "'''
175M .U'
+ ~l.irt
V.l u.pet'''I..... ''...i .. _________ . . .. _ " .... .. ,. ________ _

'Preli"';""..,..
""
"'~ "'.~ .• r.~

'lnclud .. bi ............. .-I a>od oil _ _ ~Unod.io<>.

"D.I.... do ..,.. ooId \D _ I ot.:-n ~ ollflliop~d ...t r(J'Und.O"".
'8<,,"~ i~ 1 9'f8; ~ _ _p..-ablowilh u....o(pno, )U ....

U.~~.;1J:.rtm",1 cfeo..u..._. u.s. D<p.ort.....n' 0(.......,... HighwQ' ud _.,. Co~..ruct>on Moc"';"~."",,

 THE MINERAL INDUIn'1tY Oli" urAH

900

TOTAL

..
a: 600 -
U)

.J
.J
o
"Qz •• ...~OPPER
.J
.J
-
........ ....
::; 300

I I I I
019L7~7---L----~---'~M~O---J----~--~L----L----"1985
I I I

FllJun: I .-V.lue of nll ..e ~rod\te1I011of copJH!r anti total value of nonl'uel ntineni
proIIudinn in Utah.

REVIEW IV NONFUa. M ..ERAL COMMODITIES

""Al'
Baylllnnl.-Brllllh Wellmllll, lnc., mined
bertrandite at ita Spor Mountain prof>C!rty
in Jm County during 1978-79. Tbisol'l!8I'Id
imported beryl were conV9t'ted to beryUium
hydroxide at tht> comJlllDY facilitie!ll Deer
[)PIta. ColI9truction, adjacent to the bel"
tr.ndite milI,WIIII completfd ill 1978011 the
Dew.' plant for tl(trlOCting beryUium from
beryl ores. PlawI were BnDOunced i.o Octo-
ber 1919, rO!' a $6 mi.1Hoo expansjon ~ the
bertrlUldito ore prweuillg plant to inc0rpo-
rate technological OOVllJlCe!l and to add 25%
capacity.
In 1979, 8t'\1th WeIl..m.Im <lbtained, from
the An.alXlDda Co., a IeaIIe and option to
pun:haae additional propertiBII rootaining
beryUium-beering ores in Juab Q)unty. In
JanU.tY 1980. the company iotenu to eEel'-
~ the option to purchue the properties:
near Brush Weliman'J open pit mines.
Beryllium hydroxide iii p'l'OCe88fd at the
company's plant in Elmore, Ohio. to pro-
duce beryllium metal, beryllium<opper, be-
ryllium azide, and othel' alloys. The lnllter1.
.l.s are WJed lUI metal in nuclear reactors
and in BertlKJlau application&, as an alloy in
electrical equipment, and in electronic com-
ponent&.
Copper._Tbe Utah Copper Diy. of Ken-
necott Minel1lb Co., a divilion oI:Kennecott
Copper Corp., operata the wor-Id'a iar&est
open pit COpper mine et Blnthm. Z6 miles
lJO)Uthwat of &It l.&ke City. 111 1978. the
eJ[C8v8tion from eut to __ was over 2.3
miles wide 0Ilf the top and lI2-mile deep,
That )'ftlT. total m.teriAi handled averapd
485,427 toQ per da,. including 103,000 tons
ofoTe.. On November 3,1977. a 'WOrld teenrd
in h&rd rock minintl: was aet when mine
penlOllnel uK1Ved 544,808 to:l¢JS of material In
24 noun.. In 1!rn, the average grade of ore
was 0.61 7% tlOpper; in 1978 the average
grade dipped to 0.6%; 8I)d in 1979, dipPed
again to 0.586%.
Other facilities of the Oprnltion include
the world'lI laqJl!!S1. precipitation plant lo-
eatN at the mouth of Bingham Canyon; !llId
about 16 millll to the north an tlK Bonne-
ville, Arthur, and Magna eorxentmtm'a; the
emeller; and refmery.
524 MINF.RAL8 YEARBOOk, 1978-79
On May 3(1, 19'1'8, t he company completed
modif'1in,g the o..rfK!ld IIneiteT. The JI",
p~~;a modlfled Nol'8IIda contlnUOUlt
_11iag Iystem fur converting tM IrUJr~
cono:::nlntell and kacb precipilata into
blillter oopper. The projec\ wae in itUiled in
1972; contraeu for engineerinf;: and eon·
Ilructkln _relet in 19'18; ami coo rouction
or 8 new l .2OO-(oot ttacIr:: ~rted ito Novem·
ber 1973. It was oorupleteri in 1970, The Unit
reacLorWaI\ hl"OUi'h t onatream in hd e 1977.
and the eh&nge<wer to the Dell' I,yaten\ 11'"
completed in ~..,. 1978. Built a t a rotIt uf
$2&1 million, approechlng $SOl) million in -
c1udiq IIlartup eJ:peMe , the new f.a.l itiN
were illftalled primarib for pollution con-
trol Il1Jd y;eJded n o ioc:re.ooe in the deeign
capacity 0( 270,000 ehorl WJI' ptlf year.
Probfems IIIICllUn\.ered ill the &1Ilrtup period
in 1978 &nd in the first 9 manu' of 1979 in
the a:_hanclli.n.g CacilitiefJ. ronvt'rt&nI. and
hot-metal trAIl2fers kept t.hfl lJI'Delter from
achirna, production .-is io 19'79. The
mO(lir... amelter eaptuf'fllil 86% of thelN lfur
contained in Ute plant reed. COUlpe~ wi th
55% in the old plant. A dacription of the
project ",u puhliahed in 191!1.r
Molybdenum, gold, lih'er, and sulfuric
~id weR the most important by producta:
n<.VVe~ In 19'i 8-7~ from the Bingham
porphm copper Of'ft- When economlcall,.
flmlliblfl, other bypl"Odllct& obtained (tOm the
ores incillded blllmuth, pruladi wn, plati-
Dum, rhenium, Mlenium, lll\d teUuril.lm.
In July J979, KennecoU nnJlOUnced that
the M aana mill, which !.he ok! Ut.h Coppe r
Co. built in 1908, and the Artbw- mill,
which a.toc Coollolldated Co. built in 11109,
wou ld be repiaeed by a dditiont to the
Bonneville concentrator built in the mid-
196{1's to . uppl.nwnt eT\IlIhing a nd grinding
operatMlnl oCthe two ok! mills.
Kenl\tCOU ia the State'. La",_ private
employer; nearly 2,660 people ore employed
at the min. and epproJim.ately 1 ,000 people
are e mployed at the U tah Copper [)Iv.
Other significant CIlpper produCU"5 In
19'7& wert the Tmie MilHl of Kennerot.t in
the EGat TIntie mining diBtrict, Utah Coun·
ty: end Kennecott', Mammoth MiM in the
Tinti!: IJIlnlna: dntrict, Juab Count,. In
l ng, olher copper producers included the
new Con- Fork;Mine of Ana«>flda in Tooele
.Coullty.
Tile Anaconda Co., ,ubsidiary of Atlant ic"
Richfield Co., shipped t~ first ooncentrate
from ita Cart f ott Mine 01\ AUiUSt 31, I979.
The Carr Fork underground copper mine iI
~t t.o the Ken neeott Bineha m Canyon
~. ,. pit mine in tbe Singham mining dil-
triel; surface faelUtI~ are in Pine Canyon, I
mile wert of Bingham, in Tooele County.
The property was 8cquired from National
TUllJle11t Mintoe Co. in 19.18. AI\.ct 20 yfllfll
cL e:rploration. in 1969, geologiCalI 8\o"Dlua-
ti(}/\8 and a drilling progrem « the propvrty
de li neated the Yampa aDd H i~la nd &y
ore bodiee by 1918. On SeptMlber 6, 1974,
the AnbCOndll bo&n! appr<l"'eCi aPVrQPria-
tlOll of $200 million to develop the Carr
Fork Mine; and shaft sinking comlT\f!n.:ed in
early 1975. Four circular, coocrete-lined
,hD.f\S will IIII!rnOl! the Q\(t Fork Mine.
Copper minenlnation over~ 1.85%
productiort-gT"8de copper cooaial.8 of ehalro-
pyri~ 8Ii&OCiated with pyriw and molybd&.
nlte, gold, and sUver b,produc~. Mining
method. eomiderad included cooI.entional
blast-hok methodB and c.nadl.aJl IndlUltl'7
Ltd.', patented "Vertical Crater Retreat"
method. The $220 million ~r8tion il ex·
pected to r«(lV", 41,OOCl to 55,000 tons p(tr
yea.r of copper. Eight hl.lndred people Are
employed at t he Carr Fork Pro;ect.. Several
artidee; doel!cribe the new projecl.'
Goid.-In 1918, Utah ranked third in the
Na tion in ao4d production: however, by
1m, the State rose to fi".t phK'e. '!he
principoU produotlr, in 19711-19. conti nued to
be the Utah Copper Div. oCKennecOU Co»>
peT Corp.. followed by K enneoott'~ 'l"rUia
Mine In the Eut Tintie mining d i$trict,
Utah c.,uo.t,. Otlwr product'1'I \"eOOveril\i
l{oId in 1978 included the Burgin Mine of
K.enDeCOt.t in ~he Ee$l Tintie dWriCl and
thl Ontario MiM of Park. City Venture. in
Sumrolt County. In 1979, the new Carr ForiI:
Mine of the AJI.8OOIlda Co. reoover\'!d gold
fum il.!! copper Ol'e$ Gold W&Ii obtained
frl)m eia:ht ope r8til)n s in (our cou n t ies in
1978 a nd from seven. opero.tiooa in foor
countieIJ in 19'19. The Ma mmoth Mine 01
Kennecott in the Tintic dhltricc.. Juab Coull.'
ty, continued producing SOld throua:hou t
the b;en n iu m.
I r(l n O~. -A I I iron p"od~ in lhe Sl8t~
was obtained rrom Open pit operations. In
Iron County. In 1978-79. CF&I SWe:I. Corp.
dire<:t-shipped iron ore from the Comstock
 THE MIN&Ji..AL INDU8TRY O F UTAtt 625

Tabk 4..-UtaIt: MIM ,....uetkln (rKOvft'aIllt!) 0' JOId. Ki I ..6 .

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Value

11S.l(IMt>3

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 526 MJNKJlA18 YEARBOOK , U'78+79

Titbit i.-Utah: Mhw pnJdw:Uon. (~vel'''de ) o( . old••lInr. copper, lead. 811d Ilnc,

..
h,. e .... of on or ot .. u SOIiI'Ce material
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propr\eW'J dati .
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"Dahl ..,. .... oM 1<1 ~ • ..,...., '*'*'- <IfiDol.o""""'t """"lIItI:.

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26(l.il~ ~, !st 19M182 W W
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 'flU:: MINEBAL INDUSTRY OF UTAH
Mi ne in the Pinto mIn in g district about 13
miles Wetit of Q,d.;. .. City; UnitM Stat..
Steel Corp, dirl!(:t-tlhi pped ore from the
Mountain !Jon mi ne; 8fld Ut.ah Intprn.IIlion·
ai, lnc~ m ined lind eon~ua ted a lower
cradc On'.: at the Thorn,*", and rron Springs
mlML Iron ore in the county '!I'M Bhi~ to
th.e CFI:I Steel Cot-p. • teel plent In Pu~lo,
Colo., and t o IRe Unlloed Stat.ee Steel o"MI'Ia
Work&, ne..... PJOYO, Utah. The <kneva
Works &50 obtainecl iron ore from At!anhc
City, Fremont CoWlty, Wyo. V1UKJ.wo raw
material! for t he ope ra tion of fhi. plant
,,"'ere obtained from ",i _ i n Colorado, Ne-
..ada, Utah, and Wyominz. CrLtde ore
shi pped in 1978 inereued 2% in amount
and 7,. in "1I1ue in 1978, then in 1979,
decreaBed 18% in IllDOWlt and 9% i ll .. atlle.
Ut«h' , ~nd largeet em ployer, t he
~neva WMb, ~ one of the 11l~ ~teel ­
making facilities in l he West, with In
" Mlu al eapacity of about 2.5 million lnsot
toIlS. 'nte principll.l producla from this ruUy
integrated Keel. plant are plates, hot-roI1ed
.beet. and mil5, lIlruc:tu ral IJh..apes, .... eJded
steel p ipe, P'-i iron, metall ul1lical roke.. blast
furna~ and open h earth.:lag producta, a nd
00Ill chemkals a nd nitrogen produClll foc
rertiliu r and iMUlIl n a l \lie.
In 19'1g, , new $9 million bas h~ Ill,..
elf-aning fll(:ility beaM operatiM! at the
~neva Wocu. The equ ipmen t i" d~t>ed
to allow burning of Jow~ulrur cool In the
poWi!C'houge boiler'll yeaNwnd u a 5U,ple'
rnentll l fuel to blast furnace ps a nd to
reduce PQrtieulate emililioos from the pOW.
e m olllllt. In 1979, UniWd Statell &e.} and
EPA negct"~ over the ai r pol lution con·
t rola necet'llary to limit em isslona at the
0en9\'8 pl8llt.
BIIrly Ih !979, Nuoor Corp., of OJarloue,
N ,C., announced plans to conilitruct a mini-
IOtee! mill on a 6o()..acre l ite ... t R;~rside in
Boll Elder Coonty. Sch6ctuIed for « mst ruo-
lion in 198~1 , the mill wu elpected to~t
~:; million and prod uce a.boo.It 350,000 IonII
pe r ,.,ar of flllo,. 8.Dd earbon Reel ang le!!,
flau, channel.. 8IId roun<b. Operation of
the plant will require about 250 people.
LttMI.-U tah W.IUI ranked four1.h in do-
me$llc production of lead in 1975, but with
the dQlling of K~nneoott'l Bur&in M ine in
t he East Tintic min Ing d lltrlct., Utah Coun·
ty, a nd the Ontario mine of Park City
Venturttl in Park City tIlining diltrin. Sum-
mit County, ~ production plu mmeted to
12th plaee in 1979.
1be INIi.zinc mini nl and milling oper-
atioN! a t the Park City Ventur .... Ontario
Mine, we re cl<*ld Febru ary 15, 1978. The
527
clQlllun!! affected lioout 350 mine lind mill
woritl!l'II. A company spoke5lTllllI l18.irl that
ltii h Cotta C8Ul1pd by watt!r and rock prob-
lems forred. tke shutdow n . Pa rk City Ve n .
WrfI!I, a 60-40 joint vent UI"& of!.he Anacondll
Co. ami ASARaJ, lnc;., had t-n operating
tho! 'mine under h·_ t'rom United Park
City Mine! Ch llince 1911.
On May 22. 1919, ~Ot"fmdl!l M in es E1(pJo-
rill ton, Inc., a lIUbBkliary of Nora nda Min"-
Ltd., reportedly paid P"rk City Venturell
$000.000 lor an option to Ieaft' t ho! United
Park City Mi0e9 Co. property. NQTlUIWo
Mint'S Explorlltion repo.-tedly j:lald a o addi·
tional $200,000 II..nd exercilled its optlon to
purchlllSe the Iea5e on August. 22, 1979;
thereafter N'orBDIU. will pay Ven tu nos ;3
million in $1 miJ Uon 8IInllai instaJ lrnen tli.
A<!"aoce roya lties paid by VlffitUre& to
United Park will be continued by Norand n.
pl.0$ a lIh~ of any net pfofita. 'l'hroughout
the rwt of the year, NQranda cont inooed t o
rellabilitate the mine and mill nnd uplore
the property.
Utah'lI IIWt remainiol Ica<kine m inin,
~ration. Kennerott', 'T1ntic Div . Burgin
Ml n.e nes.r Eureka.'1''' cloeed in Jwy 1978.
Kennecott le&aed W BuTJin (mlpe!'1,. from
Chi.f Consolidated MiningCo. lind from Ille
T intlc group - compQee<i 0( South Standard
Min ing Co. 8IId Amax-Arizona, In c. The
Burgin Mine hM yle!d0d 8u batan tia l pro-
duction since K.nnec;oU began operations
in 196.1; hau,'ever, a dlva"ity of problenw-
Including" large VQlumefI of hot, brackW!
water, interna l h eat, an.cl unlltable ground
OOtId itlonl- made mining unprofitable . pu.
Ucu larly with CUl'TOOt d epf'tM9d zinc priCet. \I
Kennecott's oyenIUoIlll ccmtinuM at th.
Trillk Mine. II profitaMe gold and silver
produC9I' in the same iIIne rai area. Tho
company retained ~n of it.. 7!iO-lOt\.
par-day mill a nd has made It available for
treIItillJ Il!'9'I from 1 _ operation. in the
d lalrlct.
The two baM-metal operatio,., the On·
tarlo and the BuTKin mi nes., alllO recovered
lNb$t.anti.aJ llmounta of loki, !lilver, and
nne. aosing of the two mines Wall reflected
in the decreage in lead production in the
State.
MllInHium,_ NL Indlllltriell. Inc., Mag-
nesium Div~ teCOVel'll map,e&iwn metal
and byproduct ehlorin. at ita Rowley pla n t,
on the ftOlI lh wellt shon! cI the Great. SlUt
Lalu! in Tooele County. The prodocq ara
e:d racted from brine ....len: of the Greet
Salt Lak~ in a complea prooeu that in·
cludes 1IOI.1I.r cvapora lion, chemieaJ treat·
ment. fl'eltipg, purif\clltion, and electrol~.
528 MIHERAlB Y&A.RBOOK, 1978-79
of the Mit melt. TM operation nrVresentAI
an investment of mOr(: tban $160 mll!ion.
ACCtJrding w tha compa.tl1. in 1918. ita
first full year of production, the plant Willi
ope-ra1ed at. filpproKimatel., • 2S.00fHon-per-
)"e6I" level, "the ~nt deaign capacity."
MejOll" lm provtments included increaood
eleetrotytic<eU output. and redlleed m:lin-
tenance aM proce. chemical ocst&, rmult..
ing in • reduction of 5S~ In operating
k:.e .. 10 1979. the board of d i ~1'I ap-
proved .elling the mapalum r&.tility to
focus their rHol.IICftJ in other Gp!lratiOM,
paruClllarly petroleum .lIervice8; Imd the
oomp8ny MM P"'liminary diicU88ions wrtb
prospective putchasen..
Mol,bllHlum._MoIybcknI.lM W'a& ~
covered '" II byprodllCt of ClOpper production
at the Utah Copper Di... of Kennecott Cop-
per Corp., the only mDlybdcnum prodOO\er
in the Stal4! . In 1978, the amount of molyb-
denum ' hippad I~ 42%; nnd the
value of ~ .klpmentli; ~ 101,.." partly
beca~ of the mereBIll'! In price. In 1979,
molybdenum lIhipped ma-d 11% , and
value of the &hipmenta iN:reased 32%. The
8V'trqe dol!)ftUc unit pri«! pet pound of
molybdenum in IXIIlcentrate WM $3.60 in
1977. $4.65 in 1978. and $&.07 in 1979.
In January 1918, Phelpa Dodge Corp.
announced the d~ery or po~like
rtwiyWenul:D mineralization with minor
t uDptl:n ,.IIIUM In 1M old Pine Grove
miniD&" district IOUth",. of MUfon:!, Bea-
ver County. The dacovny '11'' '
made in II
hole drilled between Oetober 1975 and April
[976. The flnt (our deep diamond drill holei
in tert«ted significant k>11jJtlw. 0( mclybde-
num mi ne ra li&lllion beno,_ 3,000 and
6,000 ~ Th. I~ of mi neralization fll
II cutotf' grade ol O.2~ MoS. ranged from •
m8l:irtll.lm of 900 feet to • min imum of 200
re..!t. although two of the bole. we.-e ttTmi·
nated .... ilho-ut bottoming thlll mineraliz..
at.iof!. On May S, 1978, Phe lp' Dcd~ Cor-p.
and ~Uy Oil Co. entered II joint-VI!ntuT"('
~menl , called the P ine Gr"O\'e' A.osoej..
aUl$, for evallUlting and, if WllrTlInted, de-
velepin&" the depo&it. Under t4lnns of t he
agreell!ent, Getty h.rui the right to acqu ire
52% intlmlSt In the property by 8po! nding
$4'-; m illion In a doop-drilling program. If
" ... cressful, the pcoject would tau a mini·
mum ol 10 Ye:l1"$ to develop. In the in iti.al
phase, four deep di.Bmond drill hole$ were
seh~lJled to be drilled at I CQJI. 0($250,000
eAch &nd the fiUrface of the property
mapped.
So.>I.nium,_Uuh Coppe r OIv, of ~en·
n@lC(lttCopper Corp. recovered aet!nillm all"
byproduct from refining oC copper OrH. Ip.
1919. produdlon Wat above that of the
pre~OUII ye.r.
SlI1".r._ KI!n necott Q,pper Corp.. Utah
Coppet' Di.... ap.l.n led the SUlte in the
pr«fuction ohlJ¥er, which wu rec.overec\ as
8 byprod uct (rom the 8iJIgham dlatrict.
KennecQtl'. 'hiJ:ie and Bumn mines in
Uta;h County and the Ontario Mine of ParJr.
City Venturer in Sun)/:D..it County were q.
n.ificanl pt'oducen in 1m. By lIn9, closing
the OrttArio And the Bu.1Pn (OlltnDuted to
the de.:line in amount of ou~t.. Silver_
nlCoveted from OMi , hipped from eia:ht
mines in four ooW\tie!l in 1978 and frem
IMwen D'litl~ in four countie!l in 1979.
With the Incr_ in the price or .Uver,
Ranehct'& ElF:pJontion and ~roenl
Corp. reevaluated ita Eeeillante aih'er milte
pNject in the E.ca1ante mininr dill!rict.,
Iron County. According to the 19'19 com.-.
n1 annual report, the depollit oonlAin. IDOI'e
than 1.8 millm tonIJ of Ot"e with • Iilver
content of 10 OUIlCllB per ton, plu. amaH
amounts of lead and onc. In September
19'19, the compan,y began • pilot lQinil1l"
pt'Ojec1. which Involved uca .... ting a 1,000-
root declil>e to itltenect. the vein and 1,000
feet 0( development work in the vein. 'nle
8-manth PJ'(Jjtct will lInable the c:om~y to
n-rify minerallmdon and grade, to evaluate
f'(l(!k and WAle"r conditionl. and to obtain
bulk umplea ror met.a.Jlu.-gieol tftCing. An
estim.ai.M "0.000 taIloDli of water per min·
ute may have to be pumped from the
workings.
Tunplm._Sma.tJ a.rnount8 oC acheelite
tungtlten are wue mined in UtU durin&:
19'18.79.10 Boll Elder County. SoreDlll)n aDd
Collier ahipped rrom the Sun Uranium
Mine near Lucin iD 1978-19, and ~
Industries shipped in 1978. In T_ lt Coun·
ty. Abracodabra Exploration Corp. made
.hipmenl.a in 1978-79 from the FracticIU
Lode, c&P Le881ng from the Star Dust
m ines at Gold Hill, and Bunir.eof Tunpt.eD
Co. f rom the Glen Dale R.a:neh . Steve
Stooden .hlpped from. a min. in Davis
County in both years. Ar. the plice of t\ltlg-
aten decl ined, production ;\00 the value or
prodliM metal both trended hedYi\y down-
~.'"
Vanadillm_Val\6d Ju m is obtained rrom
the ura.n iu m..... o.dium depos it. of the Colo-
r.do Plateau. M(l5t of the outpUt comes
from San Juan County where "anadium
was recovered (rom. the u ranium·"anooium
("Ires of 21 minell in Ir.R and 84 mine! in
1979. ErneI")'. Garfield, aM Grand Counties
"'30 h~ 8OJIlf" production. 0,"" ~
 THE MINEJt.AL INDUSTRY OF UTAH
shipped \0 Union Carbide Corp. eonoentr8-
toni In Rifle and Uravpn, Colo .. AlId to the
Atlas Cerp. plant near Moab, Utah. Of the
five prodocill&" Slates in 197&, Utah ranled
lIe«Iod it> ~ount and value cl production;
a nd in 1979, the State was second in amo.nt
and th ird in value cl production.
Energy Fuels Nuclear, Jnc., in 19'1lS, be-
gan constructint!: Ii $SO million uran ium·
vanadium ore-buying Illation and 2,OOl}..ton -
per-day concentrator ilt While Mesa. 6
m ikfl IICIUth Of BlfUtding, San Juan County.
Ore had boon 6wo;).piled at the mill ~te
"ina. 19'77. Feed for the mill will be obtain·
ed from EnertY Fuel mines and indepen-
df:nt minee in the area.
Zinc._The drastic decline In zinc produc-
tion in the State WWI principally milled to
I""", Dnc price9 and the dOll ing or the Bur(in
Mine in thol EMt Til'llic ditttict and the
OnltlrtO mine in the Park City district in
1978. Although the two mines n!COVered
gold and silver from the base-metal ores,
lead a nd ;hlle were the principal comiDOdi·
tiP!' min~.
[n 19'18. them were five zinc produc.no in
four CQuntietJ. By 1979, d ne production in
the SltIte Wall negligible, "nly ()(le mine
rncClV'em :ltne. The a~88f! unit pric@ of
nne W83 ~. S440 per pound in 1977. $O.:n
PIIr pOUIld in 1978, and $0.3100 pt'r pOUnd in
'919.
Zin:ollilllll.-In July l!nS, W~tern ZirCO>-
n ium, Inc., beg/lTl CODIIIl"uc:tion of a ~
miltion plant tel produc.l.ireonium alloy in
the Southern Pacific lndUlltriai ParI!:, 12
m iles 8Quthwe5t of Ogden. Weber County.
Inidlilly, zircon IllUtd ores will be imported
from Austmlia and pt'OCelIIIOO to prod\lCl! 3:
to 4. MiI!ion pound!! per year of zirconium
allo,. which is used 10 contain nuclear flrel
in water-coolec:l nuclear pc>WlIfJlbtnb. Pr0-
duction. wuexpected in l!ISO.
MONMfT.....$
NIl,i"e A.. phlllt 1It...1 Othu BitlllftenL_
Gibiooite Willi produced by American Gi)·
sonite Co. at Bonll1U'.ll., Utah, in Uinta Coon·
ty, and by tbe Ziegler Chemical'" Mineral
Cot'p. in Wf:her County. By mid·1979, Amr.r-
ic:an Gilsonil.e compleWJ ita $5.3 miloon
COMOJidtt.ted pnxe!IIIing plant at Bonanza.
Ce...ent.-Portland C!menl Co. of Ulah
miUlufactun.d portland. rement at lUi plwt
in Salt Lake City. The Ideal Cement Co.,
Div. of IdM.l Basic Industries, lne~ quarri~
limeetone and shipped portl~.fU1d mt\lIOn.
ry cement from ita Devilll Slide plant site in
Morgan Ceunty.
PortlAnd Cement Ce. rni~ oernent rack
529
a t it.!! Parley's Canyllll quarry 12 miles elJ.l!;t
of Salt Lake (.."':it)' a nd qu;o.rried a OImall
a moynt of high-grade limestone at its
Grsn tsville property in Tooele CoWlty. Raw
m ... teribl from prima ry and geOOndlIry
crushing operations a t both quarries wall
"hipped to the company's 3-kiln, .....el--procen
o:emellt plant in Salt Lake City for p~
tni·
In 1978, producti"n capUtty wu 260,000
h,Hl!I of cement per ,ear; however, all expon-
Ilion program 'Xlmpleted in H179 brought the
plant C8Pftcity up to 420,000 tons per year.
On September 13. 1979. Lone Star Indue-
tries, In~., acquir.ed Porthmd Cement Co. of
Utah for $38 million cash_ Earlier in the
year, Lone Star had dillcllXled. plana to build
a roo,ooo ton·pe.r·year ce ment plant on
the Ij:ite Portland Cement Co. owns nt"oM
Grantsville, 45 miles Weilt of&lt Lake city.
Plam; for modeJlluinz and e:r;panding the
Ideal Cement Devi~ Slide plarot in Weber
Canyon .... He revealed in 1m. Operatod by
the compBny aine. 19M, the plant n"w has
II 360,000- Uln.per-yesr capacity. Studies
ha\·e indicated adequate rnoll~ ill the
8ree to ~pport the plann.ed I· mlllklll-ton-
per·year cement manufacturing facility.
Furthe r deVl:'I~1$ included Martin
Marietltl Corp.'a annou.nwd ooostntction of
an $85 million cement pl""t ~ppr<;ll[jmately
lOS mil es .uth of Sail Lake City in Leam-
ington, l-IUlard County. Coo!rt.ruction (If the
650,OOO~ ton·po.!r-ytil.r fCleility WM to t."!gin
during the 80umJner of 1980 .and to be com-
pleted. by mid-I982. The estim~te includes.
eonltruction CO&u, the cost of establiAhing
marketing termina1& in Salt Lake City, and
8.58OCiated. engiCfl'ring and management
eDGta.
Cky and Shflle,-In 19'18--'19, ¢:)MJ*IlW:os
mining rommon clay $hale in Utah included
Utelit.e Corp. in SUl:nmit (bunty; Mounttlin
Fuel Supply', Entrada IndUflriEl' in StIll
Lake, Summit, T ooele, and Utah Counties;
and InterpilC@" Corp. in Sevier, Utah. and
Weber CountiM. Rtdmond CLay and SaJt Co.
and Amme Utah Mining Ce. in Sanpete
County, mined bentonite. Western C1a.v in
Sevier County. shipped ruller's earth, and
R. D. Wildie, OilY Ce. in Utah County
shipped fire elay.ln 1979, WflIri:em Clay Co.
mined bi!ntonilAl and fuller's earth in Sevier
Co\lr'Jty. Cl.y WN ute6 principally in IIlAI\U-
f&eturing brick and concrete block and in
ttructur-.i ooncrete. Smaller quantit_
were UIII!d in oiJ.ref"mery catalystll. WlIi:er-
prwfina- compoeitionli, drilling mud. animal
feed, and fertilizers.
lnterstat.e Bricll: Corp., a division of En-
 530 MINERALS YEARBOOK , 1978·79
t rada Indust ries, a subsidiary of Mou n tain
Fuel Supply Co" added a multi million dol-
lar kiln. and manufac1.uri nr fae ility to its
Wen J(>r<:lan plant. DNi8ned to inc~~
Jlroducticm capac ity by 56%, the ki ln Q 20
feet wide Rod 0100 leet long-one of the
widest in the United Stat.e3-.and will pr0-
duct! 4~ million bricks annua.lly. lnte l'8t8te's
Salt Lake County Cottlmw/Xld d ay pitll are
in the Big u.ttonwood m in ing distr ict.
nUorl)NII T. - No n UOT'\lpar production WaR
rerordf.d for the State in 1978-79. Fluorspar
had been prOOl1«:d frOM m in."" In Juab
County.
Gem S toneo.._l ndividua JlI_a rnat.eul"9
and prof_ionals-eollected ~m-!ltone rna·
teriol and mineral specimens from vaMoUU
~ in the 8 t llt.e- during the biocnn ium .
lleo;a.uJie no !alEe com poll les mine gema in
the Stale, inrormal;on ig ineom pit!w; ho"..ev-
er, the BureRu of Mine!! etl timate5 value of
production W8J! $75,000 in 1978-79. Two
i\etu; of interest appeared in the literatu re."
Graphik (Sy.l.~id.-5ynthetic gnlph·
ite is produud at Hereul@!!, rnc. , Aer05p3!:e
Div., Graphite Fillet'll Oepertmen t. The
plnnt, built in 197{), ilJ locatA:!d ['It Herc-ulell
BacehUli Works near Magna in western Salt
Lake Cou nly. Manuf!lClured graph ite fiber
1& used M ill Ii&htweiiht, h Q;'h.. tnmgth
struct ural m aterial in military and com·
m e rciai ll in::rnft, !lpacecl"8it, miNi le&, IndulI-
trial eqll ipmeDt. and Rporting ioodll-
GyJlflllm.--Georgia PacifIC Corp. and
United Stated GYJl8UDl Corp. mined gypr;u.m
for Will in the man ufaetul'l? of plaster and
wallboard at plants in the Sigurd AI'ell,
Sevier Coun",. Theile compan ies have the
largelJl l!:Yr'&um operations in t he State a nd
are major" employE.TSI in the tK>fl~ltural
rector in thl!' art'tl. Other compan ies with
active iYJlllu m operations ineluded Thoma3
J. Peck & Sons with an open pit mine a t
Nephi, Juab Cou nty; Whiu!- M(>Ilnta il'\ Gyp-
sum CCI. with a mill at FiIllJlOro, Millard
Count): Cox Enterpril es, Inc .. in &tnpete
County~ and 8ut ~ Gas and Oil Co. in
Erner-yCounty .
Crude gy"", ... m ill calcined for manufac·
turing "llI5wrs and wal!boord a nd market-
ed for IlI1t! as a ceme nt retardoer, &II a lIOil
nl!'ut mji~r in agt"icu lture, and asa filler.
Lim e.-Itl 1978-'1'9, Utah Marblehe&d
Lime Co. a nd Flintkote Co., U.S. Lim(' Diy.,
in Tooell~ County. we~e the larl!:es1. produc-
en o f lime in the State; in 1978, the Ken-
ne<:ott Copper ('..(I., Utah Copper Dlv., &It
Lake County, and Utah· lda ho Sugar Co. in
So,. Elder County, followed in amou nt 0(
production. Utah-Idaho Suga r Co. did not
report Iim6 p rod uct ion in 1979. Lime ia ul!ed
for refractories, m8!!On's lime, flotation of
!Ullfide copper ores. a nd for Burar refining.
Utah bUorblehe.!l.rl Lime Co., a subllidillry
of General Dynamics Corp., announced oon-
st r uction of a'1.1 million poI lution-contr«
f.acility at i tt Tooele plant in the Lakeside
mining district. The new f.eility will il't)-
prove oollection of po.r1.iculaie matter (rom
ita lim€!!tone operation.
In December 1978, the Steel BrOIl. Cana·
da. Ltd., of Vancouver, B.C.• annnullC<'!d
plans for a $'i milli.;,..., 500-ton·per-day
\I.uicklirne plllnt south of Delta. The plant
will "roduoe qu icklime for uSC: in flue gR!I
K rubbeIll at po_~lanta and other indw.-
trial plants. Limestone ore for t he ,,!ant will
bt mined (rom an OpeD pit depollit in the
Cricket Moun lail18. The Canadian oompp-
ny'~ operation iD Utah is lo"behandlecJ by ill
9ub5idiBry , Continental Lime. Inc~ of Uta h,
Coru!t.ruclion began in 1979 with completion
IICheduled for 191!{J.
Magnesium Compounds.-Gre!lt Salt
Lake Mineral!! and Chemical Corp, a 6ubsid-
iary of Gu lf Re&our«'$ and Chemical Corp.,
l'I?OOV1!rOO m~ium ch loride arw:I other
oompounda from the briJl eB gf Groat Salt
Lake. The sotar eva>'Oration and processing
plant it; located on the east shorf: oflhe lake
west of Owi:den In We~r Cou n ty. The mag.
neaium chloride was re-ported ro be wed
mainly for dust oontJ'(ll p81"tieularly in tlte
sugar beet in(jll$try.
Kaiser AlulIlinum and Chemical Cor p.
abo r«overed magnffiu m ch loride and oth·
er compounds from ill; Bonneville, Ltd~
o peration on the 8onn.... i1Ie SPit Fiats ~ar
Wendo::wer in TOIJoek County.
P editf'.-Crude perlite was &hipped from
the Mountain Maid Mine near Fillm~.
Millard County. The Pax Co. produced
e xpanded perl ite a t i1$ plant i ... Siol tL,,~
City while Georgia. P~ifiC CtJ rp. did like-
w~ at il.e facilities in Sigu rd, Sevier Coun-
ty. The prod uct W3l'l u~d principally for
h orticilit ura l agp't'gate. iRlulation. eon·
crete, a nd pl:utel' l'I8Il're{tatw. In 1919, prl)-
d~tion of expanded per lit."! increased in
both amount and "lllue over t hat of 1978.
Phosphllk .-SwulTer Chemical Co. again
was the only phO!!l"hate producer in the
State during 19'13-711. Ph\ll!phate rock Wa3
m illed a nd prOC(o!lsed at the company's facil·
ities near Vernal, UinUoh County. Stauffer
reported min ing operatioll.S were expanded
in 1!n9,
PotMh.-The three c:om pan i.., producing
polalllh in the State, TUa$Ulf, Inc .. Gre-at
Salt Lak.e Mineral6 And ChemiCAls Corp.,
 'l'tfE MINl:HAL lNDUSTRY OJ!' UTAH
and KaMer AJumjnum and Chemi~ ~rp.,
used aolar evaporation in p~ their
product& Weather played an important
part in the 1I~ oftne operationa.
Texaagu.lf. ]nc~ l"ilCOV.ered pota»h by Illlu-
tion minin& at ita Cane Creek properties,
Weill of MOAb, Grand Cotant)', wlwre the ore
0<:C\I1'3 at a depth of 2,800 feet. Sodium and
potaMium briDeIJ concentrated In 8Dlar
ponds, harveated by acrapera, d umed, lnd
pumped to the ooncenuator where froth
flotation W811 u.oo. to produce 60.,., K,o
muriate nr potaIIh concentrate from the
evaporite. In 1978, the company in~taJll!Jd ill
IICrubber which was espect.ed to remuve
99% of thEo potuh fiRM from thot dryer
stack of the ~ng plant. TexlIB(Ulf
ahiJII i.:. muriate of pot4UIh from Cane Crnolr.
to domestic fertilizer mixers and biand&m
and then to market. in Aum-alia. Central
and South America, and New ZMIand. 'nIe
oomptm)' 8l1nounoed plans in 1979 to JllUve
inw industri.1 salt production. SiJr; JDilIWIl
to... of salt had been reeovered lUI a byprod-
uct of potash productiOJl and II10red at lhe
Moab facility,
Great Salt Lake Mineral!!: IlDd Chemicala
Corp. (lbtaiu i~ brine supply from the
northam half of G~t Salt We where the
potusium C(lnU!nt ill 50%> higher than. III
the l<IutMm halr. Brilleti aI1l red to wla.r-
evaporation ponde 1II'here pot.MsiuL1l-ricll
&alta are harveIIted after the h&lite Uld
mlllnelliuL1l sulfate are cryatallDed. A futh-
tiot.et.ioo cin:uit roruItructed at the plant in
1975 Wall UlIed to IWlIJYf!r the l ulfaw of
potaMium.. The pl.e.nt ii the IN'gNt J)((Id\lCe'r
of~um aulrote in the United State&.
At the .KaiIer Aluminum It: ChemimJ.
Corp.'. BoIIneville Ltd" plant, brine& oear
the eurfao;e are ooJlecled in an erleruiive
I}'I1:em of canals cut about 14 foot !loop to
the bcltwrn of tru. aa1t bed. At'\el' the precipi-
tation of halite and gypaum, eyJvinite Cll'&-
tale are harvested in aollll" PClndJ. f'roth
flotation is U8I!d to recover 60% K.o mu-
ri!de of polaIIh oonrellbate from the
aylviDit.e-liIr.e evaporite. New evaporatiDa
ponde and .(0 miles of collecti.q eanaIA.
dilr.~ .and bafIles being colllltructed in the
late 19'70'. __ to be completed by 1980.ln
Octobe-r of 1978, a fin:'! oompJetf!,ly deetroyed
the old flotatioo p!ant; but by March 19'7t. a
new $:;U mill ion, 3fiO.ton-per-oiay flotation
plant had been nbllilt on the aite. The
company empio>, 58 worlr.en.
Pumrl«..-FiIIroon. Producu., lnc~ WMl of
Fillmon! in Millard Coonty, continued fDbe
the &ate'. only IIIlpplier of pumiceouu 1I1ata-
rial. Most. of the procetllled volcani<: cindtrtl
531
....ere IlSed for !andlll.:a.ping and the remain-
der (or oonc~te oggregate,
SaiL-Produce" of uJt in L97fl included
Greet Salt Lake Minerala and CheMical.
Corp., in Webet' County; Ut.h s..tt Co.,
American Soh Co., Hardy Sait Co., and
Lakepoint Salt Co~ all in Tooele County;
Morton Salt Co. in &1t Lak. Counly;
Redmood Clay'" Salt Co., in Sevier Coun~y;
Lake CrylItaJ Salt Co" in Box Elder County;
OInd Moab Brine (La Sal Oil), in Grand
County. Evarorated aalt ....411 produoed in
Do:.; Elder, Tooele. and Weber Cou ntW.;
brine in Gnnd. County; and roclr. BRIt in
Sevier Colmty.
Great Salt Lab MineraI. and Chemiealt
Corp., a wbsidiaty 0( Gulf RewuI"Cl!ll &
Chemical Cw-p. , oonstructed .II $4.5 million
Mit Proce!IIIing plant at itl operation _ t c:L
Ogden on the eaIIt abore ofGn>at Salt Lake.
Cor:opleted ()rctdIer L919, the new pl.lIt. is to
inCreGIIe the company'e mdt-producing ca-
pacity to 600,000 tona per yetlr and free
exieting Nllt-production circuitJ! f(lr the in_
Cn!Med output of pot/l$eium ,ulf~te. The
pl.ant features dI"Yini". lICreening. and min-
eral.iring equipment; blocking, peUetizing.
and high'flp9l!d ~ng lines;. and ware-
hooalng and loading (aeilitin. In IIddition to
tbe 240 JII.lnlOWl workinH at the pkanl, anoth-
er 50 people 1Iiill be employed.
Salt depouitl in the Paradox Basin in
lKlutbea8t Utah were bein{!: inVl!5tigated for
the storage of radioacUye waste that oomes
from military projedl! and nucleor plAnu.
Ia. Salt Valley, 25 mila north .....est o( Moab,
three deelt"hole e:.;plomtions rrom 1,300 to
4.000 feet ..ere completed in ]978. Lisbon
Valle, WIIB alao being .studied .... 8tOr'age
.flu.. B6ct.UM' MIt ill dry, dillperaea heat
mpidl,., and ia pJlIIItic. allowing fntctures to
heal. it is prop»ed llII a good material fot
burying the radiDactive suMtana!ll.
Sand and. Grayel.--Sand and gravel wu
mined at 72 deposits by 59 operatonJ, in.
eluding 11 county and State hi8"hway de-
partments,. in 1978. Most production was
oh~ed (rom depoejta clO11e to population
oeratera in Cach6, Dum. Salt Lake, Sanpete,
Tooele, Utah, and Weber Countiea. In 1978.
fIIlI:Id and. grawA sold or Il86d in. Davia. Salt
L..ir.6, Sanpete, and Utah Countiai account-
ed (~75% of the State's total, Cc.JUItruction
sand and I(nlTeI production and value in-
creased in 1978; but both '"ere orr in 1979.
lodualrial IIU"Id and gravel prooucti.oo. in
1978, declined in 8DlOUIl1 and value, but
remained th. i!&L1le in amount and value in
1979. AmOlllJ the ROIImeta1llc commodit~,
Und 1md gravel remained. in third place,
outranked onlY by Cltment and. pot.a.:Aum
u1~.
 MINERALS YEARBOOK, 1918·79

"n ",. ......,

...._. ,- - ...
,...... ""
....,
-.... ....-..... ......
V,,_..... ....-
QIoaoti' 7 QI>ooftIitl

..... ,-
"'- v••

-
,~ . V.I ... V,,_ V,,_ v....

...-
.~
~~

-'"' ~- M~

,- ,-
..,.,
'm
.- ....
.-
,~.
~~:..;.;.;.:::: 'I.M ~.o;,l lUI

.. ,....w ,....
N. NA
." o. W
'"
o.
....
W W ."

.. .. ." ,..,.,
______ •. _
Oon<~pnw:\u<tI
w w w
Ao~oolll<

~....t"""" r.
............. _______
s..........______
J!U I _~
'J"o _____
____
_ _ __ __ •___
__ ',U~
,~
.....
U ..
....
... , .." "',
1.11
NA
~
'.ro
,.~
I.1lJ

U"
, " .,. ~

Othor _ ____________

'" ..... iii \:;8 iii iii 1:;0:

TotalLor~ _ __ _ _ _ '"
11.8'5
'"
Ii,.
.~

1.57 1.1, ...... ...,

IMtl
Nil. Nd. • ..,; •• b~. 'II WilIoh8lo! 10 .._ di5:I ..ir\i ...... _ _ _ ",data: ""..s..I1a '''fIIoIAl-
'n.Ia",,_.odd ""~""""""'_"' in~~ro .. Dd:inc.

'hlile 8.- Utllh: CeMtrUeUo. Mad Ilftd Ift"t!

--.-- .....
...1. or ullelll .,. ,mdu~ers
.m
...- ....,.....,
.~ ,~

... ,....
-~
- ... -.,.,. ..
Q\MIItiI,
,~- V"- v,,_ v•• v....v,,_
." -'<
" V.I...
~- ~- ~ -,
" - .... ~

.. ,.., A.' "

• • _ _ _ • • _ ____ _ _
11.11
"" ,''-'"
s-.!~_

~ 17.1015
'"' 11.54 '1.011
o..v.l ,. __"" •• __
Tot.aI L.... . ___ ------

wWI ......Id""a......... _I"4~~'7 __

''',
,,,.,
"'"
1IJ9~
'" " ".....
1.U
1.14 .....
'.~
.... ..., 1.1.

'n.Ia...,_a<l~t<>_.-..-...- ~~ .

'I'abk '.- Ula h; Crlu,hed lltooe' tohl or.ted by P'f04I~," .M

~~.I\orl __ ~datl.anl

,,,. ,n.
"" v,,_
.i5ii ......... '''--" "• V,,_mn,,
u. QtouoItIJ' ~1itJ'

.. _-_ ..... __ ._ -_ .... __..

-----------------
'.m"
u

",.,, ,."..•, '.... "".. ..'"• ,...

• • "• " '"•
W
~

.
.............. _0- ._ .. . __ .. ,W
T . . .•
"" "'" "" 9.716 11.651!1
~ _
 THE MlNERAL INDUsrRY Of' UTAH

SodKun s.".te..-G~ t Salt Lake M;'e,.. County; and Utah Seenic Stone quarried
al9 and Chom ltala Corp. cont in ued to rewv· aandstone fo r :!Iawed buildill.g It.one in
er aodium . ulfat.e at Its operation llCar WlloShingtQn Count,.. Other "'" for ~e
Ogden. Magnesium d tl oride. pot.a8sium sw- included IUrface treatment, rnlne dulltin&".
fale. !!Odium .ulfate, and 8B.lt -...ere ~ver· poultry grit, and dam cooftniction.
eel ftom the hrinea of Great &It Like. Vennkullte.-Althou,gh no r:rude ve,..
Sodiwn Bulrale production deel'UMd In rn lcu Ute W811 produced in Ut.h in 1977.78,
amount and valne in 1m, but rea:wtttd Venn iculite lnt.ermounc.in Inc., continued
llUb!Mn tiaUy in. 197\}. to erlollate vennicu.llte from OIlt4-Slate
Stone._F~n companies qUArried IIOlI Z"Oe.. In 19'78. 50% of the product Wtul
lIlOne t'rGII'> 2S quarrinl in 15 eou ntiet In uaed. for con¢f'et.e ~ate: ,.081 of thv
1m and rn.n 35 qlW.mt. in 15 COUllti. in rcmaj ndet'" went for too.e.-ml in.uletion
1m, Principal prod uoera in bot.h yun and fiRPNOnng. Th. followirl8" year, about
inehJded United Statea Steel Colli.; IftIJ 6IH(,of the product ....811 ueed for yenniculit.e
lJuic lndultriel. loc.; Portland Cement Co. block; the remainde.r We!)! (or concrete
of Uu.h; U.S. Lime Diy. DC Flintkw Co.; aggrepw, 10000000flil insulation, fireproofmg,
Southem Pacifie Railroad Co.; 9.J'Id U.s. pipe lXlYerinf, plaster, ADdJDillXlnditioner.
Mart:KeM1d Lime Co. • division of Crilneral
Dynamics, Inc. The cruahed stone.,.. \:tied
mainly lor Aux, Clement, ripNlp jetty, and
deadburned doklmite. The Cache County
Road Department UMd crushed lirneIItooe
(Dr dense road hRIIe. Boll Elder, Moqan,
&It Lab. Tootle, and Utah wer1I ttt. prln·
tiP'll producing countie8 in 1978-'19.
Four oompani ea mined dimension ,toone:
Star St.oM Co., Jne., quarried sandatone in
Boll Elder Cou nty ror roUfh block! I nd
fbaina: W.A. Hu teo Stone Quarry, loe.,
q~ aanobtone in Summit County for
~e ~ and ..wed bull d.lng
mne: the Cleo and Raggi& Teet.er operaUoo
quarried irregular sandnone in Box ~r

Table lo.._Ptlnelpal pmdUCI!I"B

,-""
9roo!v 118). x.._ BIda.
8UI. LMo UIJ". \1'1" &u:a
Q ..... ttifhdl
!WtlMu,ca.1, UTII4115
c . - t Di •.
"""In
...:l.5'C_SootIo
SUo.
,...
8.a

WtLaUC!t,. t'1'StU O
~-.lp-- -------

TX w_ H&ntoriIlo &:I.
0iIIcn. tIT 1IMI11

0,. pll 0IiDM ____ • _ _ •. __

....~~~a._ MIG-.tIflao"'_
JooU _ Briei. Carp..
Uwl; .. eorp ________ • .'
... 511
"'OOl I.,..,., lIT ~

~~k. VI' ~11

""-
~ Q:pperl,)wp.' - -
n. "-"'" Co.
_1125
~Vr~~~_~__ _
WiRooW a-. ..... a... ....'
_~.u~Jt..IrQ .
 M1NERAU! YEARBOOK, 1978-79

Table- Ht._PrI..d plil pr.du~e,.. -conliDUed

ClouD! J

.........
o-p I'aoilloleo.,o _ _ _ _ _ ~~UTM%T_ . __ • __ Snio.,
c.._.

-
Unlt049t.o.en-.. Do
SicoI"'.t.rr~7
b"",~
crAls-ta".,.... ______ _ .....M Opn pit mi_ ..... ______ _

U"jIelSta.... &MiOorp __ .....

c..da:rC;t,y,UTW".'l'I

.... "
~C~.
--- -"'> - -------- -.O' •.. Do

....
UT84'!20
m.hIntem~tioNoI. l nc: _.'_ ~ Os>eto pin"i ~ cs_plan.to __ _ Do
O!o::\o., CiIy. I}'I" W20
3O!I1tHrne BkW.
U"ilOi """ CNyl(;_Co.·
1,.1_:
s.. LaktCl.,., lJT$U fl
'J'Ml1iJockcJl.oCo.' _____ _

...'"
limo 257 Opo.,pjt""wM<l p!NlI ___ _
G.."WvilIe, lIT 84.ZiI ____do ______ • __ • _ •••
U..... ~Ll_O> _
T-t...l1T IIWI(
~1 ...... 1tIc. _____ _ 2.38 Nottll :noo 11'-.1
PIal>! _______ .... __ _ O'''
Do.
s..n lal.Ci'J', trr811i&
t>t-p/ul1< roo:k:
&.o,,tr..- (1)oWt.l.l 0> M.niIIos...._
V.....w. UT S407l!
1'Il_(~.oaIu.:
G....aSdtr..lo.a_ l'!ant _~ _____________ _
DodldM.
. ndu.....ioalOiotp.·
___ .do __ • ___ .••• __ .. ...

-".
KaiMr Ah ..immI ..a.-ical'
~.'

...T....... lr. l... O' • .• _ •

""-'o>m !Ialt(h,O' _"'O' .....

_SoltCot ___ . ___ _
Sou:.iaoocl&nnl:
ea..J.)o~"",
GibIIo:M"a-IO> •• ,. • .
•. O'_ • •
MoH. VI' 84S3Z
... on
O.,.,..tniu., VI' B40ZP
A.Il.F. &.i'3IlI\4
"""1 ______ ----------
......... ... ... _- ------
S!oJtWtCitf,1J1'tl(11/2
____ _ 50 r-t. PI_ North Pi....... __ •• .• • _______ _ s.._
Manti,. UT84s.u

lilocno s-d;lo c"'..I...• __

826Wo.t 1000 N<>rtb
- ~"
~~~-". UTSHl~
PIlo-dj\lanb _______ •• _

____ do _____ . . .... O'.'._

.....
D...;..Solt
W~.
SehlAb.
-~

-
Salt t.lw Cily, UT Mil' ___ .do _____ O' ___ - v _
aa!lwtlo too EMt .. _

BoII$P
~ CitJ . UT!I4w.!

80utiwrn I'xir", lOll !It. Quarry --- " " O''' '' - •. _ • _ _
T.--rtMj"r'u. s---,to.CA~ l ~

u.ui.d~S&<:o:lCorp" 0". 510 ___ .do ___ O' .... __ .... ___ _
WnIO'" StorM:Opoftt""'. P ....... UT E\.t601
U.wru uo>dnad ......:
.....'"
....
Au... ~ Dio. of /ltlao
~.t.
c.~
~ru.IoNuclur. IG~

file AIJo.,COtp_ ••• ___ •

• ......
M"""-UT&lsa:!

e.... diq, lfI' 1U611

o-Ino-Wc -';(10 and min __ ""
SanJ......

u _ Carbide )Ilnir.a _ .....

11<>. 610
~VT3I.5.:r.
~
~mirut"'~JlIAM

UfIde""",nd """"" ___ . _ ~_

_ Do.
O""""" ",,d

'AI ... _c.

M~ lo " . C .... J"'~.CO~I$QI

'Aim said. Jo.rod, l___ """1.d........ , Hltni ~fl.. _ . oih'Wf, .".j ...... ,
s.., ,,......

· AJ...aold ...... oIl ..... _

·Alm_,IIOl4,~h...,.nd.mc,
·AI.. ~ ..... .....,JI'>I'..... ud..Jt..
·AJ...~um ..... _ ....,
 The Mineral Industry of Utah
By Lorraine B. Burain '
The val .... of nonfuoel mineral production
in Utah ~hec1 • ,ecood $'159 million
dW'irl4f 1980. I M ding oornmodit.iN in 'tal..
of output ... _ wppe., (IOId, ~ .....
lilver, potMh, and portland. oem"",t. C.
,"., ••• Ow&ve', _re noted in the amount
of production of e very oommodity ucept.
native .."h&lt (JileoniUl), elaya, lime, moe-
.... um compounds, pUl·P, and beryUi\llll.
Nati<Jnalb", in _fuel minerala, Utah
wu rtU\kecl fltst in value or prod\lction of
beryllium ... d gil8onite; -.uI in copper,
potuh, and vanadium; third in KOld ud
molybdenum; and r.ru. in .at......
Metal8 apin oontributed monI thin
three-rourthol of the ...lu& of ......rue] miner-
al productlon In the State. and, even wtth
the impact. of the copper ,t.rik.. copper
production .... about half of tIuot toIaI
"at_ Altho<.wb .......... production _
down in value and ' m""n t, the ir.c! rein
the price of p1d and IIilver and MnF 111<111t
r prod~ in pl.rt, reflected the inflatio-
riae in " . 1.... of producdon prevented a
Jl'Mter decline in value of metal prod_
tion. The wpper flCrike, which ill Utah
I·.ed from J \Ily 1 to SepWmber 8, wall the
principal cau.e of the decline In copper
output and 1t8 ~r bJproducta aold, . il.....,
and molybdenum. The dec:> 77, In il"Oll on
and nn ..4ium produccioa .... attributed
<:hiIIfb 10 dept I I oond.i~ in the . . .
indlYtry. reeulti". rrom a.wwdown In the
automotive and co ...truetion lnduatriM.
Tbe _UDued drop In the COIIaumption of
I. . . an .dd.ith'. ill pm'i ... and in zine
woed in the automotiwo and _ l lndWltiiel
led to lower pr~ ofthoooe metat.. ln Utah,
the ,/Teet of thole declin. hal been the
al.....t oornple~ .t!l,Itdown of mine. that
prodUO& lMd IIDd dDc.
Mo.I minerab IIDd materiaJII in the
nonmetala grotIp Meli,*, In the amount
pfOdltOld. Val .... Inti £J!l I. ~. in
potuh, WI, ef1ionilA!. lime, atone, poo.-
phaw. an."m. clQ'. ~l,Im com-
pouDda, p"mlc.. , and m "'ry ........,t. Since
OIItp"t dedined. the inctzrF jp Yalue 01
nary t.rwId of the ttm.. I •• di", nonmetal
oornmootiti. ranked by value induded pot-
Nh. portland oem.tnt. Alt. and and anWlI,
aU-!u. lime, ~, and phoIpbata.
,2>
526 lIllOU+'B n ....JI.IKNK. 1980

Table 1.-Nonru~1 mlnenl prodadlon In Utah'

,-
.... .-.....,-,,- ••
-" .
--- ,,,. '" ••*
."
.Mtric __ _ . - - = n'&IT
,!;'I,TIG

"' ..., "... ..'"

17 JAW
8::~ OIobio.,",;0, of . . . _ 3---- -__ ___
u __ - - - - --
""!l
I. __________ _",, " 77
.....
1'''1 .... ....
0,:
ltooo .... , _
u ___ ' n n _ ....._ ..... _ _: "'f."
M .~ ~

" _ _~, ~.,.. • .... IM ... ' - _ _ W ' ",,- _ Ule

~ ,,, . • , !If ....... -.otcJ

•••..• • ,.
• -.Ie _ _ •
u... ' __

........ .....-
n ___ _ __ U U __ U ____ n __ . . . . _ _ _ _

~ ~ .~

~
~.. -----
_____ ___________
- --------- - -_________________
- ---------- -- ----__-~
GL --
__ -_
• w•
SoIL __ ____ ___ ____ ___________________ _ _ _ • __ • __
s.....t ............ ______ ___ ____ • ________ _____ ____ __ _ U"' IUZI U5'l
.'"
-
,~
Siloer~LLL 00' abI. .. ... ."..... oI<J
on. "'"
tiLL _od _ "'DOIL _
....• n. ,.,•
u ..
,~

lI.m
m
• • --

~ ----------------- - ------ - - - -- - -- --- -- -

'Be ' , N,\ Not • ..ll.... W Withhold .. __ d' ''';;'......_ ...... __ , 0100.; _ b ,J ' 'iD
''Co h . . nocl...! .... nc-. XXN....' ."' " · , ,. .
'Pt .. :1' , .. ' " odllJ"""'.a.;" LLlz ................. b' , bbpn>dll<lloa (illdudiDc.........".....,,....._
"l.- _ 112 ..it.
or ' 7 ' 1noIuoIrlrol....t: ...... iJrd ....... 1o. "C h ' ............ f'c\&t'O:

Table I.-Value olnonluel mineral prodlKtlon in Utah, by roanty'

.., meF5'
.m
' )

• 7ia~.{.'.1:.: IrIII

1m• ~
"'
••
• ••
• ~ m•

"•
••
••
. .~,

~
••
••
•• ••
~"" 681.01'
-------------
":
• v~
•
•
17,5'12 IUI'I •
• •
"'"•• I Z,I~
U O>

14,'11'1 ~u
• ••
U_tro<I' _______ ___ _ _~
" "' - _" ' "

~-- ------------ ~~ "'"

'.m
_ .. " " , aDd ..Juoo
 THE MINERAL INDUSTRY 0,. UTAH 527

Tabl~ 3._lndieaton .. r Utah bwoinea arlI..lt,.

.,..

Po.-lh_.
ToIaIx· j :.."IturaI ......., 0.' . . . . . . . . . . . . . .010. .. .
ToW . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... iIl ....... .
............... . . . -...... -........ .
.~

g.a•• ...'"
19
.
.
~.

n",
..
, +11.2
~~q;

N.-of";":.:a:""
Voluoof"",, · . _ , .', lIiaI ""ito .04'", iz, I ....... __ __
....... ______ nrill ...... .
Vol.. ofSto.. .-......... _ ... . __ .. __ ....... __ ... 010. •• .
SIIi_toofporilaood ond _ -,.,._I .. and wil!W> tbo_
.o . ....
•
><-
m. ~ •
PI.O
~
~, ••
••
N .......... _ f""d ........ ""_

.................................
L.....", obort .......

ToW <nOde ""-'" "".. . . . . . . . . __ •• __ •• _ ••• __ • "'UI ....... .

Vol.. porcapita.,....' · • ;.; ,Ioc!on . . . . . .. ... . . . __ • ____ . . .
VoI.. ~.q~.~
Q
no,
$1l~g:
... ..
..., n'"
·11.2
.u
.u

900

TOTAL

"'0<
<r 600 f-
•
~
~

0 •

"0
.. .. " .
Z
, •••••
'
~ ,,
~
300 f-•••••••• ," COPPER •

"
I I I
O'9=77~-'----"-~'98=0C-- ,ga,
'28 . MINERALS 'YEARBOOK:, 1980
, Silver Mines, Inc., in the San Francieoo
nO'll' under
",:'~~ 1980, aeti".;tieIJ in the
:: 8I.f!pped up ... hen Ken-
announced a 3-year
p,ogtaDl in the East
UndllljiliO",nd npio-
TrWe Fault,
SiOUJ: Ajax Fault,
area&. Acw,ding to
Co. 1980
the northern area of
Mine eD<,.'QUD.\.ered a 120-
foot length of llipif'ICaIlt mlDeralization
with averaae _YB per ton of 16.67 ounc:ee
of aUver, 0.211 ounce of gokl, 8.86% zinc,
2.281' le&d., and 1.97% oopper.
Tht Burgin Mine, lea,ed M1d operated by
Kennecott Copper Corp.. WILlI closed July
1978, and the property a.igned out of
Kenllecott', East Tintic unit beck to the
owner, the Chief Col1lllllidated MinIng Co.
ec.tly mining conditmn. such &I heavy
inflan of hot water, high rock tempera-
tures, and poor ground led to Kennecott'.
decision to drop the property. On June 11,
1980, SullBhim! Mining Co. of Dallu acquir-
ed aD option to , _ 1,887 8C!'IlOI of Chief
Coll8Olidated property •• includini the Burgin
Mine. An exploration program . . . begun
immediately. According to the Chief Con-
80lidated 1980 10K annual report to the
Securities and E:rchange Commi-ioo, three
drill hoi"", encountered significant mineral.
ization between 1,500 and 1,600 feet below
the .urfaee. Further uploration and evalu-
ation of the new area Wt!l'f! unde...... 8Y.
SuD8hine Mining exercised itl option to
lease the Chief Coneolidated propertie&, in-
cluding the Burgin Mine, for 50 years and
the right to renew the Ie II! for an addition-
al 25 yean. Tenna of the 1_ included
an initial $100,000 annual royalty; after
production begina, the royalty would be
$lW,OOO, or 7.5% of net smelter returna,
whichever.".. greater.
Also, stim ulated by the hig"h pno... of
pre<:10Wl metals, other eilploratkm activity
WIIIIlepolted at the Yauk.... Gold and Silver,
Inc., properties in American Fork mining
dilrtrict. Utah County; at the Stansbury
Mining Co.'. Scranton property, ...estern
Tooele County; at the ToJedo Mining Co.
properties about I) mile!! northwest of
Milford, Beaver County; and a. the property
of Tintic Mineral ~rceII, Inc., and Hom
mining district, Beaver County.
ControvelilY surrounded placing the Jor-
danelle Dam, a 1lU\i0l" arm of the Central
Utah Project ocheduled £or construction in
1983, north of Heber, Wasatch County. The
cloee prorimity of the Park . City milling
district. faults in the area, and the poasible
flooding of mine!! in the vicinity were the
immediate concern of the minina: oompa-
nie!! involved, and the center of a year-Iong
debate. The U.s. Water, Power, and Re-
IIOUr<:ell Service (UA Bureau of Reclama-
tion) continued ~phyBical and geologicaJ
IItndiel, including drilling of the P'OI' ed
dam site.
The Park City mining diatrict and the
Cottonwood mining district, particularly,
have become re........tional ........ as mining
companies have IIOld aurf_ rights to their
properties. In October 1980, the Queen
£ather Mining Co. (02% owned by the Park
City Conaolidated Min... Co.) IIOld outright 7
acres; the company allIO entered a develop-
mental agreement to suhctivide an eddition-
al % acrM of Queen Esther property, BUb-
ject to a joint venture agreement with
Hanover Financial, Inc., of Salt Lake City.
LqI.latlon and Go~emment Pro-
rrams.-Tbe 1976 Federal Land Policy and
Manag<!Int!nt Act required that the Bureau
of Land Management (BLM) recommend to
Congress public lands to be deoJignated ....
wilde~ are .... Between October 1978 and
September 1979, the "initial inventory" of
the P10ptlCd arellS ...... accompJiahed, and
certain arfIaB were identified 811 nonwilder-
nell&. From September 1979 to November
1980, an "intelUlive inventory" of the re-
maining areas was conducted. In thia phaae,
lands "'e~ examined for wilderDe8l!l quali-
ties. In the third phase, November 1980 to
(lrct.uber 1991, land! eI!ltltbliahed as Wilder-
 THII: KlNUAL INDOBJ'RY or UTAH
-.
_ Study A..... will be Ito.>dled to deter-
an... the mltabilit,. for wilde. ' ~ ~ m .... lI.,ailable: Prelimin.ary Report
The U.s. BurMU of Mu- lind the US.
GeoloP:aI So.lrvey _"' activeb involved in
,53' iqu.. min..... _I"CW in the pro-
j'" II I areu.
Loruk ; ~agement, Intenaive WlldetnrlF inV1!Il'
BLM Wilde, :: P5 .... iUt
the ~U of Mi-..... inYediptiq in-
cluded Fa:alante Canyon (152.000 _l.
Fiddler Butte (20,000 ..:oM), IlDd PhII'!»"
Death Ho1low (50,000 ..,...>---. toW cl
222,000 acnI in Garft.. ld County; and o.rt
Canyon (72,000 acre&) and Orand Gulch
(11),000 acrw}-a tcQI rA 185,000 ..:AI in
s.n Juan Cwnty.
Conc;urrentb, the U.S. ForeltServiceSee-
ond fIoad5 A...... Roo • ..,. and Evalu'lion
<RARE m Further Plann i.,. A.-- under
.tud,- bj the BurMu rA MinM u.c]ucIed
BI~ (18,220 acrw) in Ut.h COU~ty,
Box·Death Hollow (31,600 aca.) in Garf\ekl
Cooant,., Ste.......,. (1 1,176 aere.) in-r-le
Count,., Nephi (23.980 _ I In JlUlb O;un.
ty, s.ntaquln (12.880 ao:.-.) in both Jub
IlDd Utah Cooan~ and MOWIt NIt>m.i
m,830 _ iDclo.>dina" 20.800 .,... In
Idaho) ~tb in Cache County.
.... AU
Berylllu.... _ln 1980, pn>duetion of beryl-
lium ooncentretell incnu? f ower that althe
p5e.ious,.... 'Ibe chJe(.oui"Oll for dom We
_ eonWninc beoylliwn _ the Br\IIh
Wellman, Inc., P'0jIi05tl lit Spar Mountain,
JUAb County. Bertrandite ore WN minto! by
"'*' pit aad tnKbd. to the company'_
pH ' : inr plant nMI' DooIu, Millard ON,,"
ty. ln J&l\uaoy 1980, BrIIIh completed lOCqui,
Iltlon of The Anaconda Coonpany tin"'"
and. hz _uc-- to it.e poopaHp ,
around Spor Mountain. Curi.,. the Jet!",
Bruah initleted II P'''C'aID to upand 1m,
529
Abo in 1980, th. followine publiUtiolUl
on ldi......aI P "17"Oe Pl:ltential of the v .....
ndllion Cliffe, Parle Cenyon inat&nt Study
A ...... Coconino Co..nty, Arh., and Kane
Count,., Utah, UA GeMC~..1 Surwy Open
"Ie RePll" 80-1066: and BuAIIW ollnd
torJ. Pinel l)ecieion on WUdu:n_ Stud,.
Area, Utah, November 1980, Utah Stete
Ofnce, S.lt LUe City, Uw..
In 1980, Utah joined AriI.one, Colorado,
Idaho, Montlu, Nenoda. South n.t.... e,
and Wyoming in the _ I .... 'Tneeblluah
RebeUioII.." On February 14, 1\180, Go¥emor
&:ott Meth_ qaed inlo law the United
Stetei Land ReeJam.,tion Ac:t wbitb )Ii 0 ........
ed for Se ... _ltOI _ onNift public
lando. H _ r , the bill ,..... the Stete
t.nd &.rd no . uthority for .ctlon on the
2Z million _ rA publk 1-.... admin i.......
ed by the BLM until the matter . . .(tIed in
the oourt.. Forst Sernce lands, nlltiona]
parD 0. rnon\lDHlntl, or military and Indi·
an I . • ~AtioGI W1tnO not afJeeted by the
~. Ccmeem 0Ter clMing "", .... pub-
lic lando to mineral ""ploratlon WN one
impetuafor the bill .
F ...... J IUIWlI"J' I to D« P 'm 31, 1980,
the Bul'OIIlu of Mi,.. awarded a number at
, p ?' roh contracts and ,..... t.1Uld modified
.. !stine contnIcUI ' ot,ti.,. $4,271,80'7 to 2
Uw. uni~niu.. 12 private coonpan;e.,
and. 8 Federal epnciM in the State. The
~ w,ra on tuch I1Ib.)ect. as methAne
ooatrol, mine mach Inery end equipment,
.-.don emanAtion, 5.....65ina" and .1IC)clina"
m,t.eri&b from lIutomobile _lip, roclt InIto
chanica .ppllecl to mlniDg, tal linp nt&hUize..
lion, ...te . ...ppI,. and. pollutiorl proble....
...d line .ulftde ret.ortllljf without pollution..
pooU of be')'l for tren.tment lit It.e Delta
planL The mill_ .... equiPf*!. 10 bendle
CUItOIII or-. Bertrandite ... d impot '«1 ber-
yl ...... PH"' P' d to produce • beryllium
hydroride whl<:b w . . lhipped to the OOIIIpa'
ny'. rriinery lit E1_ .. Ohio, wtao. ... it ....
con¥eJUd to bel)'llium alIoya, beryllium
cWde (beryn iA), IUld metallic beryllium.
The S6Ji million upanaim potC'lIJIl.
darted in 1979 lit the Delte mill and cam-
pleted by yearend 1980, provided a 26*
me.-. in po'" , 551". capaclty. In 1980, the
N'Iclmr RetruJatorJ c.nml ion .... grant-
ed Brush II .ou3"Cll-materialliotNle 10 r .....•
er byproduct urlUllum from bertrandite
530 MINERALS YEARBOOK , 1980

Caut r.-'The _Id'. - larce« opm pit
C:OPP'" mine _ operated by Utah Copper
my. 0( Kennecott Minl!I'll!l! Co., • IUbBidiary
01 Kennecott Corp. (in May 1980 Kennecott
Coppet' Corp. ~ it. name to Kenn.
c:oU Corp.). '[be mine ill 25 mil. Plth..-
01 Stolt Uke CUy; ore ill trantpOrted by rail
16 mil. north to the Bonneville ct'\Uhi"i'
the Arthur and Magna milia, the
ref"UIet')'. Waste dum. . .t the
... IMebed and the ..J.uu....
pnc:ipital.ion plant in lower
1980 Kennecott annual
.~~;;P;'~oduetion
D
from the
from 2OM81 net
net told In 1980;_
t.-ted declined from
1979 to 3] ,r.78,000 net
Intage grade abo dipped
copper in 1m 'to 0.575%
pD"~r Ihove....
In the fall of
for electricaJ mechanical . I
a tempora,.,. and ""rmanent pumping .,...
tem. mo.>l:k hoietillg facilltiel, and approxi-
mately S milM 01 drift. dev.IopmenL When
full produrtioa .. adUeved, the mine could
yield 12,000 toni per dey.
The meintenance PI"OfP"MI et the Utah
Copper Di..:, Binghlun Canyon Mine In·
vol..,. a ",ork. force of 1,185. pearly half ()(
the tataI mine ..... ptu,menL In additioa to
the IeliM end repai r of 900 equipment
unit. in the pit, the department .. ,.ponal·
ble for 82 leach·water dl.Itribu tion Jl\Impe,
80 mile. of pIpeline, ISO !DUel of electrical

ered from
. Principal byproducl'l .ew.-
copper production included
coW: molybdenum ••il........ and ...lfurX: 1IIcid.
Other byproduct. recovered when econom-
.... - .
tran"", · k.- I;"'" end 9S mPeI oe"and.1'II
-,,--" ,
Kennecott reported itl <>pel ...t>on. were
oomplying with ambient air-quaUty fiend·
ical" f.e ..ib\e im:lud..t bismuth, palladium,
platiDUJII., rhenil,lm, Rlenium. and ' teHu-
&r<b! and we,.., implement!!'(
_ waite water ~rp recul.tiona.
"'<4'''''' to

ri= 1be An~' Company, .......idi·,.,. of

n. decreue in copper production ....
attribllted to the copper .trike t.h8t luted
from June 8/1 to September 9, 1980, when
' - I wUon .. tit...
emplOYeei be@:1IlI to return to work ./'ter the
the contnct. T~
ptowj'd for an int ' PI in ....a ollhe
ave,.. copper ..orbr from $10.23 to $1<1.20
per bcrur by the end of the 8-)'Nt eontract
and 'lDeluded Imp' o .'f!d pellIioni and heo.lth
benefit.. ~r 6,000 people w,..employed
by OM Utah Copper Oil',
AIxording to the 1980 Kennecott Corp.
annl.lll "'port. ••'.r.1 PrIlfIT'lM were be-
gun to imPlo"" productivity .nd to dete ..
min. the modemllaUon and development fA
the Utah Copper Di... operation into ~
_t .... t...,.. DIIrinI the)'Mr, .... engineer-
Inc Itvdy .... bei", oonducted to det.ennine
the ftuibility of chanBirc the Billgham
Canyon Mine from open pit to underground
minl.nc; a 4,2IJO.foot ohaft "'U beillg put
AUantic Richfield Co" bl"Olli"ht itl Can-
Fork underground copper opention on·
Itream Au,... 81, 1979, after ~ yean of
development. The mine II in the Binatwn
minirI« dirC.riet. about 2S mil,. eouthwelt of
Salt Lab aty. The produrtioa and • • ,Ioe
IIhaft., cone.ntrator, IUld other ... rface feciJ·
Iti. are In Pille Canyon on the _ fiIUlk of
the Oquirrh Range in Tooell! Coullty. At the
. . . end of the piOperty ate the Can- Fork
M ine on! bodi. IllighUy .... of the Bine-
ha.m Canyon piL
Under full production, A1Iaronda ia
ilCheduled to prodllOli 65.000 abort toni per
)'Nr at copper; huwe.~r, _ral opentloro.al
diff"lCIIltilll pnovented achieving that p i in
1980. While the mine .... operated durill&
the
. ,..,
Itrike, OOOOIlItratei had to be
await Rttiemerot or thl!

dow .. to develop a leparate ~r depomt of

hich-crade """per, cold, end ,il... r ore; IUld
a It""'y of the coooentraton and related
faeilitiel for the Bingham Conyon complex
"'U cmnmented. A rail moderniution pro-
gram __ initiated with the purehue of
IMpr, ""'"' powerful dieeel-electric loco-
mollYli to replace the _ner Iooomoti..,.
powend by overhKd electric cablel. Elim·
inatln( t.oweno for overhead electrifICation reportlld ..-..... ()( 65
"'U .. pected to allow the UMI of Iarp-r of copper ore with an
 THr; W:INEIlAL INDUBTR)!, 0" U'TAH

_"'rage produetlon grade or L8~ copper.

ByproduclJl include 1OId, IIilver, mol,. method and _ oomputer 011 the . urC_ and
undel"KfOl,lnd terminals to mnnhor equip-
nu.m. and """,,,It..
tn""...tiontIII the opel1ltion indude tha
..... 0( the V.rtlcal Crater RettMt minina
....
ment maintenance and other mine acti.vi-

...
It'II _ _ __ __________ ___ _
Im ____ ___________ __ _
, --- -------------------

1m _________________ _
:::",-~
-------- ---~
- - -- --

hble ' __Utah' Mine lII"OIIueUon (_ourUle) of ",Id, .lIver, coppn, lead, lind zinc
in li80, by d ... of ore or otbenoulR material

- ..- . -
~

-- ( loIoI..u- __________ _

C 'i __ ____ :-:-:-:- :-:

- :--
I " .Nt

: - -- -:;--;:;:";
..
w
;'.;:.;.~-;~;':;;:~;.;--'"";.;
w 's:lJl

.;;,;;:;;:~.;:;:::
. ~:;~;.----"-'--~~
, ~,. ,~
-- --

-:~::;::_:;::::::-: ___'~"~..~-~'-;";.~.~"~.,:1~~~-__-""-__'"
:. LIM) .....IOD

'"
.. . ,. .' .._"
,... ____ ___ ____ _________

.-
..., ~
tn. ............. o::oaI_L
..
'''~fO''''
".:rb:d::,
1_

L: '''''''''..-.
~"L

-- '1' 1".1"1&
 MINERALS YURBOOK, 1980
'"
be mined. by open pit methoda. The distrid.
yielded over 1,116,000 OUttoell of gcld and
IUbordi. ... te amo\Inq of .ilver and mel'Cllry
ai ...... It8 OJ'i8lIwtlon in 1870; iwl_l'U, It
g bien more or . . dormant ';lHlO the
'''''.
'ron 0re.-A11 iron DIll mined in the
SCate WM obtained from open pit opel'lltioM
in tbt Iron Sprinp minina" di.triet 12 to 2(J
mila wen of Cedar City in Iron County.
Utah International, lDe......~;.,ry fJi
General Electric Co.. under contract to
cr....1 Steel Corp., di~pped ~te
from the Comstock Mine to the CFA' steel
plant at Pueb\Q, Colo., until s.ptember
1980. United State. Steel Corp. direct-
lbippeol a Mmatite and m - gnetite ~ from
ite Dmn Mound Mine to itasteel plant, the
Geneva WorQ, neAr Orem, Ul.llh Count,..
Shlppilli from the Mo...ntain LIon Mine of
United Statetl Steel .... wapeDded in Fet..
I'\IIOry 11180. Utah Inte ....tional at.. mined
and _ntrated • low" &de macnetite ore
from \he ThomJllOll and IfOIl Springs
Min",.. Shipment ..... made to the Geneva
Woru, Utah', iron ore prodllCtion deeIt. .
ed in . .......'"tand ....h .. durinc the yeu.
In Jorne 1980, Utah lnl.emat>on·1 <=Om-
pleted mining opel1ltions at the Iron
8prinp Mine; the mill abut down on Jllly
25, and the fmal,hlpment of ore under the
Iron Sprinp-Unlted &ala Stetli eontnoct.
. . . . . m . . . . Of! A.,.uat 28. The company had
produced 22 mill ion ebort toni of iron on,
and ,PJlnnimately 9.6 million ton . ....
llhipped to the Geneva W.,..U durinl the
.... 22,....
A pelletiMd iron on derived (rom tlco-
nite ..... aJ.ollhlppec! to !.he Geneva Woru
from United States Steel'. AUantic City
MillO:! Dear Lander, FremolltCounty, WTO.
United Stau. SteeJ, aen- WorD, iI the
State'. third Iargat. employer, norlM.11,.
empJoyina" about 6,000 !*)pIe. About 600
worken _rtI laid off durillll the IUmmer,
and by ,.,.rl,. November, the plant WAi
operating with 4,600 worUri. Princi~
product. iDelude plat-. hooL-rolIed ahMtI
and coiJa, IU\It"tw"al wpM. welded .teel
pipe, pia Iron, meta1lu..,w.1 oob, blaat
furnac:e and open hearth .1., producta, and
ooaI c:herni.c:aI.o and lIib opn produlU eo..
fertilizer and industriaJlII8.
After nc,otia~ J.qti". Oft]" I ,.....,
United SUtei Steel and the U.s. Environ-
mental Protection A&eney qreed on ai,..
and water-pollution mntroll. The final
.,.eeme1l1, ..:hinecI on OettIber 16, li8<l,
rtIQIlited Ullited Statel Steel to inItall an
air-pol.lution -.trol. ~m that woWd QDIII.
an estimated $78 million and water-pol-
lution mntroL. that would cc.t a pprorl-
mately IHi~ million. The com~ reported
that operati". t.he ..... £ao:ilitioea: wuWd OOM
an eatimated 117 million annualb'. The
D let Nawa, NO+ember 4, 1980, reporta:!
the agreement could C"IIt particulatee (dm
pollution) hom 17,000 I.(mjI per year (1977
leYeI) to 3,000 ton. per year by December 31,
1982. With the t..t a ..ailable t.ec:hnolo&:f,
wate .... pollution -.trob would be in plaol
by July 1\184. Enp>eerill( on the mntroi
.)'IteO"lll ...... deai(ned during 1980, and
oon.truI;tioQ we. to bEcin by MarclIl98l.
To control air emf" ~,,.., a fi..-ory,
raur-blodr-lon( enclolul"'ll ... to "- eon-
Itrocted ovet" the coIdll, ade of the .tael
plant'. roul'OVftll cob batterieoo; a ninth
elect.mltatic pl"'IICipitator ICrobber . . . to be
"'Md; emiMion' t1"Oill t.he bIut fumaoI
operatiorw wooki be direc:ud to
the ....
~; and dUll' control unit.. were to be
added thro\Ia:hout the piant. Wallie water
Into U
,~ ;....
;
;;;.l~.;.~.~••
;;;... ueed
to be purl·
In the
Geneva Earlier year the
county '-ued m million in bonds lor the
lteel oompan,..
During the yMr, civic 1fI"OU~ rallied 1lUJ)-
 THII: WINII:ILU. INDUSTRY
port fOf' keepilll' !.he 8lee1 plant open; Unit-
ed SUta Steel had p..-wd foreicn lteel
Import. and Ita,ed tha~ compliuoe with
ICriet pollution requiremenq mleht force
cla.ure of the Geneva Worlu.
In July 1980, NueorCorp .• a Nortl1 Caroli-
na coo po •• tion., began COMIructina' • build-
illl' to bou.e • new _ I produda plant-
LocIoted In Box Elder Count, 1 mil. ...-th-
. . . of PI)'IIlOUth IUld 9 mil. IOUth 01 the
Utah-Id.ho lltate liM. the new mln.ee1
mill will 11M recycled.-1, InclLocI ;nl"to-
mobila bod;ez The S90 million plant .....
IChedulad to produce 400,000 ton. per J6'lI'
of -.el produebl, includilli trlnding bLlla.
merchant ban, reinforcing ben, a nd IIIMto-
tural .teel. Although tha produda '/I'ere
priced hl(ber per tort than thole 01 the
company'. -Item milia. tha differential in
. .I prict!oo .... expected 10 be made ItP in
lower freichlcbarga
Lted..-()n August 28, 1980, Noranda
Mini", Co. commenced lhippinl a leeckinc-
.ilyer ore from the Ontario MIne In the
Park City mining district, Summit County,
to the .mellet" at Bunker Hill, Idaho. 0.-
had been stockpiled eMI. the yor. No other
I"", production in the StI"- .... rePQrted.
The 1_ .~nge unit of lead, 10.4246 per
pou.nd, .... IlOt eondU<:i .... to ~ the
me.,1. Owing the )'Mr. the price 0( IMII
""",hed • hl«h of 10.5348 011 January 4 and
MIPeeluM.-NL
.lowol'SO.34
" ........
OIIJu1y~':" ':;;'i~~
AMAX 1980 annual
repmt, one of the larprt
acti... In the world..
Coverina over --. -rv eollicted
by the I)'tt.m prorideI fDOI"II than 9K> of
the enl!t1)' uIIIIiI In m'p"dum ••CU).
The KqUiJition mp AMAX the .! »OJ
larsMt. m-I'" ;um producer In the UIited
Stlta; Dow Chemical Co .. .,.jth an annual
produd.ion eapacity 01 110.000 to 1211,000
tona, Ia the f1tst. NL Industriei lOld about
20.000 toni of chlorine per }'NT and IIIEJd
or UTAH
36,000 UII'W In lUi o..:n ptoc FFI
'"
The Ra .. tey
lIUIKlleslum pt()(F5', includinl' IOl., ..... po-
n.tiOll, feed prepen.tion. and production
and handlinr of the metal, wa-e dllCribed
in a Utah Geolotrical and Mineral Survey
publication.'
Molybdenu",.-Utah Copper Diy. contin-
ued 10 IhIp lDOI,rbdenum concentrate. re-
eo~e:ed .. a byproduct ofita copper prodllO-
tioft. As • rewlt of the coppel _rike, output
oI'moIybdenumeoncentrate d&::t 'I'~-.r­
ly 21" In amount _d about 33" in val ....
After Co!ore;do and Arlzone, Utah .,....
ranked third In mo~num production.
Pine Grove AMOCiatea. a joint ""ntu"' of
Getty Oil Co. IUId Phelpol DocI.p Corp.,
eontinu.,;! explnrina' in the Pina Of'OV<l min_
ing dWtriet, I0Il0... _ of MilItwd, Bee.....r
Count,. Surfac:e drillinl in tba porJlhyry_
type molybdenum depcait .".. _plated in
1980. (}eny, opeiltor of the project, ....
drillina" pilot hoi .. fOl' t_1bafta that wou ld
permit UMe ••• o",nd trOrk to furtha, delin-
eate the ,.;. of ~ minereliMd body. By
yearend, about $14.5 million had been u-
pended on the p'vpe:tt,)'. Dul'inj: the )'ffr,
engineerinl hydrologic atudi.., preliminary
engineerin( illvestiptious, and financiel
evahll.tinN _ .. beilllJ coordinated to de-
tennm. the IICOIIOIIIic feasibility of the proj-
ect. 'nt.e oompmi.,. eontroJ 36,.IiOO _ ill
the vicinity of the depolit, and under the
term. oItba 1(I'MIDII11, Getty .... to Ipend
146 mill>on (1Idju.ted fo, infIatioll) on the
project .,.jthln 10 ,..,.. ... end;nl In 1988. In
19'77, driUina: indicated molybdenum and
tU"<l'ten m illlraiization between 4,000 IUId
6,000. feet deep. Getty Ita. the rij;ht to
acquire 52" inte ....t on the property by
.~inl 146 million 011 upIontion and
deve10pment ...,..k.
s..lnlu ___Utah Copper Diy. continued
produdnr .leni\llll howe-red . . . byjAfJ6.
_~;f:'_~~i.rmina' eoPF"
In liSO .... Se1anium
__ that
_ than 01 the
beaowoe of reduced tJuourh-
ooppoi • •
--
J .....,
'" '''' ~'::'~
'34 MINK·AlS YEADIOOK, 1980
er, bec:aUlll! of !.he
value of production
.flO..... daily priolo
$11.(19 per troy ounce
I.n;Iy OIlDCe in 1980.
NOland. Minin& Co., • Mlt-Idj'''' of
Noranda Mi.... Ltd., operated the Ontario
Mine in the Park City minin, dloftrict.
Summ it County. AccordinB to the NotandII
1980 aJlnual "'port, the C>OmpanJ' OOI1tinued
to rehabilitate the old worlcinp of the
J,~ ~;';' ;I,rm..:bOllt the y~.r, h(lWwt'l,
work .... delayed by poor &rOUnd «mdi.
tlona, ... ter problema, and Jack or uperi.
0_- ' ...me.... NonetheJe., beginllilll with
• limited prodw:tion 01230 ton. per ..., in
1980,. total co( 3'7.7(1() tons 0( 0.. .VfI~
3.19 "''n';l L ~ . .lve. , :s.s::% :-L omd $.S77.
linc _ treated at the mili and the concen·
t rate. "",no ,hi pped.. AIeo, an additiona1
8.600 taM ofpurch"n1 orea wu milled on.
'"-"
..-.... ~ .
II
Raucbe .. E:o:pkJndOll and DeTelopmeot
Corp. o:Jntinueci clevelopinc ita Fc.,! nnte
iii"".aiDe 8 mu' DOrt.h of Enterpl ' , I .....
8 mil8lfMt of Beryl J unetion, Iron County.
Aoeording to th.c:ompany annual report for
the yur endini Jllne SO, 1980, CXIn1tr\1ellOll.
of the und.". ,wnd mine commented ill
Septe",be. 1979, and about 3,000 feet 0(
drift ad decline Mel been completed by
Sept...... 1980. Durinc the ,...... R.alw:berII
~ 'eetecl the Vertical Crater R&-
treat mininc method ptOj-.&: ~ for the oper-
.!lon. A. minlna ptoclBdo bel..... tbt ",ater
table, 25,000 to 41),000 gallOlil of _tar per
minute m~ have to be PIImpec\: Initial
production .... to come from above the
...ter ~Je. A mine Jo;wBwillJ tat ...
. . , c:o.duc:t.:l. Oret in the E ,l,nlt ~
it ..... in • ",in ~ponedly hP' 77 t for .t
1 _ 3,GOO r..... ThII near ourf"_ _ hod.
lIOfte I"IID&f!' in i!'de from " to 8 OUncel of
lilver per ton. It .ppear. the enriched zone
lie. m..uy below t he •• ter table.
M d September 1980. •pprOltim.taly
20,000 tor-. of on "-" been """kpiled. on the
aurfaoe and eMtber 1,500 toIIa broken un-
derpouod. At full production, the F..e..
I.... te Mine . .. upeeted to produoe 1..5
million ounoel of iiI"". per re-f for 10 to 12
~ Baled on thl preooent mini plln,
Rancher. "'pOrted. ( """"..ml, IE 2LrvtIII
wert! an eatimated 1.64 milUon Ulna of ""'
containing over 10 OIIneei of lilv.f per ton.
eon.tnu:tion of the 600-t0n.per-day mill
.... bosun In Sepce "M 1980, aDd comp1.
Uon ... lCheduJed. for Noftmber 1981. ThII
pIut ... ~ to tnJat tbe Ci""hed and
,rom", ON by leachiq with todlum cyanide
to recover lilve. bullion D'r Iilver precipi.
late. Coet to bring the property Into prodllC-
tieln .glUl eatlmated $25 million, includinj:
$13 million (or the mill and other r.,mtiea,
'fIInptert._Tunpten pn.xI~.... ion. coow..
ued to cledilM in Utah. 'I1>e 101, producer,
the Aln .. \t'ilbn E::r:plontioft Corp.., mined
1Cbee1.it. and lhippecltu .... i , n CODCIntrate.
from the Fract\lre Lode neat Gold Hill in
Tooele County. Other produe.NI that were
"ill....
..c,.;,."" ;" 1I,, 9 .;... Imdlj flm?lint of
el<plonotlon wo .... or were KIM durina: 1980.
Valladlum.-V.nadium . . . I I'" .eal
from uraniIUll'VtIn..t'um _ mined in
Erne...,., Garfield, G....d, and San Juan
Counti& Shipment. from th_ areu were
;r.d~ to the Vn!:m Carbid, Corp. mi.lb ..:
Rifl~ and Uravan, Colo.; AtlaD Corp. Ml.r
Moeb, Grand County, Utah; Of Ene'lD' Fu·
et. Nucl••, Inc., at Blandlnf, San Juan
Connty, Utah. Vanadium p roduetioll declill-
al durlnc 1980 bra... of _kened ~
mand ,.wti!la: priDcipall)' from lower eo.
trnty In the .....1ind...uy.
Union Carbide cut bIIclr. uranium and
vanadium operatioM in .outlMutem Utah
and lOUth_litem Colorado late in the
, in ....IIOUneec! all
Addit.... ·1 0... from other uranium.
vanadiu m producers wertI a1IO treated.. En·
e l'l)' f'UeJ. NudetU' completed eonmuetion
of ibl $SO million ore-buyinc ltation and
2,QOO.ton·peMIay conoent.rator on White
M- . 6 mil. muth of Blandin(, San J uan
County. PIiICEuin( b Egan in MI.J' 1980, with
Enel'l)' Fuet. proper-tie. IUpplyi!la: much of
the ..... Cullom 0 .... l..,w ..~r, were a1IO
obtained rrom other min. on the Colorado
PLo...,
The State continued with I. FoIOfuun to
clean up old u fl.llium tailinp. Duri... the
 THE MINI!:RAL INDUSTRY OF UTAH ,,,
year. II timetable was announced for rem0v- Oil8(Jnite w.. used by the oil drilling.
ing tailings from the Vitro Chemical Co. fol,lndry. building board, and uplOBives in·
uranium-vanadium plant in Salt Lake dWltriel; by the automotive. ink. paint, and
County. The facility was closed down July 7. varnish indugriea; and ... II IIIUI'Ce of ra..
1965. because of the dept oed vanadiUIJI material in producing nuclear-grade i!1lph-
-""-
Zlne.-Low %inc price!! l1!IIU!ted in little
ite. Midas Gilaonite W8I!I organized in 1980
to mine a.ma11 gilaonite vein near Ouray,
Une production in the State. The N<:mUIda
Mining Co.. the only producer, shipped •
silver-1ead-roinc ore from the Ontario Mine
in tha Park City mining district. Zinc prices
in 1980 averaged $0.8748 per pound. with II
high of $0.4114 per pound and a low of
$0.855 per pound.
Zlre ...nhun._Western Zirconium. Inc. ...
subsidiary of Westinghouse Electric Corp,
produced it.. first zirconium injrotII . . The
plant. however. WIUI IItilI in it.. quali(yina:
otage becauae the product. which ill UAed in
the nuclear industry. wall beiog tested for
purity and uniformity. The zirconium ....
to be forged. into pllltes and pipet! and the .. ~
shipped to fabricators to be p":': . . . ::1 into
fmiahed producta for industrial WII!. or ''''''
Inc., quarried limestone
Located in the Southern Pacific Industri-
al Park, 12' miI.. lOuth· -o/ Ogden. Weber
County. the ""mpany obtained it.. ra .. mate--
cement -... "'" "'""""
ita Devil'. Slide operation in
Morgan County. The e",pansion and mod-
rial. zircon. from Au.tralill .. here it is ernization project announoed in.l!rl9 for the
rer:ovend trom beach sands III! a coprodud Devil'. Slide plant W8I still awaiting envi_
of ilmenite and rutile produetion. ronmental and construction permita. Con_
At full capacity'. the plant ill e", ....
,.,"'" " IJtructed in 1946. the pI .. t plant has a
produce 8 to 4 million pounds of zirconium capacity of 360,000 tol\8 per year. In 19'111.
per year and to employ 430 people. 10 the Portland Cement Co. of Utah was ac-
the fmlt quarter of 1980. the company quired by Lone Star Industries, Inc. Durina:
announced. plans tor a $3 to $-5 milliOD 1980, the annpen)"s newly added 11- by 300-
e"'p'lnllion of ita ·$50 million plant to permit foot wet kiln _nt onatream in Salt Lake
recovering hafnium III! II byproduet of the County. An article del.tibing t he Portland
zirconium p"x!" Hafnium ill aIeo woed in Cement Co. operation appeared In the
nuclear application&.
.......... ~

Native bpbaJl lind Other Bltumenl.-

literature.' •
In 1980. production of cement declined
ali,gbtly in amount and value. Principal
OOI"IIWDe1"8 0( portJand cement during the
Utah .... the only produ<:e!" of gilacm.ite, lID year included ready_mil< ""n-
aephaltite or 80Iidlfied hydrocarbon tound crete manufacturera, ma-
only In Utah and Colo. One of the purest of
the natural bitumenll (99.9%). gilonnite_
produced by the Ameriean Ol1aonite Co. at
Bon....o. Uintah County. Jointly owned by
Barber Oil Corp. and Standard· 011 of Cali-
rami&, American Gilaonite .oj>eFated the
$5.8 million coneo1id·tecl ",ocr iog facility
that .... annpleted late in 1979. Four wide-
ly ..panted r.ctliti_ in eaStern Utah were "0 •
<XIIWOIldated with the ()O)II8truction of this On 150 IICJ'eI. Other raw
plant, ..hich baa five Concrete silOPl with a
combined 8Io!"llge c.pacity of 6,800 ton. of
material to meet the demand .. hen prod...,.
tion i8 low. Pfoduction c.pacity ill up to
site, and
required to
ava ilahle in
... """
are aJ.D on the

15-1.000 tons per year o(produet.' upectl the

,,. MINERALS YEARBOOK, 1980
fouMtage preaolclner 8jrBtem, to 1.19& 4590
less coal and electricity than Wet-PIOC -77
plante. To be COIIlpleted in late 1981, the
plant will employ approximately 100 per-
manent full-time workers; the headquarters
in the Salt Lake area will employ about 20
people. A planned dilltribution terminal will
aI80be IOMtwi in Salt Lake Valley.
Clay and Shale.--Clay and .ttale produc-
tion m.:rea.ed in amount and value during
the year. OXTlInon clay and shale were
mined by Utelite Corp. in Summit County
for UBe , in 00I>CTete block and muctural
c:onaete; and by lnterpace Cm,I. at its
mines in Utah and Weber Countiel for WIe
in lllllking faoe hrieL interltate Brick
Corp., II division of Entrada Indu.tries, ...
,ubeidiary of Mount.rn Fuel Supply Co ..
alao mined clay and lIhaIe for common brick
at ita Cottonwood Mine in Salt Lake Coun-
ty, Henefer Mine in Summit County, FiVi!
Mil. Mine in Tooele County, and Jim 0..,
Mine in Utah County.
Redmond Clay and Salt Co. mined ben-
tonite in Sanpete County for \I8e in animal
feed and in waterprooflllB and .,.-lina:;
Weetem Clay Co. pru:luced bentonite at ita
Redmond Mine in Sevier Co\J.nty for \I8e in
fertilize .... western Clay produced fuller',
earth at ita Aurora Mine in Sevier County
lor uee in cata1ytie "ii-refining, and in
pesticide!l and related products. R. D. Wad_
ley Clay Co. mined fire clay at the Wadley
Mine in Utah County.
Gem Ston........ Mineral ~imena and
stone material were collected ama-
Graphite (SyntbeUe).-Production of
.ynlhetiC graphite in Utah incr"B' w' in
amount and value in 1980; Hercule., Inc.,
W1UI the only producer in the State. Expan·
sion of it. ''Magnamitt!'' graphitt! fiber-
production facilities at BaoxhWl, Salt Lake
CoWlty, was completed in March 1980. The
company had two other projects in plogI ,
during 1980: A developmental plant at
Clearfield, Davis County, to demonstrate to
the automotive industry a high...peed
filament-winding technique for manufac-
turing graphite-fiber reinforced tubi"ll" for
dri..... ahafb:; and the construction of a $1.5
million plant for npandi"ll" pre-peg faciU-
ties. J're.peg is a graphite fibft in tape form
impregnated with epm<y or poJye.ter ..m.
Ateo produced ..t the Baoxhlll facilitiell were
impregnated unidirectional tapl:!ll, broad-
good., fabriCll, and fIl,e .. Bized with n.ine
for the aerc.pa.ce, industrial, and laieure
markats.' The company empJ~ over 2,600
people in Utah.
GypllulIl._At installations near Sigurd,
Sevier County, Ge.n.ia-Parifie Corp. and.
United State!! GYP'''m Corp. minw' and.
calciuw' aypsum for 11M in manulacturina
wailbQard and piMter. Production of IYP"
sum declinw' in amount in 1980 boca_ of
the dep. d ~on induatty; howe.-
er, value of lYPIum ina FUd. Other com-
pani.. with IIYJI8Um operatioJUo in the State
included Coz EnterprieN, Inc., in Sanpete
County; White Mwntain Gypwm Co. in
Millard County; and Thomu J . PecII: '"
Sons, Inc., inJuabCounty.
Lime._Utah Marblehead Lime Co., ..
diYillion of General Ilynamk":ol; The Flint-
"ote Co., .. divisiOn of Genatar, Ltd., of
Toronto: Utah Copper Div.; and Continental
IJme Co., a IlUbeidiary of &eel BI"O»., Ltd., of
Britiah Columbia, Canada, and Steel B......,
Ltd., of Sancb Plaoe, England, produced
lime in Utah. Utah Marblehead. and
Flintkot.e have planta in Tooele County,
Kennecott in Salt l.ake County, and Conti-
nental Lime in Millard County.
During the year, Utah Marblehead ume
obtained dolomitic Ii- tone from the
T....·ide MountaiWl on the weetern more of
Great Salt Lake. 'The company e:lpanded ita
plant at Marblehead, Utah (north of Delle),
to 700 tomI per day by addina .. lo. by soo.
foot kiln. The lime is uaed for refractory
needs of steel mil .. in Utah, California,
.....
W... hington, and BritiBh Columbia, Can-
Beeull in June 1979, c:on.tructiIIlI of the
Continelltal Lime plant was completed. by
midyear. The plant iA 6 mile. from it.
Cricket Moulltain limestone mine in Mil-
lard County. Mining oompanie. _lime in
uranium· and ooppe .....ploc ,.ing plaDbI;
power oompani.. WIe the product for anti-
pollutlon ecrubbe ... The company employed
about 25 wor"en at ita Cricket Mountain
operatio ....
M .......ium Compounoto.-Procluction of
magnesium compoullcb increased in
amount and value during the year. Great
Salt Lake Minerail '" Chemicals Corp., a
diviaioll of Gulf Reeourcee '" Chemical
Co."., recovered byproduct magnesium
chloride brine from ita potash operatio....
 THE MINERAL INDU!n'RY Oli' UTAH

The plant ia on the Bear River Bay on the Te:raegulf. Inc., Great Solt Lake Minerall!
'"
_ IIhore of Great Salt Lake _ and Cbemicab Corp., and Kaiaer A1umi·
north_t of Ogden. Weber County.' Ai>- num &: Chemical Corp. Although produc-
cording to the COIllpany, the magn"!lium tion ~ and the va.lue r-.- suboJtan·
brine ill .-I. in pm ing BUgar beet& and ti.ally, salea dipped becauae of poor spring
811 an antifleeze reagent. A road-duet aUI>- planting conditions and high interert rates.
preoJSion product ill .u.,., manu£actured fmm Located at Cane Creek roear Moab, Orand
a magnesium chloride derivative. CoUllty, the Texasgulf, Inc., operation ll8N
Perllte.-Mountain Maid, Inc., continued 8OIution mining, IIOW evaporation, and flo-
to ,hlp CTUde perlite from ita mine IH!Ilr tation to recover the muriate of potaah from
Fillmore in Millard County. Pax Co. proc- brine&. Accord~ to the Te:raegul£ 1980
_~,~~ expanded perlite at Solt Lake City, annual report. , .... of K.O are !J' imato-
and Georgia-Pacir>c Corp. did 10 at Sigurd in ad at 15.5 million tons averagillg 16'11> K.O,
Sevier County. Perlite llhipment.t, however, 01' which 5IJ<j\. may be recoverable. Bypr0d-
derilinecl in both amount and value in 1980. uct aa1t .... ahlpped durillg the yeu.
The principal uaea for the expended product Kaiser Aluminum &: Chemical Corp. I"&-
were .. a plaater &gg' ..... te in the eon.otruc- ~ muriate of potalih from brinea at its
tinn induaby, 811 a horticultural aggregate, operation about S miles aut of Wendover,
and .. an insulation material. Tooele County. 'The brines in the aa1t crust
PhOilphate..-Staulfer Chemlail. Co. COD· and ullderlylng sedimeIIt of the Booneville
tinued .. the only producer ofp/wolphate in . Selt Fiata are collected in ditcbee, pwilped
the State. Pbooipbate rod< .... mined and through a lleries of .ruar evaporation pond&,
concentrated by flotation at the company and then proc ed through a froth flota·
operationa, about 12 milft1 north of VernaJ, tion mill to oeparate the halite and ' yl-tte
Uintah County. These deposit.t, on the (potaah concentrate). Commercial product.
IOUthem flank of the Uinta MountaiN!, were standard IlIKI 008riie muriate and mao
OC/,:Uf" in the Mrde Peak Member of lIle nUre salts (a muriate of potaaium and
Phcepboria Formation of Penuian age. In lIOdium). "
1966, reeerveoJ we....... ported to be about Great Solt Lake Mineralll a: Chemicall
100,000 million tona of rock, with an aver·
0121%P.o•. '· Co," sulfate of potuh and
to the Stauffer Co. ond

CODjunction the purchaae of or potuh from

with byproduct sulfur its iiOUth.....t other ..,.,..",... Beaouee the operat.iorul de-
Wyom~ natural p i production. Sulfuric pend on 80w evaporatioll. ....ther ill a
acid had beell purchaled from Kennecott
Co?p. fOT uae in the Garf"!ekI plant..
In 1980, the Vernal operatioouo employed
.....
fector in the ...."
""-
ful I"1I!IOXW8r)' of the

Pumice and Voicaroic Cindu._FilIIllOft

about 85 people, and the Garfield plant Producte, IDe., 8Old pi.... ed voJ ...,"ic cin-
employed app,wimately 110. der from its Red Dome ope.atkm west of
Potuh.-Three COIllpanlea continued to Fillmore i,n Millard County. M..t. of the
produce potuaium salta in the State: volcanic cinder _ ueed .. lanr,!w.ping
,.. MINEJtALS YV.RBOOK, 1980

Cftte iC&1 ...le ProdueUon iDe. 7" r j
lmOIlnt and value.
In M.n:h, Pc Dian Portland Cement Co••
• Iulllidiary of Friar Oil Co., propo»ed •
strip mining operation on • 400 aclfl lite
nell. South Jordan in SIlt LU:e Count)'.
n.. comPIID)' planDed COMtruct.ina" • mill to
p:t'< the pnmjcite for p NU , p", .. J ' n
ill .. .dditi.,. u...t to replacl • certain
' _ n t of porilaDd ceDMDt in eoocnte
...' .... te.
SalL-ProdJJOel"l of ",Iar Alt in 1980
lm.Iuded Morton SIlt Co., • diviaion of
MoIIOt1-Norwricb, Inc .. in 8.1t Lak.e CJvnty;
Great s.it Lab Miner&. .. Cbemicabl
CorJo. in Weber County, American 8&lt Co.
and lM.epoint s..lt Co. in Tooele County;
LabCry.taJ Salt Co. in 80s. Elder Connty;
and Tuaogulf, Ine., In GraM. OMmty.
Rec!·"",1d Cay" Salt Co. Ia Sevier (\:Iomt)',
and Albert ~ Selt Co. in Sanpete
CouDty produeed bulk roc:k..tL Moeb BriDe
Co. ill Gnmd CoUllt:r and Albert PouI8oa
Salt 1180 recovered a MIt brine. Salt produo-
tlon dec .. ased in amount and inc. , liEd in
value of output.
Tbt history and tec:hnolO8)' of salt pro-
duction (rom the OrMl Salt I_Ire weJ'8
dweribed."
in Salt dome. and other fOl'lNltionl in the
State oontinue under in~tion .. poui-
bl. liteol for diIIpClMJ of hlih-level radlooc-
tive .... te .
SalHl and Gra.ri. Send and ITl vel WI\II
mined by 56 prod\lOOl'll from 6'7 titall in the
Stata u.ted in ordu, the eountiel "' ;ng
the IIIoC*t Mnd and gr."" were Salt 14M,
Dn" Utah, Otche, and W_tcll. Ma-
P prod_ of conat/'\Ietlo!I ...... wert!
MONROO. Inec.. Utah Soond and 0 ......1Di....
with four depoaibl in Salt u,lte Cou.rlt:r.
Oibbon& and Reed Co. wlth optlIation. in
Da.... Salt Lake, and Weber Countl.; Con-
~l$ Productll Co. with two operationa In
Salt T.h County; Savace Rock Produc:t8
with ~ration. in Davill and Box Elder
Countiea; and LeGrand John_ Conatn>c-
Uorr. Co. with oplIiaUonl In Cache County.
Tbirtean county.highway alepwt.meng abo
aniMo! 0(IInItrUeti0n and in the &.ala. In-
duttrial aDd "'.. prodlXllld by the Salt t.ke
Valley Sand .. GraYeI Co. rrom a de""';t in
Utah County.
Th' 1980 producticm of I&Ild and gravel
decnued in amount and vallia from that of
19'7&.

,...
Table 1.-Utall: CoMtnacUoa land ..... ,",vtl told or UH4, by -.Joor UN p ' "ory

,- ...
,,"=''<3'
,-
,m

-- -..... . . --,
••• C
~Clll)-

•• ..'" • "l:
,...
at ,.
'"
,~
1,," ~

..'••"
- "'"

Table 8--Utah: CoMlnIdion' aand ..... " .•• I 80ld or \I," by produ«..

==
~ ---------------.- ....... --
0 ....1
1'0&01 ......... nn.nhnnnn

' A .,..r' _nlof l-....J _ _ ,. ' . Jia !rlhnoJ UIM.

1JWa .. _ooId .. " " " , _ · .m ol'h' : I . ....· t · • •
 THE WlNQAL lNDUtrrR.y 0 .. l11'AH

Sodhi. SuK.u.-Great Stlt ~ Mae ••
at. • Chern" '. Corp. l6W .... red ma&n&-
,p ... m chloride, potash, ..It, and IOdiu.m
1... lfata from t.ru. brin.,. of the Great Salt
Lalte It Ita op8n.tions neu Oeden. In U80,
output or the product declined in amotlnt
and vallie from that 0I197~. Only CaliCo ....
nIa, T..... and Utah pmdo.>oe natilrallOdi-
...m IIIlf.te.
Ston~.-n.e decli .... in the ODII8tructioa
indliltry led to the dew 'S' in the amonnt
01 eruahed and ~ Itone prod...ed.
Fourtean companies obtained .tone at 41
quam. in 17 oaunt>e.. Me,Ior produceno
Incl ... dec! United StatN &eel Corp.; 10eal
Rule Ind ... trieo, Inc.; LonIlStar Indliltries,
Jne.; So ... th PacifIC RallrtJad Co.; Utah Mar-
blehNod I..lme Co.; I J l and JohDICNI Con-
murtion Co.; Cont-me Productl Corp.; and
'"
the Flintlr.ote Co. enw...:! .....,. _ UMd
principally for cement manufacture, n ....
riprap jetty, dead-bumed dolomita, ~u l·
turat Um.tone, and lime mM ... fact ... re. The
U.s. FOreR Service obtained cruabad. trap-
rocl<, ...m.tone, limestone, and granite in
13 oounti. for __ ... an -ai' +ta and for
ripnp. 1'ha '-lin&" oaunu. producing
auahed atone ...,I"t!
Utah, Tooele, Morpn,
Bmr RIde. , and St.lt 1.1te
Dimen&Ion .. ""-....O'H! ..... quarried by
Stu &.one Co., llK., by the Cleo and Reggie
Teeull, operation in Bmr Elder Coun ty; and
by W. A. HanMD Stone Quarry, Inc., in
Summit County. Utah Calcium Co., Inc.,
quarried d imension limeetone in ~le
County.

Tab~ '~UtNl: Cnlahell .....' ..hI or IIIietI ~ prvch' r ' .. by . .

m 01 _ _ ,"", " d I ".'"11

0"

-,
•,.• "on
-;

W';
n.
-- ".
-- .
lI.m
"'*
"

V_kuIite._No cnxIe _iculite .....

pn:Iduoed in 1980, ...,....-ea, Vermiculiteln-
l.ermount&in. llK., produoed uroliated ......
mkuUte (rom out.ol·'3t.te .... rca The con-
a.ruction aDd agriculture ind....c' ·,F .......
0.. ..,.jvr \Ian vi" uroliated ..... rmiculite. In
conet.nIction, the uroliated .....nnlcuUta ....
UMd for insulation, ClI"t'prooflna:, lilbt-
wei&ht con~ "8i' +te, and c:onereUo
and pluta. aaa .....ate. In ecriaIltura • .ro-
liated vermiculite ..... IIMiI for .oil om.!i-
 MUf&JI.AUI YEARBOOK , 1980

"ma"· c, p, _P",~ 51 ti P I r - ....

_ " Iloo ' , . iDO IiIoIt no- Iii 0.- IIoIt ~
1Jtroh,C 5
a' ' oM MI oI",,;a..tI, U,J_ I • •
~-.

I'Ioool h " , ._ •• _ + __ • __ s.L, LaU,

,
~-
. . . . W"" m n, '"'"
I7 W. . _ _ 0,... JIlt __ """ ....... _•• _

--
h' h

_W.~. UT"lI'

.. ,.
M 2 o IIT _
n • .",.... _ QIo, ,Ioo .... ....,." h . h h

I=i ... _0." . <1101:

_ L.oIooo.;, IITIOIJI
a.-pII _ _ ....... ___ _
a.- pII""_ ____ __ ___ _
-.
--t'l-
Ph.......

-.
..... .,,!lnv.do 1 I •

o • WO'J' " _
I ....
hoI&'".."
l,J...... Co<i> ____ h.h. ~~
c.IriJIo, UTIOO17
_,I.
_ L.oIooo.;" UT " 1fT
a.-"'
' 00:'
.... _ '-"'....
j .
_lAb.

ItPD I, _ f t
,..,UTNff4

~ IIT II465'I __ _ + __ •

Sipr<l.t1T84&7
Opoo p I I _." ,. ----,
lJINl" ..r I' bo< h . a.- ... ___ .... '"
U 5.. ' - . .... iOI£L h "._,

... .,
Go-
... .
, 'Bo U T _ ' h '
0,..."'_ . . . . . . .... -.
" , M ,,, _____ , .. ,,, Do,
~\o, UTNff j

~ ",-. -- .",- +."

'II' I* fWI
~
...,-,,_......., -
,, TH B JoIINBIlAL INDUSTRY OJ' UTAH

• ~ IO.-Princlpal prodllftn-Continlleli
'"
•
• ~ . --------- - ---- -
,,•
T h.
•

,, .'
_ .. , ' - ......... n

___ .... ________ ___ ___

T I, .
s.t\LeI<e.

Pi ............ '- ____ ____ _ _

i• ,
, _ .. .. . _ .. . t _ _ _____ _

_ ... . c.-.. __ _
--_ . . . .. ------------

,
· ---
--
Sooo".
, '''. 11T1lt1l~

$ CANHIJ
c..Ior ClC,1. lIT..,..
(I..
...I' ____
--_ -------------
uu _ _ nn_

-,~

,
• I:ftotv,...... ,.._. In< _ -~- O"'~_ ..... odll __

,,
lllo "'r.-O!<p. ___ ___ _
U t 'iL ·... _unn_
Un ' Ii " c! ..lnuDd pIao. _

,, ,
••·
,
i
,,
,
•

,•

,
•
••

•
The Mineral Industry of Utah
Thil chapter h.. bHn prepared u", • Me ........... um 01 Un .........i .... the 1Iet,,_
BII~.II of Min,"", U.s. ne.,.rtmenl of the Interior. aM the Utah ~cal"'" Mineral
SUITe)'. fot colkdJ"r Info ..... Uon on all nonfuel ml""ralL

By Lorraine B. DurKin'

ThH":~~iof~Md~ .. ruel mineral produetlon Importallt eommoo:\ity, aa:ounted (or nearly

'; a reeord $783 million in t...:Hh.irda of the value of meW reeovered
O\'er the $763.6 mil· and more than one-half 01 the total vall>\! of
o The State'. le·d;~ nonl....1 mineral product.loo. Utah Copper
continued to be copper, gold. Diy. of Kerwecott Minerals Co. was the

molybdenum. potash, portland cement, iii·
vet ,and ... l\..
Metal production comptieed more than
tru--rourtha of the total value of Utah'.
none...,] mineral output; copper, the most.
-.
principal producer or copper and the by.
product metaJ., gold, molybdenum, and ail.
Settlement of the 1980 labor OJtril<e at the
Utah Copper Di.., Bina;ham Canyon Mine

Table I.-Nonf\ld ..inen.l produdlon in Utah'

,.,
w; .. ol
-. ,,-
-, ,- ..... -,--
,a
,~

..'" ., .-".
*
1~.T"

"'m
-
., -"•
~
llU'11
22'1,1l1li
~
,~-

w
,'';
w
'= , • ,~

-........ .. -,
'
"1.1S'!

•
' HolD ~
~l.1n
"1B,i85

lZ.~
~ ~
'm'• ".
',.,.
~ .. _------- ------_.---------_ . .... _--
u
u ...... u
u
"""'" II " " .. .,.,_poj;cI:tL,_fthoo
......
m,Ta

"
"

489
.90

m
"
0- " ,m
,J: .....• ---
'*
_ ....-. . .....
_ · .......,L
...........
•• ...•
m

-••• -•••
- - .............. " '+

•
~, ~

-
M 2
----------- -_.
WI1..----------------
nun_nun_
-•• ••
• ••

,.••• "•
.. __________ __ _
MUI' M·•" '
---------0"-
'-,•
~,.

....'
•
~,.
~,

-
••
,~ •

U' " ........ n n _____

,...,-------------
...
"m
'
• _ _- ' ' ' ' ' - -_

•••
rr.i4i
~"
-''''''

'AW
•

::::':':::::="_'~.'_" 's ' . $ If. ,_

dl"m; ad. in IOld and molybdenum; 6th in
pbwp.v.~ raclr.; 6th in ail ..... and 10th In
t he ..alue of all D(lIIfl>el mineraJ. OIItpl,lt,
Trend. and Duelopnetl la.-Utah !!Ieul
production In 1981 I c.n a .wow mum to
lOot uwJ !'rom the low !net reKMd the
p"c,di." YMI. lti 1980. the qlWltit, 01
c:oppoor produced ;", the Stata Md fallen 10
it. Iown l point aooe 1959, IOId hIod fallen
to Ita Iow'lI: point mr.c.. IfI.I6, and ail..... n.d
fallm to Ita 10aUI point ,incp . :01" were
firrt bpi. Nni"i in 1871, LMd and w.c
production inc • . PI! l alightly from the 1979
.6CO«I low. The moet. neent decline in
Utah', metal production becan in 1%9 for
copper and alher, the euly 19'10', fot Ie.d
."d aiM, and 197. for COld.
'"" «>ppar ..... oll980 _ the m-.Ior
rac&or in the ao.er output III copper, IOld.
..... .u_ thoot year. n.. ~
poecloul- and bMr ~ production in the
_eel
m
111'70'...... PlrtiJ' attributed to the "lit-
down ol ~ unclel"JTOUlld oplrataon. in
the Park City and TilIUc min1na: dinricu,
 THE MINER.A.L I N DUSTRY 01' UTAH 491
Tlable 3.-lndle.ton of Utah IMMoI_ adh-it,.

"'el) 1118,"
.

Ern.Io;_."'.................... ...•• .,., ,u

.a.= ..,==•,
:~~~-
eo. ...... eo;e- :: :::::::::::::::::::: : ::::: ::l::
<10.. :::
__ _
_c __ ._._. __ _ _ _ _____ n _______ ,u
Tn."', , .... :d&..:.il,_ n _ n _ _ _ n _ n u n <lo.. n _
".5
K.
'.u
,u
PI....,.. """""'-.
\lib' 10 .... _ [..J.......
_ ____________________ do... __ _
nnnnnnnnnnu " un ,u
.u
S.. " ",

....
.a,
n _ n ______________ n_ u __ do...n _
UU _ _ _

Oovorn ...... ____ ________ __ _ ____ __ _ ____ _ ____ do... _ _ _ ~. .~ +u

,~

~. .u
i' 1Il,24t "2,GIO ,~.

11•• ' ~ ,"

.~
mu
PI.O
-.,
1.1'-1
~.
~
~.
+ !'U
.,
.~
:q:"' ......
·,u

--"_odd
....
'f_ bltu.,tDoIu<o>ol and 01' _
to.to
s.......
. . _ _.
1O>otaI_ I000:0... <11,,.;
U.s. ~ 01°
,,-, ....... ~_
p'm

, _ U.s. l\opottIDont <I 1aor. H.....,. and """"' 0 - _ M " 'rlM ....
U.&I1,,,..u o l _

900

TOTAL

"'
<r
600 r-
'"o
~
~

Q
Z
o • •••• •• • • •••
r- ........ Copp·~~-···
300
........

"I, "
° 197~7C_-l----L-~1~9'~0C--l----L---~--- 1905
Fipn! I._Value of nd_ proiuc:tlon of eopper aU total .. al_ of nonIIIeJ mlr n al
"....ueUcNI In Utah.
492 MINERALS YEARBOOK, 1981
cated high grades of mineralization and
identifIed thra maJor ore bodi. .· the Main
Burgin, Eureb Standll rd, and Middle
FaulL A new heedframe . . conetI"lCted,
and 1,000 feet or the Apes No. 2 ahaft wu
reb.biljl.llted for . , to the ...tern IOeC-
lion of the min.., ASARO) mew po.....ted
erect.! a .teel headframe on the Chief
o.,wdidated Mining Co. Ploperty it les ' E:I
in the Tintic mining district, Juab County.
The Chief No. 2 ehaft and IOIIle workingaOfl
the l,45(l.foot level 'Nen! rehabilitated in
pre,..-.t1on for underground exploration
and domopmentdri11;ng. At itllTriDeoper-
.tion in the Eat Tintk mining district,
Ken.-t Corp. 8pO!IIt 'U million on un-
del'1P'l'\Uld IlIId surface drilling and diecov-
ered .. new ore body in the IOIIthem area of
the mine; Atlantic Richf'.eld Co. leased the
NortlI Lily. abo in the Eat Tintic ..... to
treat and pro<: taiJinp, ....... dumps, etc.
In other developments, Bullion Monatcl1
Co. acquired silver and lead propertiel in
the Ruah Valley mining district, Tooele
County. for evaluation and pr-ib1e e>:plora.
tion. Ameritan Gold Minefoals Corp. drilled
a hydrothermal alteration area on Keg
Mountain, Juab Count,.. Horn Silver Min. .
Inc., completed 110 • roads and drilling
fit.. at ito Hom Silver Mine in ..,uthem
U ....
III the Park City mining district, a Dutch
innMDARt oompany, Stiching Mayfl.,....,.
Mountain Fronde, planned .. multimillion_
dollar , .. ;>rt on the property of the oJd
Mayflower Mine of New Park RMO!lrca,
Inc .• W"""tch Count)'. adjacent to the n.....
Deer Valley R .! "t. A portion of the reeGrt
....
would a<ljoin the propc I e l Jordanelle Reser-
The U.s. Bureau of R..,llImBtion contino
ued a th...,.,.p........ dudy of the JOrdsnelle
Dam site. 8 miles not1.h 0( Heber City, and
adjacent to the Perk City mining diAtrict.
Mine OWJlI!nI we .... concerned about poasible
flooding in the mining area.
14I11atlon and Go>'emment P ....
p-amo.-Utah'8 Department of Natural &-
_roes and the Utah EneI'lY OffICe 'IIrera
leolganized into a new Department of Nat-
ural a-.u""", and Energy. Tempo .... riIy
coneolidated for a 2-Ye&J" study, the new
d&partment we. Hpected to imp"",e State
function. relating to energy, minerals, and
other natural ....,.,......... 811 well "" to pro-
mote the IIlIUUIgement, development, and
coneervatioo of u..- reeoUr0e8.
Governor Scott M. Matheeon signed into
law .........al bills establilhing authority and
pl«ltldll...... for di&J>OIIing of nuclear and
haumloul waetee. Placement of h i&h ·level
nuclear waste in the State would requi ....
the Governorlluthorization after consulta-
tion with local authorit;" and with the
concurrence of the lecWature. Two acte
authorized the creation of a hazardou&-
......te authority and provided for adoption
of guidelineoo for locating hllZllrdoua-w8llte
treatment, stol11i", and di&poM! faciJitieol in
the State. State and Federal agenciee con-
tinued to stud,y removal of rad10activa tail·
inp fl"OlIl the old Vitro Chemical Co.'.
uraniu ..... nna<iium plantmte. Abo, the dia-
~ ofhigh·leveI radioactive wastee in ealt
domea and other fonnations we. under
investigation.
Subjec:t. to the on1ce of Management and
B~ a pproval, in mid·December, the U.s.
Department of the Interior iosued new rul.
regulating mining .. well as oil and gao
drilling in the Glen Canyon National Recre--
ation A,...... :'I Utah and Arizona. Drillinl; or
mining compan;" would have to IJIIbmit
plans to the National Park Service, and the
Park Service would conaider leaoe applica-
tiona on an individual hMia.
A IUidebook entitled "Pennit Require-
ments for the Development of Energy and
Other Selected Natural a-.u""", for the
State of Utah" WIUI p....pared ror the Four
Corne.. Regional Commi&eion and the U.s.
Geological Survey in August 1981.
The U.s. Bureau of Mineo! awarded con·
I.ract.II and grants toteling an e.timated $1 ,5
million to organi2ationa in the State of
Utah during rlSCal year 1981•
 THE MINERAL INDUSTRY OP UTAH
IEVIEW IY NONfUEL MJNElAL COMMODfTIES
..".,
Boylliu ...._The quantity and value of
beryllium oonoent~ate output ..... relativfly
stable in 1981. Ac<:onIlng to the BNlh
Wellman, Inc., 1981 annual report, 490,000
pounds 0{ beryllium oontained in ore C<III-
""ntrate .... recaverecI from 121,000 toIUI of
ore milled duri", thI! year compared with
487,000 pounds re:lOViOred from 112,000 ~
in 1980. The company .... imllted ore . .
...rvs all of yearend at 8.95 million toIUI of
bertrandite ore with an average grade of
0.23% beryllium.
Bertrandite ........ open pit mined at Spot"
Mountain. Juab County. Were trucked to
Brush Wellman', e>:tractlon plant at Delta,
Millard eo..nty. During December 1981. 1.2
million cubic yards of overburden that ......
removed from the pit expCled ore to be
mined in 1982. The company began a pr0-
gram to atimulate beryl ore purcha- in
the United Stau. and ove ...... lu Detw'·
ber, Brush Wellman annDtlru:eci p\ans I'or
thI! $2.5 million modification of ito Deha
fedlit.ies to P1« .11 beryl 0 ..... containing III
little .. 7% beryllium oxide.' The bert.nn.
dite ore will remain the chief IOUI"Ce of
beryllium for thI! induetry.
Beryllium hydrazide concentrate "'"
shipped to B..... h Wellman', Elmore, Ohlo.
refinery for """version to beryllium a11oJa,
beryllia ceramic, and metallic beryllium.
Copper .-$urpuoing the record high aet
in 1979. thI! value of oopper produc:ti>n
inet sed ll%;output, which !We 34% Oler
tba.t or 1980, reaching ito highest point BiIIce
1978, reI1ec:ted the r ,"Um.ption or normal
operations after the 1980 oopper ""rile.
Declining copper priceoo, from an aveu.p
$1.02 per pound in 1980 to an average $0.85
per pound in 1981, prnented • larger in_
c_ in value of eoppel" production.
On June 4, 1981,.t. ooet of $1.77 billion,
Utah', prindpal oopper produoer. Ken_
oott Corp., ..... acquired by Standard Oil
Co., an Ohio COlporaUon (Sohio). Sohio ....
50% owned by Britioh Petroleum Co. In
Utah, Kennecott Minerala, a suhoridiary or
Kennecott Corp., operated the Utah Copper
Div. 'n.e facilities included the .....ld·.Iarg-
est open pit copper mine and precipitation
plant at Bingham, Z5 milee IIOtIth_ 0{
Salt leke City; and 16 miles to the nonh,
the Bonfte"rilLe conoentralM and Arthur
and Mapa flotation oonoenttators eapalole
at treatina: 108,000 tone per dsy 01 ora, a
4"
smelter with an annual produetiom eapacity
or 280.000 toni 01 copper anode, and a
retmery with a n annual capacity at 192,000
tone or copper cathode. On February 11,
1981,. world r r ..... d .......t..t theBiJrcharn
tons of ore and ..ute w..
Mine rOl" hard·rod" mining when 638,649
mined in 24
hou ... The previous mining .ecotd.t. Bing-
ham ..as 544,808 toni or material mined in
the 24 .
. ,
,
average irade ot ore miDl!ld
ir,,, 7d from 0.575% oopper in 1980 to
0.582% ""I'JI"1" in 1981.
At il8 high:grade North Ore Shoot ooppet
deposit adj8cent to the Bingham Canyon
open pit mine. the company oommenoed
wOI"k on • development project that includ-
ed oink.ing a 2O-foot-<liameter, 4,2(lO.foot
shaft, and 8 mil ... of drift to delineate
further the molybdenum, and
'~:;,~m;;~
~ . At hen1ie8t,
the.......
1985; pro-
oamptet.
~,~~~it:.-
.;~q~peeted to yield 72,000
105 million tonA or
.t the Bingham
million tonA or ore
copper.'
During the year, KenneeoU Miner. con-
tinued a detoiled engineering Rudy for
modernizinc: ito Utah Copper Div. P,,,,"",,I"-
ties. The prop'JO rd project included a new
C011~ntrator to 1'91"."" the th.- older Caci!·
itiel and In-pit e'...... inl and COfI""tH'I to
eliminate the P1!Ullt rail-haulage .,..tem.
Conatrueticm . . . expected to beIin in 1983
with eompletion .cheduled by 1986.
In polIution-oontroi matten.. Salt leke
County oom:m;zzlon .... gave prelilrdnu"y .~
provaI to • Kenn ....... t ~. req~ fOl" •
$7.2 million ..... of tu._Cree indudrial reve-
nue bonds for pollutlon<oontrol equipment
.t the Magna smelter. The Storte at.o in~811
tiptecl the metal content at water in drain-
.,. from the Kei1na:>JtL Nineralz ptope.-"ti811
into Butterfield Canyon and into G.-.t Salt
lair..
... MlN&JlAUI YEARBOOK, 1981

!'aWe '--lJtah; Mine ...... lOdion (reeon .... le) oI..,Id, IlInr,
COPJlfr, lad, and line, by _1111

- ..
......

~- -- - ---------

- -

'hoWe I.-Utah: Mine prodllCtlon (neo.6IIblel or pld, .Iyel', copper. lead, and dnc
In 1181, b,. cluaolo~ orotherlOWft material

-,• ,--.-- ,--, =- - -,-

----'----.;
.....ri ..
e. '00 "-~
0"
,-
Sil_
. . 'TT)
~

,,
An ...... de Mlneram Co. {(onnerl,. the An·
aocmdl Coppe:t Co.), • .,.!:.idj_ry of Atlantic
RichfIeld Co., ope1'ated itll Carr Fork 1UIde....
crowut cupper miM adjacent to the Bire·
ham Canyoo. open pit mine of Kennecott
Minenb. Two IhaI'ta, aurface facilities, and
• IO,OOO-ton-per-cl.y concentrator ..... in
PIne Canyon, Tooele County; • thinlilhaft ill
ir
locatee! in Carr Fork of BinVIlII» CaJ\yoo.
Co~ntr.ta are Ihlpped to Japan for proc-
EFF ing Scbecl\lled to prodllCe 55,000 ton& per
year of copper .. hen production commenoed
in 1979, the txlmJlllllY .... ported the CarT
Fork Mine yielded 16,100 tone of c:opper in
198!.
 THE ILINn.u. tNDU8TRY 01' UTAH
Table 6.-Utall: Mine p ..... ltCtion lrec:overable) of lOW, Illver, OOPPl'r, IHod, alId IIIK
I.. IMI, by type of _rial
Tno 01 " ",,"\01 '
oM ' 'I 10I'~ io)
~ ----- .. -._- -------.-
'01 · ' .... _ .. "
• .......... 1'• ..,_
:=-,...,-.
duded the Can- PorI< lIiMo 01 ~ the
recycltd tallinp 01 the Mid¥ale mill of
Sharon Steel; the Trizle Mine 01 KenntCOtt
Minenla; the Ontario project of Nannda
MiniD(; the In>n B le II )III Mine 01 Jtame.
cott Min.-nU.; ..... _ • _n mine u. Salt
t.bCounty.
On ,July 2Z, Getty Oil Co. ann<IUl>O*IlhIot
It. who!d!''''' Getty Mineral Reeoun:. 00.,
WG1Id !)lor I . t with the developmellt phue
.. the II';"'" CaDyoa PHj ' l t, a pinned
,... mini ......... mill;'" opentioa, apPOox,
4'5
,,0(7771'
anoI metJ\od nh een.err
!.iIi
••
m."fOI UI!I.I"II 111.1"11
imately .0 mile. ..... t h _ .. Salt t...b
Cit" Ro.d conatruction and .;W prepara-
tion bt"n in &ptember with the open pit
mine and. 3,1JOO.ton-per:day miU, upected. to
be ope..tiona! the 1 I 000><1 half 011988. The
U.s. aure..u of 101m. Met&IlWV RII ' ' reh
c.n,- in Salt t...b City developed the new
proc that will be u.aed to noover the
micron.fir.ed aok1
The Getty Oil 1981 annual report_ted
thIot the Getty Mi.neral p,hoidl,.,. .... com-
Iftlued to rund I~ 01 the ,.<dec&. with
a fonner joilIt.¥enture putldpant, Gold
SWldanl, Inc., to reoelve 16,. of the prqj.
ect.'. net after Gel.ty Mineral recovers Ita
_ FMtillUlta projected oyv 10 million
tou 01 on! u. place with all .~" &de 01
O.089onnceolgold per ton.
Durine: the ,..,., John.on Matthey In.
v-'-menta, IDe., .... """urin( the _ -.,.
,-rmlta and (undine for conatnoo:tina". $10
miltlon gold an.d ailv.,.. refine.,. in W....
Val"" City, Salt ' • •• Count,.. The 60,000.
OIquu.-foot ioet-Uation .... to hilvto an iIti,
tiaI capldty of 1 miUion 0UIIrCeI of gold and.
• million ounON 01 "'Iver. Small mini..,
oparation. .-ere to be the feed. ..... roe of the
refinery opented by Joru..on Matthey Re:
r....;.." lDc:., the holding company roc the
~oompan,..
irWIn Ore.-ShipmentA of iron ore declin_
ed 47,. durin( the year; val ... dropped .6,.
.. U. ......1 iDdllltry ~"lted to eevere
""U-b in u.. dw IIlk aut.omotive alId
econ.ItnIctioII ir>d"ltri'l
v , III _11 III the ill-
flu>< of foreip IteeI on the marUt. The
lead.l.n( Iron ore p.-od\lCel" In the Stat.,
United Stat. SCaeI Cortl., d.irec:t shipped
Iron SpriDp min...,
Iron on from ita Deoert MOW'Id Mine in the
diItrict, _ 01 Cedlr
Clll', [ron o,.,nty, to ita C. __ •• Worb-.!
mill ..... Orem. Utah County. Anot.her
producer in the Iron Sprinp .... _ Utah
In~tionaI, Inc., ...,t.jdiary 01 General
Electric Co. Tbe _pall)' shipped ot«l<piI-
ed _ntrUel from Ita I.... Spri.... Mine
.96 MINERALS YBAit800l:, 1981

to ttw Cu••• Worb, -.nd. IIIvhr _~

to Cf'a1 Steei Corp.. ditect. lbipped iron 0f'II
from the Ccw, !lock Mine to crAr, .teel
pwnut Pueblo, Colo.
~ or worn... at the Geneva Worb
oIU",ted St..~&eel blp" in Ord.ober, and
by .rt)' December, .tIout 680 emplot :!
bIId been.:llt _10.. Normal emplO)',nent in
1981 IfU repotUd. to be 4.900 ....n.... By
mid·November oru, 4 of the 10 ope ... M.rth
'"
00

....
f'II.m .... and 2 ba.t ~ _ opma"

Laq in til, yeu, however, United St.ta

Steel ann<KInoed piaN to modify lu 18Z-
inch lIill at the De,......Woru to Uw:' ' F
01·' ....
r

the . . that _'id be rolled in the

mill and. to produce • ~rpr, t-Yier ooil
with more uniform metalluf1kal p,operti..
thfOU(h it. lencth. ~neering on the 112
million to 115 million Pl'Ojec:t brg.n U. 1981
with. -..uctJoo echeduled rOT !.be fourth
qu.art.er 011982 and oompletion by mld-l983.
In Box Elder Count,'. NuOOl" Steel Co., •
d tvl8lon of Hucor Corp .. OOIUpleted It.
400.000-tou ......,.r _ I mill _ PI,.·
""",tlro at mid,rear. U ..... .a.p, the OOIlI)Ie-
nl' tepf" !: I -'-I. into nriouI produ.o:tl
Includina' ret-. for mark'" in I..o:. Ancel..
and the P..:ifL:: North~ In addition, in
U. third q\LUter, N _ Corp:, VuIcraI'I.
I)iy. IIrooIcht into ope,atioft • 40,OOO-torI-
pe ...yeu Reel joiA plant at Brieham City;
and in late 1981. the NI.IOO. Grindina' Balls
Di... at BrlfIwa City .tarted prOdlldng
_ I &rindinI bells for the ",min&; ind'*"Y.
Len ' _ Utah', lead prodllCtOon IDa I
in quantity and Ylllue; Nonmda Mining
Inc.. uuJ.ldillry of Nor.ndll MinM, Ltd., of
Canada, IlhipJ*l Jead..zlnc on (rom Ie. Sum.
mit Count)' Ontario P"'ja:t, ........ ........
from Ullited Part. Cit)' Mi_ Co. On Ma)'
29. 1981. bow""er. Norandlo Mini", _
pended mini", operationl becauee of prob-
lem. with procio.w:tiYit)' and (I"-.ie of ore. and
Me.1* of low IM*al PlicE? The company
oonu"• • limited esploratioa and ~}..
opment program on the United P.rk prop-
ertlel and on the adjacent Parlr. Cit)' Conool.
icboted Mrne. Co. .....,..1
tis in Summit
Coun t,. Two ....·11 ... ee ....... and bNe-mI!tal poII"O'I_.
DP"ramn.. one in Salt We CoIInt)' and the The Bln(ham
other in Utah CoIInt,.. produced. lead. Lead necott Mine...u.
pno. in 1981 ."enged $0.3653 per pound
eompeM with $0.3743 in 1980.
Mqaalua.-AMAX Speciall,. MetUo
Corp., w..n-ium Di.... . ouJ.id.i.ary of AM·
... """'
ued to be the
~

AX I"" .• produced. m.qn..ium met.l and

b)'proci"CI chlorine at tho! Rowley plant.
T_1e Count)'. Purchaled fl"Olll NL Ind.....
t.r'-. 1ne..1n 1980. the .... nt _Opelated U
 THE MINERAL INDUSTRY OJ' UTAH
and ptecioo.l-.metai operationa.
Ranche.... Exploration and Development
Corp., on October 16. annou.noed that the
fil""llt IIilver bullion "'u poured at ita EIca-
Jante operation about 3 milEII west of Beryl
JutICtion, Iron County, and 7 milEII nortlo. of
Entarprl8a, Washington County.
The mill and refining facility were becun
in 1980, completed on August 20, 1981, and
by yearend, achlevad production of alxM.>t
125,000 OUncall of silver per month. '!'be
bW<: racilititoo ineluded eruahlng and gmd-
Ing equipmant and leachin, !.anh to p""
duce precipitateollllld bullion .
About a)'UT1 supply of feed for the mill,
130,000 toN of ore, wu .t.ockpiled under-
,.-ound. and Of! the surface. Throughout the
year, devtolopLhe.1t work continued 011 OWI-
m-uctini a f,700.root decline to be II88d for
ace ,. . The new vertical_retreat mining
metbod was reported working weU, and !.he
......
mine made slightly 1_ water than u·
M of October, the company estimated
re.erves at more than 2..6 million tonA ofore
with an averap Ifrade of 12..5 OUnCBI of
Bilver per ton, or more than 38 million
ou_ of contained lIil.... r.
Tunpten._Production of tunpten in-
creB" d in value and quantity in 1981.
Schoolito mined and milled by the Abr_-
dabra Exploration CoTp. at ita Fraction
Lode near Gold Hill, Tooela County, was
shipped to Kennametal Corp.
Vanadlum.-Vanadium wu recovered
from uranium-vanadium 0 .... mined in Em-
ary, Garfield, Grand, and San Juan CouIl-
tieL 0.... and ooncentnteol from U - a ......
_re -.hipped to the Au.. <lor]>. mill at
Moab, Grand County; to the Enero J'ueb
Nuclaar, Inc., pilll at Blanding, San JIIIUl
County; or to the Union Carbide Corp. IIli.lI
at Uravan, Colo. Vanadium production in-
Cl"'1 I in value and quantity in 1981, with
Utah rankine I mmd out of the m sw.es
producing vanadium in the Nation.
In the Cotor.do Plateau ...... develop-
ment wu curtailed at Hecla Minilla" Co.',
I i-bon Valley uranium-vanedium mine, al-
thourh Uruon Carbide, partner in the joint
ventura, continued to operate the mine on a
lircla-.hilt baaie; production wall a_parted
in 1983. In it. annual report. AUaa Corp.
stated that ita Mineralo Div. ooId allPl"OXl-
mat.ely 2..3 million pounds of vanadium
pentoaide in the illlCBl year ending ,hlne 80,
1981.
ZInc.-Zinc output ir..:. J in quantity
and nlue ..... r that of the previouI year;
the principal producer was the Ontario
497
project of Noranda Mining Inc., in the P..,.k
City mining district. Two oman operations,
Of!e in Salt Lake County and the other in
Utah County, abo shipped zinc ore8 to the
_elter. Zinc pnc- in 1981 averaged
W.4.(5o) per pound compand with $0.3743
per pound in 1980.
NONMI"IALS
Nath·e Asphalt and Other BitumenL_
Utah ia the only producer ofupha1tito, abo
called gibonite or uintahito, a IIOlidified
hydrocarbon. During the year, gilaonite wae
min..! by American Gilaonito Co. from near-
ly vertica1 ....ins at Bonanza. Uintah Coo,"-
ty, about 52 mil"" .... theast of Vernal; and
by Zie&1eT Chemk:aI '" MineraIa Corp. from
veillS at Uttle Bonanza, about 5 milEII
northweet of Bonanza. American GilAonite
proc . :: d the material th~ ita newly
completed 120,OOO-ton·per-day plant and
beWed ortrueked the product in bulk to the
-"
railhead at Craig, Colo., for shipment to
Marketed u a
"""' '"
cement
I",
nioN had been equal owners of
Git.onite since 1946.
CeJnent.-Production of cement increaa-
ed .Iightly In amount. and with higher
pricea for most tn- of gray portland ce-
ment, the product rose alll\Olt 15910 in val .....
At<;on:Iing to ita 1981 annual report, Ideal
Basic IndUBtri...., Inc., shipped imillhad p0rt.-
land and maeonry cement from its 350,000-
ton-per-year wet-p.oc r:: plant a t Devils
Slide, Morgan County. Limeortone qua..ne.
in Parley'. Canyon, Salt Lake County, and
Grantaville, Tooele County, continued to
osupply the Portland. Cement Co. of Utah, a
.....,
division of Lone Star
p.C)( F cement
57
C8l*it,.
ally.'
., wet-
On November I', 1981, the new $85 mil-
lion, 650,ilOO-ton-per-year Leamincton plant
of Martin Marietta Corp.'. Mountain Div.
came online. The dry-p"< opeiation,
constructed in a record.-br n king 17 monthe
and 9 daya, is about 100 mill!Olaouth of Salt
Lake City. Part of the pr<:>ject ;. the n_
distribut.lon tenninal located at Murray,
498 IIIlNWM U 8Y&ABBOOX, 1981
Salt Ub County. Cement -..ill _ ~
uUld to mar"~ in Utah; wmem Colorado;
and -=ti_ of Idaho, Nevada, and W-,o-
tica at
County; aDd for r..c. brick .t iu Heoerer
Min .. S"mmit Cno·nty; Fi... Mile Mine,
Tooele Countr, and Jim Gay Mi.... Uw.
Count}'. ~cI CJ.y and Salt Co. min..:!
_ llilli bentonite in Sanpete County lot
"'ate,jltooftllll and _ I"". W.t.!m CIa,y
Co. okaiDed .wtolilnJ bentonite It ita
Redm<Dd. pit., s.m..
lertiJiIen. ".. _pan,. Co"nty, rOl' ... in
-.Jeo mined fUller',
Mnh at tbe Avrora Mine, Sa.ie. County,
tor .... in caWytio: oil mmu., and in
I ';"'b and Nl.atecl prod~ R. D. Wad-
ley Clay IA. min'" fiN clay at u.. Wadley
Mine ill Utah County.
'n>e .~r. I,Injl value of clay In 198\
... $7.92 oxnpued with $4.16 in 1980.
G~ IS,.nthltlc)._ Pruluctlou of
.,.."thetic .... phite in Utah """tin..... to
In... - ill q ..... tity and Ya1~ in 1981. A
hich-moduJ .. 1)'IIt.ivttk craphite fiber WN
produced by H_"",Ie., lne., at Bacchu.. Salt
Lah County, and by Fiber Technology
Corp. at Provo, Utah County.
GyjJlUm.-Unit4ld &au. G}'PI\IIll Co. and
c...gia-P..:ifk Corp., Ieadina' proc!uot.. in
the Su.te, mined aDd calcined IYJIIIIm at
inaallatioM near Si&\lrd, SI"ier County.
UlOId principilly in IDIUIUrKWn.,. wall-
board U>d pl ....... aude gyp.um prOdudion
Incre' J in quantity and value in 1981;
.ctoldnecl ~um, however, roee in output
but declinod IUbltantially in ...11.... Cox
Enl.e.t .. · if 2, Inc., Sanpete Cou.nt:r; 'nIo!naI
J . Pfrl • Son&, h.e.. Juab County; and
White Mountain GYP'" rn Co., NillanI
County, all oontin ...... to mine crvde typo-
Wm.
Lime.-Utah Narblehead Limfl Co., •
divieiOll of Gene..l Dynlllllicl; Oo'l'., "'.. the
leedinlr produ<:eJ" of deed-bumecl dolomite
made from. dolomitic Im.-tone mined in
the LatIlliOe Mountaina, T_1e Count)'.
The pndlld __ ahipped by nail and tnd
to ~plantilln Brit... Columbia, Cened_,
CaliIomia, Uw.. and WNhincton. Conti-
netltai Lime Co., a ... baidiary 0( &eel Btw.
c....da, Ltd., ...... uf.ctured lime from •
hiah-calcium lim.t.one QUllrT;I' In the Crick-
et MOlintalna, approximatel)' 6 mile. WE*!.
0( itll 600-ton·per-day plant, about 86 mU_
..,..th 0( [)elta, M.illard Count)'. The lime ie
ueed f« pH oontrol by the eoppeo-, IIOId. and
.......u..... ~. Ken'«'.' lfinenol8'
Utah Coppu DiY~ Sait Laka Connt)'. pr0-
duced lima for \lie in itll copper opI ••tiorur;
and Geuata!" Cement and Lime Co., _ ....bsid-
ia..,. of aen.tar Corp., 0( Toronto. Canada,
....
prvdl1C*l II",. for imiahll\l" lime. electric
.teel prvdl.lC:tion., and coppe~ ore c:oncentla-
M..-luM eo.poGnd z Gr"fllE.t Sait
Lake lIliMJU " Cl>eznio:ak Corp., a di.....
aion 0( OuJf a-..u..:.. " Chemieal Corp~
recovered IIIqJlElaiwn chloride and other
mineral prvduct. from the brlne& of Great
8&lt Lake, WMt of Ogden. Ulril\l" a PI" of
.w.r IIV&poretion, alec:t.i.... cryPIllr..ation
and depooltion of "'tII, the .....-um
chloricM ie _tallied in the conoenc.ated
final brine 1011100... (bitteml) in the tolar-
enpontion pond&. The product . . . . . . _
a d .... ""ppi 'nt fot lWoIk and ind...n.aJ
....,... and in the eugar beet pme T ing
indllltl")'. Production 0( the oon"nOOit)' a l-
moat doubled in Quantit)' and more than
doubled in Y&lue•
PerUte.-ProdI.lC:tion. 0( ~ perlite
r...... en.w:I. perlite obtained out of State
iI:K:> . " t IU'-taJltially in Quanl.ic), and Y&I-
ue in 1981 . Tbe Pu Co., at itll plant in Salt
Lake City, and Oeo:tp.P.ruk:, at ltll plant
in Sigurd, continued to prod~ eltpanded
perlite rOT ..... aa • pluter aurePte in the
COMtruction indUltly. The product ..... &lIlo
told lOr uae in hortieu.Itural . ' . " . , in
fOi" d product&, and .. an m.ulation .... t&-
rial. Mountain Maid, Inc., continued to
miIM • emall amount of enlde perlite near
Fillmo .... , Millard County.
PhOlph.te ~k._Production or pm..
phat.e rock incr ' 55Ed oIiBhtly In quantit)'
a nd aut:.tantial ly in vlll .... in 1981. or the
oeven Sta~ producing pQphate. Utah
ranked nllh. 1111 output comi". from the
open pit mine 12 mile. north 0( Vernal,
mntah Count)'. At ~ lSl8O, Socal
acquired the Stauffer O>emi<:al Co. pr.a.
phIlt.e mini", reeerv.,. and p.oc ' 77in. plan~
near Venull: the railroad t.ermlnal.t J'boe.
ton, W_tch County; and the fertilizer
......"fldllri'" irwtal.l.tioa at o.rfield, Sr.J.t
Lake Ccunl),. EIlr\)' in 1981, ChI" .... He.
..,.....,.. Co., a . ,,!widi' '")' of Socal, .-umed
ope .... tion or the Stauffe r fecilit . near
Vernal : and 0"."011 Chem ical Co., another
lut.idilry, took over ~t 0( the
 THE MINI!RAL INDU8TRY 01' UTAH
fertilizer plant at GarfIeld. $ocal revealod
plOlnl to build a new fertilizer plant near
Rock Springa. Wyo. Chevron Chemical
plana to manufacture wet phosphoric acid
and p/toIIphateo fertilizer uai"8 byproduct
sulfur from 80Urps wells in W~ The
Iow«llt aulfur fOJ" maki"8 the ""lluric .cid
wil.I be llIOO.elod from natural lOUr gas
pn>duced from Chevron U.s.A., Inc.'a_U.
in the Carter Creek ........ in oouthw:aJ:m
Wyoml"8. Ammonia COIiId be produced
from. the natural gas and reacted phospho ....
ic acid to prodooe djammonjum pbol!lphate.
Tbe fertilizer ..ould be marketed in the
Midw_tand Wenem United St"'_
Potaah.-Three oompanieoJ produced po-
tualum llllta in the Stete: Great Salt lake
Minerala ol Chemlcala, KalIer Aluminum ol
Ch ..mj""l Corp., and Te:wrgulf, Inc. The
quantity and value of ..ue. dec ..."d be-
ee ..... ~ the fall in demand for fertilizer
attributed to doelininj; crop pri.- and high
interest rates.
Great Salt Lake Minerala ol Chemicals
.....d ooIar evaporation and aelective crystal-
lization to ntl"act pots",;um aulfate and
byproduct 1IIIt, lOdium aulfste, and m.8IJI&"
tlum chloride from concentrated brio. of
Great Salt lake Salta...,..., harveIIted from
17,000 acrM of eoIaT ponde and J>iO' ::1
through plants located wtet of Oiden at
Little Mountain, Weber County. Underway
w.. the Ii. . phue of a $10 million expan-
sion projed. to ina FEE the.ize of the .,Iar
ponds to 8-1,000 ecre8; the project wu to be
oompleted in 4 yean. The company n _
tracted brineI from the north arm of the
lake where potasIum Ia 50% IllO¥9 concen-
trated than in the IOUth arm.' Uaed u a
epocialty fertilizer, "",--ium IUIfate ill
marketed worldwide.
K"_ 'lIOO>'9red potaesium oalts from
brineI at ita plant, near Wendovt!r, Tooele
County. Salt. ..era marketed as slaTMI'ni
and coerwe pt' v.um chloride (muriate of
potash) and manure alt. (a mi%ture of the
DlUriateo of pots lum and IIOdlum). BrioN,
extracted from aqulfen in the ealt eedi-
menta of the BonMYille Salt nata, were
collected in eoIaT evaporation pondI and
then PI:(" ed t.hrou&h a flotatitm concen-
trator to aeparate halite (muriate of oodium)
and •.1lviia (muriate of potash).
499
Teu'IIIfIIll of Soci~ Nationale Elf Aqui-
taine (a French Govemment-controlled. oil
firm), recovered potaeIJium oalta at ita Cane
Creek operation near Moab, Grand County.
Products marketed included standard,
COIlI1II!, and granular murietll of pot- ab.
PoteMium, """,,,,,red by ..Iution mmina:
Pennaylvanian evaporite!! at a depth of
2,789 feet, was moe ... ed by !lOW c:onc:eDtra_
tion and froth notation to recover the potu.
mum ealt&!.
SalL_Produc:en 01 ..Iar ..... t in 1981,
listed in alphabetical order,...,re American
Salt Co., Solat" 0;"., Tooele Coullty; Great
Salt Lake Minerals I: ChemicalB, Weber
County; Lake CryJtaI Salt Co., BM. Elder
County; Lakepoint Salt Co., Tooele County;
Morton Salt Co. of Morton·Nonrich, Inc.,
Salt Lake County; and TnpagoJIf, Grand
County. Redmond Cilt.y and Salt produoed
rock salt and brine in Sevier County, and
Moab Brine (laSaI Oil Co.) recovered salt
from brine in Grand County. Redmond Cla.1
and Salt acquired the Albert Poulson Salt
Co. brine o",rati"" in Sanpete Count.1. Salt
production declined in amount but inere&&-
eel in "a1ue over t.h.o.t of the previoua year.
Sand. and Gra¥eL_'l'1m chapter conlatimt
onl.1 preliminary elltimate!! for construction
..... d and gravel production but contai.n.e
complete data on industrial sand and gra.....
el. To reduce reporting burdeDli and ccetl,
the Bureau of Min.. implemented n_
CIlJl"aaein& Ploced~ for it&! surveY" of
..... d and gra.... l pl"O!lUCet"L Beginnina: with
the oollection of 1981 production data, the
...........1 of CWIIIUuction sand and gravel pro-
dw::en will he conducted for even-numbered
yean only; the .~ of industrial sand
and gravel producent will continue to be
conducted annually. The preliminary .u-
mata for production of oonatruction sand
and ....""1 for odd-numbered yeara will be
I"II\'ieed and ronalized the fo\lowinjj; year.
Preliminary .. timatee indicated total
sand and gravel production inc. qEd
a1ichtl.1 in both quantity and value. Ind....
trial sand and graftl, haweMr, declined in
quantity but ina nd in "alue. Salt Lake
Valley Sand ol Gravel Co. .... the .ole
producer of industrial sand durin&" the year
with the product .....d fOJ" sandbluti"l and
... moJd and core foundry sand.
500 MJNcaAUi yvRBO()K . 1981

,. ,.,
,-
,- ,- ,- ,.- ,--
--- -
Qo""';.,.

C
- -
,-

. ,.__
7 7

c:...I_.~ u n _ u __

SodIUM 8ull.te.-Gnoat Salt Lake Miner-
.11 .. CbemIeal8 ,eco.'ered ..uum wlf.to!
from the brine. or Gnoat Salt t.h .t ibl
operation _ I of Orden. ProducUon in 1981
declined _hen abnorMally ........ tempera-
tu . . durin( the 'flint« 011980-81 reduoed
the dep:leition olMIto! fnxn ..hieh tIw...u.
IUD Alf.", .... produoed. 'nle _modity
... ~ in the ctnmic. detergent, llaa.
and peper indUIt.rieL
Sto~.-The q~tity and .. -.1ue or lItone
production remained. relatively ubi. dur-
in&' 1981••ltho\lt:h !he tonnap or ~
atone dipped beca1.lM 01 the decline In __
Uruction, ..hleb pouticularly arr..... the
oteel ond _ n t iDdlllllrife.
I ;decl in d ! 2 : -dinl Older aI output, the
following qlW1"ied limMt.oae: Unit.ed Sutel
Steel, Utah County, for u.e .. n\U[, .urf_
treatment IIQ'''''u., nliI.....d t.ll.Qt, or
d....i .......Wrial .t itl! nrIouI op mttio<w;
tdeal, Morgan County, for cement; the
Southern PacifIc TTanIportation Co.. So..
Elder ColI"!)" fo r ripnp .nd jett,. stone;
Lone Star, Salt Lake County, for cement;
Continentlll Lime, Millard County, for lime
lllMufactul'1r, Peter Kiewltt .. SorI. Co .. Selt
Lake County, for bell' d; LeGrand J ohn....,
Con.tnat;lion eo.. c....be County. f",. •• k ul-
tI1n.Ili= iteM; McFarland and "tim ......
and Gellllar (\I_lit and Hme. Toe :Ie
County. for lime !IWIUfacUIr9; Mountain
Di... of M.rtln Mariett.oo, J..-b County, for
cement; and Coc'· ... rom c..leite Co., Utah
CowIt,., for pouJtry grit. Marblehead LIme
Co. q....rried • dolomitic Ii-litme ill. Tooele
Count,. fo:r dud-bumed dolomite and •
ref.-..;&ory _ _ (or m••UurP;al pouJ" :::
s.r.t- _ quuried by IdNl and Me.-
lin MuietUl for cement muuf!ld.ure and
by the Cache County R.,.d Dep.rt.ment for
Mnn 11""-*1 road " - .wn•. Stu Stone,
Ine., q'nnie<! dimension ttone In Boll Elder
CoIInt,..
Cruahed _ _ pn:xIliCfId .t 14 quer-
..... in 8 IXIUntM!oo ill. 1981.

TablelL_Utah: eru..hfd atone' 11014 or uHd by pI"OC! l>«B, by.1e

r .: _ _ .... ': ~""_

'".., 'm '" ...•

N

." ~
•• i; ';
•
""'•.
iN
..,
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.... ..".-
-
~,

-- ------------ -------------------------- u. ,m• 1.I1B

~ ------------------------------- ------- .".. ':t.:11

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~

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2 2 :
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;AJ !J!i~ J!J~ ~~ !U .Ill
!8 I-M
I! du~ Ii
II
.. !lH]. 6~Hn
g~., h~~ ,- .i'l "' i i/lll,'u i: 1
,
1~l:f>:;IEI -:sl' ,
~in l]~~,_ "'I 11 d, ~ 1 So: ~ .. ~! II i : ,
'j l l!lll III g l~. :
1
~g!~:!§".!lSili·l ;
-h l-·IU
I
pi!.!;" " !'
"dh ill.Hi 1 ~I jJflp liAlllijllJ! jiij I " j
I
 Ji 1
JI j ~ d •'l jl •• , d' I jd~llj
j

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I, •
Ii
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.. t
un
~

~
i"'lli11~~: 1111
~

ll: E:'.lI
,/!: :, :
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,
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J~ ., g' i! ~ 8
!n Ji ! sis8 lUd~l~i
Il ~s - . '1
~~ EM 1,ll'l>i §s sf 1-
II d Ji I!~' '1!'!!ll il I~ il

l i• {d1!4l'i
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~ jl j '~Ji .11 !'j~! i l'
.'" T.wez..-V. . . fII-r-I_ b
KDfDAi..8 n;.P8()OII;, 1982
r
' .. ,,"WIiIPIF Utah,~ U -'"

. .-
iT It

0. .. ,. ~"
Ml -:t;' '.IMI

~ --'0>1-·
".•
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••
''4:
•• E , •

••
.....Il
_ " -

t:t::
____ n _____ __ _

• o
...'"• •
_'
_n__.
n ___
n h __
n __
n __
___

•
_ ' _ n
_ _n n
n _ _ _
__ n __
__n . ___
__ _
•' ..-•
~c
•
.'" a
J -.
...: ', _ £ I • , " ·_-x.,.
( :I

- ..... r" ' n DMot

,

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'M' ,.,.

"" '"
2'
'hW . n _ n n n ___ n u u ___ n

,..... ---_ ..ot_

Ito'... $')

-- ------ --------------- ---- -------

:' . n n n h h ___ .... __ _

_ _ n un. _ _ _ PM _ ......
~

... 5 5 ....
 "
' ''~. H'&'L4_-'''C .,. " &

900

TOTAL

'"
«
~
cr 600

~
oo
z
Q
~
.. .'0. .... ... ' ......•..'..
~ 300 ••••••• COPPER ••••
••••••••
"
0,.,;;,,- _---l_-:,::!""=----l_---l__ - - --'98'
.,.....
FIpn I.-Value of Mine prodlldkln of ~r and total .allH of_nfUd
...... urtloa In Utah.

MINgus YKARBOOK , 1982
;;",=.e~,W::;_;;~j':-
,-' output In the noD-
.. the (O! ~-""ion
m.,
.... 001.
' IUD eotOIPOOl!' 'r,
Tie " ...... IWftl1fW*tl._E'ctept for
1Iil...... prod"", ... m ."., m : .,t in the
Stau d6cllneci in q......tlt,' and nl_ "..
...."tum .... attributed w • ,,"mbeT of
f...... the deps ~ t ' 14nd for EI' :hle
and co"6iJK",diftll1low prica IlruuPt Oft
by the worldwide I eo: "''''n. competition
wlu. priYatoo and I'OnmrMnt-own«l ~
prooI ..... zi .. lUchenerv E' Ie, Irish ....... tiqr
co.t.a. and. IlJl ovwwpply of II-" ...... !.
on-. conditiona _ e l y affected the
& 1 I mini. . ditltrict. in the Stale. hi the
We.!. Mountain (Bingham) diatrict, Ken.
necott Min..... reduoed copper prodllClion
at N BillchaJn CanyoD "",n pit., atId Ana-
wilda Mmera1a Co" .......idj • ..,. ()( Atlantlc
RIchfield Co., dOled iu new CaIT Fork
cot. r mine. r.. the Park City district.,
miDina" COI!Ip-"i. 1IIIlJ'Ti~ by ~
their pr-.rtieoI for ..:J estate developmellt
on the ..rface and by -kina: fin t.,...; nr to
""'Iop Mel uplono their alft ... a....Hine
CIA depoale.. In the Tintlc are.. KenMe"tt
MiDerais reduced output of ita n"" gold-
1Iil .., eopper ora aM then cloMd the TrWe
•
Mine, the .... produclnj: mine in the eli.
trict. In the iron Sprinp distrio;:t., output
from iron min. (, 77 d .. Utah', only atMl
plant curtailed production. The Colorado
Plateau arM al.:I .... afTeeted .. UraniWII
...... nd l.a..l willi the ' lion of ""'
""dear powerplallt <XmItnIctlon and .. de-
m'nd for ltl "nfdiuID cop,oduct, \IIIlId lIOII
an alla7inc Ide_Ill in iron and "", fell
liiC. uri", in,,",'" in jH6(:iouII metal pro-
duet.lon, bow ....., ••N -refleet«I in develop-
.......1 of the new hl.pte lilver mine in
0.,"1),. and the ....-I. ... cl the old
Floyd (Mercur) gold minin( .u.trid.
Minin, Co., a .,lwjdj,.,. 01 Getty
,
u·
piope:tt,.
piG :t ....
"" ' ,! 1r.... .Ken .......tMinetab~m
~ 1982, Chief Conaolidated conducted
a~........,.oItbe . . . mtbe~
'nD1le di·,kt. Oa No", mber II, 1982, Han.
Silver Min. lne. and Tintic Mineral fto.
_ " , . lDc. eomplrt.,;! a Ieue ""wmellt
wiLh Freeport MineralII Co.. a .,'bftcI"'Y 01
hoeport..McMoRan Inc., to upJon 244 pa,
lellted miIJ.lnjr eIaImo in the old San
Frandco minjngll*rid. for Ph" ioQo>I and
t-mdala
~lIlallon and Gov~"'''Mnt Pro,
.......- The MiIIiq and MiDeraI fte.
_tcM and ~ lDotitllte at the u....
ve,..ty ol UI.ah in Salt Lake City, .. hi(:h ....
cruted undeJn title 1II of Public La.. 95-87,
recei .... $150,000 In r-' :r-r 1982 for
operet.ions and , m 5 rch from the U.s. BIl,
rea ... of M~. In addition. the B... reau, by
IDIt&IV of a $1,280,000 p1UIt, .jeW! In the
stablWhment of. Pl•• ic rnlMral ted",,,I-
CIIY • E5Larch ~nter in oommln ... tion.
 '"
THt KlNCR 4L IHDU8TRY OF UTAH

IEVIEW IY HONfUlL MlNElAl COMMOOIiN$

. . .AU 0W'ned by Britiab l'et.rch1m Co. '"'" Utah

Copper Diy••t Bingham Canyon, 25 mil..
Be..,.Ulum.-BeryUium ore production d. -.th.-t of Salt t.ke City, inclL>de:l the
dined in quantity and Ylllue duriUlI982.111 ...,.ld', I..... open pit eoppe~ mine and
iul982 annual nlvAt, B...... W~l1""IIlne..,
the priDcip&l producer 01 berylliwn OAt in
pncipiwte plant.. su.teen mil,.
to tIM DOI"th
were thE: cunpany'. BonneviI I. ~
the United &.t.., nlport.t 159,000 po;IUnIiI and ,nndinr conoentntor and the MalP">
01 beryllium ... obtained from 91,000 tor. and Art.hUf flotaUon eoncentratorl capable
of bertrandi'" ore milled. .t Dett. in 1982, 01 trMtinc 108,000 t.c:M per day of ore; •
compared with 490,000 po;I''IIde rewa ...... ameI~ with an annual produet.ior: aoJ*'ity
hom 1 21 ,000~ in 1981. . 01 280,000 tau. Q/ copper ...ode; and •
0... COIlwillilll bertn>wlite, • hyd.- refinery with an annual cal*'itJ 01192,000
beryUium .m.... te, . . . opell pit mined (rom toni 01 oopper catbode.' Support facilities
the volcanic tutr beds underlyill( the topa included • 175,ooo.lUlowatt coal-fUeled
rhyoIito. on Spor Moullwn 11\ western J.w. pow.. plant; , W,OOO-ton-.........,... lime
Cow>ty.· DrilUnc OIl the JWOperty in 1982 plant; and m.1nWn·....., IIhope for repairina:
...~Ieol approrim"eJy 368,000 tone 01 .... 0 i ad Sol haula:p trucb, 80 l0c0m0t.iYel, tl eleo-
t-rtr-ndiw, P h . M 01 December 31, me Ibo¥eIB, 2Z rotI..,. drill rip. 1,000 on:
1982, the com~y .,.um.ted piO.ed bel'- cars, and otbel' equipment.. 'nI. Sohio 1982
trandite on: retenw to be 4,352,000 tou 10K Annual Report 10 the Sec:.:rit.ieL!L and
with an .¥enp Ilade 01 0.23'J1o. Comm - L::.. oboMed that
The on: ... tn ..... ed from the Topu-Spw Di ... mined
Mo"ntain .... to BnMII We llm.n', faeili- totw Q/ OAt to
U. neat" Daile for .... '" inl Jl\to. t:erylij.. '",,,,,,per hI 11182,
WD hydroxide corocentrate. The product ..... net toni of Ore
then ehipped to Elmore, OhIo, for eon ......
aloa to beryUilim aUoya, beryUia carunk,
and nt,Uk beryllium. The company•
..,ope'" Oft 8por Moo'llWn OOII'·inecl the
onb" U.s. nom_rda' ; . abertranditedot.,...
It. The .Ktractlon faeilit.iel have "" annual
.... padty 01112,000 tau. 01 0.-.:, aeewdin.a" to
the 1980 Bru.h Wellm. n IDe. 10K Annual
RepAt.. la • Iep&rat. in....t .t itt o.ItI.
P*" iUl plant, the company aleo _tel.
~, kand<CObbed be..,.1 ore oontalft.
iDB at leut 10'JI0 berylUWD oxide; bow • •••
m.:;:clifi"..tion 01 the I j I i i i " " \UIderQy in
1982 to 1Itm. .............. Inlnl .. liUl....
7'J1o beryUium 0Eida. BnIah Wellm·n COLLi·
tinued to ent:OIIn:ge the developI:nant rL

. ,"'-
domestic ~lu of be..,.l; beryl ....... wert!
imported primarily from China and Bruit

00;; Jr.-M the I . ' w dsepenecl ....

the market for coppe. dec.: 7 : • I, c:oppe::
production cIeo:Iinel. .bout 1I'J1o. Oontriblll-
ina: to the nearly 229& tlump in the YIIIut 111
eoppet produ.::tion .... the rall in the .......
ace Wlit pric:I fmm $0.85 per p""·nd in 1981
to$O.14 in 1982.
Ut./>'. prindpal copper producer .... tho
Utah Coppe!" Diy. of K. IIMO,"" Minerall
00., . . .,bejd l. ry of KemMott Corp., tJ.at
... acqui..... in 1981 by &,N1 ard Oil Co.,
.... Ohio oorporatioa (SotUo). Sobio _ 6O'JIo
 .. mDUA YUaBOOII: , 1982
'" notifted t.hat their petition to the U A
Dep.rtment 01 Labor for Iddition.al unem-
ployment benefit. was denied. Under the
TT.a. Act of 1974. if _ o(..ark could be
attributed to compet.etion {l'OlQ £oreip
e<lW\b ' U, f.. _c emplo,ee be'*"'lla ... ,Id
ha.. been utE " ~Ia
Other ~ ... ' producen In the State in-
cl~ the Midvale taili. . ptoject 01
Sharon Steel Corp. and the Trude Mine of
Kennecott Minerala.

~ t..-Vtah: 111M JI'r'G4.uo. (,eto' d at Ie) of ""'"

"7 aU_.
ce,.a'. !eM. ~ ai. . _t,-
.. ...
.-
....
::= - :- :-:--:.-::-::-:-:-:- :- -:-:-=== ,,= =
.:::. .'"'
' . •••

,,
- ~~--- --.-------­
a.MLMw
~----____________
- - •• - • • • +- - -_ , •• •• ••• ••• •••
• •• •
• • • •
~ ---- ..-.-----
.- .- -
•C,, '"
- - - .- -
!U!W!

" Pi<
ITU!I!
~
I!,m,_ j .",' syn,H?
~

1~:::I :-:-:--:.-: -: :-.:- :-:--: .-: .-: :-. =

----_
J~ .... _....
_______________
_ ---_
twlt.Ir.o __________ __ _

~
w
---·-· --·----- - --=oC·=__:c:==·=_--~·:------·=_--~"------
w
=-'-----_"·
-- ••w
"""' __________ ___ la,GlO " ,m lfl{l"'''' ..
• - " " ... - t ' ' £ .P .... · . _

'hble I._Utah: MiM ~uctlooo ( ~) otfoW.aih'l!I", ct;; IS , ....., .... lline

In 1181, lIy~" ofore or ocher _ree _terlal
- - - - - - - -- - - - - -- - - - - - - - ' -- - -... d7~~
:=
.:::..... -
(

-
00-
E~ )
-
--

--
 •• •• --
•• •• •
~ -------------------- •
GoN..-Gold output declined 2S'lIt .. the meDt. Inc. of Johuon Matthe)' • Co. Ltd..,
C09I4' ind...try curtailed production; in toMar. ~ .. • .. ,.ucted • &'Old and
Utah, aoId .... tl>e __ impoxtant byphd.. River rel""mery 011 • ?? 7 'e lit. in s.J.t I..h
lid. of copper output.. Tbe 87'l1t drop in the Valle)'.. Jobn.., Maw..,- Ret1ninc Ine. .....
value of anld productkJn .... al80 .tt.rib.t- . to opet.te the . .t&ool~ lacilit)' and
.bie to • fall in the • .........., unit prioe of bevin productim early in 1983. Built .t •
rold from $469.64 per troy ounce in 198\ to colt 0($5.3 million, the plant w"
to have an
1376.91 in 1982.. Tbe s ...·continued to ruk lnitia.l annual capaci1)' of 1 mi.llion "'mC
third in U. N.d,,.,.'. sold. output, 1IiIll of rold and 4 aUllio11. 00.'" la of ail..-. and
Kecmeoott Miaerall' Utah Copper Di .... . IlItimate annual ca..,at)' ... p oj I cted .t s
the priDcipal prod::"., .. Other produce ..... in million oou". of pld and 14 oou..... cl
d.dini"r order of output, iDc:l...ted the . . lih...... Feed ..... to be obtained from p ....
calan.te Mine of Rancbera and !.he 'f'mie civu. metaJs operat.iolUl in the weat and

.....
Il1WI Iron Bk om Min. of Kennecott MiD.. I"ronl aold and aUver ecrap produced in

Getty MinIJll" P" Ir ied with. ~

It. aold miDe.t Merccu, TooaI. County,.o
manllfact\1riq eIectronks.. Aw.,.aim·tely
n....,..
100 .-pie ...... to be employee! w1 the

... j' • ....u...... of Salt I..b Ctty.. Site
~ Il1WI r-emooval of ovmburden
neared completion during 1982. By Novem ..
ber, the t _i1inp clam ..... 70'l1t flnlahed. tile
~ ..... 60"- oompl~ and 1M
pm "nl' plant .... 401L completed. u.u.
open pit mininr methodio and q-anlde Nech
aM. carbon __ IV;'" pte, la..tz,pted. r...
enracting mie.omet.eHised rold, the COlD ..
pany &oeheduled prodlletmn to besin in micI..
1988. with the mill ~ It.! 3,ooo..toa..
pel'day d I . ilP' capacit)' by ,.arend .. Them
...111;'" pnja:t ........... pecled to ,_,&
80,000 OO'''':Z ofrold per yew for 14 JeftlL
Tbe nllmber of worken emplo)'ed dllrilv
the eon.truetKm phaM varied from S50 10
Iron Ore .... &!!I._ In 1982, Iron ore
O\ltput declined iiharply in tonne.. ud in
value N prodtlOe!1l in the Iron Sprinp
minin&' difiriet, Iron County, .Iult down or
""rt.aillld tbo!ir opedd_ Unti.l mld-t982,
United St ... Steel Cwp.. direct ahi pped •
hematitlc iron .... from its MounIalD Lion
optD pit mine on IIUl Mountllin to the
United State. Steel Gene¥. Worb near
Onm, Utah Connty; the latter half of the
,...., .Gene<r..... IUWlied with bOIl ore
~Uetl from the company'. AIJantM: Cit)'
MI .... M&I" I ....... Wyo. CFA.! Steel Corp..
.. hM:h t..d ..rupped Iron ore lroon the Com ..
I7iock Mine to It. I7ieel plant in Pueblo.
Colo., and Ut.h lntemationalInc.•• wbsid ..

...
600; \lI\de. filii produd.loo, aalaried arid
houri)' workerl wen eapected to nw:aber

Aocordine: to the Getty Oil Co. U)K &-

.. port, oaw,.,r. MacNaughton _ltanlZt
i.ary of General Electric Co., which hid
IhIpped iroD on. w =enu.te.lrom the Iron
Sprinp ddl kt, ...... l7but down In 1982;
Ut.h Intero,rn -I put it. " ....ntmtorl up
n

for wale. 'nIe lee ion, de... t wu1 _ _

dim'led that .. of December 31, 1982, tb!"
depot.lt contained 6.86 millmn Ihort tons of
proved and U million abort ' - of proba-
ble , • • ,a~ 0 ..09 00._ of soW
... M ·tton.
Durint: 1982. ,Ioh_ Maw..,- In......
ti .... ud CIOnatnJetion ind...triN, and rom .
petition with foreip importa were cited ..
the I ! ""'II for the decline In Utah'. Iron
wnd ...1iDd.\lI1:ry..
The (lelA'. Worb clUriited Bt.wl.a Steel
operated at .... , U)' reduoed rate, oI\eo
536 "[Nuns YBARB()()J[ , 1982
reduced to Opel.tint 1 at 3 bl.ut. l'um_
and lor 2 or 10 open-hearth fumlCPF. The
.tructurallteel mill ..... down:."d the hot-
Nip mill, .1Uch produced pia", and bot-
rolled til' 7t and ooila, w" .. ated a'
reduc.d Ievele. Of' .pp..... im.teb" 4,700
......kenI nannan,. mlPoiecl at the plant,
DMrl1 1,100 hid beeD laid oft' " ' _ the
",m..,. or 1981. Some ,""",MIl weAl reeall-
eli 8pGt +1;ully .. 'II'Ork "'",,!lM • .,aUable.
Unitfd &..* Steel u ... ""ni-e:rI Ita Gene-
va WorD _ Onm and ibl Plt~
Worb at PlttIbo&rg. Calif'~ Into • am,le
ope. 'i'lg entity 10 imPCO'6 pl .....ling and
....,.dtnation 01 production. MOlt at the.tee:!
prod1lO!ld at ItA ptaat itr. Utah . . . lhipped. to
c.tifornia £or !jn;"hjnl into .. variety of
fIheet product. web as eolcl-rolIecI shl.bo,
plv""bed aheet., and tin plate.
In environmental matter.. ~ at
the Geneva Worb developed aD adv-NM
technique to Moppo: ""i-jone fl"Ol:D the
~ eMl ......, . aDd oputenTlh
tappinr oper.tione The !leW ' .... ooloCi
.... ea:piiCted to _~ mwe tlwt $16 mllt~
in poIlution-<XIntrol ~ reduw em-.
IIiouby 31,., and co.t $2 to 53 million I_
to operate. Uftder. 1981 U.s. 0I.t.rid. Court
00II1 .t w.a, the oomp8D1 had "ill~ to
in••n poIJutioo ''''''UoI. eqw.,......t at. co.t
fIl IIIOre thaD m mllljon The Ea'l'itoD-
Ph : : tioo Aae=7 aDd Ullited
: ~~7 -ed the U.s. Court
~ ...
to
radillll to Denver. Loa
and the p.,;r", Northwwt. The
~ -..
'"
• $6.3 million
poIJrtion-oontt'Ol bond . .\Ie for • dUBt-
.....n ... tioo pi ojecl and. $1 million industri-
al ft\'eII\Ie bond iIIIue for NI.IOOr'. f'lrmouth
p",jed.
-un ...
...,........ --- ..... p&o,ord
at tha. plant. The N _ GriDdiDg B&ll Di",
at Bricham City, 8tarted up late in 1981,
IIOld ibl prod...:t to the minina: incIuIIt..,..
About 20 people we ... employed at tru.
, "1 _Utah', 1ead prod1.tCtion plUJ!>-
meted to. f,·
1m of ill 1981 output. Only
_ 011: lItor ill the 9catI lhipped ......11
'lNIO,nt of 1ead from ill mine ill Utili
CowIt)'. NOI'IIlda Mini"l: lnc.• • ",bow'ry
of Noruodi Min" Ltd~ ClnM·, ended ill
uploration PI OR. am at the Ontario Mine in
the Park City mining diII.riet, Summit
Count)'. Noranda ... Utili', ~ I .
producer in 1981. On JI.lliW')' 29, NOI'IDda
laid tJIf"
Dllted itl ll
workeR and. 011 April 20, t.mi-
with Ulllted Park City Min.
Co. Unlt.ecI Part ... granted • 2.,.,., ~
tion to ~ the 750-ton mill and other
facilitic. Pumpina' ope1&tlon. at the Ont.ar-
io, ho .....er, wen ended ill April R:nmp-
t.ion ofOjil ••tioMdq ...,4eoj 011 metal 1** ,
lIOI:ri"l a d _ rocIr. _ w1 i t ion.. JIOUIId-
tel' ptol: h-. and the ,.....ntial adoa ..
impact of the JordaDelIe Dam Ilbuilt ill the
...... Nonuw!. at.o lermillated ill ' -
'fri!h the ad,i.-t Park City eoa.otidated
Min_ Co. fw uplon.tion 011 the old 1IiJ_
lead-sinc prope! t)' that bad been donnant
for ~,.,.. The piopert)'''' openecl from
the Ontario Dnin T"mw' and a drill iii-
tiOII . . . Pie:- e:d ..,. ...., It82. ... DO
uplor.tory drillinr'" becuD.
.........a.-AMAX RpeMa'ty
Corp., M"",cium Div" a ...'.,Il• .,. of
Vet._
AMAX 1nc., operated the N.tion', 'nld
.... gElt, the world'a third lat.!!!, magne.
mum p].nt .t Rowley, ~\e Count)'. "..
plant ....... ed mac,. iWII rrom the briM
of G..,t Salt lAb that .... pwnped into
one of the ~ (~.OOO_)IOW pondt
in the W IlLin Hrmilpbeh. 'Ibe brine
we ... cxmcentnted by lOW evaporation and
P'O' I: Jed to m,g' ;11M ehloride. The 1DIg'
nmium chloride was lleparated into magne.
.;um and ehlorine by ai«trol";" IUId the
m ... ·: . . . eutinto ·
Tbe 1982 pI.nt '
ss.ooo tona of I
buwaie/,
...... '"
10K Repuot,
 TID MINKIl4L INDUwn.,. 01' UTAH

tollowine ":':;:~~!Ranchen ~red

,,
= i p d ! Of t,t. 100 .....ten
-r' J oJ at. ... ., H"', appi"'i",rte'.y
8D ........ Wi! fill.". yearend.
n,b' ! _'nEe Utah 0wel Di...
.. " 'to'" obbdto..."."EH&Itr.&et
I Illed • • "' ....·IGfitlt Ii: pro-
, ,t'oo Utah ,.,.hed thlnI ID the N" ; )j' ID
r:r ')'.... "2 IF I .uu-.p the q..• ... ity
....... wed ......1 : I .bout ......rawth, the
...... '" &bat output pin;; J M the UU.....
. . 0'...... price, ..... p.md ' " ~IUII
• 'Ne'IDln"............ ':lDOI\ybdieoricle
r.u.. is ': It.
-"" ......
1,099,199 .~''''''!2
136,-436 tcae '" - .
.........
-
: il
"'ore.nth an "61116 lliide "'12.5 O'N
per ten. U .... ec.ckl..binl, a 1'Driwtion 01
t.ha wrtical c:rate .. _ t mininl method,
the "nde'I'ounci IIliDe prod.uoed 680 IIbort
tcae "'ore per daj-, 1\ cIaye per • El., and
piII1ped appoxi.-ataJy 22,000 ,.u- of
_ ..... minute. "umtJ$ ID the . . . .-I

,
At $he Pine 01 C"' porphpy iDCl,rbdenu.m
.. l'itlDu.._tnlWahWahMcunWne
ID a tI .. BIa... CoolCty, Gett) Oil, man·
",lOeb '" the ...tar for irripUon. and the
_ .... pply nowad '-k IDto the ender-
f"OI.Ind i .m.oir, Other facllitlel at the
..... '" the PUle (hC06 .... ....,;·tee joint propeo I:) included a 15O-tcn-pe!'-day mill,
_ tar. with Phelpa 1\·"6 Corp.. mut rer..".,.,., mainten ' ' - abop, _Mw , _
....... the as" atOw p'; I . . . .b" ID 0.. ..,. laboratory, dwnp I ........ and off......
I I ! • DwiIIc the , ........on aew In 1982, the m i....... p¥yfJd '" worb ... the
.... _tinued ID the PIne ",m, 2'1; the refiftery, ~ and the adminu,u.-
I.ion and clerical ~ 2'1 ,'
In late November 1982, Kennecott Miner-
at. .u.pe00ed operatk>cw at itlo 'nntk DiT~
TrWe Mine; a ppcoi", - wI, 15 hcu.rly and
lOaalaried -un WU'O! laid otr. Shutdoae

.,.- ~

of which
oftbe mine left QO ~ prochnnl mi_ ill
the Am iet. A Ilihe.-pd-copper flu. 111M
IlhIpped from the TrixIe to Kennecott'. Gar-
rMId _Iter.
V.....tiIUll..-V.nedjlUll .... i • >end
hom IU"ni" ......... wtiUJII _ ml!led. _ the
CoIondo Plateau and lhipped to the AU.
O:.rp. mill-.- MoU, Gnmd Ol"etT. to the
ElDeTgy Fu.ekN"dur lnc.. mill at Blanding,
San J ..... County; or to the Union Carbide
Corp. mill at Ura1'llll. Colo. Utah "nhd
: E'cud '" fuur SCa* prod.1M:i nr .... nadium
ill the N-tion ; prod!id.>on, l_ "lO a l , declin-
ed 12'J:i, in q..... tiq- ......'"'Get *" Ii!. ... __
o."tp..ot has" 1M fr'OIC the millica: ...... ~
ni" OWII ..... from llldepondent
, Garf'.eJcI, Grand. .....

;~,~ DiT. of Au.. Corp.

~
the Bia" Indi'" cIietricl,
0 . - Ri __ Ajec ict, s... J ..... Ca.nyoo,
U ........ Minu.a. Belt, Red ea.n,on. .....
White Ca.nyoo .... of Utah ..... ColoracIo,
and a III'IUliUlO-VtO""dium pux ina: mill
tIl 1,100,000 &W>mi_t.!y' mU' fr'OIC NMh , AI un-
& - pi: 'II 1110,000 niam...ta.&l' : dlDJaacaryl98Z,tbe
.... at_ .... 7

, I .u-lIIio:io!li!.itoe _.....,. ph : ' . . . . ' j ic. S ......

n

ILeal,... 'j 1 " - Ill, lli8Z; Ii!. tile PI.', Vb PI 12 -217 ~ 01 O.

 ·58
Hi.,.. aDd Combem VIM - . . MoIItbU"
and reduced P"Oductioil ... -~ Pt....». M i ...
......
...... '.Sel 'It.. , lhliM cin:ult r;tI the
M..b IIlill cIow ... b\It
.eo.,:.. 1982
1982, cited
vanadiu.m
rio'; . City; and Martin Marietta Corp:, 650,000-
: droppd from III aver-
' pound ill. 1981, to an , .... rage
ttOlUtflAU
.uphall (N"'") and OUwr 81'''.... nL-
"'"pbaltite, ...., .... u.... Ji1eonite or u..in~
hite. "' • ...tidiI\ed. hydrocarbon mined from
Dearly ¥8I'tical ""Ina Mar Bon'nz' Ui.ntah
County. Ame.1caLI GiWonile Co.,. diYkion
of Chevron R :! AlrteI Co. (a lut.idiary of
Sta ndard Oil Co. Gf California) mined ill-
IODite at ita t"opert1 about 50 mile1lO\1th-
east or Veil -1, A unique YKUIUI1 .,..wm
carried the IDllterial to the ourf_ wheta
it _ "lied and ahipPed to _men!
-.or\dwide. The ~ cileon.lle .....
..-I in paiDt and ink; the ~ral.pw pc !
grade .... auitable faT oil ....11 oementilli
•
.
of November 29, 1982,
Westen> SUa\.eiii: ....t.i.m.ted probable re-
...
_ .w of 103,000 to\Wof ,u.onite on lUI 121}.
acnt W~ "-e, 93,500 10M on lUi 280-
aen AI .... m. Hue, and 7),428 to ... 011 n.
()ottM..-lJ-. all in the Uintah e Fri"
eu•• nt.-Portland ".,."..,t prodUCO\'rl in
Utah, l~ in... endilli0l'der oloutput ill
1982, included Ideal P='e Induet...... Inc.
with ite aw,ooo.ton-peT-)'eIU' capacity wet-
POOC plant lit DevibI Slica. Morpn COID_
FFF
ty; Lone Star lodustrieIlne.'. ClO,QOG.tOft.
per-,... __ poOl: piarlt at Sell l£U
toD-per-yeu dr)'-PlOC plant at I erming-
-,
ton, Millard County. In 1982, .rupmento of
IP'.Y r,nllhed portland _ n t ma .' TEd
"'"
m'\h,&,the_
ment ....... Jh .,' one, aandttone, gypIIum,
~. iron ore, and tlaf, Energy IIOIll'CM
.....:t at the plants included o;hiefIy ....tu. .....
r-. foUo.ed by elecl.rical _1'1)', bitumi-
...... ooaI, aDd • _.11 .......
ont of fuel oil.
Reedy-mh COalponi" _tnoetors, WDCttle
manutKtIlftR, buildiDc _rieJ dde....
Pd h~way contn<:torw were the principal
 53.
U8eI'8 of the product. in Utah, kl,.bo, _them Wyvrning; and
C\aJ'a.-Common clay thale mined by most of California, Nevada, and o.egon.
Utelite Corp., Summit County, WM..-I in Gyp.um ..... alJo mined by Cos. Enter-
concrete block and IItnIetoraJ. COIICr"ete and priIIeII Inc.. ilI!8I" Levan, Sanpete o,unty, and
by lntet"pace BricltCorp. in Utah County for by White Mountain Gyp8U.III Co. near Fill·
lace brick.. Mountain Fuel 0,.', f1,t. id iary, mono, Millard County.
lnterltate Brick Co., mined clay and shale Ume.-I.ding quicklime producers in
for face brick at its Cottonwood pit, Salt the State included Utah Marblehead Ume
Lake County, and Five Mile pit, Tooele Co., a f1,oodi,.,. of General Dynami('ll
County; and (or floor and wall ceram.ia M Corp., with opelatione in the I.ak.icJe
'II'e.ll as face brick at Ita Hen&f"er pit, Snmmit Mountaina, Tooele County; Utah Copper
County, and Jim o.y pit, Utah County. Div. of Ken_t, s.tt lake o,unty; Gel>-
Martin Marietta mined and. ....Ie for ortar Cement I: Lime Co., • subAdla.,. of
Genstar Corp., Toronto, <And .. , Tooele
County; and Continental Ume Inc., a 8Ilb-
.;d;• .,. of Stee1 Bros. Canada Ltd., Millard
County. Gwnar Conwmt principally pr0-
duced • hydrate of lime that wulDlU"btecl.
(or _ as finiebin,lime in the COlI8tnIction
iDd\lBtrJ'. H ..... production in the State de-
clined 14% in qwmtity and 9% in mile.
MqiLMI.,. c..-p.u..... Gn.t s.tt
lake IIIineraIII I: CbamlcaIs Corp., • dlvi-
&011 of Gulf" Reaoun:ea I: Cbem;,.... Cmp~
ok- ined mEIP' ium chJcniode and other
pnxlw:tB {,..,.., the brin8I oLGrNt s.tt Lake
west of Ogden. Mop 'Iium chloride in bit-
tern&, the fina1 product 01 the 1IDlar-evap-
IIf1Ition pi'< ..... I>IIed prindpally as ,.
. • '"
.
duet IlUppt Tent lor loeda BDd iPdustrial
_ BDd in the S"pr-tFFt piOCFl ing in-
sphen, wiU!. a rated annual production dustry. In 1982,. {..:illt,. wu romplet.ed (or
capacity of6(l million brick equivalent.·
Gy.. u...._ Unit.ed State. Gyp'!lm 0,. aru:l pnxl"dn, • purified JTade oL maglleeium
chloride to be ~ in the tutile and deter-
Georgia-Paclflc Cnrp. continued as prindpal gent indU1tri81 aDd {or manufacturing B
producen of crude and calcined lIYP"um in D>BgDeIIi.um chloride flaktl ueOO as a fire
the State. United Stal.ell Gypsum trucled retardant. Sel_ofthe commodi.tyinCI65 d
crude IIYP"UIn from a quarry 1 mil. north- 44% in 1982..-
east. of its Cl"U8hing and PlOC ening (acilities P~rlite.-Tbe Mountain MBid Inc. perlite
,.t Sigurd, Sevier County. Employing at>" mine near Fillmore, Mill.rd County, wBII
proxlm8tely 14 workers at its Utah proper- inactive durintl; 1982. Perlite _ ehipped
tieoo, the rIml manufactured a complete line {rom out-of-StBte for expansion at the Pas
of wallboud and IIOIne ready mix at Sigurd. 0,. plant in Sslt Lake County and at the
Geo:t,ia-P8cif"1C trucked lYJIIIum ore from Georgia_Paciitc plant .t Sigurd. ~ded.
its mine 9 mil. to the northeaat to ito perlite WBII eold for _ in horticulture,
milling and ploo:ning plant. at Sigurd. plaster .ugB1e, mBIIOIIl)"fi.l1 u..ulation,
The ra.t ed annual capacity of the Geo!aia- and other product&. Quantity and vlllue of
PacUtc wallboard plant w.... 16(1 million output deCl , 9" d subetantiBlly in 1982.
aquare feet; holqver, the company lepoJ:ted Puphate Rod< Che->.OD Reeouroes
production declined 30% beca..., of !be open pit mined phoephe.te rc<:k.t its Brueh
downturn in conatruction. Some gypsum Creek operation 12 miles north 01 Vernal,
was bagged for use in cement and apicul. Uintah County. Aequirecl by Otevron R&- ,
ture. About 115 work..... were employed at Il(MlroeI!I in Dooember 1980, the llite hM been
the Geotgia-Padrtc operation in 1982- a 8OIIr08 of phosphate rc<:k for 22 yeara. Ore
The United State. Gypsu.m marketing w.... cruMed a t the mi- it.. and tranllport-
area oovered Utah, W8IItem Wyomiag, ad through a to-mile slurry pipelintl to tho.!
8O\lthem Idaho, and weltern Colon'~ mill lor further crushing BDd PI"" llii"ijl by
Geo'&i&-PaciI">e marketed its pnxl"""" OIl not.tion. Cw-centrateli were tnlCkad to the
the "L!tem lIIope of the Rocky Mounteiu; nUl terminal at Pboston, north of Heber,
.... MlNDAL8 YVR8O(II:, 1982
W_tch Q!olnt,". lor ihlpment
lor maallf.:turiq fertllj 11.
I . ihel'ffllll
1bI brineo....mo CO)E""'~ in. primary
_poraUon P""i woeri.l!c 8,000 - . Po-
taaillml&lu _re tw ,,,'1Id and P"
thrwch • not.tion COlICIInt.nlto.. to .p"rate
w Cen..!. the Mm. (lr\lIriate ~ IIOdiUlrl) and II.Jlrile
(1I1I..;_te of pat"b).'
lay Tn.Nrulf•• ' ''t.jdj • .,. of SoeI6t6 Nlfim..
i. ale Elf Aquitaine (a 67", French G<1vem.-
m"nkontrolled oil COInpany), retO\'eI'ed po.
ta.ium alta at it. Lane CrMIr. ~
' - T Moab. Grand Count,.. PenM)"lqnjan
Age "".porite. ........, lOIution Iftin«l at •
depth of 2.,789 feet; the bt'mM wenI then
wapon.ted GIl ..w- ponck and the ..It,
hanwt.«t and Pi.... d bJ flotation to
l&W le, ........ h and bjptwuo;t ..Jt. Du.rinc
the yee.t, Teaugulf pt"OtNted an Itot, inr
State 2 7 ! I I ptope.", I,. . Tbt eompulY
pointed out itll atten>pt.t to develop. ,,_
mlnin( technHjue for tappiDa _ " _ b&-
yond the old unde'j,wnd mlM. The 0rigi-
nal l"OOID4rId-pilier mine . . . _ ... rt.ed to
.... ution mini"&" in mid· l971 .
8e/t.-The qlWltity IIi Ml.t prodw:ed. m
UtU, chc!;ned m 1982 bec.". 1 at _..,.
,.'n', 11 that diluted en.pontioa 1--'''- and
bec._ ot fI ......;D. that. hd • •. , . _
compen'" aalt ItocZpiIeL Salt IOld 01" u.ed,
how ••••• iact E2 2 : d ill quaDtit}' and T&lue
_ that ot 1981. SoIanaIt produeorr. in
1982lne1uded American Salt Co., 8oJ., Dii.,
T~. Cowrty; G...., Salt I.u Mmer.la,
Weber County; Lab Cry.tal Salt Co., Boz
E'der Coomty; LabpoiJIt Salt Co., • dirillion
at Domtaz" Ind.-h '" IDe.. r-J. c...mty;
Mortoa Salt Co., • clio *>" 01 Mortoa-
Thlolr~ lDe., Salt Lab County; and
,...,.. C\llf, Grand <)ollnt)'. Redmond Clay
and Salt produced roclr. aalt and brine ill
Se.ler CowItr. and· Moeb; Brine Co. (l..s.1
Oil Co.) .eoole.ed salt from brine in Chand
County. or the 16 Stat. producin& oaIt,
Utah ranked 11th.
8u4. ..01 Gra..cL S·nd aDd,...vcl. pro-
ctuctioa ill UN State declined in 1982.
~ -"" • I'NIIlt cI tbe __
...
....
Utah, &oK meier, .
,i i.ngt.on. Iron, W_teh. aDd
b,dl nr COIWI.noction aand aDd ,...vel pro-
 THE KINERAL INDUSTRY OJ' UTAH 54 1

dlJ(:el'll provided 71% u the produced betwocn 300,000 and 600,000 tons

-.
State, while each, Or 36%. Ei8hty-eight percent of con-
mentsand the struction SWId and gravel Wall chipped by

bwllUtri<JL Salt Lah Valley Sand &

Gravel Co. produced induatrial sand and
jp'8Ve1 in Utah County for woe in enjIine
produced between 25,000 traction and aand tol - pting.
ton. elich, or 61%; and 5 operal.onl

,.,
Vo.
::

I ' TI>tal
55oo1 _ . ._.________
. . . __ ____ u u u __
_____ u _ _ _ _

Onuodtotol .... ,_ .' ______ ____ _ ~.

• • •

'hble 8.--Utall, COutnldion ....d and JI'S"I .... ld or uftd in 1982,

by ....;or u,.. apt"",,..,.

-
Vo. Vo.
::

r.&I. ...._ ___ ____ ___ ___ __ __ ______ __________ ___

"'" "~
'"

Sodium Sullate.-Great Salt Lab Miller-
a!J; l'i.lCOVered PPOdium PIIlIlate Glauber's
l1li
salt from the brines of Great Sait LUe,
west of Ogden. Although output during the
year declined, the value of that production
inc~ 14%. The product w8S801d chiefly
to paper, detergent, glMo, and ceramic in-
dustries.
Stone._To reduce reporting burdens and
COIta, the U.s. Bureau of Min.., implement-
ed new eanvasaing p!oceduret for its ,up:..
ve}'lP of !tone producer!l in 1981. The !PU1'TtO}'lP
will be conducted for odd·numbered years
only, and only preliminary estimates for
crushed and di.menlion !Itone prodUCIion
will be published for even·numbered yea ....
The preliminary estimates will be revised
the following year.
Cm..Md.- Following a nati"nwi~ trend,
COIllItruction in the State declined, and with
it a decline in cl'UM>ed !tone production and
value. It was estimated that production
decreued by 12% and value decreased by
19%,
DiIMn.<ion. -Aco::ording to preliminary .....
timates for the year, the production and
value of dimension stone remained about
the same ... that or 1981.
Sulfur.-chevron Oil Co. recovered oul·
fur from its operation in Davia County.
 .. 2 KlN£lL\l8 YUIlBO()K, 1982

VfnII'-liI.., (Ed'oIlatal).-No C!'\Ide __

mkulite ... ml _ in Utah: t..... hel, Ver-
miallite Intermountain Inc=. nIoliated vet"-
mkulit.e .hipped in froro out-d.statoo
_rca. The product ..... u.ed drlefly for
block and l~nU imulation; flftlproofms;
mo6",. CODerete, and p/Mter ",'ega*:
and fer horticulture.~

==
Table '.-Principal prod llaR

~~

......_---
_n.'" ____ n_______ __ M i '
QuLi_ODd planL u ____ _

__ . ... n__ __________ _ a.!\1.eI!e.

, 0.- ... _ ............ __

__ ..... n____ ___ ______ --.
_ .VIU.
_LoU.

w-..(2o,:r()o.' _____ _
0,.. ... _ ............. ____

Opooplt .. ~ -- --- -----

_
=
......
...

-
--
1l1ll _ _ s...1Io

_.
_ ....... a.,.. UT ..tot

,--
U_ _ CiE 7770.,_ -,.
!IipnI, UT N6iI _n . .... __ __ nn __ ' _ ___ •

U .iIoII ""' ... _

v.h0r01\*.'"
Ootp"
UIoI! 1"10, ........ r..o
7

___ --
-~-
_.,
Ctdar CitJ'. ur84710
CtdarOt•• UT,,71O
Opoo pit-----------
._0'
"001.«111-
_ LoU CiIy. Ill' SOJ'I
-~
O. ' -.... u r _
_n.'" _____ n_______ _
as_I:ZIIIIW...
_ ..... aty.UT .. U. _ ".,~~5·_""""'_nh
~_'"LEIII""01_
~

:1; j . • jili
11 ,i ! I1 d ~ , i J j ~ 'i !l!j~]l]

I i It
,
,,
,,
,,
,
"" 1 ,' if. ',
'"
""
"
"
;:;.
M l ',
,t
I

J i i t 1.1.1
Iti' ~: tIjl 1
i
1 1.. t ii f;>J
1 l :! i !::>J::>
~ II') ~ ~ ~
I. l I.
. , ~
1" i 1. •.i
s - i• 'e ' , 8
In! !
~ ~ ~
!!;_j "~~Il::>
~ ~

! • f
ll~~'t
,~m. d
B
S
"! l~ 15!~! 'i
~I..~ ~Ilil I. II
It is EfS I
ill i]
d 1
II
i!:.
~4

;1
i
•lfsl~.
1 1
4

,
~
1
j
g
;11lI4~ ttl 1 ~'1 11 ! ~ !
• t
l •
, .'!
I •
,

•
The Mineral Industry of Utah

By Lorraine B. Burgin'

..,rute~
NaUonally. the State ranked 1A in value
of gi180nlte and beryllium hydroIide pno.
duction; 2d in wpflCr, potaah, and vana-
dium; 3d in gold; 4th in lilver and molyb-
denum; and 11th in value of all IIOI1fIleI
mine ...... produced.

-
T.we I.-Noafuellllineral produdlon III Utah'

- .,
~,

.-
,
-- - ., .- ,-
',. -
w;
"
~ _m~
~~
....
."'...,. ,.....• "......., ...,.•
D ,ns

...
m .~
m ,~ ~
,~

W , • -, •
,= •• •W
16,1Zl

.......•" ....
--, ".• "'"
'M' 21:115 'm ="
"'1:
-• ,-- .....• ~

~.
12.15'1
'':::

529
The Mineral Industry of U tah
Thl. chapte r hM been prepared under a Me mo randum of Understandin , between the
Bu reau or Mint •. U.S. Department of the Inter ior. and the Utah Geo Lor\ea t a nd Min erai
S UrYty (or eolleeli ~ Info nnation on all nonrut ' mi nerals.

By Lorraine B. Burgin'

The of nonfue) mineral production
roee from million in 1982 to ~657
million in . The increa.lll! was partly
attributed to • new gold mine brought on-
fltream during tbe year, a new silver oper-
a tion that attained full production, and an
Improved COnttr uetion industry.
In order of value of output, Utah', prinei·
pal oommoditiea were oopper, gold, ailver,
portland cement, potassium tailJl, IUllt, phos-
phate rock. ooratruction tand and gravel,
native IlSphalt (gi1800 ite). and lime. Among
the State!!, Utah ranked lint in Kil80nite
and beryllium hydroxide production; IJIeOOnd
in copper. pol.a8h, and vanadium; third in
gold; and (olUrth in silver and molybdenum.

Table 1._ NoD lnel mineral production In Utah'

.- ,~

.
, ..
...... - ....
"" ,-
'"
....
'" ,-'". ,_';I

... ..
, ,n ' .......
, .......
,. '"
169,761

- ,,,,, ,..-
~
114.NO m4j$

u. ..,,, 1 ~1!1 m
W
1,57t °111,800
• • ...," •
"" ,..
14m
'UOO
• "" '.~
•
.....
"'"
•
T-.J ________________ _________ _ __ __ • ____ _

54 1
 THE MINKRAL INDUSTRY Of' UTAH 543

Table 3._lndicator. of Utah bu. lneu activity _Contlnuecl

,....
r _______ mlllionL. _
."
....
111.790 114.118
SUM fi'" ."
:!
...., +."
1(.011
,, ~
1111..
w
...,", '" .U+•.•
.~

, ___ n n ___ n n n

,.
..,;m....

.
",..,
...
- 8: " U.s. ~ 01° _ Ita, UA lloopartmofttolt.t.o.. HiI:J;->, aM'-'", c...tnoctIooI N _:.... aM
U.S . _uol lol_

.00

TOTAL

600 I-

..... .'
-'. '" .....
...... ...... '.
.
300 I-- .. ' COPPER ••••••••••
••••••••

I , , ,
0, .=,,"-- --- L_C",.:l8"0--L_J__L - --''-:.85
Flpre l.-Value: of mine production of co!per and total value or nonhlel mineral
production n Utah.
.44 MINERALS YEARBOOK, 1983
As a percentage of totaJ nonfuel produc·
uon, Utah'. metals output declined 'lightly
from about 71% in 1982 to 1_ than 70% in
1983. Copper, tbe mOilt Important commod i-
ty, oompri&ed nearly 63% of the metahI
I&COl'ered in the Sl.ate and lea than 44% of
the total value of nonfuel minerals. Al-
tbaugh copper output declined, the State
produred 16.4% of the Nation'. copper, with
Kennecott'. Utah Copper Div. the principal
producer. Gold, eflver, and molybdenum
continued as important byproclueu. (rom the
Utah Copper Div. ope ....tion at Bingham.
RanCM", E.r.ploration and Development
Corp.'a Etcalante lilver mine and Getty Oil
Co.'. Mereur gold mine raised Utah'. pre-
cioua metals output; the State produeed
.lmOlt 12.2% of the Natiou'. gold and
10.5% of itll lilver. Declinet ..... ere noted in
molybdenum, as the Utah Copper Div. cut
back ita molybdenum circuit, in iron ore 8!1
United State. Steel Corp. shipped only from
stockpilel, and in byproduct vanadium as
uranium oompaniell .laIhed production.
Lead production ceased in 1982. and no !ine
had been produced aiDce 1981.
In the Donmetalll lfl'Oup, production in-
tn'p'ed as the construction ind uatry im-
proved.. The leading commodities in value
were portland cement and ~um aaJta;
followed by aaJt, ph<lliphate rock, coratruc-
tion land and gravel, gil"'oUte, lime, and
crushed .tone. Output of potaMium saltll,
...
gilBonite, dinH!naion .tone, and I18le declin-
fund. and l)evelopment:l.-Mining con·
tinued in the doldrume as coal, copper, and
uranium failed to recover from the 1982
'ec"F Jlion. The bi&gellt decline!! in value of
nonfuel production were in iron ore, follow-
ed by vanadium, molybdenum, dimension
.tone, and potasBium aaltt. The copper in·
duatry, however, IWItalned the heaviest l~
In value of the nonfuels, more than 117
million in 1983. Aleo in declining order, the
Industriea dropping in production value in-
cluded potaaium aa1ta, vanadium, molybde-
num, iron ore, dimension atone, magnesium
compol1l1d3, aaJt, and masonry eemenL Fae·
ton affectiD&' Utah's copper indU8try in-
cluded the depr_rEd market and pricea,
competition with imported copper, and the
need for moderniWig to inCl'MBl! productivi-
ty at the Nation', large!!t copper operation.
The State', only integrated steel plant ....as
operated at one-half capacity, partly be-
caUIIe of competition with Japenl!l!e importll
on the west ClOUt. The Iron County iron
mine. were permanently clOIled at more
cost.-effective taconite pellets were shipped
in from the steel COmpany'. Minnee~
propertiBII. Recovered In Utah l1li a byprod-
uct or uranium production, vanadium l uf-
fered both from a deprcES!d steel indlDtry
and from lleVf!re cut"'ch in Colorado Pla-
teau uranium operationa. With the contin_
ued .Iump in steel, molybdenum markets
and pric8I failed to recover lignificantly.
Heavy precipitation, flooding, and the
aCCOfnpanying rile in the level of Grut Salt
Lake affected the magnesium, potaeh, and
aaJt indU8trie. OIl the shores of the lake, and
output from the potaeh and salt industries
W81 cut allI>OI!It on.fourth.
Improvement In the construction indWl-
try brourht increases in production of the
industrial commoditiell of portland cement,
lO'P'um, lime, sand and gravel, and crushed
stone. Total permit-authorized colllltruction
climbed to 11,115.2 ... U1ion, a 15% i...... rile.
Lower irlterest rate/! encoureged residential
OJlllItruction, and building increued 8991>.
Nonresidential construction declined 21%,
ita lowellt level since 1976.'
Esploration Activities.-Espioration was
dominated by the aeareh for gold and silver.
A few luch projecta irlcluded the following:
Freeport Mineral. Co. eltplored for gold and
.ilver on the Horn Silver MineR tnc. end
Tintic Mineral Reeou~ Inc. propertie!! in
Beaver County; Toledo Mining Co. and
Horn Silver Mine!! entered. a joint agree-
ment
Beaver
holdinp in the Friaco.
a nd Star mining dis-
MirleraJ. Co.;
Wett.ern Strategic Minerals Inc. e:<plored
for gold and tilver on the Thomae CaMera
propertieR in Juab County; Nevada Re-
IIOUTCeIIlnc. drilled for gold at ita Yellow Cat
claim& in Millard County; CQh Industri(!8
Inc:. teBted placer propertiea on the Colorado
River north of Moab; and Musto Esplora·
tion Ltd. of Vancouver ex plored the old
Apex copper-lead.zinc.eilver mine in Wash·
ington County for germaniu ... and gallium.
Lerillatlon and Government Pro-
rrams.- The Governor I~ed the following
bill, related to mining peg .. 1 by the 1983
general session of the 45th LegWature
meeting from January 10 to March 10: H.B.
6 authorized the Indu8trial Commiflllion to
approve a workday in UCl'IIIi of 8 hoo", in
.melte,.. snd underground minN; H.B. 859
reviaed certifICation procedures for "fore-
 THE MINERAL INOUSTRY 01" UTAH
mation; and H .B.
• i•
mine.al.. June 1983, howev.
Supreme Court ruled that And
I were minera" and, therefore,
to reservation by the Federal Gov·
means of
o~ to I million appropriation to breach the South·
1,.
When Utah became a State;n 1896, Con·
gr_ designated sections 2, 16, 32, and
36 in each towllllhip of Federal land l1li State
land to be U8ed for the benefit of echool,.
Many of the 5,000 parcel, of land involved
had been transferTed to the State; however,
appro"imateJy 226,000 acrN of "in lieu
land" Willi I t ill due the State. In lieu lands
were equivalent section, granted to the
State! in place of designated sectionB al·
ready legally occupied or diBp"'M of in
lIOme manner by the Federal Government.
On Aquat. 12, 1983, the Secretary of the
InteriM transferred 93,803 acrea of echool
lands to the State, appro"imately one-half
of the amount atill due. 'I'h_ arellll oon·
tained IIOme valuable mineral lands with
reaervfl of coal, oil thale, tar san<b" and
REVIEW IY NON fUEL MINERAL COMMODITIES
MlTAU
Berylllum.- Berylliurn ore production in·
creased in quantity and value in 1983.
Accordilli to its 1983 annual report., BrWlh
Wellman Inc., the principal producer of
berylllum ore in the United States, obtained
458,000 pouruia of beryllium from 116,000
short toru ofbertrandite ore milled at Delta
in 1983, compared with 859,000 pounds re-
covered from 91,000 tons of ore in 1982. As
of December 31, 1983, the company ee:ti·
mated proven bertrandite ore reserves of
4,946.000 tollll averaging 0.22% beryllium.
other mineralt.
Much of the o",inal 7.2 milllon acres of
land ~urned ovar to the State had been fKlld
or otherwiBe dilpcled of; howeVilr, more
than 3.6 million &CrN remained under State
ownership _ttered throughout the State.
To make more productive \QIe of the Ja.n<b"
State offici.al.l Pro:\cei " Project Bold,"
which would return most of the land to the
Federal Government in e.ehange for about
30 large manageable blocks of land preeent-
Jy m Federal ownenhip. A.1thouah the State
hoped to obuin additional royaltiee: from
lands conta.lninc coal, oil shale, tar san<b"
and other minerala, hard·rock mininc com·
panies operati", under the Mini", LI'lw of
18'72 were concerned that title to mining
clailI1$ on the ..changed land mi,rht be
jeopardized and that prop<lBed royalties
would pose an insurmountable obtt8Cle to
mining enterpri_.
A special _ion of the Utah l.ejpalature
in July narrowly defeeted a piopc:ad $3.35
em PacUIC Railroad cauaeway acre. the
north arm of Great Salt Le.ke. The fiCtiOn
W811 designed to alleviate flooding on the
8O\l.tb shore of the lake and pNlvent further
damage to ..It and magnesium induatriee
by equalizing the water levels of north and
8O\l.th are8e:.
The U.s. Department or Energy planned
to inveort.igate further two !lite. in Utah for
nuclear Wllllte disposel; Davie Canyon, 1
mile east of Canyonland National Park, San
Juan County, and I..Vilnder Canyon aclja·
cent to Davia Canyon. Concern W811 up.-.
ed that clrilJinc an uploratory att.1l. in the
GibllOn salt dome area would violate air·
quality standardt in the Canyonl.nds, and
the wt ltored at or transported. from the
aite would pollute the Colorado River.
Brueh Wellman trueked the bertrandite
ore oontaining beryllium from the Topaz-
Spor Mountain area. in Juab County to ita
mill at Delta, Mlllard County, where the ore
and imported beryl ores were pnx FP Fd into
II beryllium hydroride concentrate. The
product WIllS then s hipped to Elmore, OH,
for convenion to beryllium aUo)1, beryllia
cer1lIll..ic, and metallic beryllium. The com·
pany's mining properties oo1.ltainM the Na·
tion'. only known commercial deposita of
bertrandite. Annual capacity of the mill in
1980 W illi 112,000 tollll of OTt. In the third
quarter of 1983. a aeparate circuit ror treat-
546 MINERAUI YEARBOOK, 1983
ing the beryl ores clOlied for repairs and was
expected W resume operation in 1984.
Copper._As the copper market failed to
recover from the rec-Pion, copper produc-
tion declined yet another year, more than
10% in quantity and 5% in value. The
average copper cathode price incressE ~
from $0,728 per pound in 1982 to $0.7653 in
1983, accounting for the smaller drop in
production value.
Utah'lI principal copper producer was
Kennecott, a subsidiary of Kennecott Corp.
acquired in 1981 by Standard Oil Co. of Ohio
(Sohlo). Sohio was 60% owned by British
Petroleum Co. The Utah Copper Oiv. at
Bingham Canyon, 25 miles southwest of
Salt Lake City, included one of the world's
largest open pit copper mines and a precipi-
tate plant. Sateen miles to the north were
the company's Bonneville crushing and
grinding concentrator and the Magna and
Arthur flotation ooncentratol1l capable of
treating 108,000 tons of ore per day; a
smelter with an annual production capacity
of 280,000 tons of copper anode; and a
refinery with an annual capacity of 192,(X)()
tons of copper cathode. The North Ore
Shoot underground mine at Bingham was
atill being developed; product.ion from this
ore body was not espected before 1986 at the
earliest.
The Sohio 1983 10K Annual Report to the
Securities and Ellchange Commi8!lion ahow-
ed the Utah Copper Div. mined and proce_
ed 33,310,(X)() short tolUl of ore yielding
200,842 tolUl of copper, compared with
86,878,000 short tons of ore yielding 199,518
tons of copper in 1982. The average grade of
ore mined was increas~d from 0.625% in
1982 to 0.626% in 1988. Byproduct. gold,
molybdenum, silver, and selenium were al-
so recovered. Kennecott's total operating
Ie s ses from all its properties dropped from
$187 million in 1982 to $91 million in 1983.
A detailed engineering study of the meth-
od and timing of modernizing the Utah
Copper Div. facilities was underway and
W8l! planned to be completed in 1984.
Kennecott announced productivity would
be improved by replacing railroad and truck
haulage with a system of in-pit ore and
waste.crushing facilities and conveyor haul-
age. Also, the Magna and Arthur concentra-
tors would be iitxlated or replaced with a
new concentrator. As a preliminary step in
the project, large haulage truclul replaced
trains for in-pit ore haulage to achieve an
immediate cost reduction.' In September,
the company announced that tall relief from
the Utah LegiBlature would be needed be-
fore the $400 million modernization pro-
gram could begin.
Kennecott initiated a 5-year, $1 million
study of possible ground water contamina-
tion below the Bingham Mine and evapora-
tion ponds east of Copperton. Pollution may
have occurred naturally as water paroolated
through the ore bodies and from leaching of
overburden and waste terraces. We11B pro-
viding water for culinary and irrigation
pUrpo!ll!ll in western Salt Lake County show-
ed no signs of contamination. In U.S. Circuit
Court, the company challenged existing reg-
ulations governing sulfur diollide and par-
ticulate emissions at all its smelters. If the
regulations were not modified, the Utah
smelter would require substantial addition.
al capital to meet air-quality standarda.
By yearend, employment at Kennecott's
headquarters office and Utah Copper Div.
had fallen from 7,400 in 1981 to approJ:i-
mately 5,064 in 1983. The first half of 1983,
about 156 salaried workerB were laid off,
and in September, another 120 workers
were idled when the pit Will! converted from
rail to truck haulage.
Kennecott and re"p.le.~.ntatives of 18 in·
ternational labor unions lIigned a new 3-
year labor contract effective July 1. Calling
for a wage freeze and benefit reductions, the
agreement, however, maintained the coat-
of-living allowance and added flexibility for
changes in technology and work methods to
improve productivity. This agreement was
the fll'9t time in 30 years that a 1abor
contract had been reached without a strike.
In January 1983, the U.s. Department of
Labor certified 1,300 unemployed Utah Cop-
per Div. workers eligible for Federal 8!!Siat-
ance. This high rate of unemployment was
attributed to a sharp decline in refined
copper production and ea1es in 1982 that
were the result of depressed prices and the
availability of imported copper.
Although Anaconda Minerals Co.'s Carr
Fork Mine, Tooele County, remained idle in
1983, about 45 workers continued to main-
tain the operation and pump the under-
ground workings. Anaconda Minerals was a
subsidiary of Atlantic Richfield Co.
Other copper producers in the State in-
cluded the Midvale tailingB project of Shar-
on Steel Corp. and the Yellow Hammer
Mine of American Consolidated Mining Co.,
Tooele County_
 THE MINERAL INDUSTRY OF UTAH 547
Table 4._Utah: Mine production (ftCOvetable ) of IOld, allvet,
fil pper, lead, and line, by county
- - -- --,-

- ,.., ",'
,.., -
..
l:U::I :-:-:-:-:-:-:--:-:-:-:-:-:-: ===,J==~
,
r.:~:::::::::::::
8o.kLUe __ ___________ II 258,';;
'III'
IS!
'III'
\u iii
'III'
U5t.7: 2I.,I1U:
'III' 'III'
Tooele____ _____ ____ __ 1 aa,'l' :t'1M-1 15,M1,~ \~ 11,751

u~~~~~~~~~~~~~-:-: ======J'~;::!'",..~==~~~.~'",..;.t;;!..~.i=:!'".;.~

11181 , _ I 1,515 I I,64U08

1m . _1

lt81:
BorElder ____________ _

'Re , I ' 'III' Wi!hM1d \0 _ d ie" :1 .... oompaDJ' po ' Fi ill..". Mta; iDdllLlood b: '-r.:t.:l.~

•
Table 5,- Utah: Mine production (reeoyerable) ofroJd, Illyer, copper, lead, and "llftC
In 1983, by dus of ore or other lIOu rce materiaJ

N"m'".
",i

•, •
......w w
• '''''• •
•, IG,21&,5U
~

•
U'fJll'1$
• 151,iiii
--
'I'U&I:I _ _ __ •• ___ • _ _
Olherlodo - ,, ' -',.!: • • • • 15 1,88 1
--
~tallinp

Coppo-r pnci pi ~teo

_____ _
--
I."

Table i.-Utah: Mine production (reeo1'l!rable ) of KOld, , lIvcr, copper, lead, and :tine
in 1983, by type ol_te>rial I)I000cu ed a nd method of reeoyery

'.....
n",

w ••
u l,lii
••
--
--
--• ".. -- --
W Wilhhd:l 10""'" r ,..,..
•_.... "
'P"v .. ' jlw\w1.....;
......
__
.L. ~ , ' _~_ ._ . m
·
(,666,610
-....."
....... •
1$9.151
--
548 MINERA LS YEARBOOK , 1983
Go!.d.-GoId output ilKitUed 36% as
Getty Oil'. Merc:ur operation came on-
1Jtream, and the yield of byproduct gold
in" elle t at the Utah Copper Div: . Bing·
ham Canyon Mine. The 54% ri8e in the gold
production value wu partly IIUribut.ed to
the increue in the price of the metal from
an IIverage $375.91 per troy ounce in 1982 to
$424.00 in HISS. Other gold produoorl, In
deecending order of output, included the
following: the Midvale tailings project.
of Sharon Steel, the Escalan~ Mine of
Ranchere, the Trir:ie Mine of Sunshine Min-
ing Co •• and a lIIIIall amount from the
.......
Yellow Hammer Mine of American CoMOli-
On April 21, 1983, Getty Mining Co., a
ll,lbeidiary of Getty Oil, poured it. rll'llt doN
bar at ita Merc:ur gold mine in the Camp
Floyd (Mercur) mining district, T ooele
CoWlty. Tocated 65 miles aoutb of Salt Lake
City and 30 mile. lIOutheast of Tooele, the
property coraitt.ed of 9,200 &erN held under
laue and mining claiDUI in 1983. Gold was
mined at Mercur from the 1890', to 1942 by
underground methods.
Getty MiniDj' owned and operated the
project; Gold Standard Inc. pf Salt Lake
City. whieh had acquired S,<KXl aereII and
negotiated the original agreement in 1978,
held til 15% net-profit interest in 1983. Davy
MeKee Corp. .... l1li a ....arded the contract for
. and construction
Completed lrithin 21 months of Ole contract
a ....ard, the f90 million project included the
mine, a 8,ooo-ton·per-day carbon·in·pulp
gold plant, acc? ' and haulage roads,
tailinpdi8poul dam, offices, laboratory,
lho~ warehouse, two water weill, and an
8-mile .... ate r supply line. Approll:imately
875 were employed during peak construc-
tion; after production began, the operation
employed about 230 in 1983. By yearend,
prod uction was to reach 32,000 OUnceB of
gold a nd thereafter to average abou t 80,000
OUOOll annually for 14 yean. Getty MiniII&'
WBI alao developing methods to test and
prepare the lower grade material for h&ap
leaching.
Relervet were an estimated 15 million
toni of ore averaging OJ ounce of gold per
ton and 3 million tonI of old mil! tailinp
averaging 0.06 ounce per ton to be prooeaud
near the end of mining. The micrometer·
aize iOld particlet were depol5ited in MilIIIia-
aippian Ap carbolUlte host rock by hydro-
thermal 8Olutiona in a bot apring environ-
ment and found in the IlU lrtde and oll:lde
zone. The 'Mxjated mineral. inclu6ed py_
rite, mareuite_ or piment, 1: ' Ipr, barite,
and remobilia'd carbon.'
In early January, Johnaon Matthey Reo
rming Inc " a lubllidiary of JohlUlOn Matthey
I nvestmenta Inc. (holding company for
J ohlUlOn Matthey & Co, Ltd, or London),
completed colUtrueting ita refine ry on a 20-
acre l ite at Salt Lake City. Production of
gold a nd ailver bars begu.n II few weeka
later. The $1 0 million cUlItom refinery had
an initial capacity of 1 million OIInceII of
gold a nd 4 million ounces ofailver annually,
Concentrates or dore ban of a t least 25%
gold or 85% silver were accepted fOl' refin-
ing, and the final product .aa .aId by the
customer or pwclta,eed by the company for
lillie on the open I11Jll'keL About 40 people
were employed at the planL'
Iron Ore and StHl._lron ore shipmentll
in Utah continued to drop, The 68% decline
in tonnage a nd nearly 69% faU in value
were attributed to sUlIpenlion of mining in
the Iron Springs mining district 10 to 20
miIe. WNt of Cedar City. The BmaU amount
of iron ore shipped in 1983 came from
direcwhipping ore !tockpiled at the DelJert
MOlind Mine. The CF&! Steel Corp:a Com-
stock Mine Wall idWd in J anuary 1981,
and U.s. Steel shut down ita Mountain
Lion Mine and ita Deeert Mound Mine by
mid-l 982. In Deoember 1983, UA Steel
ani>Ouoced tho<! permanent cloaure of both
mines in Utah and the Atlanti c Ci ty Mine
in Wyoming, the principe) iron ore l uppli-
era for its Geneva Worka near Provo. At the
88me time, the company permanently shut
down ita eaatern Carbon County Columbia
coal mine, which had been clOlled for more
than 1 yeu.r, and it!; Geneva Works foundry
that made caating for internal use.
With the shutdown of the Wyomill&' and
Utah minBil, the Geneva plant Willi aupplied
with taconite ore pelleta from Minne.ata,
Geneva WorD, the only integrated dom_
tic .ooel mill operating in the Wett, oper-
ated a t 50% capacity, primarily for the
Wettem I11Jll'ket. Em ployment by yearend
had dropped to 2,700, compared with a peak
of 4,500 in 1981. The shutdown of the
foundry relell!le ~ 68 workera; the Delert
Mound operation employed a maintelUlnce
crew of 12; a nd the Columbia coal mine
dropped from 400 to a crew 0{7.
Under the Trade Act of 1974,1,250 work-
era laid off at the Geneva Worn in 1982
we re certified for up to 26 weeka ofadditioD-
 THE MlNERAL INDUSTRY OP UTAH
al unemployment lIIIIIietance. Imported car-
bon lteel plate, carbon lteel pipes, and tubes
displaced the workerl making similar prod-
uctll at the Utah steel plant.
At the Geneva plant, the $3.5 million
federally mandated water-quality proglam
was more than 40% complete by yearend.
The standaro. caJled for reducing levelll of
IU'I1IIlOnia, oil, greale, and suspended parti-
dee ditcharged into Utah Lake. The water
recycling ayatem will be improved and new
_ter Iywtems insta.J.led to tre.t more than
200 million gallolUl of ",ater daily. Eliisting
evaporation ponds were to be lined to pre-
vent _page, and a ne", pond W811 to be
constructed.
U.S. Steel reported that itsI983lo8!e~ in
the steel industry totaled $634 million, com-
pared with $852 million in 1982.
Nucor Steel Co., a division of Nucor Corp.,
continued to operate Its 400,()OO...ehort-ton-
per-year minilteel mill at Plymouth, Boll:
Elder County. SteellJCrap was melted in two
electric arc (u rnacell and continuoua cast
into billeu. for food Into the rolling mill.
Products Itl8nufactureci included reinforc-
ing baril, angles, rounds, channela, and flats.
New equipment W8ll being iJutalted for the
production of coiled rounds, beginning in
the firllt quarter 1984. The 1983 Nucor
annual report stated that its minimiJlll have
high productivity reeu lting in employment
coets that are only 20% of the Well dollar
and lower than employment COI!Its of the
integrated steel mills pmducingoomparable
produet8. Production employeee at t he Utah
plant worked under group incentive!l, which
provided inc rt'?E:I eaminp for high pn>
ductivity. Nucor'. Vu lcrafl. Div. at Brigham
City used steel produet8 from the Plymouth
operation for the manufacture of joists and
girden and lteel grinding balls for the
mining induatry. In 1983, Nucor was con-
structing a plant at Brigham City to pn>
duce cold fllliah bars; the 6O,OOO-ton-per-
year facility was to be completed in the firBt
quarter of 1984.
Marneslum.- AMAX Magnesium Corp.,
a IlUblidiary of AMAX Inc., operated the
Nation 'a second largest magnesium plant at
Rowley, Tooele County. Maguesium W811
i eco~ered from Great Salt Lake brine. con-
centrated in 40,000 acree of IJOlar evapora-
tion ponda, p loe-r:d into magnesium chlo-
ride, and e lectrolytically leparated into
magnesium metal and chlorine. By yearend
1983, production reached an annual rate of
82,000 short lollll. According to AMAX,
increased demand and lower unit coetll
effected an upswing in itll produc-
549
tion during the III!COnd half of 1983
and substantial.ly reduced inventories. Sev-
eral million dolla", were spent in 1983 to
repair and replace dikes damaged by the
riaingGreat Salt Lake.
Molybdenum._Utah Copper Div., the on-
ly molybdenum produce r in the State, con-
tinued to ship molybdenum concentrate re-
covered as a byproduct ofita copper produc-
tion. Molybdenum output declined, and
shipments dropped more than 86% in quan-
tity and about 45% in value a. the average
producerll' price dropped. from about $4.45
in 1982 to aboot $3.65 in 1983.
~Iorat.ioro at the Pine Grove molybde-
num deposit in the central Wah Wah Moun-
tains, weetern Beever County, ..... sU~ in
December 1982. The Pine Grove AHllc~tes
project was a joint venture of Phelpli Dodge
Corp., diacoverer of the depoeit, and Getty
Oil, manager of ezploration and deve lop-
ment; however, Getty Oil dropped ita option
to purchue the depoeit in 1982. Under the
agreeme nt, Getty retained the right to earn
52% inlelwlt in the property by spending
$45 million; S18.8 million had been paid out
by yearend 1983.
S il vu.-Utah's principal .ilver producer
was RancherB' fAc9lante Mine, Iron Cou n-
ty, followed by Kenne«ltt'. Bingham Can-
yon Mine, Salt lAke Cou nty; Sharon Steel'.
Midvale tailings project, Salt Lake County;
Getty Minina'. Mercur Mine, Tooele Coun-
ty; Swuohine's TrWe Mine, Utah County;
and American Consolidated's Yellow Ham-
mer Mine, Tooele County. Silver production
inc l ' ned about 5% in quantity and more
than 51% in value as the pri..... of the metal
rose from en average r1.95 per troy ounce in
1982 to Sl1.44 in 1983.
In ita fiosca1 year ending June 30, 1983,
Rancherll reported producing 2,265,923
troy ouncell of silver, compared with
1,100,000 troy ouncee in flllC8l year 1982-
ApproJ:.imately 350,000 tona of ore WWl
mined and 279,205 tons milled in fUlCaI year
1983. Sales of refmed silver were more than
2.1 million troy ouncell for an average price
of $9.85 per ounce, increasing by
S13.5 million to $21.7 million in
l ocated about 42 miles west of Cedar
City, the property, originally known 118 the
Holt silver mine, WWI staked in 1873. Mi-
CfOCl'Y'taliine argentite and jalpaite were
the dominant silver minerals followed by
acanthite, embolite, and native silver. The
hydrothermal quartV"'lcite vein was de-
poeited as cl"Ullltiform banding and open
space nlJing in a hot spring occurrence in
550 MINERALB YEARBOOK, 1988
Terti8ry Rhyolite volean;ce. The vein width
~ed from 5 to 47 feet and averaged 19
feet; in IIOme plaoelJ., it was more than 800
feet deep. M of May 1, 1983, proven re-
8ervell were 1.63 million toni! with an ever-
age (Bde of 10.37 ounces per ton . In the
ollide zone, the l ilvar minerals ware ago.
ciated with ,81ena and cel'U8l!lite. Ores are
mined Wling the end..licing mining method
the vertical crater retreat
":.~~~;m~.'·:ne.
b
In flBcal
1000unc&-
';'I,;;,';ore tollll pef day of
wute were mined; silver WIUI
cuh OOIIt of U.69 per troy
mining, milling, power,
and administration .
.~:.::;~ the mine with
Ie pumps moving Ie.
per minute. Originally
toM per day. the mill could
",or. eu ore at a daily average of 800 tons,
with an 81.4% recovery rate,·
Ranchel"ll continued to , _ the mine
from E8calant.e Silver Mines Co.; riihtl to
the leaM ware purchll!led in 1975 and will
extend to 1992 with righ~ for three to-year
e:d.etaiollll. In November 1983, Ranchert
acquired the Interest of Escalante Silver
Minet in itl F«.lant.e Mine.
In April 1983, the HMC Mining Co. ot
Silver City, NM, purchued Kennecott', in-
terest in the TriIie property, East Tintie
Utah County. ()p May 25,
purehn:l from lIMe all
'!n~ In the district, including
the Trude Mine and mineralleasel covering
8,000 acres. Ke nnecott had UIIed the Trixie
silver-gold..oopper 0 l"1.'li as a flUIing agent for
its Garfield smelter; however, the mine had
been shut down ~ince December 1982. Our-
illi the latter half of 1988 when production
Willi resumed., ore Willi $hipped to the Gal'<
field smelter. Su~hine's 1988 annual report
stated estimated reserves at the Trixie
MiDe to be 64,040 tona of ore containing
500,938 ounces of ,ilver, 6,&(5 ounces or
gold, and 1,736,700 pounds of copper. The
literature det.ai.led geologic mapping and
aamplinc programlI UJed 1.0 compile data
bale for developing mining reeerves at the
Trixie Mine.' In late 1983, Sunshine', Apex
No. 2 ehaft waa deepened 168 feet: the goal
Willi to r6Ilch BOO feet and the 1,800-foot
level by early 1984 to explore and develop
its Burgin Mine. Indicated rl.'l!E!rves at the
Burgin Mine were IlIItimat.ed. to be 1.7 mil·
lion I.Ona of ore containing 22.3 million
ounON of , ilver, 281,000 toM of lead, and
119,000 ton, of unc. In October, Sunahine
a cquired an option to leaae undergTOUnd
minilli righta to 2,013 acres comprieing
Chief Co".,lidated Mining Co.', Homana-
viUe Fault property in the Eut Tintic
DiltricL .
Vanadlum._Vanadium rllCOVered from
uranium·van&dium Orell mined on the Colo-
rado Plateau was shipped to Atlas Corp.'e
mill near Moab, Grand County, and, in the
month of January, to the Energy Fuels
Nuclear Inc . mill at Blanding. Utah rankad
aeoond of three States producing vanadium
in the Nation; however, 1983 production
continued to decline, plunging 45910 in ton·
n.a,ga and nearly 50% in value beeau.-e of
dePI - -sed vanadium pricel. Output came
from the milling complllliee' own properties
and from independent operator-l in Emery,
Garfield , Grand, and San Juan Countiea.
The Atla8 Minerals Div. or Atlas Corp.
had mine. in the Big Indian Dbtrict, Green
River Dillitrict, San Juan Canyon, Uravan
Mineral Belt, Red Canyon, and White Can-
yon 1U"l.'88 of Utah and Colorado, and a
uranium·vanadium prO( ' nilli mill approx·
imately 4 miles from Mnab. The mill WIUI
eupplied with ores from the company'. Pan-
dora, Velvet, and Rim Columbus Minea in
San Juan County; the Snow and Probe
Minea in Emery County were on atandby_
According to the company, in ita r..cal year
endina: June 30, 1983, Atla8 MiDerab Div.
eoI.d 1,386,000 pounds of U.o. in ooncentrate
and 1,4tI'7,000 pounds of vanadium pentox·
ide; however, no uranium was told after
March 1988 and no vanadium after October
1982. The corporation reported a net income
of 119_4 million in 1988, compared with
127.1 million in 1982.
In December, Atlas Minerale Div. w..
atudyiDi the feasibility of developing the
Edward R. Fariey, J r. uranium depolit 10
miIM north of Ticaboo, Garfield County.
Exploration had been underway aince the
Bullfrog ClaiDlll were acquired from Eu:on
Corp. in 1982. If the feasibility study proved
out and minilli permita granted, m ine con·
at.ruction could begin in lilte 1984. The
ctaime were contiguous to thcee of Plateau
Reeouroee Ltd., ",here Plateau "'.. develo~
log ita uranium mine at Ticaboo and teatilli
ita 75O-ahort--ton·per-da.y mill.
Energy Fuels idled ita White Mesa
urani um·vanadium mill at Blandina-, and
laid off more than 100 employees in Janu·
ary 1983 because of low product demand.
The 140 million mill was brought uDder
joint ownership with Union Carbide Corp.
 THE MINERAL INDUSTRY OF UTAH
in February and remained cloeed t he reet of
the year.
The Hecla Mining Co. and Union Carbide
uranium-vanadium mine near Moab re-
mained on lltandby, pending uranium price
recovery.
Rio Algom, a unit of Rio Algom Ltd., re-
opened the MiVida underground uranium-
vanadium mine, San Juan County, which
had been lelllll!d from Mineralll West Inc. of
Monticello_Ore W9.8 trucked Hi milea to the
Rio Algom Lisbon mill near La. Sal, where
only uranium was extracted becaUlle the
mill lacked a vanadium reoovery circuit.
Disp0!!8.1 of tailings from the Old Vitro
uranium-vanadium plant ill Salt Lake
County remained the center of vigorous
controvel"llY. The coet of preventing disper-
sal of radioactive particles in the air and
water in t he valley during tailingll removal
WIUI t he principal concern. In Octobe r. the
U.S_ Depart.ment of Energy IIg I _ed to move
the tailinp to Tooele County instead of
ltabilizing them at i~ South Salt Lake
location as originally proposed.
Zlrconium._Western Zirconium Inc. con-
tinued to produce zil"(X)llium and zilWllium
alloy. from imported Australian 1IIlII<b:. A
small amount of titanium was alao recover-
....Western Electric Corp. of Pittsburgh. PA.
and Mitsubishi Metal Corp. of Tokyo, Ja-
pan. abandoned plans to prod uce titanium
sponge at the Western Zirconium plant
near Ogde n; weakened markets contributed
to the companies' decilion.
.............
AlJphaJt (Native) and Other Bilumenl_-
Gilaonite production increased abou t 11%
in quantity and 15% in value. The principal
producer, American Gilsonite Co .• a , ubsid-
iary of Standard Oil Co. of California, mined
hydrocarbon material from veill8 near B0-
nanza. Uintah County, where the company
owned 5,000 acres of land and leasE d 20,000
atreI5 f~ the State and Federal Govern-
ments. l oMIted about 45 miles IIOUtheast of
Vernal. the operation compri!ltd 11 mine!!,
offices, a proc "; ing plant, and 5 concrete
..II» with a combined .torage capacity of
7,500 short tollL Ore. mined on a 45' angle
were airlifted to the .urface t hrough a 14-
lnch-diameter pipe. According to the compa-
ny. giisonit.e aaJes ranged from 60.000 to
100.000 ton. per year. and depending on the
grade, the prod uct WIUi marketed a t $150 to
$375 per ton for automobile body sealer
lind radiator paint. in ks, oil well-drilling
551
fluids, cement for eand moida in t he foundry
indWitry, and many other UIIeB.'
Cement..-PortIand cement produce....
lined in deeoending order of 1983 outPU~
included the Ideal BasIc Indwrtries Inc.
350,OOO-tIhort-ton·per-year capacity wet-
proo:w plan t at Devils Slide, Morgan Coun·
t)'; the Martin Marietta Corp. 650.000-1on-
pe.r -year dry·proc plant at Leamington,
Millard County; and the Lone Star Indus-
tries Inc. 420.000-ton-pe .... year wet-prot?? '
plant at Salt Lake City. At midyear, the
Martin Marietta plant Willi for 1liiIe. Fin-
iahed portJand cement output incre! I? I
80%; sales inen-BFed more than 40% ill
quantity and nearly 20% in value. The
inCTe8lle Willi attributed to construction of
t he Intermountain Power P roject near
Lynndyl , Millard CoUllty; to a gain in inter-
state and State highway work; and to offICe
a nd hotel buildings being e rected in down-
town Salt Lake City. Masonry cement de-
clined in production and the quantity and
value of salas. Principal materia.la consu-
med in making cement were limestone,
cement rock, sandlitone. gypeum. shale, iron
ore. and cia)'&. Natural gas was the chief
energy soun:e for the planl.l!, followed by
bituminOWl coal and a amalllUJiOl,1Il1 of fuel
oil. Pollution-control equipment at the
plants included baghoU8ell and electrical
precipitators.
Clay....-'J'he principal common clay and
shale producer Willi Utelite Corp.• Summit
County, followed by Jnterpe.ce Corp., Utah
County; Interatale Brick Co. at its Five-Mile
pit, Tooele County, and Jim Gay pit, Utah
Cou nty; Martin Marietta at its Hank Allen
pit, Juab County; and RednX)Dd Clay and
Salt Co. at its Sanpete County pit: Western
Clay Co. mined swelling bentonite at its
Redmond pit and fuller 'l earth at its Auro-
ra pit, both in Sevier County. R. D. Wadley
Clay Co. mined fIre clay at its Wadley pit,
Utah County. The common clays were used
main ly for (ace brick and for concrete block,
followed by portland cement, structural
concrete, te rra cotta, floor and wall ceram-
ics, adhesives, and an imal feed. Swelling
bentonite WIUI used for animal feed. drilling
mud. and waterproof sealant: Fire clay WIUI
used (or foundry pu.p: l~' and (uller', earth
for mineral oil preparation.
Clay and lhale increne;l in quantity and
value; the a verage unit value increased
from $5.71 in 1982 to $7.14 in 1983.
Graphiu.-Synthetic graphite produc-
t ion inc. "e d 62% and i~ value lOII>e~.
Because or it. light weight, stiffnesa, and
good coefficient of thermal expall8ion, the
552 M1NERAU3 YEARBOOK, 1983

commodity was u.eed for 8./lJ"Ollpaa! equip. uct increazei 19% in quantity and a bout
ment, golf club shaitt, and tennis raeket&. 7% in value.
Hen:ulell Inc., Ae ..... pace Div., at ie. Rae- P~phale Rock.-ChevroD Re .OUrcee
chilli Works. principal producer of the com- Co. rnined photphate rock £' 010 the Upper
modity, employed about 8,000 WOlke .... Pennian Age Park City FormatioD 12 mile!!
Gypsum.-Goorgia·Pacific Corp. and north of Vern.al, Uintah County. EIpansioD
United Statet Gypeum Co. continued pro. of the Vern. 1 Mine remained in abeyance:
dueing crude and calcined gypeum at Sig· however, a con tract Wall . .... arded to con-
urd, !inier County. Wallboard WNI the prin- struct . 98.2-mile-Iong aiurry pipeline rrom
cipal product shipped from the Sigurd the Dpen pit mine.t Vema! to. pro pP Ed
plante. Crude gypIIum WWI 81110 mined by $350 million, 1,20Q.ehort-ton-per-d.y fertil.
Cox Enterpril!le6 Inc. near Levan, Sanpete izer plant 8t Rock Spring&., wY. At the
County; Thomas J . Peck .\ 801\8 Jnc. near Vernal Mine, phosphate roclr. rewrves were
Nephi, Juab County; and White Mountain estimated to be 700 milliDn .bort toni or ore:
Gypsum Co. near Fillmore, Millard County. Chevron reported spending $150 million in
Llme.-Le·ding qu icklime producers in· acquiring reeerves and conducting preJimi-
eluded Continental Lime Co., a lubeldiaTy of tUlry activities before beginning construc-
Steel Broe. Canada Ltd., Millard County; tion. Con. tructiOD IIUlrtup Wall deferred to
Utah Marble head Lime Co., a 8ubeidiary of 1985.'
General Dynamics Corp., Tooele County; The U.S. Bureau of Mines published lum·
Utah Copper Div. of Kennecott, Salt Lake marized data on the Jo1aming Gorge; West.-
County; and Genstar Lime Co., a 8ublidiary ern Uinta Range: Crawford Mountain;
of Gelllltar Corp., TOf'Onto. Canada. Tooele North, CeDtral, and Southern Wasatch
County. Lime production inc r EZTd lUI the Range; .nd Vernal Mine and Ve rnal Field
construction indu.stry picked up. Utah Mar- phosph.te deposita. Locations, published I"&-
blehead, 85 miles northwest of Grantsville, terve and resource infonnation, geology,
with a 280,OOO-ton-ann ual-capacity plan t, mineralogy, mine and mill data, transports-
produced a dead-bumed dDlomite chiefly fDr bon of product, and bibl iography of s ites
refractor}' use in the lteel industry in Cali- were included in the directory ...
fDrnia and Utah. About 60% Df itt produc- Potash._ ProductiDn of all potaasium
tiDn was . h ipped to the Kaiser Steel Corp. salta in the State decreasrd 20%. Totallales
.teel plant at Fontana, CA, and with the of the producta declined 22% in volume and
shutdown of the Kaiser plant in October 29% in velue. Stoch dropped about 17% by
1983, 14 of 27 employeN at the Utah Mar- the end of the reporting period. The three
blehead. lime plant were laid DIT. companiea recovering potash in the State
MagnHl um CompoundlJ,.-Great Salt were Great Salt Lake .
Lake Minerals "" Chernieals Corp.. a divi- Aluminum & Chemical, ~~;,:~~~~
~on of Gulf Resource. "" Chem ica ls Corp., Great Sa.it Lake Minerflis u
with an annual capacity of 100,000 short ration and lle!ective crystallization Pl"l)(lo
tons of magnesium oxide equivalent, obtain- e!HS to .8IXlver potaIIsium sulfate and by-
ed magnesium chloride a nd other producta product sal t, sodium . ulfate, and magne-
{rom the brinl!ll Df Great Salt Lake west of ,ium chloride from the concentr.ted brinee
Ogden, Weber County. Ka iser Aluminum & of Great Salt Lake. Brines were pumped
Chemieal Corp., with an annu al capacity of from the north a rm Df the laIr.e to 19,500
50,000 tol18 of MgO equivalent, recovered acres of tolar evaporation pondi on Bear
magnesium compounds from the brines of Lake Bay weat of Ogden . t Little MDuntain,
Great Salt Lake at ita Bonneville plant near Weber County. PlaM lor upending the
Wendover, Tooele CoWlty. Magnesiurn com· cornpany', evaporation ponds were .uspend·
pounds IIllee were eeeenUally the lIlme in eel beeallflJl of heavy precipitation i"8!Iulting
volume as those of 1982; however, their in the Great Salt Lake flooding ita mores;
value declined al ig-htly. ilUtead., over $1.5 million was . pent to raise
Perlite.-Holly Corp. mined perlite in and strengthen ezisting dikes.
Millard County. Perlite w.. upanded at The K.ieer tolar evaporfltion m.ta1latiOD
the Georgie·Pacific plant in Sigurd, Sevier near Wendover, covering 87,816 acres, col-
County, a nd W811 brought in from out of lected nlltural brines In 140 miles of ditches
State for ellpanding et the Pax Co. plant in on the Bonneville Selt FI.te of the Great
Salt Lake County. The ellpandad perlite Wall Sa.it Lake deeert& The brinea were COIleen-
used in horticulture, plaster 11&&. gate, and trated in • primary 8,000-acre ev.poration
other ~. Production of the treated prod. pond. Poteasium IIelte were harvested and
 THE MINERAL I NDUSTRY OF UTAH
proen: d through a flotation concentrator
to III!parate the halite (lIOdium chloride) and
8ylvite (potas&ium chloride). In September,
,, the mill WBII temporarily dOlled beeauN of
lII!Vere flooding by Great Salt Lake; cu8tom-
en were 8Upplied from ataekpiled material.
Potash .... u BOid for fertilize .... and ml\i"tto
mum chloride waa BOld for dll$t ISUPPi '7 ;ion
and for producing ,usar from SUiar beeta."
Texasgulf, a 8ubeldlll.ry of Soci6te Na-
I tional e Elf Aquitaine (II. 6'1% French
Government-controlled oil company), rtto
covered potassium wtI at itl Cane CTeek
operation near Moab, Grand County. Pe nn·
I 8ylvanian Age evaporites were aoIution
mined at a depth of 2,789 feet; the brines
were then evaporated on BOlar pondl and
1 the iJaltl harvested and processd by flota-
tion to recover potash a nd byproduct sal t.
,,i Salt.--Solar salt producen included
American Salt Co. and Great Salt Lake
Minerals, Weber County; Lake Crystal Salt
Co., Boll Elder County; I akepoint Salt Co., a
division of Domtar Induatries Inc., Tooele
County; Morton Salt Co., II. division of Mor-
ton·Thiokol Inc., Salt Lake County; and
TexlUlfUlf, Grand County. Redmond Clay
and Salt. Sevier County, mined rock ealt
nea r Redmond. Moab Brine Co. (La Sal Oil
Co.) recovered ..It from brine in Grand
County. Production and Wei! declined when
beavy precipitation diluted. the solar-evapo
Of at ion pond brinel. In December, deep
aMwa resulted. in an unU9ual demand for
deicing Salt Lake City 8treets, depleting
Table 7.-Utah: Sand a nd (ravel sold or used by produ('ers
Totalora_ _________ __ __ . _
w ...triaI ...... ____ ___ _________ ___
ONDCItotal ....., ..... _______ __ _ _
NANoh..i!oNe . WWithboId toa...w,r
Sodium Sulfate.-Great Salt Lake Miner-
al6 continued to recover sodium 8ulfate
from the brines of Great Salt Lake at itl
operation west of Ogden. Production in-
creeud in 1983. or
the three States produc-
ing the product (California, Texas, and
Utah), Utah ranked third. Sodium 8ulfate
553
county .t.ockpiles of salt.
Sand a nd Gravel. COlI$tructio1l. Con·
struction aand and gravel production u,
8urveyed by the U.S. Bureau of Mines for
even-numbered years on ly; therefore, thie
chapter containll only estimates for 1983.
Data for odd-numbered yean are based on
annual company estimates made before
yearend.
A rise in construction in the State gener-
ated nearly a one-third increase in the
out put and value of construction sand and
gravel. In urban and nearby rural areas,
sand and cravel operators were faced with
typical environmental and zoning problems.
The State Air Quality Bureau ordered two
north Davie County operators, Ideal Rock
Produet8 Co. and Parsons Ready Mix, to
bring their properties into compliance with
air-quality ata.ndards or face dOliure. Blow-
ing sand waa the principal complaint. Hang-
glider Rp,
oc iations protested that gravel pit.
at the Point of the Mountain preeented a
h'l?erd to pilau becaUlle the mounds that
had been left. disturbed air currentl unique
to the area. The Utah County Planning
CommiMion recommended a zoning changt!
that would prohibit Gibbons" Reed Co.
from mining gravel at the mouth of Ameri-
can Fork Canyon.
IndUltrioL E'oalt Lake V.Hey Sand '"
Gravel Co. continued producing industrial
sand in Utah County for UlIe in engine
traction and eandblaeting.
.... "". 9,162
1.198
' 1.116
,~
'.0
7.579
W
J • • ~_ .
__ III """'PMJ' po"," ,10 " ......
_
was u.ed in the ceramic, detergen t, glass,
and paper industries.
Stone.-Stone production is surveyed by
the U.S. Bureau of Mines for odd·numbered
yean only; the 1982 chapter gave e&timates.
Data for even-numbered yean are based on
annual company estimates made before
554 MINERALS YEARBOOK , 1983

yearend. lurgieal purpo se!!. Gen star Lime, Tooele

The quan~ity and value of crUllhed alone
production incr"' __ ~ dramatically 1\$ resi-
dential and ;ndWJtriai COlUItruction improv-
ed and as the State ruahed to recover from
heavy precipitation, spring flood ing, and
the risin&' Great Salt Lake. Crushed rock
was U!Ied to repair flood-damaged I"Oade and
dams, to raiee and IJtrengthen dikes pro.
teeting indultries on the MOrell of Great
Salt Lake, and to raise and stabilize the rail
lines acrou the causeway spanning the
north arm of the La.lr.e and $kirting the
lJOU1hern $bore.
Listed in dellCending order of out put, the
following companiee qua rried limestone:
Southern Pacific Tra nlportation Co., Box
Elder County, for riprap and jetty atone;
Martin Mtlrietta Mountain Div., Juab Coun-
ty, for cemen t; Con tinental Lime. Millard
County, for lime manufacture; Ideal Basic
Industries, Morgan County, for cement;
Lone Star Induatri..... Salt Lake Coun1y, for
cement; U.s. Steel. Utah County, for itB
ateel operation; LeGrand JohJaon Corp.,
Cache Cou nty; Gibbon. ok Reed', Concrete
ProdUcUI Co., Tooele County; and Cedar-
strom Calcite, Utah Coun ty, for poul try
g rit.. Utah Marblehead quarried dolomitic
limestone in Tooele County for dead·burned
dolomite a nd a refractory stone for metal·
Cou nty, aI.o quarried dolomite in Tooele
County. Sandstone wae quarried by Ideal.
Basic Industries and Martin Marietta for
cement manufacture and by t he Cache
County Road Department tmd Utah State
High way Department, WaehingtOn Oollnty,
for delUie road base and tome llfip8.ved road
l urfa<.s Volcanic rock Wall quarried by
Divenified Marketing Services, Millard
County, for l ightweight aggregate, and by
Lava Products Inc. for unpaved road sur-
(aeel! for terrazzo and eKj:ned stone. The
U.S. Bureau of Reclamation quarriee aJate
fo r bituminous agg.egate, dense road base,
and unpaved road surfacee.
Companies and local , State, and Federal
Government &gencie!! quarried 4,050,860
tons of limestone and dolomite valued at
$13,528,730; 243,071 ton. of eandlltone and
quartzite valued at $717.938; 27,030 toM of
alate valued at $.54,060; 86,394 toni of vol·
canic stone valued at S333,404; and 195 tons
of other stone valued at $1.560. The average
un it value of crushed stone quarried Willi
$3.32 per ton. Crushed stone w illi produced
at 42 quarries in 20 countillfi; the leading
county was Boll Elder, followed by Milla rd,
Morpn, Tooele, Salt Lake, and CacheCoun·
tiea.

Table 8.- Utah: Cru.sheil stone ' IMI ld or Ilsed by procluc:en in 1983, by U llt!
m" _"""'-t ""'" and lb, _ no! dol .... )

0- Quantit1 ,.~

n.
ft
n.
~

" •
c~~-~-:-:-----------------------------------
-:-: -::-::----- - --- -- - --- - --- -. - ---- - - - -
-----------------------------
------- _._-------------------------
M

'"•
W

,.~
......•
M'
,ft

w
.
-----_._-----------------------------------
.•
":~.~~ :-:-:-:-:-:-:- :. :. :.-: :- ---- ---- ------- --- -----------
-----------------------------
~ -- - - - - - -- .. --------------------------------------
....,
w
...
"" ,
 THE MINERAL INDUSTRY OF UTAH 555

Sulfur (R~overed).-Chevron Oil 0;.. re-

covered sulfur from its refinery in Davis
County.
Sulfuric Aeid._Nationally, Utah ranked
second in output of8ulfuric acid. Recovered
as a byproduct of copper production, the
commodity declined in quantity and value.
Vermiculite.-Although no crude ver-
miculite was mined in Utah, Vermiculite
Intermountain Inc. brought in the material
for e:ltpansion at its Salt Lake City plant.
Output and value of exfoliated vermiculite
increased; the product was used chiefly for
block and loose fill insulation, fireproofing,
and in roofing, concrete, and plaster aggre-
gates.
'State Liaioon OffICe<, Bureau or MI- . Don_. 00.
'Uo.ivenity of UIaII, Gra.duale S<h<>ol of Busi ..... Utah Cl .. ",",·, PIKwsphote
Constructian Report. v. 211. No. 4. 1983, p. 2. . V. lSi. No. 9. Sopt.
'WW>IIe,. R. D. Bl'\lbam CanYGIl B,·'" _ Won ProdI&c-

.
lift. MID. World ••. 86, No. i . 1983. pp. I2-M.
'BUJ"p!". J . R. (ocI.!. MMCu, II Getty'. Flrot Gold Mino.

:a
EIur. """ Min. J. o. 18-1, No. 10. Oo:t. 1988. pp. (S.l;1.
K. Y. and W. E. Cou&hlin . ~IJ' MinI". Co'.
Ap To H..p r.-hl". a. tho M...,." Mil>O. " - a t
AlNE Fall Meeti ..... Sal' Lake City. lIT. Oct. 111-21.
1\183. Soe. Min. E..,. AIME puprint88-4i9. 1983, 7 pp.

Table 9.-Principal producer!!

Typo of "";';ty County

Sui... 1100. KocInocott BkI&. UnDo,,,,,,,,,,, ..1n<oo ODd planL

&1. LoobCi'y. lIT SiI3.'i
North ~ Di';';"" Sl. - ---<I<> ___________ _ _ _
Suite A
, '"'''''.
SpU . .... WA99218

Vernal. lIT W1IS

-- - -"'> --- - -- ------ --
,.,,_ 1"< _____ _ 6"1 Woot 2950 South
Solo LoobCity. lITMUS
Quarrioo and plonL ______ _
__ _ ..do ___ _______ __ _ _

615 wort 8O(l South __ _ ..do ___ __ ________ _ Sal. I...o.b.

CIa!,:"" pace Corp.. StructunrJ
Dio.
InlenlOote Brick Co.,. out>-
oidiaryofMountain Fuel
~
U ...U. ... Corp _ __ ____ __ _
WMternCl.yCo' ____ _ _
Ilo:l WI~
&1t Lab City, lIT 84110
___ --<lo ____________ _ _
_ m Open pit Io.i .... """ plbn. _ _ _ _ Summit.
CooJ..-illo, lIT 84017 ()poD pitminoo ___ _ _____ _
Il0:l1061
Auro... trr Si621.1

--
1129 East 2900 South
&1t Look. City, lIT SilOO

-~
T_la.lITW1I4
Open pit Io.i.... mllla, ..".1 ......
m~

Open pi. ",I .... , mill carbon·in·

pulp p\oont.

& •• ()pM. pit mino and pIont ___ _ s...ior.

Sicur<L trr 846Y7 --- -<I<> _ ___ _ _ ______ _ _
Do. 12(1
Slcutd. lIT8-I657
Stool pJanL _ _ _ _ _ ____ __ _
ae- W... ko
&.510
I'r<m>. UT 84603
556 MINERAIA YEARBOOK , 1988

Table 9._Prlnc:lpa' produu" -Conllnued

--
' " '111'001 <61)11
&.ito:01
s....u. Que ., .......... lIilluoi.
&.II t..bCity, urklOl
"'M ' •. ur_ Open ph "'[no ..... plaJI. ___ _

...
O....,tmll
~
O.........w..lI1' UOZf

t:38 NorU!. 2200 '111'"

So.It t.b City. lIT kUI
...."
_ ..... , , , . ....... i __ e h

Manllo St.r Rou.. Open pit ",lno oDd plan' ___ _ UlAIOoh.
VwnaL UT 1UO'78

7105 Noru. 105Dll "'.- Sola>- "'~I~"'." · ~. ,.,_~_

.....
UUIo_~1aiD 1ar.pW.L

-
Boo lIto
Ordt<>. l1T 8M02
W.d: ... UT8f08I
-_. -"" ---- -- ' . __ ._--

&1l:
",,,,,,k... !!oJ\ Co . _____ _ Planl . ____ ___ _______ _

PIto ..... p&uL _ _____ ___ _

'] W_c.otnol ......
... ,W
M......,., lIfMIO'I
Pltaand pluto _____ ____ _
21lU Eat Soutlt Wobo. Dr.
Olden, ur 1j.I~

--.-- "._,---- .. ----

Pit ____

.....
e • • • ________ _
IlOO North 1550'111'.
0.-. lIT 8l(I51
Ur i j "2'nd...u...w~pIM •
fDw, .. · • ur NnIi
__ • .do __ , __ _ __ • __ __ _

..... ---- ----------

.. " ,....1'1........ .... ,_
.......
,~

~ "'"
-_
t" ill "ound miDMand pIan'_ -.,-_...
... m
9''1''''",. ur IfSII
u ' Ii
.";,' , ..w.
. . .i'

to,," <• • OIInd"'lMo. n n __

,Oilbur'... r

...,-
I).
Oz'U,
 The Mineral Industry of Utah

By Lorrabte B. Burpn'

The ""'\Ie of no.>nfuel mineral productio-
ded!ned from 1657 milljon iD 1983 to S52I
million in 198(. Metal productioo fell
than two.thUdI of the tot.! .,. to...
to_
of oonl'llt!
...u..ral OI.Ilp!.lt beta.... 0110... metal pi .....
and the COl ,.pondin, drop In copper, fOld,
ailvel', and v&Dadium production. In 00 ...
t!'N\" the tot&I value of nonrnetaJa output
"'*' beuuee of .. """,rd iru:_ in 0011-
Itruetion activity.
Utah', prindpal oommoditiea, in deCt ' ,
inc order ol value, were oop;er, gold, po!1-
land cement, oo...uuetion sand and pvel,
silver, MIt, p....= h.1I11 MIca, pno.pha'- rock.
lime, cr"hecI and btote.o ___ • uti ... _
pha!t (sileoniw). .ulfuric acid, and II>Olybd&.
n=.
Nationally, the &.te ranked lint In iii·
_il.e and beryllium hydrodde prodl.lCtion;
eecond in pma.ium salts and magneeium
metal; third in COpper, gold, and vanadium;
and fifth in molybdenum, pbolphate rock.
and allve.-.

Table I.-Nonl'lHol .. N ral producUon In Utah'

.- - ""
;;;:==
- ....,'"
•
'"
1••161
.. •
II ,!:
•
".
•
- . ,. ..
..."
...
w 101.11'1
,~
,1,71 1

,.. ',,..• "'"

Q
m•
,'"
.....•
....•.m" ,'-'" .....•"
1~.1I3Ii
•
',1,.00

,.7
... MINERAlB YLUBOOK, 1984

Table z.-Valuu,f nonfue! ... imoral production in Utah, by count)"

m " 't.
N

,e ,~
Min 7 .... Jm>d_ \a Lf181

-
;" ..... 01 ......

".•• ••
____ on_,o , ___ _

u. -• •,
• ".• ~

• .,.•
m ~
w ~

....• •••
",.
" " " ____ " " " - - on

.....".•• •••
...,....•• ....""••
.-
Uio ......
U~

W-i'r'
W_ __
____
____ __ _

______ " " _ n " ____ _

nn

=====::::::
r _________ _
• ___ _

~
-
.....
n,
......
,.
•
•
•
'm

.....-........ __"" ___ _

-
u~ "" ~~
(~ '.,.800
~ -""----- ""--
D __ n O __ -
....."• n
n
" _ " _ - : : : :- : - : ' ' - - - - - - : : : _ ' "

, . . . _ __ • __ " n _ , "
•"'1,182 """
., !I'd "II '" _ r

T,1Me 3._I M.l.c.ton ofUlah ~"i_ Ktl.Ylly

,.,. ..
, ,~ .

- ---..:-
h ,! , p _ "
T-.I ____
PW~
-----------------------------.iUlMo..
on_ o t t ______ "
-~ ---
_, ,_, , .
__ n" ________ " " _ " " " n " " ___ " _ . " " _ " _ " _
_____ , , " . ____

_ _ """"
-, *.
."....
."
'l l,O'1 ~
• .m
s•.., ,' '......... of_
 THJ: MINERAL INDUIn'RY or UTAH 589
Table 3.-lnd ieatorl ofUtah bwJne. actI..lty CAntlnued.
,,.. 'M

~
•• ••
.u
••••
. 1,1
••
' IUl8

Il~ ..~ 111_

...
• ,1.
' lUI

..,. . .-..,...
,
.~

m
IF. 1'n
1: 1

'lii ""Ci 'im...

.. ~
m
IU7

1110

I:ll
'~m
- ",.-
"M
'~
m
11.120
I~m
ItUl It:;
,~~
"'"
_1IoeI_. .;;.r;;;_........
'l'oIoJ _
. ..". ." " " •• , •••" , " "., . . ..
v..... por ....... " " , ' ,
ue:

"" 5""" "".,"""5"55'

~lDd., -.. ..... ."••
~

MIl,!
m
~.

"Pr-!",;, ) , ".1' NAN.h. U,!! ,

'hz ·of ~ ___ "'oM-u.'" . I ., _ _ ..... _~.""
'!Io. ·of" ",het ' PiI e' " r tf '1 .DIo" ' UAo.,.,-urC =
.5'U:!, 0..,...-•
UA_ofW:;-'
.,0 ··z_ UA o.,a........of~. ffioP,...,.&IMI Hoo,.,. C

900

W 'MHlhel:1

TOTAL
600

.. .".
• . .'. '. .
• • '. ' . , .' • • • •
'
300
.. , ..... •••••• COPPER •••••••••••• 'W '

o
1977 1980 1965
~re 1,_VaI"" ot mine prOCl\id.lon II eopper Md total
prodadion In Utah,
"., MINERALS Y&ARBOOK , 1984

.---',
--
. .

!!.!II '
" 7

-..
,

•a
-•
~

•
·--
~

.- -- •

---. . ...
., , -
.. "I

.- -
·_--
~
..

... -
'Po'

.. ...._--
~ ,

-
_

.,. ... -ow

lit
II!
"", E,. , __
"DO r_ 5 _ _
- -
. "
-, co
c:- "-
•
-
Flpft t.-Princ:, .......neraI prochlci", localities In Uw..

Tft_ and l)eye&opmenta.-Mj njng in jH k F: for Itli eoprodlld. llnInium I"fI8Uited in

the State oontiJlued to II.lffer a IerieI of
M:' ...... Copper production plummeted ..
Kellllecott reduced output by two-thirds at
ita Utah Copper Diy. when fUl&l1cial kp.
weft n_@,beted by the refuaal 01 -mioo
rep .... ntati.-el to IU'qvtia~ mid-l983 la-
bor "IIIocmenU with the IlOmpanJ'. Utah',
QDPper induttry contended with the IONflIt
copper pries, in real te...ma, aj~ the G-.t
De,. 'on, .1"aiM markeu, 1arp inoren-
ton.. and inti EIS:~ CIXIlpetitioll from jrn.
portI. Gold, molybdenum, and silvfl', impor-
tant byproducta of copper prodl>Ctlon, .....,
declined .. copper mininc." tilt beck aDd
.. pric:IN for the preci_ n>ec.al _re .harp-
ly reduced. Pig iron production iDerEned;
hoftver, oree ..ere lIhippod in from out of
State IlDd the dept Ed . tee) ilId..try in
the Scate competed ,..;th JapaneM import..
on the _ coe", the iDcI.Wltry'a principal
wtIIII.em marketplace for lteel. Vanadium
output declined Iharply .. consumption of
fel'TO¥llIUtdil,lm by dom.tic ItftL produce,.
remained dept p1 and. .. continuIng low
the lIhutdown of Utah', uranium opel'-
.tio....
In the nonmebUa If"'OIlp, production d.
clirwl even though O\It""tol--. ~
tioD materi&la ...:-. "dinK oommo,jitiet,
in dE Fwlllirc Older of value, Included . .
ment, constr\Iction und and /lTaVil!, 1IIlle,
pot.aIII!.ium 1IIlltA, poo.phate rock, lime,
cruabfJd «.one, gil'Onlte, aulfu.rie add, 1m'"
.urn, clays, and I<dium sulfate. Decline.
wen noted in all oommoditi. uoept for the
lneresT! d output of cement., cia,., COIIBtnio-
t lon lIaDd and grayel, and a-.. ehed stema,
which ... attribut.-l to .;.pUlQUlt In·
err . . , . In rNidentiai CCIIlBt.n>d.ion Il1ld a
near record n.e in nonrNidential COIIBtnlo-
LIon. Other COIIBtnIction feU 8'1% in 1984
with the completion of cenain po"rpianta,
bric'g , and highw~ IIOme of ..hk:h were
damll(ed by f100dinr in the G"*"t Salt Lab
area.'
The wet-weather cycle that bep..n. in 1982
wntlnued d",ring 198-4, callsing a n.e in the
level ofG"""t Salt I .... to a peak of 4,209.6
 THE MINERAL INDUSTRY OF UTAH
feet and ~rely impacting industries on its
shores. Magneorium, potash, and salt produc-
tion we... affected when the lake waters
diluted their brinee and dAmaged ",,1Ar
evapontion ponds; aboo, the zirconium in-
dU8tl"y lost wlLlte water dispo J areas to an
invasion by Great Salt I .ake waters. Pot.asai-
um salts production declined signiflCalltly
.. hen mOIJI. of Great Salt Lake MineraJe "
Chemicals Corp.'11I01ar ponds on Great Salt
'.ake were flooded. The company Wall the
Nation'l IafKeort producer of aulfate of piIt-
uh.
In a growing awanmeas of the importaru:e
of the lake to the State 88 well all to ind ....
tries on itlllhorM, the U\.ah Geological and
Mineral · ~ pUblillhed two papers de-
IICribing the sampling of brines and fluctua-
tioI!s of the ICMlIa of Great Salt L&ke.'
Reduced activity was noted in coal, oil
and gas. and uranium mining in Catboo,
Emery, Grand, and Sen Juan Counties. In
Emery County, a major disaster oce1u·red in
December when a fire at the Wilbe.. CQo.l.
mine, operated by the Emery Mining Co. for
the U\.ah Power &0 Light Co., claimed 25
livea. Tbe mille W88 c1,.ed, causing many
mo... layofl"s.
Legillatlon and Go.-emment Pro-
........._The Governor signed four billa re-
lated to mining that were prned by the
1984 budget I-pion of the 46th I :giaioture,
meeting from. January 9 to January 28. S.B.
2Z ezempted modern.ization, ezpanBion, Or
new construction in the mining induetl"y
UVIEW IY NONfUft MINERAl COMMODITIES
OR production de-
and value during 198(.
uu. .
tho
::;-;;;''';;;;';"~
abort tons
ore tesef\'eOl
averaging 0.22%
... ofDecember81,19&1..
Bertnmdlte ores were surface mined by
BfIlIh Wellman and then trucked to ita mill
near LyndaJJ, north of Delta, Millard Coun-
591
from the sales or use tax for 5 yean begin-
ning July I, 1984; the exemption applied to
purchan - over $500,000 per year for mated-
.u., equipment, or service!! for any mine,
mill, reduction works, amelter, refinery (ex-
cept oil and gas), synthetic fuel·procFSOing
and upgrading plant, rolling mill, coal
washing plant, or melting facility. H.& 30
authorized. the Division of State Lan.u to
b.-ch the Southern PacifIC Railroad cause-
way and to construct s trestle to Inwer the
water levtol of the Great Salt Lake !Kluth
arm. S.B. llZ incre!ll!ed the occupation tu
on oil and gall from 2% to 4% (escept welill
producing leso than 20 barrela per day).
H.D. 180 mind the corporete franch.iae tu
(bond on income) from 4% to 6%. The 8d
special 9f!68ion of the 1984 46th LegUJlatuno
pared S.B. 1, one provision of which pro-
vided an appropriation of $600,000 to the
Water Resou""", Division to complete Itud·
ies on Great Salt Lake management,
The U.s. Department of Energy and the
U\.ah Department of Health awarded. Argee
Corp., Denver, 00, a $37.9 million contract
to remove 2.9 million tons of uranium·
vanadium tailings from theold Vitro Chem·
ica1 Co. site in !Kluth Salt I.ake City. The
taiJ.ings will be moved by tOO-ton, lQO..cer
trairm 85 miles to s remote area at Clive,
Tooele County, alter the dill!)1llal sites have
been prepared. A $1.7 million plant will be
built at Vitro to clean ground water and an
&gglegate plant at Clive to produce materi-
al to cover the tailinp.
ty, for pl"OCelJSing into beryllium hydroride.
The company aboo pu~ beryl ores,
primarily from foreign souroes, for treat-
ment in a oeparate cireuit, reactivated after
an equipment failure in 1988. The berylli-
um hydroride product was shipped to the
company'. Elmore, OH, plant (or conve ....
sion to beryllium alloys. beryllia ceramic,
and metallic beryllium.
Copper .--Copper production in the State
continued to decline for the third straight
year and, in 1984, dropped mono than One-
third in value all the average copper cathode
price plunged f"ro)m $0.7653 in 1988 to
$0.6676 in 1984.
U\.ah'B principal copper producer . . .
Kennecott, a lubaidiary of Kennecott Corp.
acquired in 1981 by Standard Oil Co. of Ohio
(Sohio). Sohio Willi 50% owned by British
Petroleum Co. Ltd. The Utah Copper Div. at
5.2
Binch,m Can;rorl. 25 mil. _tb ...... of Di.... production by two-thirde, beginning
s.Jt T·ke City, included one of the world', July 1. About 1,795 worlten ...ere iftdually
J.ar&-t open pit copper min. and II. precipi. Wd orr during the rem.j ..der of the year.
tate plant. Si%teen milM to the north ..ere The to!.al work force .t K enneoott head-
the oompany', Bonneville cruahlng and quarte ... and Utah Copper Di.... dropped
gri ....1nl "'<)IH'Mtrator aDd the Magna and from a peak of 8,000 ..orke... in 1972, to
Arthur not.tioD (lI)IK"ntnton capable or 7,.00 in 1981, to .,.00 in 1988, to ~ et
b I II.,. 108,000 100. of ore per dar. • ,-earead.lil84. n.ecopper wOiur'uaminp
....eIter with _ annu.al productioa capacity avenpd man thaD $22 per bow i.D "'&gaI
of 210,000 to.. or copper anode; aDd • and benefit. in I9IW, ofwhich $IS.38 wu an
rertaer'J' with.". ...... ua1 capacity of 195,000 averap houri)' wage, compare:! with an all·
ton. of 00pper CIItJ.xIe The North On U.8.·ind...m.- average or $8.96 per hour.
ShoGt ~rground miDe .t BifIBham .... A 6-,-ear gudy, funded b)' KelIneeott in
am belna' deveJoped. 1983, continl>ed to investipte ground water
The Sohio 1984 10K Annual Report to the conUmlnation from the Bingham. Ca.nyon
Sec:W'itiN and Exchanp Conu:n.i.ion show· operation. A COmpany repOrt to the State
ed the Utah OJpper Diy. mined and ~.~..~. Water Pollution Cootrol Committee, Sare
eel 21,965,000 Ihort toNI of ore yieldil!& DrlnJr.J.nr Water ('mnmittee, and Solid and.
139,an tool of _ ......cr. compared. with Huardou& W ·M Committee Indkated no
38,310,000 tona of on,rieklinc 200,&12 ton. COQ"min1tion or been
of "OOWCi i.n 1983. The .""r1tp ".me of on! found, • Ihal10w .... ter in
miDe:l ma 7 J from 0.626% coppet in
• kIeallzed po ...... in
198810 0.663% in 1984. In ~ order South leaching
of quantity, bnnoduct roW, molybdenum, IJ}'ttem, Reeervoir
Iilver, and l!II:!1enhlm., a1to ,,_ .eoo.e,ed. had been affected.
KenDecott', total operatina Ie aree guclied in
......
r I"(II!e from
$91 million in 1983 to '160 million in 1984, monitor the
owm, principally to • world of'eIBupply or
ooppn, deterioratin.l copper pc jc F" and
m jne curtsjlmetlt net'
x..•• ott "'ported that althn'gb ita
I

Utah ptopettJ' . . . competiti" on • world

~ .. both in size and quality of reee~
the Cljiblation .... DOt profitablto becat188 of
low copper prioe!l and antiq ....ted mining,
tl'aNportation, and concentTatina' facilitiee.
The l.bgna mill "M opened in 1907, the
Art.h~r mill in 1908, and the Bonneville
0'UlhI.., and ¢ndin8: p....t in 1966. Mod-
""I.!ion or the facilitiel .... ItiIl under
lIlud.}'during 1984. f'lVj< t I I ('bene- includ.
ed IniJit mMhing of ore. \aM of a eon~E)w
I)dem to CIU'Ty ore to a eona!!utrator to be
built DOr1h of Copperlon, and pipelining the
c:onoentratelll to the Garfield amel~r and
t,Ujnp to the Mapa ponda.
In Deoember, the &It '.ke Planning
Commilliion epproved zoning changetl al·
lowiDc tile construction of the concentrator
IIIId conwyor system. that were ICheduled
to ~ rgin in the third quarter of 1985 and to
be OOCIIplec.ed in 1988, pendinc a pproval of
Sohio'. board of dinctorI.
Citiaa: continued ~ II and the railure of
it. uaiotlll to lenegvtiate it. 1983 Jabor
a,reement, Kennecott . luhec! Utah Copper
 THlI KlNEBAL INDUfrl'B.Y or UTAH 593
Table •• -Utah: Mine production (' Koyerable ) ot ..,Id, .Iher,
CG!lPer , lead , aN. "lftC••y CGunly

-.
,,..- --------------
-
~

."7.. -""'
~

• 0.
-""'
~-
.0•

,---
.. - ----_._------ ,, •• •• •• ••• •••
,,,
boooo ________ __ __ __ __

~----------------
Sell !&M _______ __ __ __ •• •
• ••,
....... •
__. ____ ___ ____ -
, II.I •
~---------------
u~
l.(llt.46a
• "'M
• • ~ •
IT

- .~

,-.....-
J~
--:.---------
..... -_____________
. - ~-.---- -- ---
__
••
SelI!&M ___ • __ ____ _ _
T_ _____________ _ •w _. • • •
111'

u~T\ltOI
--"----
__ ___- ------
__ _____-------:\II·;_----_c:_--_c:_--_c:_---':_---':_---
W It' VI ... c·,'"
.---..
,
Galli".. ... GennuU.·Mum>SI
Min inl' Co.. a wbeidia.,. of ~plora­
Gallium and gennanium _re UIed in
Ceo. ge
elect.ron.ic appiialtloM, and germanium " ..
t.icxuI Ltd., V'_,...,r, Can.... , eontinued to ueed for infrared optice, fiber opt;.:., lemi-
develop the old Ape>: eoppe....uveMlinc conductors, and detec:ton.
property for plliwn and germanium. L0- Gold.-Gold production declined in quan·
cated ..... of at. George in the T\ltaagubet tity and value .. Kennecott'a Utah Copper
minina: ditt.rict netU' the aouthem end of the Div. cut beck it. B~ Canyon operation
BMwr Dam Mount-iM, the pi Opeily con- and. eon.tequently, ita yield of &Old recover-
ai .. ect of 22 patented ud 9 unpatented ect ... a byprod...ct. Tbe drop in aold prod!»
miDer&I cI'i_ aDd 2 1 F777~ claima. Miner- tion nJue .... part.IJr .ttributed to the
aliJation . . . 3 ",i·ted with the Apel vein plunp in the p. ice of sold from ID aver-
ud .. in the form oian irnwula:r dtimney age of $42:8.823 per troy 0UDC:e in 1983 to
of IMChrI, ..,.jdual iron oride in dolomiw 1360.656 in 1984. AddiUoaallfOld produce...
and lim.atone. Muato plannad to invwt in l'rattnd;nl' ord.r of output., included the
mole than 112 million to complete the Mereur I'OLd mine of Getty Minins Co...
development of the mine end to conat.rw:t • ..holly owned Iw.Hliary of Tn...., Inc.; the
proc ina: plaD\..· By yearen~, the ....... kal'nte Mine of Hecla MininI' Co.; and
bouee, lIbon.tofy, an~ d>op !)..ildinp had the Iron Bl_m Mine of Kennecott.
piN: i.,. plant and t.ilinp pot.
been completed. aDd oonat.ruetion on the Getty MiniIII' eompleted ita first full yell'
rom_ 01 produetion at ita Mercur gold project,
..........! Ha : ' RMMn:b lDc., GoIdea. ro, Camp P'loyd (Men:ur) miniIII' die!.rict.
apeDt 2,..... de¥elopiq the new p.OC7 77 in T_1e OM'nl)" 66 milM -.th of Salt I . ke
",Itich • hot acid leach IDd cementation ...... City ud 80 milM - .th: F7t 01 T_le. 1be
to be u.d to iew'Ci _E""r and ailver; mine continued .. the5t&te'a 31""'.:1 lat. 3'
.01...,.., ntn.oction would .epuaw plliwn. eold producer .
iron. end zinc; and germanium would be In February. Teueo took OYer Getty Oil
ehemlCIIIy Ie)llrlted from the n.mnale.. Co., the pa.rent eompe.ny of Getty Minina:.
Stoo:kpiled ore .... ezpeocted to provide feed and by yearend, wall ~ aellina: the
for iIbout 18 IDOIIthi of productio<l. eompt,ny'a Utah pLd and coal propertiM.
·94 MINEJlAUI YVRBOOK , 19N
Aooording to the OoId St·nd·rd Co. 19&10
Ullual "'pot t, 80,000 troy ",.r,(:! of gold
_re l\!W.eted in 1988 from the Mereur
0_ and 80,000 troy OW'iCN in 1984. Gold
Swwiard, owner of the mine'. on,inal.,500
- . .... to reoei .... 15'" ol the net profit.
alter Getty Mini", i 2 "".-.i
_ L A brief bistory aDd. ''&I
itll OWl!. in.....
n
':ina" 0.-
-,
.... of the Mercur,old poc; ' "t on p... '
lie reci lity '"'" detcribed in the liter-
I~
-
The 00GI.-n1 aI80 ...d itl
Owe •• "1Y.l: .&.0WId ~ mE-" in c.rbOfI
Caunty to K, " i Steel Corp. and eontinued
.....·ining roiri .... ..-l for the IIteeI. pa..,t
hWD it. capti .... Soale • • t Mine near Fa-
0Dla, 00. At tbe Gene'tll Worka, the number
ol open-betu1h fum_ in operatkln .as
reduced from five to th.-. and Iayof& to.
t.aled nearly 400 ..wk.... bringing total
employment down from 6,000 I.n 1981 to
2,m br yearend 1964. Utah County union
_benhip dropped from a peak ol
wwken in 1981 to 1.800 ill 1\1184.. A priYately
pHiehed .wei,. ~ the rOl'
Reel induatry and the Implialtiona of na-
tiOllal problema for the Geneva WorD,'
Nucor Steel Co." diYieion ofNucorOx-p.,
operated it.t.fOO,ooo..ton·pe ...yeu steel mini-
mill at Plymouth, So" Eld6 County. In
April, flat demand and competition with
other domeetic mill& and fonign importl
lOteed the COIlIp&IIy to cut beck from • 5- to
~ NE-Ir., aDd mil.. _ reduced from 15
w.... per week to 12 turns;.IIO workers we."
laW ott. Product. manufact.\lred iJlduded
reinforcing bar.. channeb., .".~ 1'OI.Inda,
flal8, ....d coiled rou.nct.. Nuc:or', Vul~
Diy. at Brigham City uted steel producw
from the Plymouth operation for the manu-
facture of joiItI: and }aiM. ,prdera. At the
Nuoor Orindjn&" Ball Di'l, near Brleham
Cit;p• • :: I 'COIlditiorul of the minint
ind~ Ilowed production of tteel ¢Odin&:
...>.
MapalulIl._Magne&ium metal produo.
me.
'*"'
tion
in
E.II ~ in '!llOWIt aDd ...Jut!, owina'
to a rille in demand (or the metal
&Dd. _II i.nec He in pi It:».
AMAX Mav ' \lIlI Corp.• a • •'-idj,.,. ol
AMAX lne., . . ,ted tb. N.tic:IIII·. , --oJ
Iai&"E21 magneR\lIlI plant OIl the.:KIth ann
ofOrat Salt T.ke at Rowie1. Tooele Coun-
ty. Macne.ium .... recovered from lake
. brin. coneentrated in 40,000 .,... of IIOIar
evaporation pon .... pwc" : j into ~
l ium chloride, aDd electrolytically MpIll'at.
eel. , into n::agnesi\llll metal ROd chlorine.
H....,. pnlCipitatioft in 1988 diluted lab
t.rt... and... jtated • continuina: $l~ to
120 million piojed to ..... dik. pm ' ·Ii.,.
the poodI; in 1984, tb. plaDt "'.. altered to
1" -.... brine.nth 5.8"" lDRfPlW.ium insle'd
of 7.2" m'lPi.ium, To augment ita own
.... pply of brine, AMAX Pl.!rch7l~ 800.000
Ihort ton. of lDalPiaium chloride from the
Kli nr AJumin\llll ., Cbemleal Corp. plant
at Wendo'Ier in flKchnp Cor 9,000 toni: 01
mIl" ium metal from AMAX. AMAX Rlao
aperimeated .nth iDe. ph,,, evaporation
by ..,j.,. • tripbenJ-1 metbaJMJ (Neptune
81ut) d)"l to J.eb .:nlilbt and rUle the
water' • .mAl:!!! heat. lhe. tb) aoo:eleraw.c:
thI ' ..te. AcoordIna: III the
;;IO~K:_~~;~""~ ..... IDIRII.,.profit
Uw.
n~of
"C company'll2-year
Copper Di.....
s.soo in the State,
! and
.......
us.
:~~~~~~~~ declined
r,~ inin$3.65
pound 1984. per
quanti-
ty and more than one-thi rd in vllue !Ill the
ave...,e price of the metal ,lipped from
$IU4 per troy <:K1i>Ce in 1983 to $&.14 in
 '1'HlI: MlNERAL INDUln'RY
1984. 'nIe princip&l ailver producer in the
State .AI Hecla'. F«a'ante Mine, II"Ol:!
County, followed by Kennecott'. Billlham
Canyon Mine, Salt L• .., ())unt)'; SuMhine',
Trizie Mine, Utah Cowlty; United Silver
Min.lne.'. Vipont Mine, BoJ: Elder C0un-
ty; Getty Mini!l«'l Men;ur &Old projecI,
Tooe.. Connty; and K .... _ :... '. Iroa BlI»
.10m Mlne, JuabC",nty.
Htocla acquired the F'Ma1'nte Mine in I
me.p • .,reement completed with Ranch-
era Ezploraticm and. Development Corp. ~
July 2G, 1984. Since 19'75, Ranehen had
)eur:J and developed the F...... lante Silver
MiDeI Co. Inc. propert.iel 42 mil. _ t r:i
Ced.r City. Iroo County, and on November
SO, 1983, ud\anpcl. 845,88j net thana r:i
F , .el.nte Si.lver MinaI. Fe::.;lanLa" _ned
the productioa rnyaity, • I~ ....: prnt!ta
inUl' rz1 . ancI the ie.e ...... ry rlcbt.p in the
mill and. mi~ ptopeiliea, therl operated by
RandIerI. After the death of it.p dUef ezec:v.
tive office" RanclIen became !.he objcd r:i
com~ 7DIIl1e' manueven by FIrat Mi6-
Il..tppJ Corp., Sunahine, and Hecla, with
Hacla amlrJing .. the winner.
Whil. Ope. .ting the Fac·I.nte, Rancher.
applied • bluthoIe open atopinr minm,
I)'MeID Allee! ",nd "iciD«,~ ..hl<:h the_
~ daveIoped !rom the ~ er.te ...
......., mini ... metbod. initially ;-.f .t thI
mlM. MIM productioD .... DOrm&I..Iy 1,000
to 1.200 abort ton. of ore per da,. and 35G
IIhort ton. or .-..te per day. on.. Merrill-
Crowe precipitation pn... 777 _ ;-.f .t the
7ro.ton.paMiay mill to - . . . the Iilver
and. ...rmery in the mill .pplied. an ..::id
lea.ch to remove the bMe met'l. befon
_Itiftc. MetalluraK:a\l"IIOOVIII"}'.t the mill
... .bout 81'" of the .ilwr in the nr., wi.t.k
:,"mlt'" d.ireet milling COIt8 of $1.53 pI!r
liM OUDCII during~ ,...1983-84.'
Aocordin( to the Hecla 1984 annual ,..
port, the F'Ma1.nte Unit , .::0. ...... 2.285,181
troy (11,,-( , , or llilve. in 1984, com.parad. with
2.247,4~ troy OUIlClN in 1983. M or Derem.
bar ' 31, 1984. relervel _re eBtIm.·... at
2,621,400 10M of ant with 9.4 Mince. d
alIver per ton, com.pa.red with 1,582,000 toni
with 10.4 _ per ton in 1!I88. Plrp!on.
..
lion durinr the :rear indleated • aoutherl7
HteMIon of. vein uw. m.y .ad •• ual
or UTAH ,.,
. at !.he mine totaled
""
i
00. _
_ ~ ""'. 130' F to
iMt,lIina: •
refrigeration unit. ReInImption
ol 710""" mM,1 prioea. lliOitl (.voreble
meta1 and r.vorahI'
_.
diIItrict. .. hil:h raJlk ...
.;Jve. prodw:tion and
.... de.cribed in the litera·
V.·.dluFn.-V. nadium production con-
tin ...... to fall, pluncilll" 82<A. in ton ..... ancI
8'1'" in .,a1ua, .. the po Lo : of 11.11 c:opl(:oduct..
unmiwn, (,L1 from January', $22 per pound
o(UA to $1 5.25 per pound.t yearend, and
p.rod.ucen OIhut down 01' cut beck operatioM.
Durin( part or the year, vanadium .AI
l.::o",red. from the uranium-vanadium 0,...
of the Colorado Plateau and. ehipped. to the
Au.. Corp.. mill _ lIf_, GraDel. County,
or to the U7dou CartlYie Corp.. FDilI .r U..•
VlUI, CO.
lEI February. the Au.. Minerah Di.,. of
Au.. Corp. b' pOI to idle ibp propam..
includin( I", Jut three operating ml.--
Pandora, Velvet, and Rim Columbue-in
San Juan County and ibp Moab unmlu .....
vanadium mill in GraJld ())unty. Bero",
eomplet.i..,- !.h. aIIutdown in mid·May, the
00DIpa1l7 ptoc E~ • IMp atockpila of ore
ancI drew down it. inftlltory 01 ehemlc:al
FDillioa -cent!. About 17Sworken ",re laid
offend SO retained to m, in tain the fadlltiel
on • -...db)' b p,i. pendi..- an imPr"O'llmfll'
in the uranium market. Ac:o::ordin& to the
company, In ;'" n-:L year ending June 30.
1984. Au.. Mina.alIlOld 308.000 pound. of
U.o. in concentnote and 2,783,000 pound.. of
vanadium pantozide l"8CClW!rad. from ..oek.
596 MINERALS YURBOOk, 1984

U,",,- Tho

--
of $8.89

• !."min(

....~n,
of 1984 output,
Portland ee.
owned subeidlary of

... ...., ..
TX. 660,000-
plaDt at

..........,.,
_k at

.....
IluibUity
w_' ~
... IMr'ffIr rec:overid.

Union Carlride I;......."

mine near Moab
01 tine WIIB mined
Bk 3' "" Mille, JUoIIb

prima.,. zirconium
hafnium 'poDge and
IpORp to i.J:!cot.
.... produced rrom Iin:on _
A uatr&lla at • plaDt in the
Ind....trial Park, aouth of
Weber County.
oompany req\lt!8ted pemdMjon from
Water PoUutioft Control Commit-
• $) million wute _lei' tn."
pvmp the trNted .... ter into
Lake. The rilJil\l" lake had invad-
IODM 80 _ In eIistina ponds whue
did not~~·u~.~.~-
option, • $10 IIlilUon termina-
Uoa pe.yment WO\Ild be requirod. Southwest-
ern alIo pu .....' . J Martin MarietW.' •
~ WO'rkina" eropital, .um.tood .t
$12 million. Aooo,dlng to Southdown'. 1984
10K Annual Report, the market aru. of the
plant included <'!eDtnJ and IOUthem Utah,
CoIondo'. wMtem alope, 1OUu-ten> N...
ftIda, I(MIth... ntern Wyoming, and north·
_tern NI!'W Mexico.
The Federal Environment Protection
Agtoncy incll.lded two dumPi at on. cement
 TIll: IIIINDA.L INDUSTRY 0 .. UTAH
company on the SuperfUnd list, mnki", the
lllte. eligibl" for cleanup !DOney if the prob-
trati0n8 of_YJ
lem ia not voluntarily ..,lved. High CODOI!II'
met.ale, iIIcl"d;ng ~
chrom.ium, aDd '-i, - . . cited .. beina'
pi EEE ut in kilIIdustand bricb.
C...,.z.a.y and WJe OI.Itl'llt inez: E7I~
in quantity and ..alue; the .versp unit
value Increued marginally from $7.18 in
1983 to fI.l4 in 1984. The principal common
S"mmit Co.. n",
cl-'J' f.IId ,hi" produoer _ Utelite Corp.,
followed by ln~
Corp., Utah Cowlty; lnum"- Brick Co. Jt
it. Fi_MiIe pit, Too"e County, aDd J iII1
0.,. pit, Utah County; Mutin Mar>eu. .t
ita Hank. All .... pit, Juab County; and
Redmond Clay and Sait Co . • t ita Sanpete
Coullly pit.
W..um Clay Co. mm.d lJW'"lIi.ng benton-
Ite .l Ita Redmond pit and fuller'. earth .t
ita Auron pit, both ill &rie. Cowny. R. D.
WIIdley Clay Co. mi .... n .... cley .t ita
W..u.,. pit, Utah County.
'n!.e """,mon d.,. _re UIfId meirlly for
lD&Ilufacturing face brick and lightweia:ht
,,"Iepte, followed by portland eement,
tent ........, flooc and well eejllmj.cs, ...n..
';v., and . nim.! feed. 'lbeu.. ryIecI ......
pte _ uMKIlarply in Itructural concrete
..... bJock. s-J.li.n( ilentollite .... ueed (or
.nim.l feed, drillinc mud, and waterproof
nzl.nt. F\re clay WM uaed for foundry
JIlUPlI81 and fuller'. earth for mineral oil
clerifie.tk>u.
Grephite {Synthetle).-HercuJ... lnc.,
Ae''*I_ Di.. ~ at ita Beoch Ui Worb, _
the principal prod..".. of I)'llthetic ,rapb.
lie, _ ur.ctwinc the oomgywlity for 11M in
p1_ 01 metalI in Mro.p&ee equipment,
tenru. nICkel., letr; 11 .... : , and for other
pII, P: I: where weight .... iII1portant. In
1984, the oompeny, with It!()N then 5,825
emplOY:H, bec.me the IeCOIld latgeIt pr!-
..ate lndUltrial employer ill the State. Syn-
thetic ,...phite output iDe. : : ! about Uto
ill qu&lltity and Wile.
Gy.-__Al· ..... ..,. production of C'P'
8Um ..... liMCl. output 01 the calcined prod-
uct uMKI for wallboanllnereued more than
11,. in quantity and nearly 21% ill value.
OeofJia-p.a(JC Corp. and United Statel
an-um Co. wntinued .. the prindpal pro.
dueera of ttude end celciDed ~. Gyp.
IIIIm ... mined 9 end 7 mil eE, ' III-tively,
1I01theut of the compalliel' cnlljbinr end
Pr!;o( illg (...ilitiel at Siprd, Se¥ier
County. Crude gypaum . . . ...., mined by
Thomaa J . Peck '" Sotu Ine. near Nephl,
Juab County.
5.7
U.-.-Lime production
quantity end value u the~,~~ '"
iDdustri. bzock "_
•
Utah Copper Div. Oen.tar waa
the 101" produow of hydrated lime.
MqneIlulII Compoundz.-Althoua:h
magnesium compounds' sal. WtC7Ied
~ly 17~ in quaotity, their value declin-
ed about 4%. GI'fat Salt Lak" Minerals, •
di-rifton of Gulf ~i'OM '" Chetnicat.
Corp., with f.II annu.al cap7lcity of 100.000
abort to... of m.,: 'urn OJ'w. equivalent.
obtained macn_um chloride and other
produdll from the brinell ofOreat Sel t Take.
west of Ogdeo, Weber County. Magro_ um
~hloride in bittern. W8lil I'IICQvertd .. the
ronal product from the IOlar n.porat.>on of
lab t>nne.. Kailer A1umillum '" Chemical,
with an annual caPllcity of 50.000 too. of
MaO hiCO .... ed . ~um
..,.... ev.pontion from
Lok:!';'~'~':~~;
Sol,
In 00'
Pax Co. plant ill
the Georgia·Pacific plant.t
tio!I of the treeted product 9<A. ill
q ..... tity and ower 18'9(, in wue.
PbMpheu ~k.--Che¥rOn ~
Co. wntinued .. tile only pboIphtote rock
producer in the State and mined pholphate
rock from the Upper Permian Age Park.
City Formation 12 ...u.. north of Vernal,
Uintah County. 0.. were cruahed at the
ml- 'wand tran.poorted by a lo.incb NUl'-
ry pipeline to the mill for further ~
and cI.eir.... tion. foUo"ed by floI.atlon.
About 18 trucb per day _... u.d to
deliver OCIIICen tratea to the PhOizton rail
terminal, north of Heber, W...tl:h County,
for lhipment to ('4n1dien fert11laer plantz.
,•• Ifl:ND.AUI Y&\lI.8OOII:, 1984

.v pert at a S250 million pb..ph.u. fertiJ.. poteMium NJta in the State, TuaI!JulI, a
bel' oompleJt to be built in Wyoming and
Utah, Chevron bepn • flO million upIIl'I-
":'I»idia.,. 01 Soci'' '
Nation'le Elf AqlJi-
talne (a 67% French Govemment-eontrolled
Iioa project at i~ mine and beneficiation oil oomPtlllY), recovered pota.i",m NJta at
pJ.u.t near Vema!. N_ 6Uto(reDOUll and itac.oa Creek operation neer Moab, Orand
wa.6ntional Jrindini: mLll. and two pump. County. Peno.,-Iv.,.ian Ap t'tapori* were
iq .tationll wen m.t.tlled u VernaL Ez_ IIIlution mined "'POI' pot.bermaI Mat to
tecaioe i 2 1......1j"" work.
iIIchMtinc .KtH>- d' 4ft the pot.h at a depth of 2, 'J89 feet.
tourine" the ..... 1(,.1.""'lnr topeoil, aDd BrinM "e,1 pumped to the twf_ !'or
122 Un,: __ CQrItinWlill on _Ie curreDtly enpontioD 011 ~ ud
aDd prevkKI8ly mined 1and ill the Brush .alta wnaled and to
Creek 111M. A 1O-inch4i·meler phoIpba~ : :
aluny pipeliDe .... to be laid 9(j mil.. from
the benerlCiation plant to • nrll' 4OO,OOO-ton-
p&l'yeu a mmonium ph(wphate r&rtIliz,er
plant ..... Rock Sprlnp, WY. Cobmuetion
on the W,omina plant berm in mid-19840
aDd __ aobedu1ed for comp\etioa in late
1986. Up 10 1.8 million ' - per year at
pbo.pb.te COlIOltIItn.* will be ..hurled and
pumped over. 7,mo.coot pMI in the Uintah
Mo\mtejrw Water for the IlllrTJ' will come
&om .....,.jmed WIIIIte water at the Vernal
011 dation. The Ph....ton ..ailhe.d operation
wi1I be diJcontinued • will Uipmenb! of W: in a primary
un per day of pbo.phate conoentrate to ~nd, Potaeai",m
SaIl '.ake City. IIII1ta were PIOCF77E~ th~ a notation
Utah pboaphate rock production declined c:oneefIlrator to .eperate the h,alite (llldium
about K in q\WIUty and -t.... in HISI, ehloiidfl) ud aylrite (Jd' ium elUoride).
.. bile output <II the combined Wtratern , whieh were ek lEd in the fall
St.1ea, Idaho, Moal,"" and Utah, produo- rain and tloodm,
i!Ic more thaD 1091. of the Nelim', pm. ",,",or
pbae, dropped 1_. Acoordina" to Cbeuon,
prooIudion of about 650,000 abort tons of
conee:ntratM per )"Nl" in 19St ..M upect.ed
to ill" 25' , to 1.3 million. ton. by 1986. The
qu.antity of on mined per year will be
Wei "2 t from 1.5 to 3.5 million tona."
Aboolt 180 pengQ were .mployed at the Salt l Ake MineraJ.. nol"l"Mlly re-
Bnah Creek .... openotion in 1984. An P"" ium •• Ir.teI (a.ieo <:ailed 11111·
• .,.,. (){ 400 1I'OI"UrI wen! to be employed P"'"h), NJt, aodiluo ,.wfatel, and
dllrina; theOOD8tnlctiOD period. megn'ium chloride from the ...,...... otnlted
PetuIl.-NaliooalJ.:r, Utah ranked Ie oood bri... of GTeat Salt Lake. The hrinea orere
in potNh prodllCLioo, bMind N.,.. M ........ PIImped fl'Olll the north arm of the lake til
.,.d foUowed by Californ.... In O(lntnu/t to 19,600 .ere. of ",Jar evaporetion ponds \Ill
mGt I " I output.,.d NJ. ill the other two BMr Lake Bay WftJt 01 Ordln at Little
Statea, Utah'a production 01 poturriuml&lta Mountain, Weber County. The pror71F '
dec. 2II! d 32%, Total ..u. declined nearly lncluded. .Jective CI')'8tallbatioo and dePll"

equivalent, Stocb d. """*'

13'" in qllll1tity .,.d 3O'lIo in value of K.O
66'" by the end
of the .e~.tUia" period, ".., dec • . 2 ,e ill
output and the drop ill IItI.lCU of po:u.ium
NJtI ..... due to bef,Y1 preclpitatioo and
lition of NJta. 'nit producta either were ",ld
in a en.lde natel or were pi<XEF"d into
flllilhed. eommodiUe. at the plant,
On May 5, Deal'l,. 85'iII of ita .0lil' _PII"
I'I.ti\lll pondII were n_le-l wheo the outer

w.._
comequent diluti\lll of bnne. ud the Hood·
i .... of evaporation pond8 in the Great Salt

Two CQrnpani., Tulllllrlllf Chemicals Co.

01 TeQ.llKUlf Inc, and Ka;.er ChemicaJr of
Kailer A1umin",m I: Chemical, ~
cIib of the Iyatem ..... h...:hed, ft!eU]tm,
In ."e.e damage til dikfll, pond HOOTS,
bridgeI, pump nationa. and other stru.:-
tu .... Brine ",l",tions were diluted, render-
illl' them "'lllIwtable for the prod",ction of
.ulfatel 01 p:ltft8h, Great Sa]t Lak. Minerale
 nil: NIHBIlAL INDUSTRY 0 .. UTAH 599

..-1.-1 I $10 million advano. (ron! I w U,",,-

blMin_ interruption inluranc:e claim IlDCI General Hm pl.,.....t ill Ameriean Selt on
ocmtinued to repair dik", to protect. the the market in the apring and, after Dia·
pond .ymm. In 1983, the eomptuly . pent mond Salt Co. turned down • Letter
$8.1 million and, in early 1984, 18.8 million I
to raiM the dik",. Several yea... will be
required to ... UD>e full product>on ofpot',
Ilium lUlf".te. Befol"ll the floodin, of ik
._"", the ftrm .... the latp« producer of
pot 7uium .ullall, • speci,lty fertilizer, in
the Unit«! State..
Acco.ding to the Gulf P " Nt .... " Chem-
ical Cnrp. 1984 10K Annual Repnrt, jXItII8i-
um ,u.I(.lI production declined from. high
or 203,000 mort tOOl! in 1981, to 150,000 in
1983, to .1"0 in 1984, bec:auae or the 'If«
_ther CJcle, ..hich t rp n in 1982 and companiel in IteI
continued durin&: 1984, raisinc Grilli Salt wen.."ui.l,. imptlCtld. by Oond jng.
r..i. to lIN!" Itwtd.higb lavela. In A~ Sand IIId G..~trvcfion. Oem·
becaure of the f\oodinl .. 50 employee. ..ere
laid 011", 1"110:10"';", the _k fOl"O!l to 190. ~.....
. C; : .U.s.
"
On November I, Buu.e. a..ou..... Co.., I
... beldiMy or Buttm Gu .. Oil Co., and the
BUrllllu or I · nd Maneg.ement (BLM) signed
a potaah mining 1 _ on appro.imalll,. 12
~....... mil'" 0( Federal land. near the
Grand County airport, 12 mn.,. north of
Moab. Application to BLM for p....pecting
peilwt. rtIrted in 1972, init.ia1 uplontioo
in the vee. b g in in 1978, and "'(11"
million dollan bad been ..,ent on the pr<;- ori,.
_ by 1984. FUlI....le developmeDt of • with about
-, Utah, with
.olutioo mine ... upected ..iWn I few Ten leeding OOillltl1JCC.ion sand and
with Pf'OCiuction of 1 million toN of produce.-., _ h of whom more
annually !lild employment for 8liO than 500,000 ,hort 67" or
the production in the The following,
listed in deecending order of output, were
the largNt IIoUld r.nd rp-avel producinr com·
paniea: Monroe Inc., Jack. B. Pa_ Con·
IItructioa 00., Gibbon, and ~ Co., Peter
Kiewit and Son. Co., MACiCEI Joint Ven·
ture Co., and Cltk.a Rock Producu Co.,
oollecti.,.,I, ICCOUlIting for 1M"' than. 4ow.
of the toc.aI. Th. ~ uee of .and and
grawl in the Stall .... in ...,.d hue and
ooverinp .nd ltlbilization, follO'll'ed by oon·
crete ~lI, asphaltic concrete, and fill.
All t"""pOrt or IIoUld and ITlvel .... by

iaa FFr:I &rm'Dd (or

I....
Rrd".."....t Clay and Salt had _
.. truck.. Th •• ver.... value of land and ..awl
80Id durina the

tl'/"f!rY
,1Ial" ..... $2.27.
IIId...trioL-laduatriai rand iI au""",.ed
~ and in 1984 .... produced by _
of the COiDpilD.,J at _ aite in Salt I .k. Coo.>nty.
Iargeet opel!. pit IIiI.It miner in the WNtIlDCl Total output ... .,.,,,. un.ll and .... utoed
produced roek salt, II8ed principally for entil"lll, for moldin.& and core and I7Mdbla;t.-
lio ertock purp'm ' A major portion of the "",.
product ... . .hipped to t he Stater adj;oeat
600 MINUAL8 YLUBOOr.: , 1984

,
--
Q", ','Q
".
r:

--------------------------,-----.------

8oItI1UII ~ Salt leke Miner- from the ctwn,," Oil Co. re6Dery.ln o.:ria
• _lliIued. to 16W.er b:JPlochxt IOdiwa c.enlJ ilia 7 P' d in quantity but declined
.wf.~ r...... the b..u... 0( G.... t Salt Lab mYalue•
at I" openoticm . . - <:I Osden _pita the SIl1t\uie Add.-Utab nnked third
elfecu 01 the noocleo! ponds. Of the thret amonll' !.he St.te. in output of "bypToduct
stat. producin, the product Ca l jfornia, wlI\Iric add.. R ' 'ooerecl u .. byproduct of
Teu., ancrUt.h-Utah raoked third. Out- copper production, the quantity of the _
P\lt of the commodity """ajned the HIDe . . modit)' produced in the State declined but
that of 1988. howevw, it roee liiahtly in rwe in value.. Nationally. auifurk: add pr0-
val.... " duction inc. : 3Fd ..u.stantia1ly.
8ton~. Stone production ill ....-vey«t by
the U.s. BurellV oCMin. for odd-numhtilecl.
yan only; therdore. thi8 chapter contaiN
0lIl1,. : Itim' . lor 1964.. 00.. for _no
DumMied , . , . .... t , 7: I ... ann...I _
p&n,)I 2E ,im"ee made before yeare...t..
'l'bt q\lantity and ....Jue of CI'IIahed ......
prodlldl.oo!. We. ' r d . .in .. r.un..cs. and
iDd~ on the Ibort!. at Great Salt I .ke
continued to ..... and ~ nail w..
~ the 1aIuI aDd to COIlStnIct dik. pro-
tectina ~wa. potash, and I&It planta.
In ODe tumple, at. 008t af$48 million over
the paIIt 2 yean, the Southern Pad11c
~t1on Co. rai'ad about 40 mil. of
rail IiDe .. much .. 7 feet to ..tllliWlrd it.
ellua..,., aero. the nort.h arm of Great
Saltt..k• .
Sliltur (Reeovued). Sulfur 'ecG""ed
 TID MINERAL INDUSTBY OF UTAH 601
Table 6.-Priadpal produo:en

Sui"II~""" r ,., V,l i ' owrd ralaM....: ........

Salt LUo Cit:1. 1JI' 8U A
!btl, iKi(I'I' Di..... a... ___ ..do , ______ ______ _
Soi .. A
SpoQ,..,WAimlS
,",W. . 2960_ ,w~
Ball LUo (lOy, 1JI' &1116 ~.

Q,., , .und plant.. n n n _ )4. : "

••• Ao _____ n ______ _ SaI.Laluo.

___ Ao _____________ _ Mill ......

Opoaplt_udplao..n__ Utah.

_n -"" n n n _ _ _ ' ___ _

"'''' ''' ''_Co..
.... boidlary ofMoumaiJ>
-~ _ ________ _
IiloIitaCo.p _ m ()pat> plt ............ plant n n
Co&Ioillo, UT 84011
w-...a.".Co.' _____ _ -,~
()pat>plt_ . n ______ _
Aurora, UT84620

--
lUlII _ _ _

Salt LUo Oty, UTIIIL06

_w
l\:>ooM, UT 8'0'1 ~
0.- pit..w... miIl,"""""
",-pulp plant
OpottpitmiM ..... plant __ n So ... .
___ -"" ___ _____ . _ n n

~.~ 9ooo/planL n n n n _ n _
1I=61n
I'r-. 1JI' 114008

_w,
MSw.. .oea...u.
SaltLUoQt,. UUUOI
Qo.w:<7 ....: plant n ____ n

_ m Opoo pl' mlna &Dd plan. ___ _

OranWoiIIe,UT_
_n ..do _____ n n ____ _
-~
-~-
\!38Norih I!2C5O Wool Solar .. ......... p.... l n n _ Do.
Salt LUoCl.,. UTlI4l1fi
"""'PIa Stu_..
... .....J,UTMOm

9oIar~-." L Wobtor,
tra..... pl&nL

___ ..do n n n ______ n ,..,....,

n_ ..do _____ n_ __ ____ Soltt.U.

800''' ' ·." .. _.n.ble.

602 MINER,U .s Y&ARBOOK , 1984

Table 6._Prlndpal produceno Continued

-
--
u WootOontral 100••
MIU'TO)'.I1fNHI'1
PI'. .DC1 pi.&.oL ___ _ _____ _

_ __ ...do _____________ _
PoterK;...il..-tac-
~
_ _ lDo ___ ____ _ __ _ ...do __ _____ ___ __ _ _
, Pi.. ond plant. _________ _

PIt __ ______________ _
8DONooth16QO W,,",
-~-
-g
_ptL :,I1fW26
-,~

-~-
_ m
81.M;,. tIT &l511
-,~
G...... ~....noo..OOSl501
 The Mineral Industry of Utah

By Lorraine B. Bursin'

'n>e valoe of ~ minenol productioD
declined I'rom $Ii25 million in 1984 to $312
mjlliOD in 1985. Metal productioa fell from
two.thirds of the total val\MI of nonfuel
minera18 in 1984. to one-thini in 1985!)&.
callie of continued low priceII and the abut-
down of the State', principal producer of
oopper and its bypioduew, SOld, moJybde-
num, and e:il.ver. ReflectiDg the Ilump in the
unnium and steel industries, vanadium
production cp , : I 'Ihe total value in indue-
trial mlDera18 output deetH 7F t about 5<K>,
.nth declinee ill native upbalt ~),
lime, ~ rwk. pntaeh, 1IIllt, 80djnm
lII1lfate, aDd cruMhed ....... e, Indu.trlal min-
eral productioD _ af1'ect:ed by the down-
turn in the copper and .tee! indllilti''S,
which u.ed the oommoditiel in pffif ' tnr
ores, by the _ of /"ewer fert:ilizen in the
egrieu.ltural industry, and by the I"iBiDi
Great Sait Lake that flooded eoIar pondI!I OD
ita ahon!a and diluted brittea bein& ~
lot' varioua industrial product8. Portland
and maeonry' oement, 1YPJUlD, ronotructioo

... · 5 01
-., -.,
.m
"'• "·n"• '.....
I.':: m
"'••
.,,,,,,. .'....
m
~
.... .,...
... m
1.1 •

.... "'~"'"• ....• •

u
.......
lU.

1'1>101 ____ ot t _o o _________________ ,_ _____ __ XI

__ d ' , ''II
..,
. ..:1- )(lI(UAUI YLUBOOK, 1985

TaWe Z,_Nonfuel_inuala prodaeed In Utah In UN. b7-my'

-----------------------------

------------------------------
---------- -------------------
-----------------------------
----------------------------- ,
,,

900
w ':iltllhelcl
TOTAL
'"~600
~
~
o
o
z
o . -" .-'
.~" ..
.,
"
~

=- 300
••••••••
.-.·····COPPE·R·····
-- ..... -...
••••••
'W"
'"
o
1977 1980 1985
npre I.-Valve ofmia~ productloa of copper Uld wtaI ~ve of nont\tel.tneral
ploduction 10 Utah.
 THE MlNDALINDtJ8TaY OP UTAH • ••
:):)J

Table !.-Ia4laton of Utah "'-i_ acthity

..
, ,...

or-! ___ ___________________________ ..... __ _

~ .U ......
. ,m• • _
'~.IM
O.
'.....,
I'''''
~
111. -
'''''
~
~,

.a'"'". .rJ .Il::

.Ii!
"",
Ii

II::

_ Mi n ,
TOIaIendo-
all""""'''' oal....
Vo.... poo'"",,,," _alnhoo
__
T n
UUUUU _u n n r r n n
nn __ n n
,
________________ n
-',,'
__ n •• 4
_
4_
_.
.oo
M

'~'M
ft.

, """ ",,'y"'---
~_, ... c ... U,8, ",,",n_'",t.bo<.Ihc' 0., "",,_.,.0 ,7' " . ', ' .. """

emd PEd ,...~ aDd dlmezwlon _01., howe

_ , _ID value principally .......Z'Moian
inc:reue ID DME--:I.Itial n ....nxtim,
t.hroIzcbout the s....
Utah', prlucipal mineral ....... moclitiet,
li_ed ID d&c:t in.. order olvalue, iDcluded
•••
""
d,,.hid&; I l L...'" in " I ) ' p l um chloride; I'Iltvno oootnct. with Me' tic 1IftI1Ium, QJ
tbln!. ill pet.... and 041+' , Mh in F-- pl_ ~ on 1Utw. _t...e" for
phey rock aDd .uwr; aDd mth in sold- imported 1U1ll1lum, (3) adopt eqWtabMI fi.
""Y"II' the State.. Utah', iotal value 01 IIADCiDc lor mill taili"", reclamation, and
DIIlIbl miDenJ output .tumpeel from 9th (4) C\Irl.all M". of Federal Oo"mment
,....
pl_ in 1983, to 16th in 1984, and 24th in

'l'I .. aDd 0..*, 7.c..-M....J ....

.tockpU. J*>d;ng
unnium r r EI,
L',..···..... ~
·-at 01 ruture
(;Gla- " t Pto-
dIactioa in the Stat. w<lPP'd p " 7 _ThIO 00,&.- elf'*' the roIlowiIrc
KED cutl', Utah Diy. bIllI,P"tec!tomin;.,.tbet ___ rF ttl)'

;~
tbel9860 AhalS 'noltbe.etbIo*-
u

letuN, IIIEE b. from JuUU)' a to F....

t

a1}' 2"/. s..'\AI bill 97 authoe [ ~ ' " mnu""

In thI oil and . . h..!,wt.,..
Stat. Stu! Ooz-p.', (t188) 0.
Worb _the lMtinm pel IiMI opet-tjm
!DU'"
for ..."-r and flood "Gjeck aDd IIJIPI"OPrlt.t
fill S20 mlllion for ar..t Salt 1 . " pump-
m, aDd diking englnFlima ,";"diM. aDd
matclUq' fwwIII for JI'ede,,"1. dlkb,.. D"O"*1
aDd few dll.inc the Jordaa Rmr. s..,·w
bill Jill nqw...i the ~ ~n 2!'. ap-
..Oila! bod... natanl III: m"*k Oould '"
alW, ! Hoo'. bl.ll162 .eoN :44 tbe NqUlre.
m Xl tbet the Utah 0 F~ aDd Min AI
aw-.e, t. situated OIl the Unh6llit) 01
Utah campua. JIeow bill 168 nquind pea-
altiel aDd rme. oollecled by the; DI...wicm 01
OIl, 0.. and Minin&, be depoeited in the
"'''ndonecl -Mine Pee!'J!\f!t!oa. -,..,.'''nt.
H~ bill 180 aipulated that aD 'P1 pzI
from the Board 01 Oil, au ancI Nin;", •
noot • &rial de _ aDd a'.t.li."'~ the
WI., Stu' .., .... ,"" 01 judg.! I ..... . H"",g bill 181
p... the bn! 01 Oil 0.. IIDd Klube
.uthorit)' to 1"fIgU1ate plan.. tMt treoat IIDd
pm eNde oil obtained from , •• pita,
dIq J pmdg, etc.
UB. Bweal.l of Min., Salt t.h aty
~ Center. activitM., thrO\IIb direct
.Ppioptlation and OOOper.ti... I 1I I' reb ~
..... with ~, illduded. adftno:ed
.pplk:a~ 01 c:oI.wnn flottoUo:n: pm ing
'"' I " ...m.n.Ja; , . . . ea) 01 c:ritioosJ IIDd
.tnllgl.= ml- ... frommuaUW-,,-,
• ,'4 ~ IIDd IE .--.d'"
sc:r.p; r..
wo..1 01 .... !thai -'l'i,I_'·mlne.... frOII:I
rw;idual . .ten; h,td.. ·, pt.nlllJla.l tech-
noICID' {or trNting orea, DOIICIIIItrat., IIDd
.oI~: . toO.ety 01 pllium, p'",... ium,
t.Dt8.iwn, tellurium, and tlt.Dh...n by by-
drometaIlW"gicaI method.; Md. sdvsneed
.pplb~ 01 miDenaJ. 1",",II"ag I.e.,.
.uiAiCiltleal fiuidL Siplficant .......bI . . .
ob'·h.... in ~ • c:oI.wnn fIot.' .....
pi,", 111 \I,II"ri.,. • _ utenW bubble
T-tiac 01 Ui d.in'. . . ID1De!W
.,d 1W
g • •• Ior.
Ibowed. !hat impoo.iid .,:,,''1'0
t

Uld. better grsdM and I t ce ... ' " _,101 be

tdUeved., IIDd vanuu. ouppe., lesd, IIDd
molybdenum upe •• tio.,. were pI.nning
and./ortu: lingthepw( •
 5.'i5

,
-I• • I - •
I I
,

I_i I
,
- I I
I, I ,
I I
, I
!
t I !
I
, ,
I
I, ! I,
I I
•I I I
I!
I
,I I
fll III I'
556 MINPUS YEAllBOOK, 1986
IEVIEW IY NONFUEL MJNHAl COMMODmES
......
IUrface mined. bertnnd-
Pit( . ...
hydroP;Ie f'rom the
and in a circuit
- •
UIah'. principal copper
been Kennecott, a subsidiary
Corp. acquired in 1981 by
&",dero Oil Co., formerly Standard OIl Co.
o! Ohio (Sohio). Standard Oil wall 50% cnm-
ad by Brltiab ~Ieum Co. Ltd. The Utah
Copper Div. at Bingham Canyon, 25 miles
IIOUtbwest of Salt Lake City, included one o!
the ororJd'8 largest: open pit oopper minee
and a precipitate plant. Sixteen milea to the
oorth were the company'. Bonneville enlIIh-
ina: ami grindinjj =-ntrator ami the Mag-
na ami Arthur notation conoentrators capa-
ble of treatintl108,OOO short tons of 0"' per
.. •• -Ed,
50,068 net
wi'"
~~~~~~"~P~I~"'~
~ ......
U.s. Department o! Labor IIf8lIted
more than $2.6 million in aid for 8,500 to
4,000 Kennerd.t and SIIppon-inciu.try work-
era idled by the Utah Copper Div. ahutdcnm.
Under the Job Tno1njnll Partnership Act.
the Wasatch Front &ruth Private Industry
Co1.lJlcil admln..iatered the program to est.1>-
Usb a dislocated-worker reIIOUrt:e center and
to impiementjob training ps iet . """.
A '.year qineerlni; ostudy ofmethocb to
modernize Kennec:ql;t'. Utah facilitiee to
gain a l',t..tantial reduction in production
~ ..as completed in December 1985, and
tbe company announced • 8-year, $400 mil·
lion PI<4lam to update the antiquated.
 'I'HlI KlNUU. INDUBrRY or UTAH
......iDUMI.. operation. on. project ia- before 1"O'hrni"tion could tab pI_
eluded ~ IDO\'able iD.pit eT""hinl With the Ihutdown of the _ntntorl
fllcillu., • &.mile w 0 -'~ .,..tem, • at I4afrna, the laili np pondI bEg.n to dry
new pindinl plant .t Copperton, t.nd pip&- out, and blow:\na: c1..- b~t of .:0'"
linN to cerry alurry from Coppmon to the complaint. from local re.ident.. Kennecott
.dItinC not.tlon Q!>nCentratorl neu Mq- initiated. • P-Ii mil]joll p,,*, am 10 control
na. n..
COI!.wyon ud plptiln. 1JO\I1d ,... the dUlt, Induclin& .,ter impoundment ....
p'_ the njet:inl ...un.! .nd tzucl.. _ OIl the pond', Ina !'!rlg the _ter no.
ha ..lj .... .,...... !WwI.lIed for oompWdoR to .s,OOO l.nOna per minute, aDd plad".
in "It'
11188, the Utah Cow.. Di\'. -W d."'ica l aabili IlIon1'-1o
phwP '1"1,000 toni; at ore per u,. ..... Aot .,..tala . . . . !'eItnIeturinc. Atlantic
prod_ 18-SJWI toni; at coppet per :r-r, RicbJWd Co. (AROOJ b I'll diiS£'!n. jta
pi... 1Old, mol,ybdenum, Nlellium, .nd .u-
fffi\.'inini An"o"A, Mlnerab Co. _ I
n r byptoou&. ApptOli .... tely 2,000 hourl1 opentimo, III February, the pum,. were
ud ..t.ried 010, un we ... eJtpected to be pulled at tta~ Fork ~ coppe, '
employed, compared with 7,400 In 1981. IOld1ilveJ' ope..Uoo, and the mine ...
Conc.mlnr en:rif'OlImenW IMtters. the allowed 10 Hood. the remainin( 85 em- or
U.S. En'fironmenW Protect1on Agency pIoye., U ..... 1alcI oft and. 10 retain..! for
(EPA) .ppioi.c1 the reviMd Utah St.tt' Air c.re aDd m'jn'enanoe. n.. opeil1jon . . .
QIWlty lmplerMn'-tioa Pt.n to m"r.... broua:bt on., pp m In A~ 1m after a
_her aulIur dioride _ !"C411a .t the S230 million, $-,..... po .... am to ....IOp tbe
Utah CbUCi Di\'. 'lbe multlpo!at rollMd poopett)'. HiP mini.,. mstp aDd low ClOpper
~ " lint the IIPIelter ...,.tld . . . . . . PlKP, Lowe.er, lIhut down the mi.,. In
,ulfur dioxide emi _ _ Oft!' 1 )'Ni' ....a
1981, aDd by April 1982, 750 ororu......
would allow t.n unavoidabl e brukdmfn. laid alI, III mid-Sept.ember 1985, Kennecott
K, nnecott pollution ty8temt removed 92'" reached an .,.......,nt with AROO to pur-
of the aulfur c1ioJ:ide emiEotw befo.. reach- chaee Anacond.I Minerala' Carr Fork Mine
ina: the .t.ck. Acoeptance or tht plan ... ud properly bonierini; the Bina;ham Can-
eritieallf Ow company ... to ... maiD ope,. yon Mine. CoNum....tion of the tnnuet.ion
tione' in Utah aDd uws'.,. to be rw:>lwol wall eJtpec:ted. to tol.. boundary problem8

TUNe '--Utah: MIni prod1lftloft (reeo.nable) of lOW, sUnr,

eo"",r, lead, .... lIne, by ~.tJ
----------------__
.C---
~ . -------.-----------~-
. . -----

Ooutoty ~ ..~. Voluo ~.

__________ __ _ _
•• 11.1""; .
PlFI' I IOU",II
.
uet,11. , .. ,,101.
1
1
1
1
,
~
_________ ____ _
." ."
UIM. ~

'0. -
~.

I ....

,-
~ ______________ W ..
• • • -. - '1' 1-'"
•
-_.... ------------ --..
bw.. ______________ _

• -- -- H •' P •'I'
W
--------------
• -- -- -- ••
• • -- •
". MINDAIB YV-BOOIt, 19U

........... -
3 no
-,
• •• --
5~ ) .... ....-
~
IE' 5 10 t Ie

--...."'""'_------_
----------
..
--
,,
,,
• --• •
••
--
•• •• --

Ta",L-makMI ....-lk.(rF Uti ''z ) .,., IIl,tlt¥er, Ujj22 , ,.., ... dM

.. 1... ."..".., 9 h' .. : ''''=y1h'''.lLl""

W
• L"'O,"*'
• • -- --
--
~ ----,,------,,--------- ,,- ,III • • --
North
m lnh. K e clW))tt'1
omtipowl with tht c....r Fodt
L h I)j", .w.
Jaid orrat tbe'l'rlm. Mi....
and Burlb'l1Illll ~11 .... t work at \:be
'I_tee! '" 100
1.8'1"
, -.
B\lrPI. Mine COIItlDueci

.... Get 7"_

~"""It

O(W....
9t
the

,
r
of the Burs\II mlll tam:r fWckpl1ed ~ from the ~
pond Fifty of an,. WCII"brt at Sn...biN, the putial opeiatkm 01 the by.
 'I'HI: KINDAL INDUIn'IlY OJ' UTAH ,,.
chiEF 1""urpc.:J
-'*" ~
"""-'II'n, .'1*
2'1;howe •• ,
plu,t C0lI>-
d;fIkt1I-
1983. &poo'edJ)'. _.n quantitia (J{ iron
0i"'6 ...... shipped to "'_l1t plug iD 11184
... __ _, : ie.......d in .wt.inr up tJ. and 1985.
plliwn Nflntry. At ~ the 161- In the <len,",
Ilium reftnery _1ItI1I beinc~' F S,. hi.
Productlm at the Apo Mine reported.lJ andRMI~ ....ld
I ,_" in J>.·."t Ii. 'nloe prioT (I'W"IMTI . . C: .' in quant.it)' and
m."ed mo.t (J{ the copj4' - . . .'+'inc
~ d:fad the iroa miDeraI8 pbite. bern ..
lite, ucI. lin Mite tbitt. _,-,in..! .. mucl! •
O.K. 0.1*. I11>III O.Mr.,B"""ium, IN)*)"
til'6lJ'. N mlXh .. 0.1* pllIum wu ..,...
_tnt.!. II!. jaro.ite ucl 0.2* in Ibnonite..0
G.ld.-When Ken_'oU', UiP. (loppet
D1v. cL-td ItII Binpam CAn)'OI1 Mine, by-
product rold iOOi;oery CFE 77 :I Md effected •
ehNp _line in quantity and -..l~ til the
mph' The drop in the "6'. price (J{rold
from $860,88 per tz'o)' .... ,..... in 1984 &0
$811.88 in 1\186 abo _trlbuled &0 u..
dect 77' t -..llloll (J{ J!O&d OUtput. Gold pnduo-
... ill d ,,4;", .. der (J{ output,lnduded
u.. Mile .... J!O&d mine (J{ Burlek w..:w
Gold Mi"!. 1Dc.. a ,nJ:..Mtj_ry (J{ BAnick
R..Jun. Corp. (J{ Toronto, Can-d-; the
TrWe MIn, til Sunshine; and the BIn.tbm
0s.nJ0ra MinII of K.." .. tlt;t. Bin,aham raak· 00
ed fourth ' ........ the 25 bed l ", I'M pro II1IU)' ....urce (OC'
• ml " . in the Uniled 81:.,. in 1984;

..
.... ek li l in
di..,..;tion (J{ th: 0:..... Worb will be
decit.led Constzueted WW66Q l Ull and
the " I 1«1 a.n

,..... NpOItoacI
j:m" ..I ..... (J{ lULl'
Iro. ... SC I II_Ut.ab iron "" pnd_
tim ~ the lroa Sprinp mini", diItrict
...... Oda: City cp f in 1982, ucI. ship-
HE

_ t i l ~ the remaini", dockplIed ...... to

the tJSS o.nen. WOlb weno condllded in
 MlNDAIJJ YBABlIOOK. 1985

ham City UMd . .1 procIuet. from the

Pbmouth ...... atioD for manufacturiDa'
jolmSDdjcriBt.rin\erf. Dept sped conditi_
altha mininr iDdIFItry Ilowed prod..etioD of
FIleeI grincllng baIJ. at the Nueor 0riDdiDg
&llDiv. near Bria"bam City.
0pera1ioruJ at Plymouth rail! to Ml CSz
JIIldt1 b)' 17lid1Mr. reflecti". the labi.>
IioruJ ImP-PE d OD rw iip' prod\1Ce16 ablppinr
to Nucor'. marketin& . . . on the wwt
.tp II Sine. it. CI.m*inlct1oD in 1981. the
"
copper production _
priDcipel procIooer in
'
... Hecla.
plant opelated at 16')1, of capec:it)'; boweier, Mini". Co.', F«aJlrrt.e Mine, b"On ~
with the IDe. FE! over 1984'. output., the fo1lowecl by ICenMCotf, Biniham Can)OI!.
company wtIII {woo to P\lreha. .en.p !)e. Salt '.eke , aDd S"wine'.
yond it. UOiwal intermountPn IlUpply!lODe ,

....'-
and. IIC\IIItt pricw, upward to meet additioDal

Mqneti". -Mw -dum metal prodllof>

tiondeclined in quantity and value. AMAX
Maar .ium Corp., a 1I'hak!II"Y at AMAX
Ine., operated the NlI.tioD'•• Erond laIgd
magnaium plant on the IOVth arm of Great
Selt'.keatRowley, Tooele County. Ma(p e
Ilium .at ,_.eled from lake ~ CODs
eentrated in 40,000 &Cl6IF of IOlar evapor6s
tIon poDda, ploc i into magnesium chlo.
ride, and elect.ro1ytically .,penU.ed into
m'Vnium metal; chlorin& aDd .odium mill i6W.eriw imj1iorid. Addi--
chloride were produced at byptoduct& ~ tjoplJ ore ... developed on the aoutherly
cordiq' to the AMAX 1985 10K Annual merWOD of the vein, aml COTe drimaa
m., ;
Report, t-vy predpiiatioD dilutinr Jab
bn- rednoed plum metal prodllof>
don to aWtwd..mately 31,600 abort Iona ill
lnclic.ted another -.sin may ntend north at
the mine boundariea. A.. at December 31,
1985, I as Brv&IF were wtimatecl at 1,689,000
1985, compared 'With 65,000 toM ill 198f. toiI8 alore with 9.1 ('111M !E olllil~ per ton,
J>urin&z the yew, the company eon.traded compwecl with l,628,ooowith 9.1 onn(. ! per
'With Kj. ' " Aluminum. Chemical Corp.'. ton in 1984.
potaah operatioD at WendoYer to aupply With the cJoalns of the Biogbam Can)OI!.
brine. Mina in 1985, lCenaeoott'. Utah Coppet Div.
The United &ee1worker!l at America, dropped out of the 25 )rading I7ilver produc-
I~pi : : "tine a majority of wwlum at the _ in the United State&; in I9&/., the mine
Rowley mlgn'9llium. plant, accepted a DeW S. l1IiIked ninth, even Ihourh production h..:I
year labor contract that provided for no been reduced OIIe-thlrd.
..... cb'np for the tint and eec:ond}'6lU'. a Barrick Mercur GokI Mira IEWl6Fad
26-ant.peJ-hour increeaoe for the third year, IIilver .. a bn>rod\.ct of rold production at
a ebenge in medial! benefit&, and a cut in M_.
IFick pay. After the ..w ment _ i6FNwad VSNdI"..UruI.,a-Beca"· at the
on March 19, new bmoe received $1 per hour OO1Itinuinr depp d priceI: for UA aDd
le. than other workers. ina .1 I ! J import. of natural and emicbecI
AMAX muieted the ligbtweight., high-
men,th metal throucbout the world; 6pz
proDmate1y 269l. of 1985 sales were expo< ta.
BetWeeD 8 million and 10 million)lOWlds at
m'gnesium ,... aupplied to the die( I / inc
....
VlInaclium prod\tCticm from ura-
of the Colvo: ?~

automotive parts indUltly."

Molybdenum.-ShutdowD at Ke7lDflCOtt'.
Utah Copper Div.'. Bingh'm Canyon Mine,
the only mo1ybdenum producer in the &.ate.
dr Fric'!]y reduced production and thi~
menta at molybdenum OOiIOI!Intrate. A by-
product. of copper production, the year'. Two oompania ph"'" pi uranium 0l'68

Umeko MineraJ. Corp. ard
Inc. joiDt veDture, 6
III Blending, and Rio AIaom
Sal., reccJli_ed u....uum. bat
nnadium. At1aa Cot-p.'.
ODd mIII_
561
mi ........ho eontnded csn ..... t after work-
ina' in oenb al Utah unnium min_ were
...uded iiI01. than $1.19 million in partial
aettleuoent of. IaWBUit apinpt Foote Min-
eral Co. of Erton. PA. The mit_ _ WOI'lred
at Vanadium Corp. of America'. {YOO
operationtl new Marysvale. Pluta County.
from 1~ to 1968; VCA .... mwged into
Foote MilMll'1llln 196'1'. A U.s. District Court
judae, on July I , ruled the Fad e"" ac-m-
ment .... immune from the neglipn.....
cleime of the Marysvale minen. Plaintiffs
held the Federal Go.ernmeat b! Inzped;ed
the min. and had Qjlad to warn the
minan of the a t 7' 'fed hWb levels of radon-
222 1M and ita radiMctlve daughter prod_
uctII in the JXIIWly ¥eIl.jlaled I1I'IIniwn
min.
Zireonln.. -WeBtem ZIrooniumJne. oem-
tinued p10dudnr primary zin:onium zponge

... r.. ..
At1aa made
and WpIodlllCt hatllium ~ and convert..
ed the zirconium 8POf!&ti to ingot.. At it.
plant in the Southern P.eific lndUBtrial
Park. _th ol Oedan, Weber County. the
product .... prod"oed from Iinlon oonren-
U.o. ... trataJ impoi led from Auatralia.
•" . VA inftDtoQ'
" ..
C.
..Duna.A..,. '.S
(N.th·e) and Other BJb,- m' _
mllI • a 80lidilied hydrocarbon found
and Colorado, .... mined f'rom
Uintah County, by
di.-um of Olev-

Ownlat' Co.
the Salt I·1re
yean 'IrilI be •
,
portland. """'eDt out-
-.pprrmmeteJy 8.2 IIIlleII iDu . , I ~
the Oi.. iepc:wilor)' lite
Gran'-'rille. The Union J>.dftc
_. , .oout 16'11> in
""'-
clwnlatlJy "hili ~ and
meat& At the 100 7 .,.
;

burier. topped
s.It I . h lite_
r...
...
562
qwmtity and _ thaD 32% in val•.
G&o'i:' PJclfIc Corp. aDd Unltecl State.
GJpum Corp. (Io p.t.;djary of usa Corp.)
continued .. the principal producara or
erwIe and .,.lcined I1JlNID. Gypsum " .
mjaM 9 and 7 mj'e.~ oftbeCUiDJ*·
DiN' m.Nnr aDd PH'" inc fioeilitiee, _
IIpIKliveJ.y. U ~ Sevier Coo'nty.

...... L22lWall " .

lit: at:h w
...
Crude IIYJl'Um " . . . . opeD pit mined by
1Dter- 'nwn" ~ '" eo- be. .t the mouth 01
near BJack Salt Creek CanyoD. eMt at Nephi. Juab
Ci<y. CouDty. The Stete Air Oro 7 hatiOll C0m-
mittee temporarily milt. dow.. the mjne
r~ beca..e or hC ' ive ctu.t. 'I1Ie opetation

. "ppHeeI ~ Cor ........ tnt pbm~ in Juab

and Salt T...... o..'DtiN aDd to a plant .t
Inkom, ID•
Lime Qnickljrne prodllCtion cbopped
.,¥antially in quantity aDd q}ue "beD
KenT... ~l abut down iQo (lQ-~ Operation.
Hydrated llme output, hoWGie:., pir>ed in
quantity and value. IFF Ung qllicklime pro-
duc:en iDcIuded CoatiDeDtal Hme 1Dc., •
• ,J.jdja..,. 01 &eel. en.. Canad, Ltd., 85
rojl. _th of Delta and 6 rojlee wwtoftbe
IYnt at the b.- of the Cricket ""'lOt·i....
de.J' induded C&- MJII.,d County; Utah Marbkb-ad 1Jms
latetpal» Corp., Co., a ·"t.lctia'Y of GnDnral Dynamb
Soutbiiaatem Corp., 85 mi'. northwest of Gnmtmlln,
II aDd Utel.ite Corp. TooeIs Cow!ty; Gnn-t•• T.imp Co." ."OOd·
mined by Red- iary ol GeI>Qr Corp., Totonlo, c." ...." at.
W!W' F1 'D. a., GraDtrtIlle. Tooele County; end. Kenns
DoW. . cott'. Utah Coppn! Div. Genatpr continued
;;;;. W.n., as the aole prodncer ofhydrated.lima.
Mecnai.... eom.ov..... _Magnesium
oomJl()llJldll OQtp.d; iLc:t _ d 82% in q",nti..
FE

ty aDd 13% in valve. Great Selt LaIte

Mlnnral8 • CbemienJ. Corp. <,jJ '-ined mar-
DP&ium chloride end other produew frODI
the briaN olGreat Salt T.kn WI!IIt olOsden,
WebeT Count,.. Mal' _plum chloride in bit;.
ten., the final product from the aolar
evaporation of lake brines, _ ' - ' pri-
r:Y putpCl
P

marily . . . d,* "'Wi _ nt for .,.. in

Gnphlte (Synthetic).-Hen:uleB Inc., iDdu.trinl 8I'MI aDd in the .'Pr beet proc>
Aei:.'ij_ DiT., eoatinved prodllcina: IIYJI- ~~in'g industry. Kai8er ISCOveled magne-
tbeUc Irn'phite at itI!I B.echue: Worb near sium compounda end otber productll from
&:It ~ City. SynIbeUc gnpblte hl&h- ~ brines of the Bomieville Selt
modlli.. ftbers WU'e manufactured £or UIe Fbtt8 011 the w ; t E' n Pdp of the Great Sn.It
in place at metala in _ _pace equipment, J .. ke D rt, IlPPr W?Ddover, Tooek C0un-
let: braces, tenDia rackets, and other pur- ty. AMAX cont:ractecl to buy brine from
p" 7E7 where weieht wall an important fac- Railer 'I'I'ben a Bbortegn at itll plant prevent;.

...
tor. Synthetic Pl'Phite output iner . RE. J ed AMAX from openatIDg at capacity. Great
about :WfD iD qumUty and nearly 83% in Salt Lake Minerals bad a rated production
~ capacity oll00,ooo eh01't ton. of MaO equiv-

C! 7

61'9(. in value, aDd output of calcined IYP'

.....
G1JIIUm.~ II)'P8WII production in- ent; Kaiser, a capacity of 50,000 abort
P J nearly ~% in qlW1tity and nearly
Perltte (EI:....ded).-PerHl.. _shipped
lIVID \Ieed Cor wallboard 1'OIe ebou.t 12% in in from out of State for apensjon at the
 'l'III wtNDAL lNDtJ8'n;y OF UTAH
Pu: Co. p&u.t in a.lt. Teke O""nty Mel lit
the a.c , '+PKIfIc ~t at ~ PrDdUl>
tioa oIthe tz ,tad prod\Mlt Inct 775 ~ 18.,. ill
qa&atity aDd about 6.,. in ..:1_
Pho."., ..,Rot.. Cbe"OlI ~
_tIIl\Md .. the oul)' ptx.phaa. rock pro-
duc.r ID the State aad m!nr pboIphate
rock from the UppW P.""i"P ... P..... City
Foc" .tforp 12mU. DCII'tholVemal, Uinta),
ONntt,
...........
"'dbr .,." """
1rill ooutiDlM IIhIppln, pO.
ph.a. (Oh,...,tr.tll
_
~ ita OvfIeld pa..,t
. . . . . lOr ODD ... " ; ' to .mmonium
J'hMph.a. Mel .u.perpIw ,to'ic acid un.W
1986, wbm the Rock Sprinp fvjUtt 1rill
,. 7 0 ' ' , rn aDdtheGarftsldplaftt1rill
flo I Ann"" CFp7' It, 01 the 8Q.,...-oId
0ufWd plan,t _ 200,000 toe. 01 . . .
p''''''''
m,M ud • ' I:
"nta: Nned iDcIu.trial de:
; .. in the .,kvJtwal
iAdllltz7 ",,,"ptr a.."ou ~ _Ie down
the .... 01 the Rock Sprinp pjaDt trom an
WllDual CFpadty 01400.000 toM at Immo,
nh,· phoep-........ ~200.000~"
Pdl'" _Natir ' "b'. Utah rankr " ' .. '"
in pt'T+ pililln..... hebirul New Merim
aDd folio uod boy CalifonLlL Pldw:oI.... in
Uah ,.
' I I t 22"1', but d II-, d in the
cOn'" SO". Utah -1,8, ',.;,a,
pI_r,'x' ~ in quantity ud 61.,. in
-.al1M(K.O~t)""', old...
fsrtIU marbW aDd Joow prtc.e. The in-
a "in ..... tput _ pvtb .U:ributod to
'" ,""" p",d"cd... at out opa.Uoa aad.
Ame,k:a, bow.'6F, decl!Prl,
aDd the ww k f _ at v,*, _ I ! JIICod
18.,. ..... _ atk:w fartiUoer clem lnda
Tbi: Klipi ?OIar ev.poration opention
near W~ ~red about 87,816_
from which, in DOt oW. tlmll, natuI1ll ' " ' -
.... collectod in 140 m l111 olditct'M 011 the
Bcm'M"lil1e 8eJt Flat; oItbe Great 8eJt t.b
D L Tba tarm. were (+--"'lItrated hi •
aum _til
prima;ry8,OOO , , .~ P"'M' P\t,'
wen p"""TEt throolIt:. nota-
ticID ........... b'tfor to , zz·"te the halite
~um c:hlor!da) aDd Tyhite (pot, 1!IIb
chlorl!Se), Ka!_ I ! "'mer! product.in In
1985 attar beiD& idle moR oll9Se ..... 11"
of
-
u~ve prscipitatloa and fIoocI!nr In tha
O . .t 8eJt 1.1re Mlnerala DOmIall:r ..
wi.red pnt , 'um . ,'late (aI8o CFlleci .w-
rat. 01 pot=h), aIt, eodium •• !fa'., aDd
- 'Ii" ' IUD ehIo:lde fro:n the CO" tnt.:
briDM 0Ia.-t 8eJt l eke The m- •••
pumped rrcm the DC!I'th arm 01 the lab to
19,600 au. 0I1D1ar evapontinD pondlOil
Bear I.b Ba,- 1J'Mt 01 C4deD at UttJ,;
Mco",taln, Weber Co" nty, Ploduelion proo-
" indudod .lect1.... Ui t,!)!utioa aDd
depomtioD at altll Oil mlar enpontioa
I ...,.... 8eJee __ thea ba7lzr7 ed and tb?
~ eiu.. ;old In • end; ..... or
....,
.......
pm
OD
Et into fin........ _ ....... jtie; at
I98&, -rt:r 850'1' 01 ita IC!lar
M.:r 6,
~ pc + __ fIo.....sod wI p tb?
t outer dib 01 tb? .".. , Ii . . . bo abed,
I dUne In ...... re dIm. . to d1kee, porod,
noon, bridpe, pump . .tiona, aDd C!Ibet
~ Dltutod brine eoJutiol5ll • .,. uno
 XINKJL.\UI YBARBOOa:, 1985

...
ium .wrate. _.(lumbered years only: the It86c:hapter
contalnl only estimata Dati. £or odd-
numbwed yean ant t.lld OD &D.nual com-
panJ' wtimatef mil'" befo:t. rearend.
CnDttruetion IIU1d and gravel prod_
continued 10 f_ 00II110_., from local
, id .... tI in the vicinity of p ' lIp' d OJ"
....tina" pita. The pi : •I n.:. oC dlllt, La' ,
tro ....... and the ~ pi Ojlmity $a b· . FF
ClUMd,...,tO'··.,....
The pr-ociw:t dec:t . i2 I iD quantity. but
in"" 777 d in nJ.ue.
11id",Iriol.- Tbe UA Buteau of M inx
IU......,.. indu.t.ria.l .... d production .... ,

- year. Utah', only prodUCllr. Salt Lake Val·

ley Sand 6: O...veJ Co., Salt I...akl County,

....-
FToa _speDt rrwbted the IX'iDroodit, for molding and
protecting the I)'Nm. H/ih level. of
GftIIIt Salt dfI~ the com~,
p.'4' ..... 10 upaDd the .... enpontiaa jjoa and nJ.ue .
pondIlo 3(,000 ..... i ,eo.
0 i_x Ow-mica l Co. at Gtant.Yille,
ToeF" Count,.. OCIIIIverted from manwaet\lr-
in( lOdium ,ulf.it to -.nw.m.rin( ~
tiUlli tu.lf.te.. In 1985. 8.0110 toM of K.O
eqululent potuIium .ulf.te w" prod~"""
&.It. S(>1ar ..It w.. produced in Grand
CowIty by ~If; in &1t t . h County
by Morton &1t Co.•• di...won of Mortoa-
Thlcbl. lDc.; in Tooele C,noty by American
&1tCo .• • p.t.;di • .,. of General HoaiJorp.;
and in Weber (:t)"'nty by Gr., Salt r.b
MiDeftlL In GraDd County. Moab Brine
Co.. ' P!bejdjl.,. rIlLa Sal Oil Co., 1......l ed
.all from brine; and In Sewier County,
Redmond <:Illy aDd. Salt obtained rock .alt
.t the American Oru. open pit.alt mine.t
Redmond. Salt.al"" Incnr II • about ~ in
quantity; however, ill value nearJ.,.1tabili&-
ed with. po8ted 0.6"- _line.
......-..
....
A. ....... n in itl 10K Annual lite;c' 1.
GrMt Salt T .h Mme..... produced 260.000
Ibort to!» of pit< E~ .alt and 2«,000 toDI
of wei. oomlDlWl .all. Tbe plant lIM an an-
nual "!'Kit,. of .00,000 toDI oC kiln-dried
..
.all. whicllw.. putly uaed £or ... ter .often-
ina md ehe:mical prcx iO,_
L&kepoint Salt Co .• pui"'thued from Dam-
tal" lndustriel lne.. by AMAX, ..... p'aced
into • new ,,,Nidi • .,., Sol-Ai'" Salt "
Cheinical Co... formed 10 market AMAX
MIlD_lim'. byproduct aalt. Sit>w.ted 20
mlh. eut of the AlIlAX plant at Rowley.
Labpoint'. aalt i 2 LV'I.,. pondI wen n-l. •
eel by _ ' " precipitation and the rixiII( Tho,......
w.~oCGreatSelt t .h qlllllTled _ 13.05 per
Sand and GnnL-CbIiI,""lioll.-con- . . . produoed .t 86 cou.ntite;
Itruction Plnd and ,...vel production i. the Indio, county _ Boll: EIdIr. foUowed
.urveyed by the UA BUl"$ilu of Min .... for by Juab, Tooele, Morgan, Millud, and Salt
 THE MINnIAL INDUSTRY 01' UTAH
LakeCountia.
Li8ted in ~ order of OUtput, the
following oomparu. quarried limeetoDe:
Southern Paci(.e Tran.portation Co., 1m:
Elder Co"nty, for riprap IUId jetty stone;
SouthNIMtem Portland Cement, Juab Coun-
ty, for cement; Cootinental l.jme, Millard
County, for lime manufacture; Ideal Bulc
InduetriEs, Morpn County, for cement;
lAne Star lndUltrie., Se.lt Lake IUId Tooele
Coullties, for cement; US':!, Utah County,
for ito 8teel operation; GIbbons '" Reed Co.'1
Concrete Prod\ld.s Co. and McFarland "
""lIinger, both in Tooele County, for 00II.
Cl"9te; and Cedantrom Calcite, Utah Coun-
ty, for pou1tZ"y grit. Utah Marblehead quar-
ried dolomitie lim ' tone in Tooele County
for dead-bumoo dolomite and a M. e'ory
I/tOnII for metallUI¥ieaI pUlp 1M. Genatar
IJme, Tooele County, aleo quarried dob-
mite in Tooele CoulIty. The U.s. Fonllt
Serviee aleo qUlllTied lime8too" in BOJ: El-
der, Daggett, Ducbame, Garfield. Kane,
Table T._Utah: Crushed stone' add or u.ed by produeen in ]985, by UH
m--.nd oI!oIt _
,-
..... 11 :
~ ----- - -------------------- -- - ----------------- ---
Dimmaion.-8tar Stone Inc. produced di·
menaion 8IUldItooe from its quarry in Boll
Eider O>!lOty.
SuJru:r (Reeo¥trN).-Sulfw- ~
from the Chevron Oil Co. refinery decHnoo
in quantity produced and shipped; bo-wen!',
..alue of th... shipmeom ina lE d about
,%.
Sulf'luie Add._Utah continued to rank
third natiooalb" in the output of byproduct
sulfurie add. Reoovered .. a bypioduet of
cappel production, the qllllJltity and value
of the product plummeted with the shut.
down of the Utah Copper Div. operation.
565
Millard, Sanpete, Uintah, IIJld Utah Coun-
titM. SaodstoIle .... qlUU'1"ied by Ideal Bpm
IodUftriee, Morpn County, for cement
manufacture, ..hi\e South_tern Portland
Cement miPoo quartzite in Juab Count,. for
the SIIDle purlXllE . The Cache County Road
Department crushed SIIJldatolle for dense
road base and unpaved road ...n-. Vol-
c'mic rock .... qllllI"lied by Diversified Mar-
keting Se~ Inc., Millard County, for
light..ejght ,,",ega.te, and by Leva Prod-
ucts Irw:. for unpaved: road ...n- for
terrazzo IIlI<i expc I e:I etone.
Cru.hed stone IIJld puJverlzecl slag from
the Garfield lmelter were \wed to raiee
Intentate 8<1 and the Ullion PacifIc Ra.iJ.-
road main line 1lI01lj: the IIOUth shore of
Great Se.lt Lake. The $28 million Ullinll
Pacifu: ptoject .... in addition to the oompa-
..,... $90 million pt." ,&m to re1Iabilitate the
..,-
former Weetern PIlcifIC Railroad .... io line
from oorthern Utah to the San FranciIIoo
,.loIoUan)
...., .-
,.
• ".
~
~
'" ~ ~
.,
,-...
'""•
"'
'"•
1,171
""
''''
'~.foI7 11..180
: ,
Vel'lllku1lte(Erlolla'ec!)._IntenllOUD_
tain Products Inc. produced e:d'olillted Vel'-
miculite at ;q plant in Salt lake City; the
vermiculite .. u ohipped in from out of
State. 'n.e product ..as marketed for UBI!
principally .. bLxJr and)"" rill insuiatioD
r
and r,",proof'~ followed by eoil condition-
ing and ooncrete and pluter .'l!I!atea.
 MlNIdlAUI yvwlIOOlI:. 1985

TaWeL-P,b:dplll pic h Wi

U ' "i ,-..-.... ,Ma..

-
,

_.
...... ...... ____ .... a.ltx... ...

-_ ... . ..-- .. --.--...

T '

Coop.... ',",

0 . ... _ . ___ .... .. ....,

118 _ _ -
b_
.... t.MOI:J', UT 111.1"
b _
_ l1'I'1I«I'I4

. 15 PulE 81"'- N<>. lOll

-.muml
-.-
0.- pOI -..;11, _'
u.r ....... _ ... _ .

b. 0.- ... _ .......... ... .

---
---Corp.'. e:=
_ _ 0.-0....
- ' !II ) 01 UIII;I(,..,.
.. . ... ........ " .. ..

Q-" .,........ . . . . . . . . w- .t.

..... . ..-----------.
IIICIO w_
";:!r'-".'••_"t'_
_ _
_ ....... Qo;,-. UT N Ul
H.,jI . ..... _ 0 . ... _ ........ _.. _ t1loMIo.
V-.UTMI'II
 TH:R MlNDALlNDU8ft:Y OJ' U'UH 567

""",,-.---
co:!

. . ....
.......

ununnuu T ,

_
~ -,
...,..'= ........... , L

u n un n n n n
..

T •
...... . _ ••••• _ • • __ __ IoIal..oYoo.

PlIo ... p/oaL. _ _ _______ _

::,.".;::..c"110' ",..
1II_. In ... ",

-_...-
~
--_..do __ _________ __ _

___ ..do ______________ ~l..oYoo.

PIto ... ,a- _________ _

_ ......eo.
>'·'~.:'~ Pk ___ _ __ ________ ___
VaUo:l''''' & _ _ lI6O"..
~l..oYoo.

0.-. ur_

,
--_..do __ ___________ _
" ,I'
,
n

" h' , . "ml'

• • _..do ____ ________ __ -.
--_..do _____ ______ __ _
--_..do _____ _____ ___ _
Oo·..,.,IlI'"
.. ... - -
bn.

~­ "~' ~-,-
-~­
_m
8'_... urWII
t:.!.~

,--
!' ,OHLIOI

'--
:!t:r.:"-::-===....-::::'
• ~ 2
: : : . . : :
n

f
•
i
2'
:.:.:.~-~.-.
'00II,"'1' ··to '
>
 The Mineral Industry of Utah
ThIs ebapter ..... been " rep.red u~r a Memorandum of Uncl;entandl... ~een the
Buruu of Mineo, U.s. Department ofUle Interior. and the Utah GeoIOJka.l ..... Mineral
SI>"e,r (or eolledllll" Inf........tlon on all IOOIlfueI lIlinenib.

By Lorraine B. Burrin'

one-half in 1986, with magneeium prodoo-

tion reported (~ the rtret time (tabltl I) and
a rsumption of iron Oft and vanadium
lihipmenta. However, continued low metal

- pri<:eoI and the Bhutdown of Kennecott'.

Utah Copper Div. operatioN from late

:::: and inve!, and c~ """"

lJI;one. Met.!
March 1~ to Detember 1986 brought •
ful'ther decline in the quantity and value of
production roae from on&-third the total copper, gold, molybdenum, and dver out.-
value of nonfuel mi.nerak in 1986 to about
,,'"

-
Table I.-Nonf...,1 mineraJ production In Utah'
,~ ,w

-"" "~
(, .... _,1 ,)
-'"
.~

-'"
(2,,_, 1;)
.~
~'b_ r hl

.."
''l: ••
...
'=
"
"11
=
• ~:m
...
,~
w

,,- "
a
-•
...Ji
m
w
'''-='" •
no
,,. ,~
m

"'''" .• ." "~

"'"w ...-•
11.tl~
'.,1.1
m

,~

-=
1,1\2

.~ ,~ .~ 1UllO
'-W
•
,.
'" '14,100

~ - ------- ------- -----

, ;

'"
 -,-
,.-
l " u.--- .. ... ",'1
R~· "
"" :;;

! 3i!: ,• .-.! ia;;-

l 1, ! ---
~'I i ...,.- - "!
-- ma
s- ..
!:OS:

~ • JI f " ,
""
, ,
~ J
"•
• • I ~J 111,
• ,
.
l1 ,:'
0'

I II • , ,
,, ,
"" ,,
'i :,1,
I i l
f1 f" , "t :
. ,' ,
I,
~ 1""" " 1:
1J I'
d di
1i ~ i
,,
,

~
":: ' 'I:- : 4
"
" J. · 1
ii fit i
"

!
iifti!i J~
'&
,, ".
"
" "i" . I - :, 'J
i1,<I'N
}J]i !~i! • .
II
~ U
a ! • tl~!! J
"
 THE MINERAL INDUSTRY OJ' UTAH

Table 3._Indkaton of Utah .....Inn. aeUrit,. -ConU"ued

.~ .
•

:::r:::'~_~
n_nmmmnnmn .m __
...
'M'
$114.0

llle'! . ......!ll,

• . . .. . ~ IJony Oxootouctioo> M r ' '.' , and.

Utah's principal mineral commnditieo, moditi .... ropper, gold, molybdenum. silve r,
li.ted in dew prinl' order of value, includei ..... enium.1UId 1JU1furic.cld. Although mag-
megnNrium, portland ..,.m.... t, 101d, con- nesium Jw:ame the principiJ metal pro-
IItructioD I&Dd SlId gravel, salt, CClpplll, dlleeo;l, ita output ...... sharply cut b&ck when
phosphate rock, CI"'"becI stone, SlId lime. 8 IJI.orm on Great Salt Lake destroyed the
N,t.ionll lly, in value of production, Utall AMAX Mag, . ium Corp. IIOlar ev.poration
ranked first in gallium, gilMnite, and beryl. ponda. In other revenala, beginning in Au_
IiWD-C01lt'inlng one; I!Cmd in potaIb; gust, iron 8ftd steel production was reduced
third in vanadium SlId !DqlHPium; enol by the USX Corp. ahutdown of USS Inc.·5
mth in oopper. In the <:aN of gallium, GeJ1eva WorD, idling 1,900 union members
gilIonl.te, and beryllium "... Utah ...... the through yearend. DMpite the ........ mption of

.
only producing State; with potash, m'gM- IIO<nC! vnMium production. uranium and
fillm , IUId vanadium the State was one d ita coproduct vanadium remained depr? t
three prod"..;.... St,tes becaWJe of low pricee 8ftd competition with
5 - 5

Tied. and IHftlopment.t.-AlthouP foreigD imports of uranium.

the total value of nonfu&l mineral prodUQ> In indll8trial miIleralI, • do,pi : d.,n.
lion iDa EFsed with the first.time poEiDg d eu1tural ilIduRl'Y. low pricea, and Conign
m.gnesjum prod\ldioo. Utah'. miDeral in- imporla of l'O' ,eejum salta eontributed to
dumy ........_""ly affected during the red.uctioDa in the output and .. lee of potu:
yeu by the eontinued ahutdown or Ken- Ilium salta IUId pholphate roclL The lack or
Decott'. Utah Copper Div. 1UId other eYent.. I'IOW th in c:onstruction affected the prodUCos
8e(_ the Utah 'Coppel Div . ........ idled. ill lion ancI ..lea of cement, gypsum. and
Bingham Qmyon Mine bad been the State'. cnuohed..tODP,
principal procillOllr 0( IiI important com-
 IIINUAL8 YV-BOOK . 1986
'"

,
! •
·1
•• •
i I
•I • ..,
-
" I
i
I !
I 1 - ,, -
! 1
J
i I
t! ;
1- ! 1
!
• II 'i I i
, !i
I_, ! I
, !
Ii -
Illll!1
 THE KrNKaA.LlNDUIn'RY 0,. UTAH
_ ~ .eposted toCal permlw.
thw ' II .h,,1!aI and. _1 · ~tial_
etn1r:tion in tlMo State declined 8.~ to JlJ2
bUUoo, Ualil&". diffiI .."t met.hodolOC1. tile
, . W. DoJce 01 .... McGra..Hill Wonn.t.I.oi!l
S,,· ,. Co.. r....u nd total ~ ...
clj-e~ O.K; fWidei!ltW ~ KtiYi-
t,. ir.cl I I £ I J 4..8%. _1 ELid4ntW COMt.ru>
dOlI me. ' I I i 12%, and DOilbulldina(......
d· ..... etc.) CONt.nIctioil dropped 34.2%,'
v"IP' ad\Ull., ' " ',h, and -.1t ind.........
em the abo:. (1/ GrM!. Salt ~ we •• daJa.
IIPd by bea..,- precipitatlon &lid tbe ~
lUa, which t I ked .t 4.211.86 feat abo;ne
_lewl 011 JIIlH! 6, 8Wf Iminl the h;.toric
hIP _ lil 1813. AJthoua:h e'taporatjon
durinctbe .,lm..- and fall iilOIItb.k>W • •
the lUa Ieftl, • hlcber than R-.erap _
_·1 climb _tinued throuch yearend, hi
M.,y, '1lkinaR ...,tial"'(utloo. to the rial>c
lab, the ~tuno RUtborizad • $70 mil-
UOil p"",am to PIlD1P .... lUa..taR 10
tlMo __ ct.Io1.. 0- ""dim I s.n CliO
dikM, "n.I_, &Dd. _2-1 n.root .....plakt
w ••liq;. 54:lO«!.\IIlI'eomUe ..... Great Salt
1&U ... "'1*'-1 to be looN..... 16 inehll
tbe f1nt year and. 8 iDcbM each ,.... u-.
after, Sabmoted tria. -td be r.ar.:.
lated '-k to Great Salt '.ke for _ br
V4rioua iDduatrI..
£J:plonUon Adl ..ltl-.-Explontl..
.... Eureka I"IMI1IilI'!d .nt.b Slln"'i ... MiJt.
izw Co. t Isioni,.. an u nd , pound cIrilliilI:
""'47am at the 8wpI V i..... But Tinli:
minin, di.triet, UUoh County. Com_,.
~ade mineraJ..lu.tion w.. encountered in all
driU H a; tha!nOR ~t ~ all
01 63 01 ,;'her. 641
=~":,""
."
I Ish hUoe ..... GoYenm,nt rr..
&. ='-1'be 1986 Om·eral S ' m oltha
46t.h.1. . . .tuno p' lll ! and. tlMo ~
a4rMJd eight billa relaled to 1Ilinlna. SeDate
bill 72 provided for the 7P mellt of metal,
lit~ min • • t 1009"0 01 tbeiI' .... ",.hIe.
£air CMb n.lu.e. &Dd • prim.uy \.a teIt ror
determin.ins" whetber OIJrtniD jtioperty per-
tained to min. for tau.tiOlI put" III
JI<u ... bill 71 ~ mlninl nDCI mine .....
indll8try defmiUolw (for e..mpl ., • _,II
minina: DpeI"'tigp = £I" t an operatioa _
twbina: ... than 6 ~te ... ee); required
the ~ of OIl, Gna. and Minln. to pro.
mulpte rul", oonoemlng~,. for miniI>j:
operation&; clarified the poocedu.. ror reeu.
iD& withholdina". or withdrnwina: • ..".ice (1/
ilIteDtioo> tOr explora ...... mini .... 1IDd i ! ..
matioa; and. rnl!de other technical OOrrtI(J.
ti!In8, Under Howe bill 167, Wi p;ii ate tat.
.,...... wou1cIbe".wa1ed and. requlnl di",*
.,... HOWII! billa 207 and. 208 relaled to
buatdou. WI I!Ce prob..... and Sinat. bil»
67. IU,1IDd lSfi to o..cl. r aDd net ..... tiN
_teriab. HOWII! ClOIIcurrent Re.Hution 4.
~d
.
requ.ted tM UA ident.,
....
.".. Salt T.ke City
~ Center ..ti'Yitiei. throuc:h dinICt
a pptOjti IAtioa and wor I . ati.e i 1£I I rclo JW'I>
gr&IU with induaItry. iD ~ year 1986,
ineluded further .,wli. on tbe ..... eft-
dation of oxide _ ntinl oolunm notation
and the utemal. bo1bbW generation. I)'Rem
d !pwI by tlMo Bureau. Other i , reb
impx'tn.nt ill UUoh ...d db- "01'1" ......
dwina &a'''' .... tlMo deveIopDnnt 01 •
ODIItin~ ion achnnp JoIC" I I to IlCO,er
c:oIMlt fi'Olil fP8IIt wpper leach lOluliona At
two FD.-Jor u.s, li4eItina: open'jgn_, the
""lenUal uMted tOr the ......ual ••, la, 01
1,500,000 pou!IIk oI .....tt, plu. 00; , !I and
nickel' i>,producta.'
... IONBItAUI HABBOOI. 1986

IIVEW BY UONP.JIL MlJrBAL COMMODiiiES

li&htweight _.qate wu larply in

.truetunJ concrete and e('I- j ete blodI.
"*
Swiollini: bentonite .... . . - for anlm.! feed
&Del dril!inll mud.
~III StoIMl.-Gem atone. prOductioD In-
a 7 . J in value in 1986. A raN mineral,
duraniite, NaAl(AIIOJF, " U fOlind In •
ioe,lj r ~ zone of oomplu: minerallJlY in the
Thom" Ranee.'
Graphite (Synl.hetle).-Hem.llu lDc.,
AetwJlllC& Div., produced I}'lIthetie rnphite
hlgb-modu.l ... fiben at i~ Be.xb\18 Worb
....-Salt1eh

'~.M::~;'~
_ia:bt --:ru ~:,:;~,:
pound

I FziMntial

---
0Dm~'
,
_ ....
fIX' the ...... uIaeture
Serier CAmt)'. At

uFa. .ao-
plutd i ia the lIUlIIuf"C"tnl ()(
1"'-1 8 r& &1t J .ke Couatiee.
Crude ""peElm production ino: II I I t ill
quantity, but ita n.l1IIII declm.d; output at
cak:ined. upnm ina E2 !l! 14910. and Ita
Tal".., dropped 12%, N&octlnc inu2'11~
oompetitioD in the marketplace.
Ume.--Quieklime and hydnt«ll.iD:lt out-
put pined in quantity and val .... althourh
KennIlCQU produced no lime in 1986 and the
US9 aene.-. WorD were clOMd nea:rb' a
h&If year. Lime produce ... inch..:led Che ....
ahele output, IJlo .tar bw;.., formerly Gen.t.ar Corp. of Toran-
declin. at ili'antnille, T_1e County;
\0, ('.to nadl
the atI'8C'aP IIllit Ooatinental 1,' ..... lne.., • IUbaidiar)' 01 Steel
$13.12. s-eU· Broa. Can..!. Ltd., about 35 mil. _th of
Delta. Mm",d ()!omt)'; and Ulah Marble-
~ Lime Co., • ~,b.idiary of Q u >tral
Dynamo Corp.. 3Ii mjlM ftOrtb_ of
GrantavilJe, Tooele County. Che_tar _
the 80le producer of hydrated lime. Utah
Marbleb.d and a.em.tar proch>Ced • dar ~­
b\lmed dolomite for \II1II in u.. . teel lndu.
" ,.
Ma,pnJum Compoundt.-Prod uetion 01
magIllllllium chloride brinlllll about doubled
and itl value mile sut.tantially .. ~r
 THE MINERAL INDUSTRY 01' UTAH
Al"mloum '" ChemU:a\ IIhlpped additional
brinM to the AMAX MagnMium facility al
Rowley 'after AMAX Magnesium'. IIOlar
ponds 00 Great Salt IAh were destroyed by
" J\lIle 1986 1tonD. Sltuated on the Bon_
ville Salt Flat.s, !IeIU' Wendover, Tooele
County, KaIser Aluminum '" Chemical b&
....me the principal producer of magnNium
comp"'lDda in the State, recoverin& the
compounda aDd other products from aubw ...
face Min ... GfUt Salt I.h MinenWI "
Chernl""l' Corp. produced mapeaium chl0-
ride and other products from the brineII of
Great Salt Late we.t of ORden at Little
Mountain. Weber County. How-er, that
OI.ltput wu 80lcI for IUIe primarily U " dwrt
auppl ,ot for 1"08<!8 and indll8trial areas
aDd for woe in the augar beet PhO( . ina
ind1.lStry.
Perlite (Expanded).-Perlite continued
to be .m.pped in from out of State for eJI·
pension at the Pax Co. plant in Salt Late
O>omt,.. Production of the treated product
at the Siauni Geota;'Pacific plant C ! "I~
Although the State O\ltput declined, ita
val\le ina "d dramatically.
PlKNlphate Rock..-Marketable pboe.
phate rock produetion inC!"'WF j about 7%
in quantity u Chevron Re.o~ upended
Its Vernal operatione; however, the value of
that output r\eetinod more than 16% when
the market for fertili ..... fell Further re-
I1ecting the de", 2:1 agriculture indll8tly,
the oombinecl output for Idaho, Montana,
and Utah, which 1* .. ted 8% 01 the
Nation's prodl>Ction, declined 26% in quan-
tity and 41'" in value.
The only produoer in the State, Chevron
~rceo, m joed and ..... oc · I ptm.phate
rock from the Upper Permian Age Park
City Formation, 12 miltol north 01 Vernal
Chevron Re.Jurceo· $25 million phosphate
I"ertilizer eompleJ: oonstnocted in Utah and
_ oompleted. and d .... ic·ted 011
aDd 9. The pl"jed included a
I modern ization and e:rpenaion 01
at Vernal,
"""'"
_Iter,
CODversioD of
_mmOllium
..,
cbe~ and sulfW" ...... cbt.ained from the
C01IIpany'1 earler Creek, WY, natw-aJ PI
..tripping plant.
PotuIo..-Nationally, Utah ranked third
in potash selM, behind New Merioo and
California. Because of the ClOIItinueci a1ack
demand for Certiliz,e.. and competitioll with
foreign importa. productiOil dec1illed about
27%. Sales dipped I'll>. and. 1_ prices for
pota- ium muriate salta dropped the ;,alue
oftb. E. eaitoI more than 111-%.
T~ Chemicals Co. ofTeD¥J.If Inc.
and Kaieer Cbemkals of Kaieer Alumillum
&; Chemical, recovered pobqoJiUID salts.
T".....Jlr Chemicab wu " .w.idiary 01 Elf
Aquitaine Inc., a Delaware corporation, in
tum owned by SociWI Nacionale Elf Aqui-
taine. of Paris, a 1arge multinational oil,
gu. cbemi .... l. and pharmaceutica1 compa-
"Y. According to the Elf Aquitaine 1986
anllual report, potash production declined
3('Il> to 107,000 short ton.o in 1986 and . 1 .
were 89.000 toni, down 16% from tho" 01
1985 because of a depi . ' d demand for
fertilizen.. At ita Ce.ne Cn!ek OJI8lation neIU"
Moab, Orand County, Texugulf Chemical_ '
eoIuUon·m1ned pote.ium salt. from a
depth of over 2,700 feet.. Brin. were depoit-
itecl on eoIar evaporation ponds, from which
the salta were harvested and theot pro: e:I
by flotation for the leco.ery of potash
(sylvite) and " byproduct salt (halite).
The K.ieer Chemicala aolar evaporation
operation III!M Wendover oo11ect.ed. aub8ur-
faoe brinM in dltchee 011 the Bonnevi1le Salt
Flats 01 the Great Salt Ulke D .. I to The
brinM were oonoontnlted in ' evaporation
ponda. and the potaaium salta were har-
vested and proc! 777 ~ thfOlllh " flotation
amcentrator to separate the lIOdIum chl0-
ride (halite) and. pXa.ium chloride (syl-
vite).
Great Salt L·h MineraJa, prlnclpal p _
ducer of domMtic sulfate 01 potuh (aJ.o
called pobqoJium , ulfate), CFEn ~ producticm
01 the potaaoium saltll after the company'.
eolar evaporation poocb were tJooded 011
May 5, I98-/;. Repaino on the Iyatem were
npected. to require ...ottm- MVel"al ,....
before the product could '!Pin be harvNted.
Climax ,C hemical Co. produced potillium
lPlifate, eocIium auU"ete, and byproduct hy-
drochloric acid from pat E ium chloride.
Salto-801ar salt _ prodl>ted in Grand
Co.m.ty by Texugulf Chemic-It; in Salt
1.1r.e Col,ll1ty by Morton Salt Co., a dlvi8ion
ofMort(m_Thiolrol Inc.; in Tooele Coolllty by
Amel:ican Salt Co., ,, .....idiery oIGe01en.J
H ..t Corp., and by SoI.-Aire Salt '" O"""i ....1
.., lONKR.us YEARBOOK , 1986

Co.; aM. in Weber County by O....t Salt

l.eb Mlnera1a. Moab Brine Co., .. lUbIicJ.
W, ollAo Sal Oil Co.. i : . 'Cled IIlI.t from
briD& ill GnDd. Connty, arw;I. Redmond a.,.
and Salt mined rock u.lt at Ita American
Ora open pit at Redmond.
Soo1t product;'" declined about 11 9(. and
__ rel15<;1,: ho •• id , ita ...hoe in<:i2r: : I
6'j1;. J'Ioodin&" 011. thto ...,..thmI IIhor-. of the
late ODlltinued to affect IndIllltrW in that
...... In iiII 1986 annual repHt, C_al
HOlt Iobo.eo:! itll IUMidi'''''' Americ:aD Selt,
with an open.tinj: profit; however. proclue-
tiOiII.,.. down l~ from thatoll98S, owing
iD part 10 the,.ro.l fIoocI1n,oCiu ~
on Great &It I .ke In 1986, the thea I .....
p:lint Salt Co., .. aubtjdi."Y of DorrIIar In-
dUltrl.. to.t ita.o\.ar ~ beeal.lle of
and the leYel of
, Kiewit W8ltern Co. The najor procl\l<:et"l
, State, .nth •
MIt production from 260,000
m.'e.
Conatl'\lCtion aM IIIId gravel production
iD Utah Iroe. ' n 77 ! In quantity and vallHl. In
1986, '17 prod_rs prodllOlld. constn>ction
Mnd and rravel ill U 00WIUea. The ~
producina: count;' were Salt lAolte, with
more than 88% 01 the State', total: n.~
with about 1l9l.; aIId Juab. with about 9'lI..
Listed in ... F' "Wft(f oUMr of output, the
followlni Jerdi", producers ahipped more
than 61% of the State', total IIUld. and
p-a¥el: Monroo: Inc., LeGraIId Job.MoII CoD-
ttrudion Inc., 501. . . Rock Producta, JaU.
B. Par80n Co. lnc:., Gibbo... & Reed Co.,
Piooeer Sand '" Cravel Co., Jlarpe!' £.ca-
.....q lDc., Ge_ Rock ProdocW lDe.,
Sanpete County Hi&h....,. ~t, and
were primarily in the oonhem part of the
I to martcec. neat' the Salt
Lake City population cent«.

TaWe 4.-utah: eo..tn.ctIon and .... rranJ aold or ueed in I"',

by -.Jor UM cateaol'7

--
·e e ••• 1"' 71 777 5

!:>

......w
------------------------------------ ,.... ..m ,.
'1ad.-,....._"
II'II'ItIIMW ...
....
71 ' . ' •• _ - . . ...... ' • .,.do<a; ..... .-...;.Jo"Ol .....,-
dwlUoooot.bo kd . . " " _ _ _ . .'_'.r... ..... , I' I ...
 TIB XlNUAL lNDtlBMly 0" UTAH

Table5._ Vtah: Clnltruetlon ""'" aDi rnnilOld Ot uied by prodll«l'S In l tN.

by UII anel el l, trIce
__________ ~m~=:-~
" '__ '1 , ,:0'''''' >I

". ".
-
O"'C"" ... ' ...... ' __ n _ n _ : n __ m ~ ~ ~
~s,:~
_57_' ____
_ _ ....... '
':'\~57=:'
nD _______________________ _
or' , .. ' __ __
or... ,
nn _

' _·1" _
•
n n n __ n n

_
_n _n _

_ _
... _ -
___ _
__ n

___ _ _
~

. ".,•
• ... •
1.1....

,- ,- .,," ... ,-•

m
•• .... •
,~
~

1.141

~
\,111
ua
1.1 \1

11"1
1.1'1'1

~
...,
'no
,
n ___ n __ n n

,., ".
_ _- " " - _ - - ' ' ' ' ' ' - _ : ' ' ' ' - _ - ' '. .' - _ - - ' ' ' -_ - - '' ' ' '

~ - ---- ----- - --- -- --- - "*

[Itd..-'""" Selt T.ke Valley Sand "

Gr.tIi!l Co.', ahlpmentl of induatrial MIld
VennleaUte (Ed'oliated).- Intennoun-
taln Productli Inc, produeed exf'olleted ver-
and Jl'Avel from Itl NMb pit.. &1t lake miculite .t ill; plant In Salt Lake City. the
Qumty. declm.d in quantity and val.,., ..rmiculite " .. ahipped, in rrom out 01
SocIlam SulfllW.-In 1986,..diUlD ..ut.te State, Tbe prodr.>t;t " .. marbted for in.....
prodl>CtiOP irA:. 71 ~ in q"'ntity end value. tion. r...... oofiDa • ..u ocmditioniq:, C0D-
Great Selt J.h Mineralo reeumed proch..,. e: ete end plaster au. ;cates. end ..u mi...
lion fot t.he (lI'It year after the ~ 6, 1984.
cUb brHCh interrupted it.. 1986 harvest.
How e ..r. the output wu I ! e bliahec\ at.
Ia,•• flU; them ia pn'rious,......
... ...
8WnI.~ procIuctioo, ;. ......-eyecl by
Ure UA Bureeu olM!nM for ocId-rr"mhered
JMI'I Oftly; thiIr chapter contairur Mtimatel
for 1984 end 1986 and actual rieta (or 1985.
o.ta for even·numbered years .... bued 00
lDlI ual eornpany . . !m.teI.
£>w,Iwr:l-Tbe quantity IDd ....1Ie of
er.·heeI .. _ prodl>CtiOP . . . .wn.ted to
ha.... dorc: • • II! :I in 1986 with the d.diDe in
~ and mia\na:,
Rockf'Ul obtained from liml'tltone quarrieOl
at l .kMjd.. and Hocup Ridp ... u.ed by ,
the Southern Pw:itIc Tra n_I'" t.ltion Co. to
repair 29 m''l . olltO. m ..... m'ccrd tracl:. and
C?I~ act' .1 the north lII'1D end -.dja.
cent Ihore of' G . .t &1t ~, Tbe eornp&ny
" .. lICheduled to build , feet of ft u nn!
above the lake by February 1987 "batt the
State', pwnplnj: 1'.* '1
on Great Sait ~
... to ' rlPn Iowerinc the lake to • iDOIe "j;,;",,-~.
~
fonnpr{y
UIOi f? them
Mood¥
7.000 -.•• Be-
of
""""" ......
For tbe fourth time ainoe 1983, the UI1ioa
;;;~ the BruM Wellm'n prop-
Mountain ruM, J'ueh
Paei1k Railroad on the IIOUthem Ihonr of
the lake rei'!:1 Itli tnck bed. In 1986. ap-
pr'O'Kimately II mil. of tncIr. bed ...
r-ip! about 2-1/2 r..t..t a coR 011-5 mil-
....... •
inclicated, a mi_rnill
"'f£~t~
_pie"
pro-
8aIfur ( R U'f'tretI) •.....a......roo Oil Co. Fe- dllCll 6,2 millioq pound. of be",Wum ft·
oo",ed JUlfur from itli jII!b'olpwa reftnuy ide 0'0'Ii' 13 r-rs .t • .x.t of' '14 mllIloo,'
ia Salt ~ County, Produd.ion cIoubled. F.4timated ore , ' ' .... M we.... reported to be
end the quantity end .... ue 01'.1. inc:. , II 500,000 Mort ton. 01 0.6('" be'Yllium 0,,·
edabout~. icIe.' In Deotmber, the oomp&ny illImP . . .
... VlNKLU8 YVRAO"lI' . 1986

oI!'icilUy c~ to Beryllium Internation· labor cwt reduction. of 309l..

al 'Corp. In late 1985, Kenneoott'. ~t compa-
Copper.-The shutdown q( Kennec:oott'l ny, The $tBndBl'd 011 Co. of Cleveland, OH
Utah Copper Di". ODW:ll'Dlntor operau..:.. (65'1(, owned by Brit1ab Petrole"m Co. Ltd.,
(run MardI 1986 to f\aeem'-l986 dropped London), . Ppi o .ed • pIa.a to pi""" •. J with
wwe. production in the State about «I.. iJ>
_r
the $400 mUlion modemiaatioo of ita Utah
quantity and value oompared with that of
1985, and 87'11> belO'll' Iss. 1_1a, the
IaIt year of run operation. Kennecott WQ an 0 1e :"',veyin&
th. State'. only copper prodllce1' in 1986, ...d notation
primarily &om Itlleach opemi_ in Bing-
ham. <:.nyon. N ~ fA • Jabor umtr.ct
iiEtlement in JllIy

TUle I.-Utah: Mine producUon (recG>'erable) of rold, IlhN. ceppu . Ind. and line.

-" , -,,
byeount1

1tN. _
-__________
~ ... ..- ... .-
~
~-

""'-
,- ,,
,......•
lroo ____________
1Wtt.b . _ _____ _ _
T~ ___________ , , m .. ~
•
111,00'1
~- ,~
• ...."
.0,8'1''1.:11
') 1........
•
!!'I,m

Uk.1OW _________ _
•• ..• ..•
.-• - •
.,t_•
0 0

==~~==~==~==~==~==~~~:~
0
•
,-
_.....
11l3,toO.oI _________ _
t r... ___________ _
_-------
------------ "•
'hoaI ________ _ -~-~:--~-~-~~-~-"''''
0
1\,IM:n
..
..
..
• •
fi'W"ItbhoW . . . . . "· ! f
'Q . ..." , ' .. _
IJk._ illcl_ ...... .....Lld
...,_·oIJ,
poRY ..... :, ., .......
'eIo_"'"'w ... I' .. ...-ripil.',, _ _ _ bod .. ~ __
 THlI: MlNDAL INDUlI'I'lty OP UTAH

'hbIe 7.-Utah: IIIlM .-.ueUcJ.

(n c twenb)e) of IQId. sI::!'~7' ............
-
- III l'86.bJ d'H 010"' orotb.,.oWft

s ..
,-• -.
-
- - ,
- ,
-,
N '

•
~ E_

""
-p'
~
--
- - --
-- ~

..

, •
T«aI _ ______ _ • •
•, • •• • •
GftItoI_
_ 7 ___ 777 __ 77 __ _

••
77
_

7
__

• • • • •
1<10.01_

TMoIe 8.-Utah: Mine .-.1Id6on ( _ e n ble) 01..". . .u~. W;; 1-. Iead. ..... dIoe
In It8$. b, type of.e'eri.. prGClHld ...d -u.od ofrl ni!l",f
_
01 . . i0oi
ad 'I 101"• ,,,.,
111,!1O'1 UIUlI
• • ••
" ' -
T<UI_=,',
7 7 7 7 __ 7 7 ___ 7
'1a1 7

7
n

7
h

__ 7
7hTT __ h U " "

7 ___ 7 7 ___ 7 777_7 •• ..• •

Gnad _ _ _ _ 7" _______ 7 ____ ' _ , , _ ,

• • •
www ""'_ r I> I
• 1'·'''.';''''_
-

ilnIt lhipment of plIium I'rom the Apu

PIO......"t . . made Oft April 14, and of pro
menium wi ... duriDc the • - rk of AvguK
11. MUtIto 16pOltad the pJent pro;: E~
10,270 dry Ibort tom; for the PR?d\tCHm of
760 ~ of plIium -end 2,W kilo:

:':;:::E:~eree complained graFU of gel illinium dllrillc the year.' Situ-

.ted - . . Shivwit., wwt of at. a. Po the
blowiaa' dllA. Tbe !luee [ttrt ;Un W(IUld ;Unt .... about 10 mllM IKI!tbeMt of it.
outIiDe ~ to IUPJIi - II duat before raw mlteriel eouroe, the old Apez Mine An
the ~ """' rMCtiva&ed in J ...,.".I!18'7, intermittent pror;i1lC6l' oI ...... ~ l r, l..t, end
duriDa UI,J' WrmP;11Il}' ebutdown, end efteF .u.. from 1883 to 1952, end pJl1um end
pei"'eMDt &"1'6 of the opere:tioIl. geJlunium in 1986, the miN liM ill the
In other reclemetion W01'" The An_ Tut:equbet minins diR.ricL in the -..u.m
ele IrrIinereJ. Co., e divioriorI 01 Atlentir;: Rieb: end of the BMver Dam Vtpgnte1n' • W;Mb.
field Co., t " 'n e $5 mlUkrn pmject to 00161 ington. Co"nty. RMent inVI2' ',ero--" iJMIi.
end i6"cetete the 'emnp po1WI. on ita ""ed the _ may have beea doopwited ill •
)I67"'enentlY clrp~ CuT Fork ptOJ*L", lPohltiorw:olbopee bl -d' pipe m.t.I of •
~16Co"nty. fault bnpc..!' .. pI6'rioual:J p"'h1'ated. Pur-
GaIIhun ... Gu enlum St (leojp .... _ . _ - .. 1IIUIm1I1IIiiUU.
. . . . - ......... ..-....
-,---,,-_.> hi I .•
Ninins Corp., e "Ibejelja." 01 MUlto Ewpio- plJ*, orimil .. to the Apall or. boIb'. _
re'" Ltd., Ve _ _• Ceneda, beet_ pi_nnee! for 1987. Tbe PXrmpaD)' -"mIt: 1
the worId'e 11m prlmery producer _01 pl, provEn on; rnntM in 1986 to be 180,000
Ihlm end J6i ""nium .t;cmde in 1986. 11le ton. containi..... 0.(142'10 pJl1um and O.UK
 MINER uS YEARBOOK, 1986
germanium. AptaC,.lmfttely 60 worke",
were employed at the operation.
Gold.-Tbe Mereur Mine of Barrick Me ....
cur Gold Minee.lnc., a IWblIidiAry of Ameri-
can Barrick Reeourcea Corp., Toronto. Can·
ada, princlpa.l producer of gold in the State,
ranked 11th in the Nation'. gold outpuL
Byproduct &Old wae also recovered at Hecla
Mining Co.', F'«aIAnte silver mine and the
Kennecott Bingham Canyon Mine. The
shutdown at Bingham Canyon brolIght a
more than 15% decline in Utah·, gold
. ; however, booc>t._ the llver&ge
n.e from $317.66 per troy
$368.24 in 1986, the vallie
...lroll
ore mined and
and Skel.-USS shipped iron
1'.....
. ~ lit the Coo:tstock
Mine, Iron Sprinp dl.trict, Iron County,
and a small amotIIlt of lean ore n!maining
from previO\l8 operaton."
A 43% deerease in pig iron prod~n
..as ettributed, in part,. to the S-month
ahutdown of the USS Geneva Works at
Orem, Utah County. The work ,toppage
tluit t pn on August 1. .. hen usx, parent
company of US$, and rep! m ntatives of the
United Steelworke", or America failed to
reach a Labor contract agreement, contino
ued through yearend. Among the changes
80IIgbt the company _re paycuta of
about hour and chAnge!! in aeniori_
rulls In the pB&t 5
at the Geneva Works
6,000 worke", to 1_
~;,~ i many years,
~ Wo~ ........ eIpected. to auppiy
California pillut with about 70% of ita ':::~
rolled lteel until Oetober 1989. After ~l
date, Federal import restrictions are ached-
uled .... ""pin! and, according to the agre&-
ment, USS-POSCO will become the Pittll-
burg plant'. primary source for IOelI1ifin_
iahed coil
Concern mounted that the Geneva atee1
plaut, the last of the integrated basic atee1
pilluta in the Western United States, would
not reopen. Induatry 1lJlII!y&ta pointed out
threata to the plant', future, ineludiDg the
_ of ita priocipa.l California market, a
need for completely modernizjng the Gene-
va facilities, the aeU-off or closing of aeveral
ra .. material sourcea and steel .ervice cen-
ter&, and the 700- to 9QO.mile distance to
west ,."... marketll. In addition, environ·
mental problema had to be add . .. ed. For
enmple, on February 3, 1986, the U.s.
Environmental Protection Agency filed suit
in the U.S. District Court against Usx,
alleging that Geneva dillcharged poUutanta
in Utah Lake in 1985. The ageocy aought
$3.5 million for the violation.
In February, e W-member Geneva Advi-
sory Board W811 created to raiee funda for a
feasibility RUdy to determine if the Utah
pillut could rem...w competitive after 1989.
The board, which included union reprmnt-
atiVM, manage .... , State and local govern-
ment official.., and busirtel!lO leaders, would
direct the investigation of wet, priee, and
market dlot.. and, if the pliont were permII-
neatly ClclZd, tlyto deten:n.ine the direction
of the oommunity's economy. By yearend,
$100,000 had been raiaed for the Itudy from
the union. Utah County, and USX; the
Federal Ecooomic Development Agency had
given pl"eliminary approval of $200.000 10-
ward the ,tudy.
N"ucor Steel Div. of Nucor Corp. operated
a 400,(lOO..ehort-ton-pu-year Bteel minimill
at Plymouth. BoJc Elder County. At the
plant, an electric arc furnace melted IICtap
steel for pouring into a oontinuoua-casting
billet system. Products included engl ....
reinforcing hare, chllnnel.., flats, and coiled
roun'" In March, ft $30 milljon pillut ell'
p"DI'io", wat annonnced for manufacturinl
merchant bare and ahapeil in emaller sire'
At Brigham City, N"ucor Steel', Vulcraft
Div. produced joi.eta and joilIt girdert; ita
Cold FlnilJh Div., cold·fmiS>ed steel pr0d-
ucts; and ita Grinding Balla Div., lrinding
bal.la for the IIlinini indll8try. About 300
worke... ~ employed at the Nucor Steel
Plymouth operation, where production per-
sonnel were nonunion and worked under a
group incentive pillu that provided additiQn-
al compe!ll!8tion each week (or increMed
performance.
Magneaium.-Magneorium production de-
dined in quantity and value at the AMAX
Magn""ium plant at Rowley, Tooele County.
Areording to the AMAX Inc. 1985 and 1986
10K Annual Reportl to the Securities and
 THE MlNlllUL lNDU8TRY OJ' UTAH
Eubl. Ownm · p ion . the com.-nTa 1986
~o:Sum production d«:1ined to 2'1,800
Ihott tona. compared with 81,500 ' - in
19U. AMAX Magn..ium .eco.e:toecl mll'D&-
limn from Great Selt Lake brinee that. wen!
........... trated in eolar evapontioa POIIda.
PI"'X : ~ into moer ;um c:hloricIe, .nd
aleo:troQ1ice.lly eep&nled into mapelium
metal; dlIcrine and eod.ium ehl.oride were
produoed .. byproducl.l. On June 7, • • II'l\!
.torm cauwd O. .t Salt r...ke to breaeh the
IS-mile maIn procec:ti.... <iib ~
the compuTa IOII:r _poratioG poQC).,...
ten.. Brine ...ten ...... diluted end ren-
dered WlUllbIe. For the ",mainder of the
yeu, the p\l..a.t oper.ted on stockpiled _te-
rial and brlna p!.lI""Chaeed from the KAiee.
• ChemkaI Corp. p"'Mh p!lnt
at .\MAX M.cneeium Ii ad
· !he dike and flooded poIld
.t yearend, ...... eonaIderill¥
for till ruture. iDe1l"'ing
• _ S20 mmjon IOI&r napo-
11 KDoUa, edjeo:>n\ to
~.at !he Stawo'a
••
from an
$2.92 in 1986.
.hid>
in 1985 to
Silt-P". Sil.,.,. pnxIuetioa r..ll 1~ ;.,
quantity 1M Ibout ~ in 'llilll .. !he
.......... pric» 0( the ="IJ declinecl &om
$6.14 per tI'Oy OWIOII to $6.47. The p.,lute
Mine of Hee!., the primIJ")" producer of
iiivel' in UtIh, __ ranbd. row1.h ;., the
NatioD. Aco:ordinI' to the HeelII98e NI!lILli
,.,pot&, 2,2'14.924 am_ I 01 iii.... .... _
CO'O"ereci, oompared with 2,4.88,978 OOlN in
1985. To Ntluce 0IM1a, ...-orkerl' bourIy
WfIPII were reduced ll)oW, and • klmpo~
lite reductioa .... ~ted with the
Dine !«=e11"te Rw-al E1.:trie A"';a·jon
About 120 -un were emplo;csd at the
ope.atiotl..
Situated 4Z milee __ ofCeda. City. Iron
County. the depoeit, _'alnlng iii.... min-
eraliZllUoft and minor 'OVIOIPti at ieMI....:!
siDe, .... iD an epithe, , I quarta.caIcite
vein ertendiJ>a: 6,000 feet I\ooa: the etrike,
more than 800 feet deep, IIId aTencln,18
feet wi.M. The COOIpanJ' (IIpIimated pt oow
..,
end pr-obebIe _ II .. I i . to be 11','00
obort "'"'" with an a.-enp , . . . at
0/" 1iIv-e. per ton.
9.'
.... 1'11 EI
Pl"ocIucen of byproduct .Ilver included
Kennecott'a ru",1wn Canyon Min., and.
Betriek Uerellr'1 u:1e.... Mine.
V,"dlu ... U...lu... Of tha th. .
SUota. Idaho, Colorado, and UtIh, th.t
.ecovered vanadium in 1986, Utah ranked
third: At the Whll.l Mwa mill, 6 miI... _t.h
at BlInding, a joint ventllt'e or Umet<:o
Minerala Corp. ('101(,) aDd. Eoeti) Fuell
N1H..... r Ine. (SlHIo) pm . I crill primarily
ror Enal'ltf Fuela' Arizona uranium opel'
.tiOl1l; however, I $IiIII1 emoolnt at byptod-
uct yenadium .... ,eco.'e.csd I"rom uranifer-
Atiaa Corp.'. unurlwn-.... nodi.
um - . Moab ....... ieed on "pM.
CO<npanJ' reported .1I1ni 455,000
of U.o. out of inventoJ'y durlnjr ita
yeu 1986; Ita vanedlum inventory
.... eokI out in 1985. SbooUcl ......ket c:oncIi:
tbIa 1M the price 01 U.o. allow, CO<npanJ'
opI'IJ.ione a;,.,Jd be r n rtiVllted within 8
weeb aDd. clevek>pment of the Farley urani-
um and van&d.ium depoait, nMr TIcaboo,
GIlJ"fulIdCounty,oouldp", , d
Rio Al&om MiBina Corp. PlOP 2:1 Ul"lllj.
um or-. but a1tbaowb TSnadium .... po-.
.....
ent in the orea, no .... nfldium .... FE "t_
Uranium and, OImlIequently, ye n. clium
output coati.n1Md ... Kely deprEFEE~ b&-
ca_~1ow pc; . :, 1..- UA andocmpetition
with IDa I I 2 ~ Importa at ",t>.oral and
entioelw<l uranium. Nuevo'l E:&cbange Val:
1M prleea ror U.o. in ronOlillti"atee hovered
in tbt $16:75 to 117.25 per pound range
thtouchout the ,...... AI it h.d .; ...... 1961.
the Metal8 Week price for .. " 2,tie 98..
MId VA (meta.IIurpcal Kn<ia) remained
at $8.65 per -pound of VA. Uranium pro.
dllCe .. continued to pmtwt uranium im-
port. and bekI that,.a:ordInc totha AIM!\c:
BlNill Acto( 19$3. S tio<Il6t (v), tbe U.s.
Department ofEne.O mu.t IWtr'.ort enrich:
meut at foreign~ uranium in orcIer to
fulflll ltllep.l ruponsibility to maintain a
viabla tkMn lie lUIDlum inti......,.
At year-
end, the ind\llb"y .... lwaiUnc' 10th CIr-
cW.tOounat An I ,laMo 'F " ' CID tha " ."
Throucb the ,....., Arp.e Corp., Denver.
00, removed. ndloecti'ffl I.Ulnp from the
dilmantled Vitro Chemical Co. uranium-
... KlHD U 8 n.uBOOI,19S8

!til plant IOIIth tAOrhr.

W.ber Coo.mty, W..tera Zir(:onlum Inc.
DOI!.ti.aaed to ~ priIrw'y lIirconium
'P""I" aDd aoprodud. ha!I1ium 'P"'l&'II from
........ ;'m _~ im.... 'ed from A_
tral.ia. Tht Wwniu.m 8P""P _ con~
edtoiqut.
_ _ MIz 010- . JL "'-'= ,•. co.

Xu ., ...., _IIM U' P ' ... _ .............

_1.ooMCiI)'. UT "lSI

IT 'III _ _ ......
Il0l1 t.aCll:7. UT Nil'

_5. __ ___ ________ __.

--
ME
";1' II.

_ _ . ..... ____ _ 7 ______ Z7

N!!' of.

TMW. . _ .... Opoooil_ ........ __ 77

-~
-~-
I1IfIOullo _ 'III. . -- _ ..do ___ _ 7 _ 7T ____ _ _

" .. ' "UI'_

Opoo ................. -- - -
Opoopll _ _ 7 _ _____ _

--
_11''' '__

--
a;·p=Cu-.UTBfOOI

,-UTIfff'
0p00 ........
N" j .
-.'7 " .

-- o.-,.. ...... ...,! pIu' _ _ _ _

_7.'" ___ 55___ 5___ ._
-,.
~UT&o&5'
--...t,ur_
~o ;ad~U'T""
th on. ili00i ........ __ _______ 7 7 7

_ m

--
-~-
-~-
- ~ .. lPf_
Gn,',-"
QIIanJ ........' , . ____ _ 7

,
900' ",,01_""""'"
 nm MINERAL INDUBnlY OF UTAH ...
~., -
~-.. .... ,; p-

as- pII _ _ pJon. ___ _

.-
..
--_ --------------
, ,_I ,. 4-1:-" _.,
-.
......-
4 •

_---------------
___ . . ______________
___ . . _________ _____
-
8oItLoko.
T-.

......... pIoo;to _________ _

C ,.Rod<"',' lao: _ --_ .... --------------

~- ...... """ ---
_1I'_c. _____ _
___ .... ______________
_ __ . . ______________
Do.
1)0,.

~!"'-",'-~-.
" __ ","- __ n _ n h _

Jodt .. _ c.. IM ___ _

u_ .. u _u_ ________
___ . . _______ _______

..
--_ --------------
-
c , "....
s.IIt.Iw.

...
--_ --------------
PlIo_ pIaoto __ __ _____ _

--
u " " , ..... ..w. ,

'-, Qoo" ............

W p' lz ""

....
n_ " nnnnnnn

M h ' .... "". '

-~ """
_h " hnnn_ n

--_ ---------_.---
--_ --------------
_ __

--.
T '

900- ,. '" .............

'" lGNBRAIB YEARBOOK, 1986

Tab~ 9.-Prlndpoal produeen -Continued.

Ve l " ,.
.0\Il00 Corp.. AtIoo W" 010 _m_
b'~
.. " LEE
-
~.

U_Vj" oIoCo<p __ __ ba
B'oo.H;. t1r846U

, t,
 The Mineral Industry of
Utah
This chapter .... been pnpared undtr • M~morandum of Understandl", between the
Bomw of MinH, U.s. Department of the Interior, and the Utah Geolo&ical and Minerai
SlU"O'ey, for eolledln~ InfonaaUon anall no~1 mlneralL

By Lorraine B. Burgin'

Canyon Min.. , fonne:rly Kenneoott'. Utah

Copper Diy_ Metal production ,....., from
nelU'ly one-half the ' total vahle of nonfuel
minerab in 1986 to more than two.thinh in
198'1.

,.
Tablel.-NOlIfoeI mine .... produetlon in Utah'

....., .- -.,'*.". -., .- ,~

(U.. 'l
.... ..." .-... ....::,,.,.
') (''''777'1:)
(fl- "

•
..w,:::
,m
m• ,.~

~
w
..• • ..• •
u"
a
~,

w
~

~
,.~

... .,"
lI"ll
'&
m
I.U: ..,..-
"'" ,~ •
...
"'"
•
,.~
!.lOB ~

.....• ,.• ,-,• ...•"

"'-
'l4.~ ~
w ""l ~

4.e6J JU!IO
w
'1(,1(10
w

'"
'" MINEltALS YEAJUIOOK , 1987

Tabloe 1,-Nonlu.,1 mlnHall prodund In Ulah ill U86, b,. c:vunt1'

- ___ - - __ __ ____ - - n __________ _ _

-------------------------,--
, .
t"e:::::::::::: :::: ::::::: :::::::
a..uok ._. __ _ ____ ____ _ ____ __ _______ _

~ ------------------------- - - - - -

tiM;'" 7 " _ _ n_nn_hnh ....uu _

'No ' IIooI-\, 01

"
5 7 " , .. . .

'Doo&_ ....,·.... ~_Iot -1

Nationally. in value of prod\ld.ion, Utah when USX 1lruI00Jneed a joint-venture

ranlted fint in native .."halt {rIlionitel, lI(lument with Pohang Iron and &.1 Co.
Ltd. <POSCOJ. Republk at Korea. to aupply
plJ.iU1I1,1U\d berylliu m-oontaining ore.; eec-
and in por"b., thifd in copper mep""ium,
aDd ftnIdium; fourth in ;Old. pbo»phate
. ",mi/inlahed coil to the USS.POSCO lndu.-
me. modemiud plaut fi Plu.burs, CA.
rock, and lilver; and rlf\h in molybdenum. btcinnill&Oetober 1989. For years, the USX
Uw. contiJlued. the only St.ta pnxlucj nl Pltblburs plaut had MerJ the mvbt for
. and. gilaonite and ... one of three lIlOIt r:4 thea.._ Worb outp,lt; however,
output of potaan, mqn"";um, the new OI)m.pllny eltabliahed other me.rket.
lUld, by )'8IU"9lId, had full order boob.
Production of vanadium, a byploduct of
u.-..nlum output 011. the Colonido P1aINu,
continued to decl.iM becauae of dePi ed
priCM and competition frolll impOlU at
u...mum.

~ ;~; ""'~!"'
loCi 7 Et 7 in value were poeteel for mii&D""
" andlil""f
w" .. ....~
n\lfll.,
siUID compou ..... pbtwph.1e rock. pot' j.
um .-Ita, MIt., oonstnICtion IIMd Mel rravel,
inu . M The price pin occurred and. cnWIed Itonft. Althoo&h F. W. Dod4re
many compe.nies cut bacl< production . .tittie. indie.ted aignifiCant declinM in
atoc ... of refined metal dwindled ~::; totlil rMidential and nom. .ldentiel con-
lowe.t point in many yea ... while d struction, 22.7' and 27 .~, rMpectively,
remained .trong. nonbuildi ... co ....tructiOll. (i"OMda, hlgh.... a,..,
or mapr aconomic imporUlnee to the dama, t.ricii-, powerpiantll, etc.) InCi Lan d
State .... the purchMe and _rtup of the 53.3' . 'I'hl8 Keounted, in pait, for the p.in.
Geneva Works steel plant. idle linee AIIgIIBt in coMtruction aand. Mel rravel and cruah·
1986. Buic Man ufactwina and Teehnolo> eel .tone prociUoCtion.· ~ compnnentli 0(
g;. of Utah 1m:. lBMTl ..::quired the plant the liIu.er inCi 7r treI"'e the dik. bIIilt to
from USl Corp. in Auguat. renamed the enckile U' Great Salt Lake wate ... in
operation "Geneva &.eel 0( Utah.~ and "'" the Welt D r It lt pond, and COllIIt.ruc:tion on
wmed production in the third quarter. The dema, roedl, and. h;':hwaya.
.,-;.... facility, eonotn..lC:ted d uring World lArL, latlOIl and Government Pro-
W.. II, fICed all uII~rte.ill future ill 1985, rra ..... -Since 1979, the U.S. a"'l$Iu of
 THB WI NIRAL lNDUBrRY OF UTAH
'"

~ ""'.
and Millm Coun·
tie.; Diamond MoITlt County,
COl"""" 0 ••
f\eld Ov,mty;
Goro ........

IEVtEW IV NONfUEL MlNHAL COMMODmES

""AU ou.neeI of !Old, 1,788,000 troy ounces or

Beryllh.III.-Buyml,lDl ore prod'!(1ion de-
e1inec! in qUUltity and Talue; BruIII WI U·
IlUID lDc. eoratinued .. elM priJ>c:i~ ___
of'be",Ili"III"'" in the United &._ The
bertr.ndit.e ..... _...
ailver, Ilnd ~,OI4,OOO poundo! of molybde-
.=.
.u 01 o.o..mber 31, 1987, BriUlb ~le­
om [dimlted BiJllb.un c.n,o.. I I ' ... eII to
be 746 million toM, min-ble by open pit,
elM and IVI!!I'IICinI 0.70&J0 .::oppel , 0.014 ounce
of gold, 0.1lVI ounce or &il......, and 0.053'l1O
molybden ..... per ton. ReM....... minable by
underground methods wertl p eetin>lted 89
million tollII neraging 2.81'l1t copper, 0.046
0" 01 ,old., 0.61 0" ...... of .uVlll", IOIld
......

0.017' molybdenum perton.

The BiDaham CatiJ'op Mint! OWlIership
.... aipi&.ntly reotrudured duriDg the
yetU'. In 1981, Kennecott ~me I .. ,bsid-
iary 0( St.OO.rd Oil Co., Ohio, 66'l1O owned
uti o".! Corp. by Britiah ~um. In 1987, Britiah p~
fOJ' p open.tlon in the troleum Kquh·ed the rtlrrWninr "5% of

.....
.reo. ..here Ot"e Stand·rd Oil and reorg',";'M Kennecott
and It!! Amnion MiDenlII tn.:. into I lingle

_.
'" .....
for e.,tknh ""- per I 5-mile
lOll lverap 66.062 centa per p"".nd in repI ...... the I'IllI"Old and
1986 to 8U!18 omtll peT poutMi a 1987. eInl' ore the pit to the ""' 77,000-
PI if: I ror 1::98~.;.7.-anced from I low rJ 6U87 sbort-toft-pel'dly W1 .... ntn.tor at Copper-
... to I high of 150.77 CltDta per ton. Conrt.ructlon 00 the Copperton facili.
tiN included illlta1ling three ..miautog·
enou8 (SAO) milbl in the grinding pilnt and
63 Wemco not.tion cen. (thirty.three 3,000-
cubio-foot '*11. lou-gest in the industry;
..me... 1,00Ck::ubic foot 0II1!.; IIld I'ourteen
600 Mime foot 0IIlla) in the copper circuit or
the adj .... nt nat.tioo plant.. Copper eonc:en·
tratel 'WOIIid be tl'anIIportM 17 mil .. direct-
\y to the OlJ'f\eld IIIMlter via. S-inch atee/.
lined pipeline; I 43-inch concreto pipeline
 MIN1DlAUI Y&AllBOOK, 1987

tori. Odde lent I i ..... tot"ed 8.4 mlll;on

toM pad;n, 0.033 '1''Il00 ollOkl per ton.
Refnetory carltoo--.. .wf"1de ore ..

.......
Tbe _ ~t.ion was expected to ..
quire r_rempl"". " . About 7,.01) workeni
we... employee! at the Utah Copper Oi... in
1981; with the dec.-eue in copper produo-
tion and .-..ultilljf Iayoffa, the won: fOfW
__ reduced to 2,800. At the end of the
modemi#tlon project, employment will be
l"urtber trimmed to l.aoo.'
on.. oomPM), predieted that after com-
pletiDa u.. "'O'krnization yt"',&ID in 1988,
the miN -ud I··.. ,.. the low at 0IlIt
prod",,*" in NOI"th America and _ 01 the
IOHNt CCMt prodw:en in the world.
GslUu. and Cta ·'Il ua.-Phoof,oc:tion 01
pllillJll...w ...... :111 :1 in quantity and
value; DCI genma.nium was ,...." •• red. On
1, St. Mining Coo-p., •
olM...to Ud., V...·
Ulled ita
....... "".Ied en 'jm.'«I 11..7 milli .... ~
toM padina: 0.059 OO'''''e ol rold per ton. •
Iron ~ and SteeL-Gilber1. .De-reIop.
ment Corp. .mpped iron. on from the iron
Sprinp diatrict, -..thw..t 01 f)wIu City,
Iron County, to the reopened end ...named
Caneva Steel of Utah plant near Provo.
VSX', USS .Minntac .Mine in .Minn: : A'
Plowlded. most of the plant'. iron ore, .. b1ch
.... Ulpped in penete ...erqina: 6U<Jto iron.
OD. dry tn±
In February, VSX annouooed Ita USS'
Cue •• Woru DMr PtOiO woWcI be IDdeft..
n1te1y Idled &nd, OD April 2, the ODiDpIny
. nMOoI........t \u Utah m.el plaut would be
permaDeDtJ)' c"-l, eff'ldive Juq I, UIDe
n..,uatecl the .... of it. Canna Wwu
to • of Utah in-.tore, BMT, The
.... on the group', obtainine:" fl·
and reaching a II'W ( .'1 union

'.:;;"~U;;"'" •
'";':J;
~
The new hIboi' apwment
allnwed for profit iJbar.
C-C;, BMT pureh ,ed thl
..
$40 millinn. USS

;~~~~~~~~~~ ........ .
produetl.oa
eel and tile
ita nUll ....
..... l u tm-
neumed .mppina'
The
.oJ" of

,..."
" l i i l l in

in

Gold Mm., SP
M;~, Hecla Nuoor Steel
a 400,ooo..hort-ton-per-year
at Plymouth, ~ Elder County. At the
plant., an electric arc furnace melted IICI'Ip
.teel for p ..,...-nina- by continllOlJlLC!tntina-
equ.ipmenL Nuoor'. Utah production capao-
It)' t.r.e. :-wl to about 600,000 tona per year
with the .tarW.p at a mIIjor ezpa.neion In the
third quart« 01 1981. N\KX)r &eel', VuJ·
craft, Cold :Finw., and Gnndlna- Bal.I diYi-
. .' " CODUO ...... production nf varicua prod-
ucta ,tBriplm Cit)'".
Mac-Uulft.-Mag. ..hUll output decltn·
ed In quantity and nlue It the AMAX
M'Vetltum Corp. plant It Rowley, Tooele
County. n.ecompany, • SIIbsidiaI)' of
AMAX Inc., continued to purehue brines
for thl production of magnesium matel
rrom Kaller Aluminum'" Chemical Corp.,
 THE MINERAL INDV8TJlY OF UTAH
Wendowr, and fl"OQl I ..lie Salt nT. 0{
~ ~ Newark, CA. In J ...... AMAX
contracted with Mo" . ,,...Kn""n Eng;.
neer., Boiee, ID, to conatruct a new aolar
evapontlon .ywt.em on 68,000 ac ... on de&-
ett t.mIa north of Knolls, ToDela ONnty,
aDd. _ t or GrMt Salt Lake to repI ......
CODIi*I1' evaporation p)IIdlo deetroyM by a
June 1986 Itorm on G"",t Salt l ake t .ke
wate .. would be brourht to the new pond
.,.tem from a ~\Ial'&-mile, U root.deep
popel created by the St'le to 10wer the level
olGNatSalt l ah Utah', $60 million Wst
D Ftt purnpinj: prqjact, wblch iocluded
m.ta.llatlon or three nc:ord.... centrifugal
pum~ .... eltpected to reiluoa the lake
level 18 inchet from It. historic bCh 01
(,211 .85 feet aboM _1eTel. AMAX Na&ne-
. i the cli.tiU'te 41 mil"" to
" tion or uranium , 55 ehi wen expected to
;,~~~:~
~
Miner-aJ. .eoo,enod
.... bjp:tod1.lCt ol w PP'r pro-
at It. BlJliham Canyon operation.
'I'M Britlah Petrolewn 2I).P 1981 Annual
a"o wed output 0{ contained IDOIyb-
fl"OQl ...... nd. in
, INDUSTaIA&. Mn
SilT<!!" .... .. ... • byprodud. or
gold production at the Banick Mel"Cllr Gold
Mina, and from the preeiowI metal. nua ore
.mpped by Sunahtne Mininl'a Triait Mine
to the BP Mine..... -.alter.
UranJu... VanaoIh,- or the !'oat.....
w ....ina: Tlfl4dium-<:oLorado, IdahD, aDd.
Utah-Utah ranked thlrd. Output 01 vana-
dium ,eoo . .. ed .... bjpoodw;t oC uranium
'"
produetioD dtdinad in qua.ntay and nlue.
'nIe Whi14 M_ mill near Bl,ndin" ajoiJI t
venture of Umatw Minerall Corp. (70..)
and Energy FIIell Nuclear Inc. (80%), proo.
~.'~:I 0IftI primarily for Ene,"" FIlet. from
114 ArDon.. uranium OP"notiona. Umatoo
Mine... Diy. 01 Unlorl Carblda Corp. re-
opened a unmium mine near lA Sal, San
JUIUl County, to aupply uranium oN for It!!
2,OO().too..poo .....y nilll. TIIa mill produced
4.8 million poundI 0{ uranium _Ida and 2.8
milli,.. poundlo of .,.nad ium pentcride in
1....
Beta""", or the wntinu..iq" dept 7ssed con-
ditlon or the domstic uranium ind~,
AtJa. Mine ..... ViT. or AU.. Corp. perma-
nently ek PF~ It!! .........nwn minel and prw.
-me mill n.... Moe.b OD June 30, 1981.
Sal.. or uranium inventoriea and liquida-
reclamation costa. The
mid-
~~
Minin, Corp. pi'" I unmi·
. "' '-CeO-: allhollgh yanadium .... pIW-
no vanadium ...... rewv·
~:::":~ .... ........,.red
producc.ioo at the
In 1986. EnaI'l1
Fuebo Nucl ..... purch F'! d the Weetinrhouae
Electric Corp. uranium · tndiwn rewY' ry
plant . t the Binrham Ca!lyon Mine. The
plant .eopepwl in Pebruary 198'l aDd. ,..
c:onnod .,;:andium . . . bjpiooiuct 01 un.nl_
um piC)( '35 ;", 0{ copper IMch material.
s.tenium we. recovered from anoda allme.
at the BP Mineral. ~rica copper rermery
. t Garfield.. Near <>idea, W..tern Zirc0ni-
um Inc. wnLi.D.ued p:t"Od,lcin, primar]" Eirco-
niwn fPOOIP and eoptooiuct hafnium . ponp
from zircon ooneentnotel iFDported from
Auatnl.Ia.
4U
'" MunuA I8 YEARBOOK , 198 7
.,. the """'" and ita value roIlI. IdNJ Bu",
Induat.riel l nc. . . theonl,. prOduce.'.
Th.... oompani.. manufactured and.
,hipped portland cement: South'ffMtenl
Portlf,nd Cement Co.', dry' PIOCH plant in
J u.ab Cow.ty near l.eaminiton; Ideal Bamc',
wet-proc T plant .t DrrillI Slide. Morpn
County; and I,.,.. Star Ind...t.riM Ine.'.
Portl,ryI Cement Co. of U .... wet.v<'< T
plant at Salt Lab Cit,. In Odober. Lone
Star ..... illed iq 70 emp~ that if de-
m_nd did Unpeo... producUon micht
not
not be relUmed in February 1988, after it.
tnditlonal winter shutdown.. The company
would then maintaill i1ll terminal in Salt
Lake Cit)' and t.ran.port cement from ita
planu in other Statet.ln "ri°tenee Iince the
late 1800'... the Portland Cement Co. of
Uw. .... acquired by ' - Star In 1979.
Ide&I . 68.211> _oed by HoIdemam
Inter-
ern ~nt, and Corp.
S_lUna bentonite .... mined by Redmoftd
Clay and. Selt Co.•t it. pi'" in Sanpete and
Sevier Counti. aDd We.tem C\ay Co. at ita
pit In SeviefCollnty.
The OM> ...... da,.. ...... .-d mll" l,. for
menufKtllring face brick. in l.h~iKht
a&IIieJ,te for CQDCn!te b1oc:Ir. and atructural.
oooerete, md in cement. SwtoIliIlJ bentonite
wu UJed for animal feed, driLllIIJ mud, and
... terpmci ~ E Ian\.
Graphite (Synt hette).-Hel'C1.liN Inc.,
.... ""'~ Diy., prodUl*! 1}'Dthet.l.e paphite
h ich-modulua flbem It ita Bacxt.,UI WorlD
...... Salt Lake City. Mote than 4.000 wo,k·
ers we ... employed to ....... ufactura lOUd-
propellant rocket moton, ,",phi'" m.&teri-
.... and Itructurel MlCh .. uperimental,
lOIid·pf'OPtllant--rod<et motor el'n Proehl<>
1100 of Iynthetic graphite Inc .... ' FI more
than IS% in quantity and .oo...t
1"% in
value. To verify c:omplillnoe with a United.
StatN S ).1et Union .,oement toeliminate
medium- UId ahott-range m;_i1-. the Sovi·
et Union elected to inspect the BaeehWl
plant, t1mllar to the Soviet facUlty at
VoWnllk, U.s.s.R.
Gy.-m.--Oeoraia·PaclflC Corp. UId
United Stau. GYP'''m Co., a wbacliary of
USG Corp., prod\lCed crude UId calcined
DjiMim. Gn-um"'opea pit mi_ north-
eut 01 the rompe ni_ en,·hi". and calc:irl·
ing f.emu. I .... the Dl&Dwactuno of ...n.
boatd .t Si,runi, Be.;". o"mty. ()ude D"P"
aurn production declined in qIl/UItity .. two
other 1986 produoen idled their operation&.
Output or ealcined gypIUrn ina. Ed about
6% in qlWltity and 6'll> in value.
LI-.-Total produetion of q"ick1j_ and
bydrated lime ,.inM in qWI.Dtit, and value.
Prod.-n lnduded CheF,.., lDe.. Grant.
-rille. Toe lie Coo' nty; Continental IJ_lDe.,
a "'''''".ry of Steel Broe. Canpel. Ltd...
Millerd County; BP Minenla, Salt I.ke
Count)'; and Utah Marblehead I j _ Co., a
.ut.idiery or United. State. Pollution eo...
trola Inc. (USPCI), Oklabmne City, OK. The
in" , in output wu attribuWd., In pert,
M
to -.m.p ol the BP Minerals Amelia.
fl0t4tion concE ntrator at M "&l" and WIB or
the product in .. FItem bMp-l-=h eokl
opI,adona.
Utah Marbwbd (/'WIIkC . ' ,idi'ry of
General Dynamic Corp., St.. LoOn;'" MOl
wi 'IO)IKI.t-' aDd rMtruc:tunId I~ opersbaow
and IOld Ita Utah plant to USPCI, a huard·
0\18 wute control company, in the firat
qUllrter of 1987. Called Materiab EneI'K)'
RMean:h • Roawoery Corp., a aubaldary of
USPCl, the new fum planned to e:onvert. the
----
flldllty'. two rotary kilns to bum hazerdoul
M.. " ulu. c..pon'" _Production of
meen........ ehIoride briDN We< r I in
quantity and value u K'irn Al"m ln .......
Chemk:el COIltinued to lhip brin. lrom Ita
Wendover plant to the AMAX ~wn
fa.cllity at Rowley. Ka;"! Aluminum •
Chemical, the principlli producer of meen •
siwn c:ompnundl. \'eCO\'In!d the commodity
and other produete from eu.be\lrr.- brinel!l
on the BOI1fllr.,UIe S&lt Flat.. ar-t Salt
w.,. 01 CluJ! R .. res.
t..b MiM..... Chemi"'w Corp., a Rbaid-
Oremleal Corp. ,
ehro prodl>Old macneeiwn ehIoride and 0th-
er producte from the brinu 01' GrMt Salt
Lake welt of C/(Idec, Weber Coucty. The
pnegnerlwn. chloride in bitterna, the fmaJ.
product of th, 1KIJ.ar avepDnltioc procT ,
wu UP!Id primarily "" a dust . uppnr71llt
 THE MlNKRAL INDU8TJlY OF UTAH
ro~ roads and indUftrial ....... aDd. ID the
.....r beet PlOC · Eplna: Industry.
n.o.phate ROd <.-MarIr...table ~
phate rock product.lon Inc. F' E~ moft than
" " ill. quantity; iUl value, bowe •••• . . -
oru, IIboot 91(, beca..,. 0( the declirle ill.
PC" : E Cbo .I Oii Reeoura:r. IlOIltinued .. the
oru, producer ill. the State. miNI\( and
Ph\( inl phoaphate rock north 01 V. rnal
and pumpina: the Ill7lTy 94 mil. to the
oompany'. fertllhe. plant in Roclr. Sprinp,
WY.
Pot.-h._PotE illm altt went
and ~ by Kei I Chemica" tL Kaj..
i-- ....
Ed
... Aluminum .. OIemical and Ten ,ulf
Cbomicaa Co. 01 ~ Inc. A1, ho..,h
tot.! procIuet.ion wu down, ealeIlnc. : .. , d
_Iy 39% In Q17antit1 and abollt 61'11> in
qJ~.
At the KalMr Chemi<:aU operabnli n .......
W. ....~ .t> • ....t.u.rface brill. conEainilll po-
ta.ium alta, Diium chloride, .... d ___
Elium oompol.lll(k _no coUed.ed r.w:. the
Bonne'fille Ball Ii'\aUl or the Gne.t BalE L&Ir. ..
'"
output Ina!F 'P d about S'II>, ' ... eding alt
producer. incll.lded O""at Salt L&Ir., Miner:
ala; American Salt Co.. , 1UbeidiarJ" of
General Ha.t Corp.; Mnrtou Salt Co., •
..Iheldie..., oIMortoD-ThioItollnc.; Diamond
~ Selt Co.; Intern e • loue E &:It Co.;
TU"8"...tf lne..; Redmond a..:, .. &:It; and
Brine Mo.b Co.
On Janll&l)" I, DUunond ~ Selt, St.
Clair, MI. pui"'Ch.-l the AMAX Inc. Sot·
Aire Salt and Chemical Co. for SSOO,OOO and
fiEture i"O)'a1tiezo bel! j 011 alt ahipmenta.
HO'OIfe'ItI., in July. """""" oompet.itl.ou in the
~pI_ and other fectol"S Pi"OFnpted.
Diamond CryetaI. Salt Ioeel.l ita IOl.ye&f'Old
altdiri7lion, incllMling the newly putchaMd
Utah facility. 10 Internationel Selt Co., a
l.ID.it of AIr.zo NY. e Dutch chemical 000'
IIlomerate. AboI7t 50 people ,",no employed
a t the.olar evaporstion and reflnery fecili,
ty Oil the..,..th ibore of OrMt Salt "ke
GrMt Selt LaIr.e MjnetalI IOId ...."tnop!
alt to the dIemieeI incIualrJ and 10 higb-
way department8 for deicin4I PIIIP1lF EE

The
o..rt and _ntfated in ..,Jar ....pOn. plant b.d 0.. gop..:it1 to produce 400.000
tion panda. I'otaaium alta _no theiI ha,., ton. of Ir.iln dried. -.It fo. water
vetted and pr<l' : d thfO\l&b. a ncte.tiOn ehemkal I other
to the chlOr

-
Ita Te......lf unit ·
a.noIlhipment8 were 12%

...
''''''''
:;- _bkh

... ,....
.... _p0n70tino
-
of..,...,
E on p-aYei at a Elite within
City; how .... the cit,. would not "",.mit a
,'"
of
flnilhed p-avel opel etlon within the cit,. !.imite.lA.te
in the,..... tlMo ...."petl1 filed a.wt in the
Fourth Dlltrict Court agllnR HiaI' llM
City, c1aitnlna: tlMo company ..... In bUllm-
ot the site before the city waalnoo:.i ...... Ied.
IndlUt"':"L - Utah'. only in,h.. trial MOd
produoer. Sal~ Lake VaIIe:r Send" Gnove1
,.. WlHUAUI YUBBOOIt, 1981

00., marbted the mmmodjty for mold;" ..
and 00I"I and tar IIalId blMtin&. Production
rename:! FHrntially the ..me but value
deelined.
StoM.-&.one prodlllltion Ia IUrveyed by
the U.s. Bureau <1iMin_ror odd-nllmhered
Ci2I1I ~ in quantity aDd value. ~rtly be-
ca..e Q/ the ftIIIumption of Binrham Canyon
copper operatiON, lltartup or the Geneva
Steel of Utah .tee] plant, conatruction of
pooo. In the WNt De.ert area, and other
ldiviue.. Cnaahed stone wu produced at 83

1_
yean oUr.
thi8 chapcer containa aetuaI.
data (or 1935 aDd 1\18'1 and Mtim"ea fw
1 7P
Data for _ u m l . " yean ...
t OD&nlIuaioomp&ll1" II 'Imatea.
Owlwd.-Quabed It.... production ill-
~ in 15 <XIIlIltiee; the Iud!.., eounty

...
.... Box EIder. 1'oIlow..t by Salt ' _h, Juab,
101m,"" Tooele. Morpn. and Utah Coun-

Table a.-Utah: en..heoI dOne'.o1d or uad by pO'och.«.. 11I 1981, by_

mc Mohon_ ...,ltM' ''''''len!

• ~.,.
.-
...•, ,.•
,. •
• •
....."• •",
n ...
__ e _______________ , . _ • • " , ___ _ _

,.~ ..
."• ,m"
~

u. -
I.\M

~ ---------------.--,-------------"---------------

TabM "_Utah: Cnaahed etollUOW or ....... b,. produefla In 1'87, by UM and dbtrid
In«m" _ _ _ U'L

- ••
•• ••
~
"
,.
•
•
'~
• u"•• ••
~1
..
~
" ..
"" .. ..
~ ----------------------

.... _ ...... ~ 7=, 4 ~ ...... '"'"'-""' ...

,
 THI: MJNUAL lNDUImlY or UTAH
'"
In 19S5, the U.s. Bur.u 01 M'n. began UIIedata for CI"'''Nd _ procIlIoQed in the
oompilin&" cruahecI ItODI Ma~ J:". die- three Utah ru.tnct. dcp ....ted ill. n,ur.. 1.
trlct. tor _ $t.atel. Table. pr E771111 ebd-

.. :=: _be
o
•
.•
0>.0'" ""t .....

.... 1,
1
·_----------_.1· 1,
----.-..L,
~ C- i
-·--------·---'1 r, '---------T-·-------
;". . - i .
-. ... '
I
---=---l (..
:J I
t'
'
!

-------------
.. i
I, 1,
'
,
-
_____
... (
~

.. __ 1L._. _______
\.
--L--------------i
. .l.
' __ .__ _

.... r/
,, '"-
/ " •
•
7

·__·_·_·_·_·_·_·-1
• ,
j
/
~"' I.-Ani p'e procluc:iq . "ttldll ln UtaiL
 i 1
l!1l J .
•,
~
i
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11 ilt
J l:ii~~~ IJ~;nl 1. j l 'h~ll' !" ,. .
0

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,
i
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~ ,.!• i If
•

I
1
1 i I'" 1 11. 1.' I li'!1 11 :
•"
•
. eo~..!i
~ j~
t 111 1 j1 Jlh 1l:nl"tn .gj J! -~&,jJ

~~!!
" !~iS'~' '~~~
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•
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8 18 •
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Z
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1i
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3 13 H
u
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I.
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ide
,~ . , -"""1 8,
~ i 'l~' 8~ ~U;
~ ii .tj-' .,j"l~­
i : 1i~gl 1
- ~ ~~ ·~a.s§,o~.s ",G;)ll 1
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I
 'I'HJ: MI NUAL INDU8TR.Y 01' UTAH
'"

, -
PIaat ... _

f _
. ...... ;..

. . . . . . .. . . .

........ --.
""-t. ............... ooIu...... , , _•

... .M .............. __

Il0l _ _ _ _

;...
:of" . ,
.
~~·"'Oo....... ~. --...... . ...... ~

. . ..... .............. 1!aI'lM.a.

~. -- ... .......... ~

o . _ ... ' " .... .

,
,............. . . .. . . . . . .

. . ..... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . _
._,
0..;,.
~­
So-"'·
"""
Lo.Poo.

a..-_.......... ... . . . .... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ila.

~W_OO •.•..• .. .... .. ... .... . __ •• Do.

---
-'"' --._
~".' __ ,o___•
..
J ...... ' - 00. ""' . . . .
....
__ ..... ..... . __ __u..
-
.... . .............. . . . -.
. . ..... ..............

.
C' . J ....
_lM.a.

~,
~~

,"___ . o.-oIao... PIOo . . . ~ . . . _.. . . . . SoIIlM.a.

....... ..............
s.... _ P ... ! .... PItoaaol ...... . . . . .. . . . .

U '
I' f
' _FIlII.
-~
....--
Qo,' I' .......... ...... ..
....... ..............

...• _...
LooII)'" ,. eo.. Quan, ••• _ • • -- -_ •••••
.. ,.u·
_ _ .H·JU,.
Ot.
Qo,' ' ,........ _._ .... .
" ....... ..............
q.. " _h ....... _....
 MIN.RAUI YEARBOOK, 1987
'" TQle !i.--Prlnclpal produmn -Continued
c ..

u...........v.-"""
A""" Corp., A.... v ia ... b'~ •
-~­
~.

U_M" "'0.,,__ __ b W
m "" III' "'11

:- t: 5
 THE MINERAL INOUS)"RY OF UTAH
TWo
Il00' ' " _U~::':;:.::':';77:':'
_IIoo
....... $"'
.... C ' · ' ... ':'~':':::-:';::'
v "' ~ : ":~':':::':'
... ,: 7 j~~W:::=:"~'
. ,. 1 7
. . .......... ' , ....
"'M'::':U::"~"""';M·.r.,

",m, : PC. o.IoJ ' ..... I. 'W,CIop'

TaENDSAND
DEVElDPMFM"S

",. IUIIotamIal riM II> the ....... of

_fuel _ prOd ........... duo ill
put 10 hiP prioa Jot _ ....,.. _ toIcF
_, _ ' 7 .... w'Ji; 10 IDa ,,1
........ of _ mm. II 11M: '" ''J
'OO~LFL' N ...· _ <>
_ _ _ of SoFt Lu. CiIy. Thio
104 Mlat Foe

0penIIl0III_ the SYIo', '" i&;:ipalprO:

_ of oowe' _ tII .. _ toIcF,
...... It '. "m, _ .....,

~ ,

_1'Ua _ERAL FIlOOUCTIOH IN UT0U4 '

4.
EMPlOYMENT

.,
 , ODd ..,. .. Iho IInI of .. :!'PI in II:< Ulliled
S - 50"... .. rrOClO!, ...Ifl<\o 0",
It.: • . . - ~ .1 20 .. _

.......
c.
' :' " -
:boo:t.:4 ',.,t""p".,of750_
-~'"
"'" 1911, .... )k;
............ ' 55 f', .. _of
er _ _

of.,..s.
- . JOId lor UIU ODd Illb lor ....
N _ DIrriIII "....... the ml:oo _

-.
4.....:1 1I!,l90 0110"" 01 lOki, 0CWI1t-
..... 50 ArrIaioorIllAlflck', !lIUunl'll
 .m-I
- ~~.,::. main_
prod"",,,,, of primary Jit<o.
IW'' ' ' '
"1"'01....
,><,..,... _ .... ,.....
oi .... _ _

or... Me 5 t - Duri.a I,.., ,.,. poo .... r _ AuouoIio.

""'" ..._..u""......__
,.. ""N, •

a.."..-TIot V1 N o '"" • 10 po <0 "PI,..

, ..,.,.-t 111M IM'"H~
<I&y """""'"'" "i .ocI """'" I!OII
.... 0I1nlM<d prionac\Iy 10 ... "",Itt of _ 111.000 thon
_ _ 1 .... lao PtOd...::tioll of CO ' ... " 1\117 ioYdo.
""" oad ..... MiIIIIIc of ~ ." ..... .
L. ,. '" \lot IOU! ...., .. 04 ....
Iio&, . d 10 an ... ll,(lO(l ~
_ ... U .... _ _ '1117 _ .
"\:1".rr-CIOJib Co.
con)
procIlICOd ~'.
IIIInt _ Auf'Ofl lao
Serio< (;owooy ..... ""'" Uoo dO)' U I
'IU......... rot tdiblt ..... _ .....

}''([. _I. 1911. Ullb _ '100 ....

"""
1"'....'"'-A 1/liioi...",,_ O. lot poOductIooo
pro". ;. ,he
; . ..
't5

" ' . - oil .... __ "'" ..... EeL _

=
_ Uf ' u , n .... I'Mmnlprioo
.. • wid< ..... AI 1M'" , ,t .,...aucu ....
_11 .... .

............ -
LJooo.-DotorinI 1911. ,,..,. ..... DutI", '''" _ . KAiMr AIotnWooam
II\ljor _ ...... lao ,he procIlIClioA of ..... 0, n' Corf>. _ ito ~
"""' ... --
 UTAH
, EOfND

_ _ _ 0.
_'
.,11. "5'1
'p)

. '"
o CIP'"
0 __
.. 11"'''' 1 5 .. to

.... ,-,."
".Al SVM8N S

~-
!!!I -".'''''"'1'
. . P ,II ....
. . 8& ... JIII ......

.,., .,.,
C\eIIo Cz i. . . . .

Q
,~-
~
~
~
-,--.
Ii
Co. ;
DI". ,
~

-
.........
~
~'p

--- I( p

.. M 4 ' m
"

I!!I W.g1l 1' ... _

. . M.1tt J: un
......

, ~ .....
~W
_..,0<_
---- ......
IG
 I[b<,.",.

, Do<oOolI:"

••

... _.
1 ____ r'
-·---- _____

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3
-
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-- • "

•
 ___ c: ..d : I._
C<>utn:<Ilon _ """ pJraYd 1'1'1,0:"10-
Ilooo io ....<)0:4 "" , ... US. Ekr ..... 0(
M9a ro. .... w 'w",""" _ .-Ir.
_ro. " ..·'1,:01 _ _ _
"" '"Mo''' po., _ .. , . Thi:o
o:I\ap!of c:co::&as ...... doto ro. HrM
aad 19U""" ali...... ror 19l"I.

-,
UT.....: o;PlSTlIUC"nOIoI 'ANO ... NII GRAvt:L IIOl.D 011 UKO 1M 1_,
In' •• JOA un C4TEOOfn'
 u.a._ .. _ _

, ".~ IV I'AOIIUCERS IN 1l1li.

1---------------------------"":::::';'"";":':..
:::':'::'::':': :'

..
 !
I I f I
I I' 1I t II I I
1
II I I J I I 1 I , I
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I
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I , .. , '01' 10 1 101 "" ''' ' ''' ' ,,A, ''' '
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 WI..l' Co . . .
'MOLl \L; ii»lQ =

ep.. ... - - -
-
-

"""' ... 0 ·' .... • . . ._ _ ~,

 -..E ' c. . . .
" •• CWQJ, 'ROOIJClFS

............... -
 THE MINERAL INDUSTRY OF UTAH

"' ... iottrior, ' "

bttII...-.....
110is .... " ... Iou ........
Utalo Gt<J'.t,,1 """ MI...-.I
til<
M.IIIOtOII4... 0( U - - . _ _ til< &.rea. 01 Mi- . u.s. ~.t
s.ne) lor coIeedog .... ' ..IIIon ... oU _r.tl .........

By Michael N. Greeley' and Robert W. Gloyn l

~ mi .... ""'......... to in- of ......1 plant. olld the ",,.., •• ,ion cI

U =- .heir productioo of
nonfue! minerU in 1989. Th:
l<>I1l .. .... 0( OUtput ",.. to
Dtafly 5U biUkY>. about 21% 0 .. ' \hal
01 1988. Th.is """""""",, ..Iue oroved
mi .....J prodoction foci~tioo odj..,."t 10
lhe Grell! SaIL Late.
Duri", the period oll986-38. output
01 ""''''' ua ... .... ted """,modi, ........
.rllIy dcctirotd Of stagnotcd when both
,be SUI< up to ninth.,..." in tho nonfuel ......"iol .rod nonresidential """""'>0-
ntineral industry of tho Notioo. rion "",;yj'y docreaoed. A .. >enol o(,his
b'eOd~ in 19lI9, _ _ , .. <>In.
Awoximal<ly 8J'!l> d. the mioenl
va/ue """ """"",,1«1 IOf by tho JTIXIu<- ,uuction and demarol lot IRIMna tlllleri-
.\0 bepn to IIW"<" . Tn. vllue 01 a n
lion or metaiI. Chief """,,,OneJIII of the
1IItUJI_ wm. _.1PI<1. and !Nt"
ncoium. Other """",utiti5 imlKl<'"''' 10
<:<>mIructioon inc:nasod """" than !9'J,
oocr IlIat 0( the pre_ year.'
IIIe Stale, _ of wbich """ted impreo.
.... pins in 1989, jnclud<d berylium,
Iypsum, iron. m<liybOenum, jXIr1!aDII
cement. p/Io<pIIale. p"".th, .. Dd aDd
""..I. sa'" and oil...-. Arolfdi", to ,be Utah Dtpart",,,,,, 01

TA"'~ 1
NONFUEL MIN[IlAL PRonucnON EN UTA H '

- - ... - .-• - .-"

,., ,",
'" 'm
,.,
t • 1

'" ,.
1ll.!Ol

" ., "..
'.- ,m
'"
,,~
u~,
.~

m
11,l.l'
•
m ....
"'
no
~"
•
11",'

.
•
J,IOI

'21;000
• ,
.~

, ~
,~

11-'41
,,~

."JjO
I,m

' 1<)(10
""'II

"'~

.
• •" •

I,
I "
...,
- " """ .
,~
"~ "~
~
'W I~,I"
Em~ Security. tho S\>te~ mioina
on .~ of 1,130
indusuy employed
wodendurl", 1989. Tbisfll=>"-'
'..... 'ts. <iccr<ase of oboul S.S'Jb from
industry tmplo)oment in 1m. included
I;;'
enrpIoyceo ill Ibo fuel! 0CCIIlf.
The IlIiI1q induauy provO:d 10Ial ir>
oomo to its worten 01 S28l miUioo.
, , _ ........ poid on . momhly ....
to indil'id1IOI unploj ..., lboui 19>
r""" """'" 01. 1988 10 $2.9(15.
LEGISLATION AND
GOVERNMENT PROGRAMS

on
2O'J; over tN" ofI9S8_ This inm:as. .....
luribuled in IWt to I lutI·yur opcrItion
of AMAX M....,.rum Corp," ..". tvap-
oration ond precipitltion p<l<>I:I 'Y'ttm
oompleted in 1988. Ullhoootimltd to be
one "only three Stolel in ,,-hich the Ie-
fin«! metal ..... ~.
So .. 01 the prinuory lIlI&nOSium Io<il-
ity to the Ronco a..,.,p Inc. .... ~ .. _
in September_ Tho """rotion _ pur-
""-1 for "" wvfjorloo:M """""'t,Dd Ie-
nomed M:osnosium Coop. 01 AD.., ica
~_ Tho .... a>mpoony pIamod to
i~ annual production to M,OOO
Ihort tons in 1!/90, matina it the ,.",,"d
iarl"lt pn;><luoe:r 01 moll""ium in !be
United Stota ond the third Iarsest
prod ..... in the I .... world.
Mal) I ' ..... _K.ntI<COIt COIIIinue<!
.. the ..... pn;><luoe:r 01 mo/ybderaIm in
Utah. MoI)'bdcnitt """""troleS ....... Ie-
~ IS. ityprndLtCI 01 .......... I'f'OOuo-
lion II !be Binabam Conyon Mir>:. Tho
",!f">dc ,,"...,illrot.. wert roosted aDd
"""vertcd to molybdic oxide in !Ix """'.
pony plant .t Mqno.
MoI)'bcIonum outpIU """ almoo1 five
timel1bot 01 tho pmious yeor; p-oOOc-
lion in 1989 ..... ~.200 ""'tric toni (9.1
million poundoj, ,. Tho lncreaoo -..as d...
<hieIly to modifications 01 the moIybdo-
num cilwit in the "' ... Coppenon a;>n-
",mrotor ond to it> """rot... lor • IuD
~,
tr,,'fr. ". ,PO. _Uranium ton·
""lI,..« ~ from .,... miD«! in
Utah ICCWlIted lor 0WlWma\ely 3.. 01
domcstioOUlput in 1989. U""'''''' Mi ...·
... Corp. ""'tinuod toopero\e .. veroI "".
.... "wnd minco in Son Juan Cwnty and
to .~ IlIe ore to 1110 While Mesa Mill
It BIIndirc. abo in SoD Juan CoIonty_
About 91.000 ohon toni of ore .....
miD«! II tile loIIowinc propertieo: La Sol
Afeo mines, La SoI·1lononr;;o Mine, Rim
Mine. Section 10 Mine. ond Wikon
Mine. Some !ow·erode """tpile "'" WI>
sbiwed from lite Call""'-., Mine."
VaNldi"", - . ~ I i a ",,"OOIlCt
01 thio ore_ Dum.i the year, independenl
millm in the StI",>hlpped ' qbUy more
than 10,000 .oort toni 01 uronium'
... Nldiwn ,." to tbo mill It 8laf>liina.
Uranium was a100 r=vere<I from
Keto_Ii ........ '-Itod\:IOIutio:n II tbe
ion-n<ba .... (IXI pianl operated by ,lie
EnorJlI FueII NII<lcar Co.lIljooent to the
IIinI/tIm Conyon Mine. Th;, piant wao
pIaaIol on stanclly in Mon:ll twa· .... of
kM IlrlIIium prices. Tbe AllIS Corp. ond
b)1lrOdLtCl. In 1989, !hill pIont WIS tbo
""Iy produi:er 01 mined "",,!ldium iD tile
Nllion. VarioYo lrace "",tall. ilIcludinc
poIIodium, platinum.lnd .... nium. wefe
"""vered from .node 'limes "' tho
.. ". , refinery owD«! by kenneootlll
Mapa in SoH uu Counly, K.nneoott
-.0>one 01 only tlute domcstio produceJ5
01 .. r""", .. ienium.
W.... m Ziroonium <MIin1lCd pr0duc-
tion 01 primary :r.in:ooium _ a nd
,""",<:duct bafuium IJXl1&C from zircon
""'""""ro'''. lbe """'""tro!CO wert im·
pOr1td lrom Australia to \lie com~ny
pian, DW Olden in Webc1 County.
lodlOOlriol MJ.n1o
Ct_ _ ln 1m. tile production 01
fKIJIItnd cern.... , ........-.d ........m.1
lrom previous )'tin .. toniIruction ..,.
tivil~ rebouDClcd. OutpUl increooed .q.
nirocaolly ~ thot d 1988, Thore .....
no """"'" in tile ""!put d rna=uy
",,,,,,nl,
Lale in the)'tal", Lone Stir lndu".....
Inc . . ... o.~ a _"""uri .... pian thot
IUthoriud the .u, 01 irs.:zmom plant
ond distribution t<rmi.w in Sa/t uu
City C>oh La .. Q>unty) oDd its Iirnc:stone
qUIlT)" at anntoYille (foode County).
The pian . bo inel,,"'"! tho .,.,.,...ny"s
S(l1, inle_ in irs joint ~nllll1', ,110
Mountain (Anent Co, fornxd ... itb I
.. "m. ryol the C.n'n Coop. Tho Lone

SMw>-._Mine pmluction 01 silver in tbo Rio AI&nm Min"" o,q,. ""'tiDuod

doconlmisoionir their millI ond cord.Ict.
Stor <C1II<1It pIont, with I ,lied capocity
01 420,000 ohon tons per year, ..... idIo
the Stole i~ _ticaU~ by ll'i'; t~lthe year, rot \lie plant oi«
q ...a.m.tion -""" near Moob ond w.. opc:r;I1«I 101' a I", IS • ddtribullon
om 1988 ou!pUt, This """""'"'" rai!cd Lo Sol JWlCtion,
IJQh into founh ploc< amorlJ oil S"'tta. """,ina] 01 tile M<>UJltlin Cement Co.
Tho ........ d". J"imlril~ to b.., " 1 Tho Whi« Mesa MiU. a joint ""n'ure Em<:ti .. tho .Dd d M&rdI. Soutb·
" Um«Q> and Enoqy F'ucIo. trutod """ down Inc. relinquished its Itaoe "" I
"""'" ond Pel production oDd on .c- lrom Arizana. Colorado, a nd Utlb_ It ill
<XIIIIJl"")'irc ;, '" 01 br\ln>dIM:t oiIver. the otlly miR it !be UniIedSt.!CO!hot hao <C1II<1It piaot in
Pm"""ion 01 byproduct _ It
Loami"""" (MilIIrd
Coun1y) """"'" by Martin Mlrict'"
both ~ aDd vanadium .... , '''-jcir· o,q,. Ac:erNdOIi to ito J989 aJIlIlIIl
the Bitllham Canyon Mine ranted tbo ","II. In J989. IlIe miU procb....:l 17~3 rqxrt, Sou1hdown tllipped appro';-
mine oixth """"'I a U oil= pr<>;luc:en
pounds of uranium oxide ond ma\ely 62,OOO1lbort toni oIce_ lrom
in the <>JUnlt)'. In 1989, thio OU'PIII 3million,424 million pounds of Ylllldium oDIe. tbo pian1 ~ 1ht loc:i1il~ rtver!t<I to
.... . WOl'ima .. l~ 116.! motric ..,.. Tho 0U\jXII0I VllIIIdium mort !tan quod.
(J,1SS.000 troy ouncel" Mlnin J.-UrioItI. Tho dIy_poe, " piant
Sum ..... repoNd in it> 1989 Form rupled tlut 011981 primarily twa ... 01 hao • copocity d. 6~,000 d>ort toni per
IG-K tlut flu • .,... shippod Iron the ....... itt price <IurinJ .. rfy 1989 aDd )'elf . nd - . purclIaoed by Ash Orove
TrnE Mine """tlinod 7.2 metri::: toni twa .... tile miU WIS !be on/)' llci~ty Coment West Inc. low in 1ht year, 1bis
12J().494 troy OUIKXI 01 byproducI oil=. capahie 01 r=verin& VlllIIdium from ""'luisition inclnd<d I dislri""Ilon termi-
_ ", M=ur Mine in ToodeCounIJ, """"",,,·.. llOdium .,.... 1111 ot M"",,y in Sa/t uu Coun'~.
North Wy"o Sil_Oty tlilrlp opcrIIion 01.., M ...&._Tho MereU!" Mine A prw;y OtI\elIItJI' and prn&pOC!us
in Juab County, ond Tenneco ~ Gold- "",tinue<! 'CO<Y.'eI~ 01 byproduct ""',.. isouod Febnury 14, 19'10, by I6eaI Basic
sui .. Mine in WIlhin&ton eou"" obo c:ury. B~ ¥inut 01 llli< prooJuction. U",h Industrieo Inc. ~ that the com-
oontinue<! to I'"":h",,, byproduct oilvel"_ _ one of 0Illy I few prOOuccnd. quidl- JUr' """"nt plant 11 DIMl' Slide in
In...,.,,1 )'tin. the &colan« Min< in lilver in tile United StileS durint 1989, Morpn County Iud an Inno.W ,..Itd
Imn CoIonty hao been Ullh. OII!y J"i. U"'~ it _""-'duri",!be)'tll, the copocity 01350.000"" 1<IIS. Tho wet-
morysiiver prod ..... At the end d 19118, EnuJy Futk IX Idty in SolI Lote proocoo pian~ built in 1948. 01"",,1«1 It
b<Jwevtr. tbc mine _dooed bect, ... the County """""'"" ocandium ,,"1IIIIIium !U~ of capoe;ty durl", 19119.

tIJ ... "'"EIIAU n ...I00(-'''' ."

 UTAH
"'.END
State _0(\01)'
- -- Count)' bouMMy

. '"
o CapO.,
ew. _ _ nol
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MINEl'IAL SYMBOlS

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Gold.".... rtfin...,.
Boryhlm

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h 80rylium ""'"
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Urarium-Vo"",",m
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( - , Cone_.1ion
" 01

-~ -.. -'"' ' ' .

Principal Mineral.Producing LocaUties
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 Orp._DuriIllIheye;u.clayprod...,. other pn>di>cer or time _ Material> from shallow.
tim in Utah inc,,-"'" ,Ii&/Illy in q""'" E",,'IY R..an:h and R='"Y Inc..
tity and value. 'The increue """,rnd which uocd QUdIimo .... ""w alizer in
pnnarily bea",", or. 10"" .... in the tbc oompony..,.,..,.d IlndfiU in Tooele 1 5';;;;~
prndllClion or bentonite whOch. ;" 1989, County ond II>Id _-burned dolomitic
was .>,650 metric toni (50.320 ,bon lim< (Q GenovJ SteeL
tom) 01 approlimo!Cly S3'l> _ than r~~~~~
that d \lit pre.w)'Oat. ::
Tho lwo II",", ","y produoers in tbe
S.......... 1mtntI1e BnclCo.lnd lnLe:/-
pace CoIJ>., both or _ blend«l cJoyo
from nllllltroUS Qtl&rria 10 manufactlln!
brick. B<ntonite ...... prnd....t by II><
Redmond Cloy . nd Soh Co. ond by tho
Weslem Clay Co. Fu.....•• oank "'1"'>"
duocd by Western Ooy "' ito mine near
Aunn in SevierCounI)'. An apnic-riclI
sbalc, _ iI •• pando:d and Ui!C<I ...
Ii&hIweialll a;crepte. wu miDed by !be
UcctiLt Corp. in WCSIern Summit Cooney.
G,nort" _Moot IY\lIIUIIl mined in 1b:
State was from .. vera! open pil mines
r>OIIlIuBt or Sipa<I in Serier County,
While tbe prndllCliao of crude _
rqjsltrod . ..
8OJ,over
"d..,,,. ir.:reaM
that d. 1988, OIItpul
or
&boot
or_
Insum. uocd rrimarilr hi .....1IIx>ard,
docIinod~ in 19811. Durin& the)'OU,
<be "..,.. prU or crude JYIliUIIl ....
mained S/Udy" about 51.30 po:r ohon
tal. bullbo a_1"'i<e of cak:inod lI'»
JIll!) dlow«l from 1988 prica to 511-12
pe' ohon lOll.
The lwo principal producers in the
Sisurd ..... were GeorPo·l'acir", eor,.
and !he Uniled sw.. Gypwm Co. 011....
producers included T. J, Ped and Sons.
which mined IYPSUlD .....r N<JI/Ii Iluab
Countyf for export to. "",etl! piaol in
kIaho. . 1111 Stardatd Gypsum Producu,
1I'b"'" mined IYPOUm in Wasl\inJlon
County forelfXJl1 .. OIl q:ricukural sup-
plement. Some prodl>Cliao was ooId by
0Ibtr suppiien
in lilt State.
to""""" plantsapentinl;
u...--O.npuld .... i;L1 taboo!
2'" """'" tho, of 1988. Moot of lilt
""",,, .. , ciaI production - . pJQVidod by
o..m<I.ror lno. in Tooe" County .w:J
Continental Limo Jr-.:. in MillardCoumy.
BOIlt of Iheso: """ponies hove Iat.. \oW
domestic capacity and. in 1989. we!<
_ 1l>< top I 0 prookoo::m of lime in II><
Nl tion. In Utah. moo, or Cbetmtar'.
dolomitic lime - . hydntted I nd O£ed m
"""'!ruction applications. COJUinonta!".
bis/t..:olo:ium limo - . . - i for • vari<cy The Reilly W.. odo . .. plant, ",,!led by
d piI"~ ~ ""IIOYI I of sulfur 11>< Reil!y Tar a nd CloernDls Cnp. It 1l><
dioxido f""" nole>tad ..... i!Id c0n- west end of 1l>< IIonn<riDe SOU H ot.
trol of pH in ",io ..."al PM .... The only produced po"",,;wn chIorioIe by lOla.
 Oti., louiostrW M .... NI.<._Two
""".-nicI ..."in.... productjoII ot tho
b)'<iroc:arbon a.pbaIlite lrom under·
JI"OUnd minco in Uintah Counly. A tbird
"""pally io tho ateI. Le.<XI Inc.. bopn
ointin& I mine ihafl in preparation lor
ospboJtite production in]990. Tho com·
modity _ IIIII"k<Ud • .., oddilivc lor
fouDdry sand. prin~", ink .. driUi,.
mudo, and • •• riety ot OIlIer ronfuel
application!..
AMAX Mqneoium , ...... .U<>d chlo-
rino • • byprorl...,. ., its Rowley fociJ.
ity. In 1989, Utah', nalouo! ............
;nduitry Il"" in •• Iot .., impre!l<i'.
18'110.,.... that ofth< ~,.,ar. Sc:mt
principal!!"", ..""'" mioo<l io tho S.. ,.
wei<' apte, aQown&rin<, and btoyl.

TM'U; I
UTAH: CRUSHED STomt SOLD OR USED
BY PRODUCERS IN ]919, BY USE
~ _ _ ... o· " _

,~ ,

UTAlt' CRUSHED STONE SOLD OR USED

BY PROOUClJlS IN 1m, BY USE AND DlSTI.lCT
(Thoooond '""" _ ... . - . . . _

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PRINCIP:\L PRDDUCUS

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 THE MINERAL INDUS'IRY OF UTAH
"zn.- u............. u.s. .......u 01 Miaos, u.s.
'"'" " ' P\II' .... _
Do; ,
po : r l ......... Moo",
' II tIIo lahrior,'" tbo UtaIo Cd .10;0' .... ~Ij
of
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b«w tho
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By Michael N. Greeley' and Robert W. Gloynl

ponloa<I '5 '. ph< 51 t ot· , potub • ....:I lIIOlyw........ A_, il>dIIttri&I
ptO<tuotioo oI..tuo1 . 'nU;" 19110. mil pnoI, -..I -.lL mj . . . . . , . [ , p<>CMb .., oolI .... oed

Tho IOUInhoo oIOUfpU1 . . . . . . ...... oipi6oul ...... ill __ w h . Tho

Hl ........ oIlbo .... ' ,.... .. po'" 'r '" __ 01 _ _
_ _ Sl.l hiD;" TIIio • • Hi" • _ _ tall;. . i • • nl., ioKldi'l
_to,t .. _io._~Io" 0' h ... ' .... _ I0Il dIoriaJ
....... . :_', ;,' ''1ol'''''''''·:"m """'-P 1M -;"." i,.... h) 01 t1IoII 1990 or _ oi.u. to tIuo of doo
M..... 5 .. ...... bOliDlel, .... ............ "" 10 _
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fout.ftllhl 01 "'" ......... vol .... ....:... lOCal vu... 01111 miauoI 0UIpuI..- oaIy
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NCImJEL MINERAL PROOOCflON IN lTI'.ut'

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EXPl.ORATlON AcnvmES
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REGUlATORY ISSUES

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I F-I"I ATION AND
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GOVIRN.\UM" PROGRAMS ..... • .
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(7"'.91~ ""1 '" u). _ ... of ""'y _ "'" , .,& prodl>:<n prico of _'Mile.

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Produoc1ioD from tho FOCI'· ... do,
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Iially """'iIIuooIo oiaco , , _
of ref_ .a.m,... Tho two Iarp day p"""","" in tho
W ..,.,. Zi«oaium ",,",icued _ ....... IatotstaIe IIrio:l Co. ood
ElIpIontio!:! ODd DewJ',"'kfti Corp.
.....""'" poi,. a! tbo l!ioIori.c o.i~;" IoU
""",,"'i,.. of primary zircoojWII """"'" In"', M Cotp.. bot!! of "'hich blsdod
day. from _ _ -'* '"
""" cop<o<II!Ct baliUWII _ e from
1911. Durin. tho foJIowinJ: _ . zin:oo ""1'"'"1''''"''.
Tho ""1'"'"1_ _ brid. _ ; , . .....
~ ODd IIocl.o "lillccl "'l"'O'i_1 _ i"""""",, hom AlIOttOIio 10 ft!o prod\Io«I by tbo Rod!lV!!ld Cloy ODd SoU
) mmi"" _ " - of oro ODd ...,.,.....t eompoa1 pIO!!I ...., o,.ton. ;" Weber Co. ODd by Iho w...... Orr 0:...
Pull ...•• oattb ..... prooJ!>«<I by W_

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_ ) of , il_ODd, minor~!)' of

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GItotIlO._UIOI! !Ukod ill tbo IOpl!olf of

Or, 01 ilo mine ...... , ..."'''' i.n
CouaIy. AD ""aaio:..icb. oIWo. _
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ODd
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S..... in ...ru.cl! vaowli ......... =inod. .1I ... _~S"""in1WO . Tho Cotp. i.n weoton! S"romi, Couaty.
O\>Ipul ill 1990 ..... _ oIilbUy hom C!I.IIpIII of port'-l _ _ """ oIiJb!I1
\he pt<Viouo ,....... dutiIIJ tho,....... bUI tboto ..... no aw.,. ~._MoA IYJ'R"" miaod i.n tho
Tho Whit. 101... MiIla! 8I<0>0:I;''': (San ill 1ho productioa of ....·"1 """""'. S.... wu from ...."" .,,- pi. """'"
J..... Couniy) • • join< """""" of u"""", AlrJu.,p tbo ........ p.ico of portIood _ of Si,....., i.n .sev;.. eouoc,.
Mi.....t, Corp. ODd EII"'I}' flIOIo NlIClar _ , _'izwl fairly _yo tho po<» Corcp~ wilb Iho fnViouo 1....-. tho
Co.. """Iio""" !O ..... ..... _ of IIlUOIU)' .......-, dropped ·1 ..... 10 " prodllction. of CJUdo .yp<WlI ODd coldzwl
Ari..",.. Colotodo. ood Ulah. 11;' 1l!o from 1919 Jev.Ir. JYP<Um ....... i·N' _ 1 i.n lWO. Tho
""Iy mill ill tho Uaitod _ thai "'" I'Irato _ _ _ 01 o..i1', Sli<\o ,v_ prlc. of bod! ",,",modi,i..
bod! utaDium ODd vanadi.... '0' ' '', ill Morpo CouDty IBII a! , " mi"""" io d"'W.:d sbuply. bowowt. Ctudo
dfCl!iu. Tho......,.j _ity of tho mill Millard County. Dutial tbo yeor, l<leal vpwm pno... IeII _ )U to s..~
'" ~ _ ... inm ponto • • (V,o,) ;. _ iaduobieo r..... """"" of tbo per obon _ . ODd ~ JYP<II .... """"
about 6.800 -no: _ (7.soo ""'" Devil'. Slide po."...., ...... 1II<tJ«I inIo primarily ill woIlboud. fooll """" _
10M). """ of II>< w,.... eopod'''' in ... )loI •• m lac. HoI·· m. tbo w,.... 11" to $14.13 per ..,U ....
N.... "". Vonadi_ i, olleo • ..,.,,,,01,",, pt<><Jucer of ~, in Iho Uailed S...... Tho two prio<:ipool p""""-' in !bo
witb utaDium in tbo 0f0! mined ;" .... ilu!ito<' g'bojd ,oty of 'lIol~ ' Si",,,, ""'" "'Crt! GootJi ..l'aoific Corp.
eo_ ..... UIOI!. !'in.,.,.... GIrJi, Ud. or SwiIleoiIlUl. ODd tho Uai!ed S..... O)1>AllD Co. O<bu
Utc. in tho,....... U _ ............J. Tho coq>OUIy' , pi"" ill UIOI! 1w .. prod",., i.nIboS .... iQ<Iudo<IT.J._
Ita"""...,. oil"""""" of tbo miU .. _ _ ily of lW.ooo obon too.!!.
B'-linl ,.. "'- of Low ... rtet pnc. ~., to Ho!nom', 1m oanuol
ODd Sam. whicl! miaod IJpoum ......
Nephi (fuab County) for ""pori \0 ,
for uranium oed .....wum. report. 1ho-1''''''' plant opemed a! cemoaI pion!: i.n Idaho. oa<I Stoadord
fidJ copod'y duriq!b. yeor, 0 _ """"""'. wbicl! miaod IJlIOUZ'I
0tItu _ _ In <&tty 1m. Hoda Tho dl)"1lroooM pl_ a! , " mi"""" i.n W.... in...,.. eoun., for ""pori . . . .
be"", to ........01 p,o , pIIium-- 1w .. """"" _i,y of 00.000 obon 'Iri<ultufOl oupplollKlll. Some
~m_ Of< a!;'" Ap<l MiH __ Aoh 0""", Cem,", W. . ""'. prod'"""'" ..... ooId by _ mppIieto \0
in waohiIIJlO!! CoU!uy. In AU"", op.tIl'" !hi, plOlll tot i.. firOl MI yar of ....-1 planlr .",...w., ill tbt sw..
""-",,. Iho company p'll"~d", -mip i.n 1990.
prt>d<octioa \00<'''" o f _ prieM for tbo A 1IIi'" ""m"U plan' \no' 1ed io SoU Uoot.-OuIput or1imo decreuod about
principal pro<Nctr pmanillDl ODd lAo City (Sal, lAo County) _ idle 5" from !hat of 198~. MOlt of !bo
plli"nL AI yeoreod. H<clr """""" • !btwaI>out tho 1_.
IOdoYelop"""",,1iu flo'" I. copod., of 420.000 ""'" 10M "'" yeor.
Thio pIIBt 1w • I ":::,".-iol p",.".,tioa _ pnwided by
_ ('be n"" bIo. i.n Tooelt CoI1OC1 ...s
for P'" 'Irin,. I:I! 1990. it ODd _ . - . _ ooId for Coruin.,,,01 Limo lac. i.n Mill"" Couniy.
Tho Mercou Mine """tinuod ,...........-, $16.S2I,OOOby U-S . . iadustrioo bIo., Botl! of _ <ompon;" ban ""0 I<>toI

_ ""pl..
of byprod'"" "'"""'l'. B, vi""" of Ibis wbicl!lilodla1Oiolhoyarforp«>tec!o<>o
p<Odu;!ioo. Utol! ..... .,... of only • ,....
ptodog ' M of qui<:biJ ..... in tho UDitod ~ Cod<..
II of tbo Fodetol
do" ic copodly IBII. ill 1!19O......
. ...... tbo top 10 """'''''"'' or limo in
Iho N,,;"'" In UIOI!. _ of ""' .........
_ durin. 1990. doIOJIIi'i. limo _ hydrated ODd _ ill
Various ItoI¥ ,Is. iDcludiq: ~_Duriq Iho yeor. tho Io!ial d.y <O<ISInI<tioo! ,pp1icotioa,. C-;_""',
palladl .... plotilll>1!l, ...... ooIoai-. __ ~ ;" UIOI! mc..-.:1 i.n quonti'y hil lH:oloium ~ ........ """" to< • """"'y
~ from _ oIi .... a! Iho IBII voluo. Tho ma- io toIal vol.. of J>!UP<*O, iocludin, removal of mlfIlI
_ mm.ry """"'" by Krn uU" dioxldo from ......... k _ IBII

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.... , .. 00."'" ... _ , ,-.: ...... _

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"""" onincd OIl • r1fUlu 0< inrcnni"""

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am-

printiq iob, drillio, mzads,.wI. voriaty

of OIlIer iICIofud ~i-' Woo
ill

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duriPIJ rbo y..r. n. Americaaa Gi'..,;"
Co. ""'" plootd OIl ale .. .mdy..r b)' Us
~ firm, rbo a..vn.. Coop.
U,"", . - EliDIh icc tbo Natiao io ....
••1<50 of pm"'" p",-"" io 1!I9O. A.
reIaaivcly Wp Yorioi)' of"", EI>IIeriaIo
WU _ ill rbo Stale: FOCCCO of rbo _
_ ,I" maIeri&Io iDcIaadcd l><z}I.
ohim, •• ropu. aod vorioQte.
Chlorioo ..... ,~oaod ... byproducl
of rbo "'"$ 'um pJnnr _ _ by
M'P"PorRowIoy,
Sl""b"ic I~te ..... ptOdo ..... for
... ill ,_iPo maIerioI. zIeveIopod ood
EDFIWfacru:od by ~ Izac. 01 iu pinal
_ SaIl LaI<o City (Sal1 LaI<o C-Uy~
M io prill< ,....., po<liPo WU lhippod
in from OIl! of tho StaielO boo ""..,..... or
• pIaot .,.,....,.,! by rbo Pu Co. ill Sal,
LaI<o Co\Eaaty.
A relatively - ' I " U f col of ouIfor
..... _end .. tho P«rokum ~
.,.,.,.... by 0""'011 Oil Co. io Sal1 uu
Couoty. M. byprodlECl of "'IizI&:
""""" oro, K "', prod ...... ouIfiz..,
acid .. i.. Mnpa r.:.lity, AI!Izou&b .cid
produdiOlldoolined _ 161' dutizz, ....
y..r, iu val .. ..,.. OJIPZOIima!<ly 51
avw rhol of 1939.
10_,...:· """""''" lIce. _Iicauod
10 I"'achaoo caude ,...--kdite from __
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-.
ofo5_ """'"'" ODd folioaed
venaaicWi.. .. iu pIaoI ill SnIt Lal:.o
 ,~,

UT ",11, CON$'T1lUC"nON So\ND AND GIlA VEL SOLD OR llSED IN 1JM, BY MAJOR USE CATEGORY

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PIlINCIPAL PRODtJCF!t s

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 THE MINERAL INDUSTRY OF UTAH
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By RodDey E. Jeske' and Robert W. G loynJ

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 THE MINERAL INDUSTRY OF UTAH
This chapter has been prepared under a Memorandum of Understanding between the U.S. Bureau of Mines, U.S.
Department of the Interior, and the Utah Geological Survey for collecting information on all nonfuel minerals.

In 1994, for the third year in a row, Utah ranked
seventh nationally in total nonfuel mineral value,1
according to the U.S. Bureau of Mines. The estimated
value for 1994 exceeded $1.4 billion, an increase of about
9% compared with that of 1993. This followed a more
than 2% decrease in 1993 from that of 1992. The State
accounted for more than 4% of the U.S. total. Metals
accounted for almost four-fifths of Utah's nonfuel mineral
value, copper representing more than 60% of the total
value of metals. The largest cause for the increase in
mineral value in Utah in 1994 was higher prices and
increased production and sales of copper. In estimated
mineral production for 1994, Utah rose from fourth to
second in potash, while the State remained second in
copper; third in gold, molybdenum, and iron ore; fourth in
magnesium compounds and phosphate rock; and sixth in
salt. Utah ranked third among the three major magnesium
metal producing States, was one of the top seven silver
producing States, and was the only State to produce
beryllium. Grade A helium was added to Utah's production
in 1994. Compared with 1993, the value of copper, gold,
magnesium metal, construction sand and gravel,
TABLE 1
NONFUEL RAW MINERAL PRODUCTION IN UTAH1
molybdenum, crushed stone, lime, phosphate rock,
magnesium compounds, iron ore, common clays, grade A
helium, gemstones, gypsum, masonry cement, and
beryllium increased. The value of portland cement, potash,
salt, and silver decreased.
Mineral exploration in the State slowed significantly in
1994, according to the Utah Geological Survey. Only 33
notices of intent to explore had been filed by mid-
November, compared with 54 for all of 1993. Exploration
was predominantly for precious metals, although interest in
porphyry- and skarn-type copper deposits increased. Chief
Consolidated Mining Co. entered into a joint-venture
agreement with Akiko Gold Resources Ltd. to explore
Chief's properties in the Tintic mining district.
Underground drilling and drifting (small-diameter
tunneling) was scheduled for the Burgin lead-zinc-silver
mine to confirm existing reserves of about 935,000 metric
tons, according to the company, and to explore for
additional reserves. Summo Minerals Corp. was
evaluating its Lisbon Valley copper property in San Juan
County. The company obtained permits for 120 drill holes
and was expected to complete a feasibility study in 1995

1992 1993 1994p

Mineral Value Value Value
Quantity Quantity Quantity
(thousands) (thousands) (thousands)
Beryllium concentrates metric tons 4,826 $5 4,939 $5 5,000 $6
Clays2 thousand metric tons 243 2,714 216 3,129 300 3,270
Gemstones NA 634 NA 1,156 NA 1,920
Potash thousand metric tons W W 210 49,690 W W
Salt do. 1,367 44,498 2,251 46,759 2,630 35,000
e e
Sand and gravel (construction) do. 16,037 54,819 16,000 56,000 18,000 65,700
Silver3 metric tons W W 135 18,703 W W
e e e e
Stone (crushed) thousand metric tons 4,808 22,400 4,555 29,400 5,400 36,200
Combined value of cement, clays [bentonite,
fuller's earth (1992-93)], copper, gold,4
gypsum (crude), helium [Grade-A, (1994)],
iron ore (usable), lime, magnesium
compounds, magnesium metal, mercury,
molybdenum, phosphate rock, sodium
sulfate [natural (1992-93)], stone
[dimension (1993-94)], and values indicated
r
by symbol W XX 1,221,160 XX 1,108,695 XX 1,290,000
r 4
Total XX 1,346,230 XX 1,313,537 XX 1,430,000
e
Estimated. pPreliminary. rRevised. NA Not available. W Withheld to avoid disclosing company proprietary data; value included with "Combined value" data.
XX Not applicable.
1
Production as measured by mine shipments, sales, or marketable production (including consumption by producers).
2
Excludes certain clays; kind and value included with "Combined value" data.
3
Recoverable content of ores, etc.
4
Data do not add to total shown because of independent rounding.

235
for an open-pit, heap-leach operation. Kennecott Utah
Copper Corp. awarded a contract to Morrison Knudsen
Corp. for engineering and management services for a
tailings-impoundment project. Tailings storage will be
increased by nearly 70% when the $500 million project is
completed in 1998. Energy Fuels Nuclear Inc. (EFN)
acquired the uranium-vanadium mining and milling
properties of Umetco Minerals Corp. in southwestern
Colorado and in southeastern Utah, including the White
Mesa mill near Blanding. EFN also announced plans to
reactivate the White Mesa mill in 1995. USMX Inc.,
citing both environmental and financial considerations as
reasons, announced the closure of its Goldstrike gold mine
in Washington County. Mining ceased in 1994, although
leaching of the dumps was expected to continue into 1995.
1
The term value means the total monetary value as represented by either
mine shipments, mineral commodity sales, or marketable production as is
applicable to the individual mineral commodities.

TABLE 2
UTAH: CRUSHED STONE1 SOLD OR USED BY PRODUCERS IN 1993, BY USE

Quantity
Value Unit
Use (thousand
(thousands) value
metric tons)
Coarse aggregate (+1 1/2 inch):
Riprap and jetty stone 21 $175 $8.33
Fine aggregate (-3/8 inch):
Coarse and fine aggregates:
Graded road base or subbase 223 689 3.09
Unpaved road surfacing W W 4.61
Crusher run or fill or waste W W 1.65
Other construction materials2 1,018 3,252 3.19
Agricultural:
Agricultural limestone (3) (3) 22.04
Poultry grit and mineral food 3 78 26.00
Chemical and metallurgical:
Cement manufacture (3) (3) 4.95
3
Lime manufacture () (3) 14.81
Flux stone 133 739 5.56
Special:
Mine dusting or acid water treatment (3) (3) 4.31
Other specified uses not listed 2,959 23,400 7.91
Unspecified:4
Actual 198 1,066 5.38
Total5 4,555 29,400 6.45
Total6 7 5,021 29,400 5.86
W Withheld to avoid disclosing company proprietary data; included with "Other construction materials."
1
Includes dolomite, limestone, sandstone, and volcanic cinder and scoria.
2
Includes concrete aggregate (coarse), bituminous aggregate (coarse), bituminous surface-treatment aggregate, stone sand (bituminous mix or seal), and
screening (undesignated).
3
Withheld to avoid disclosing company proprietary data; included with "Other specified uses not listed."
4
Includes production reported without a breakdown by use and estimates for nonrespondents.
5
Data may not add to totals shown because of independent rounding.
6
One short ton is equal to 907 kilograms or 2,000 pounds. To convert metric tons to short tons, divide metric tons by 0.907185.
7
Total shown in thousand short tons and thousand dollars.

236
 TABLE 3
UTAH: CRUSHED STONE SOLD OR USED, BY KIND

1991 1993
Kind Number Quantity Number Quantity
Value Unit Value Unit
of (thousand of (thousand
(thousands) value (thousands) value
quarries metric tons) quarries metric tons)
r
Limestone 28 2,712 $12,590 $4.64 17 3,187 24,103 7.56
Dolomite 2 W W 3.88 2 W W 3.65
Sandstone 4 W W 4.65 4 W W 5.15
r
Volcanic cinder and scoria 6 29 385 13.27 4 13 105 8.07
Total1 XX 4,037 18,259 4.52 XX 4,555 29,400 6.45
Total2 3 XX 4,450 18,259 4.10 XX 5,021 29,400 5.86
r
Revised. W Withheld to avoid disclosing company proprietary data; included with "Total." XX Not applicable.
1
Data may not add to totals shown because of independent rounding.
2
One short ton is equal to 907 kilograms or 2,000 pounds. To convert metric tons to short tons, divide metric tons by 0.907185.
3
Total shown in thousand short tons and thousand dollars.

TABLE 4
UTAH: CRUSHED STONE SOLD OR USED BY PRODUCERS IN 1993, BY USE AND DISTRICT
(Thousand metric tons and thousand dollars)

District 1 District 2 District 3

Use
Quantity Value Quantity Value Quantity Value
Construction aggregates:
Coarse aggregate (+1 1/2 inch)1 — — W W (2) (2)
Coarse aggregate, graded3 — — W W — —
Fine aggregate (-3/8 inch)4 — — W W — —
Coarse and fine aggregate5 (2) (2) W W —
Other construction materials — — 1,242 3,998 — —
Agricultural 6 — — (2) (2) — —
Chemical and metallurgical 7 1,721 (2) 632 (2) — —
8 2 2 2
Special () () () (2) — —
9
Unspecified:
Actual 180 972 (2) (2) (2) (2)
Estimated — — — — — —
Total10 2,622 22,067 1,915 7,215 18 118
Total11 12 2,890 22,067 2,111 7,215 20 118
W Withheld to avoid disclosing company proprietary data; included with "Other construction materials."
1
Includes riprap and jetty stone.
2
Withheld to avoid disclosing company proprietary data; included with "Total."
3
Includes concrete aggregate (coarse), bituminous aggregate (coarse), and bituminous surface-treatment aggregate.
4
Includes stone sand (bituminous mix or seal) and screening (undesignated).
5
Includes graded road base or subbase, unpaved road surfacing, and crusher run (select material or fill).
6
Includes agricultural limestone and poultry grit and mineral food.
7
Includes cement manufacture, flux stone, and lime manufacture.
8
Includes mine dusting or acid water treatment.
9
Includes production reported without a breakdown by use and estimates for nonrespondents.
10
Data may not add to totals shown because of independent rounding.
11
One short ton is equal to 907 kilograms or 2,000 pounds. To convert metric tons to short tons, divide metric tons by 0.907185.
12
Total shown in thousand short tons and thousand dollars.

237
 THE MINERAL INDUSTRY OF UTAH
This chapter has been prepared under a Memorandum of Understanding between the U.S. Bureau of Mines, U.S.
Department of the Interior, and the Utah Geological Survey for collecting information on all nonfuel minerals.

In 1995, Utah ranked fourth nationally in total nonfuel
mineral production value,1 according to the U.S. Geological
Survey (USGS). The State has climbed in rank during the
past several years, having been seventh in 1992-93 and
sixth in 1994. The estimated value for 1995 exceeded $1.8
billion, an increase of almost 21% compared with that of
1994. This followed a 16% increase from 1993 to 1994
(based on final 1994 data). The State accounted for nearly
5% of the U.S. total nonfuel mineral production value.
Metals accounted for about four-fifths of Utah's mineral
value, copper being about 65% of the State's entire metal
value. Increases in Utah's mineral value in 1992 and 1994-
95 were mostly caused by higher prices and increased
production and sales of copper. In 1993, copper had a
similar degree of impact, but as a decrease. Compared with
1994, the values of the following mineral commodities
increased in 1995: copper, magnesium metal, molybdenum,
salt, potash, silver, phosphate rock, magnesium
compounds, iron ore, common clays, grade-A helium,
gypsum (crude), gemstones, industrial sand and gravel,
masonry cement, and beryllium concentrates. The value of
the following decreased: gold, portland cement,
construction sand and gravel, lime, crushed stone, and
bentonite clays.
Based on USGS estimates of the quantities of minerals
produced in the United States during 1995, Utah remained
second in copper; second of four potash-producing States;
third in gold, magnesium metal, molybdenum, and mercury;
fourth in silver, phosphate rock, magnesium compounds,
and iron ore; and sixth in salt. Utah climbed from 10th to
8th in gemstone production (based on value), remained the
only State to produce beryllium ore, and was one of five
States that produced grade-A helium. Utah mines and
manufacturing plants produced substantial quantities of
portland cement, construction sand and gravel, lime, and
dimension stone. Additionally, industrial sand and gravel
mining was resumed in 1995, and raw steel production
continued in the State.
The remainder of this narrative was derived from
information provided by the Utah Geological Survey.
Mineral exploration in the State slowed significantly in
1995 for the second consecutive year. Mining companies

TABLE 1
NONFUEL RAW MINERAL PRODUCTION IN UTAH1 2

1993 1994 1995p

Mineral Value Value Value
Quantity Quantity Quantity
(thousands) (thousands) (thousands)
Beryllium concentrates metric tons 4,940 $5 4,330 $5 5,630 $6
Clays3 thousand metric tons 216 3,130 243 3,410 348 3,850
Gemstones NA 1,160 NA 620 NA 826
r r
Potash (K2O) thousand metric tons 182 48,400 W W W W
Salt do. 2,250 46,800 1,680 56,700 2,400 83,400
Sand and gravel:
e e
Construction do. 16,000 56,000 21,100 69,600 18,000 61,200
Industrial metric tons — — — — 90,700 800
Silver4 do. 135 18,700 W W W W
Stone (crushed) thousand metric tons 4,560 29,400 4,540 19,800 4,300 19,000
Combined value of cement, clays [bentonite,
fuller's earth (1993)], copper, gold, gypsum
(crude), helium (Grade-A), iron ore (usable),
lime, magnesium compounds, magnesium metal,
mercury, molybdenum, phosphate rock, sodium
sulfate (natural), stone [dimension (1993, 1995),
dimension quartzite and sandstone (1994)], and
values indicated by symbol W XX 1,110,000 XX 1,370,000 XX 1,670,000
Total XX 1,310,000 XX 1,520,000 XX 1,840,000
e
Estimated. pPreliminary. rRevised. NA Not available. W Withheld to avoid disclosing company proprietary data; value included with "Combined value" data.
XX Not applicable.
1
Production as measured by mine shipments, sales, or marketable production (including consumption by producers).
2
Data are rounded to three significant digits; may not add to totals shown.
3
Excludes certain clays; kind and value included with "Combined value" data.
4
Recoverable content of ores, etc.

1
filed 22 Notices of Intent (NOI) to explore during 1995;
this compared with 36 for 1994 and 54 for 1993, a more
typical year. In 1995, nearly 30% of the NOI's were for
industrial rock and minerals, the remainder being mostly
for precious metals. Precious metal exploration projects
were mostly in Beaver, Tooele, and Box Elder Counties.
Kennecott Utah Copper Corp. completed its $880
million smelter-refinery expansion and modernization
project at its Bingham Canyon operation. The new smelter
utilizes state-of-the-art flash-smelting and flash-converting
techniques. At capacity, Kennecott expects to be able to
process nearly 1 million metric tons2 (1.1 million short
tons) of concentrate per year. This is about a 70% increase
from previous capacity, making Kennecott self-sufficient
for smelting/refining capacity. Kennecott had been
exporting large quantities of copper concentrate. The new
refinery will increase annual output from 200,000 to
280,000 tons (220,000 to 310,000 short tons) of cathode
copper and will lower unit cash costs for refining by an
estimated 35%. Additionally, Kennecott claimed the new
smelter to be the cleanest in the world, recovering 99.9%
of all sulfur dioxide emissions. Kennecott also continued
with permitting activities on its $510 million program to
expand a tailing pond by 1,400 hectares (3,500 acres) at
the Bingham Canyon Mine. As part of the program, the
company said it would build a 1,000 hectare (2,500 acre)
wildlife preserve to replace affected wetlands. Completion
of the tailings pond expansion project was expected by
1997.
In August, Energy Fuels Nuclear Inc. resumed uranium
processing activities at its White Mesa mill south of
Blanding, San Juan County. The initial milling campaign
was scheduled to last about 5 months (August 1995 to
January 1996) and was expected to produce about 900 tons
(2 million pounds) of U3O8 from roughly 180,000 tons
(200,000 short tons) of stockpiled ore. The White Mesa
mill is the newest (and only) operating uranium mill in the
United States.
Summo Minerals Corp. announced plans to develop its
Lisbon Valley open pit copper mine and heap-leach
operation in San Juan County, about 57 kilometers (35
miles) southeast of Moab. Summo will mine 11,000 tons
of ore per day (12,000 short tons) from three separate pits.
Copper leachate from the heap-leach pad will be processed
in a 13,000 liter-per-minute (3,000-gallon-per-minute)
2
solvent extraction electrowinning plant. Minable reserves
were reported by the company to be more than 38.6 million
tons (42.6 million short tons) at a grade of 0.44% copper.
At full capacity, the mine and plant was expected to
produce 15,400 tons (34 million pounds) of electrowon
cathode copper per year. Mine production was scheduled
to begin in April 1997 with initial cathode production
scheduled for July.
A joint venture between Chief Consolidated Mining
Co. (the operator) and Akiko Gold Resources Ltd.
continued exploration at the Burgin lead-zinc-silver mine
in the East Tintic District. Revised reserve estimates were
being calculated based on underground drilling and
sampling. The partners expected total reserves to approach
the 1.8 million tons (2 million short tons) needed to begin
development. In addition to the lead-zinc-silver ore, a
gold-rich zone was discovered that may contain as much as
3,110 kilograms (100,000 troy ounces) of gold. A mine
plan was developed and completion of a feasibility study
was expected during 1996. A comprehensive feasibility
study was necessary because, if reopened, the Burgin Mine
will need extensive redevelopment, including a new mine
shaft, to make it an economic and efficient modern mining
operation.
Centurion Mines Corp. announced a copper-
molybdenum discovery at the O.K. Mine northwest of
Milford. The company reported calculated ore reserves to
be about 1.8 million tons (2 million short tons) at a grade
of 0.625% copper and an additional 1.8 million tons at
0.40% copper; the deposit overall contained a grade of
about 0.023% molybdenum. Surface trenching and drilling
revealed additional copper-molybdenum mineralization
significantly beyond the limits of the calculated ore
reserves.
1
The terminologies "nonfuel mineral production" and related "values" encompass
variations in meaning, depending on the minerals or mineral products. Production
may be measured by mine shipments, mineral commodity sales, or marketable
production (including consumption by producers) as is applicable to the individual
mineral commodity.
All 1995 USGS mineral production data published in this chapter are estimated as
of Dec. 1995. Estimates for some commodities, e.g., construction sand and gravel,
crushed stone, and portland cement, are periodically updated. To obtain the most
recent information please contact the appropriate USGS mineral commodity specialist.
Call MINES FaxBack at (703) 648-4999 from your fax machine and request
Document No. 1000 for a telephone listing of all mineral commodity specialists or call
USGS information at (703) 648-4000 for the specialist's name and number.
2
All tons are metric tons unless otherwise specified.
 TABLE 2
UTAH: CRUSHED STONE1 SOLD OR USED BY PRODUCERS IN 1994, BY USE2

Quantity
Value Unit
Use (thousand
(thousands) value
metric tons)
Coarse aggregate (+1 1/2 inch): Riprap and jetty stone W W $5.61
Coarse aggregate, graded: Bituminous aggregate, coarse W W 3.31
Fine aggregate (-3/8 inch):
Stone sand, bituminous mix or seal W W 3.31
Screening, undesignated 7 $34 4.86
Coarse and fine aggregates:
Graded road base or subbase 509 1,670 3.28
Unpaved road surfacing 37 183 4.95
Crusher run or fill or waste W W 1.10
Other construction materials 1,710 3,220 1.88
Agricultural: Poultry grit and mineral food (3) (3) 27.60
Chemical and metallurgical:
Cement manufacture (3) (3) 4.66
Lime manufacture (3) (3) 10.10
Flux stone (3) (3) 6.37
4
Unspecified: Estimated 24 127 5.29
Total 4,540 19,800 4.36
W Withheld to avoid disclosing company proprietary data; included with "Other construction materials."
1
Includes dolomite, limestone, limestone-dolomite, sandstone and quartzite, and volcanic cinder and scoria.
2
Data are rounded to three significant digits; may not add to totals shown.
3
Withheld to avoid disclosing company proprietary data; included in "Total."
4
Includes production reported without a breakdown by end use and estimates for nonrespondents.

TABLE 3
UTAH: CRUSHED STONE SOLD OR USED, BY KIND1

1993 1994
Kind Number Quantity Number Quantity
Value Unit Value Unit
of (thousand of (thousand
(thousands) value (thousands) value
quarries metric tons) quarries metric tons)
Limestone2 r
16 r
3,170 r
$24,000 r
$7.58 13 1,980 $12,300 $6.23
Dolomite 2 W W 3.65 2 W W 2.66
r r
Sandstone and quartzite 5 W W 5.07 5 W W 6.30
Volcanic cinder and scoria 4 13 105 8.07 3 4 4 1.00
Total XX 4,560 29,400 6.45 XX 4,540 19,800 4.36
r
Revised. W Withheld to avoid disclosing company proprietary data; included in "Total." XX Not applicable.
1
Data are rounded to three significant digits; may not add to totals shown.
2
Includes "Limestone-dolomite," reported with no distinction between the two.

3
 TABLE 4
UTAH: CRUSHED STONE SOLD OR USED BY PRODUCERS IN 1994, BY USE AND DISTRICT1
(Thousand metric tons and thousand dollars)

District 1 District 2 District 3

Use
Quantity Value Quantity Value Quantity Value
Construction aggregates:
Coarse aggregate (+1 1/2 inch)2 — — W W — —
Coarse aggregate, graded3 — — W W — —
Fine aggregate (-3/8 inch)4 — — W W — —
Coarse and fine aggregate5 — — W W — —
Other construction materials — — 2,260 5,110 — —
Agricultural 6 — — (7) (7) — —
Chemical and metallurgical 8 (7) (7) (7) (7) — —
9 7
Unspecified: Estimated () (7) (7) (7) 17 103
Total 1,510 11,500 3,020 8,230 17 103
W Withheld to avoid disclosing company proprietary data; included with "Other construction materials."
1
Data are rounded to three significant digits; may not add to totals shown.
2
Includes riprap and jetty stone.
3
Includes bituminous aggregate (coarse).
4
Includes stone sand (bituminous mix or seal) and screening (undesignated).
5
Includes graded road base or subbase, unpaved road surfacing, and crusher run (select material or fill).
6
Includes poultry grit and mineral food.
7
Withheld to avoid disclosing company proprietary data; included in "Total."
8
Includes cement manufacture, flux stone, and lime manufacture.
9
Includes production reported without a breakdown by end use and estimates for nonrespondents.

TABLE 5
UTAH: CONSTRUCTION SAND AND GRAVEL SOLD OR USED IN 1994, BY MAJOR USE CATEGORY1

Quantity
Value Value
Use (thousand
(thousands) per ton
metric tons)
Concrete aggregate and concrete products2 4,110 $16,500 $4.02
Asphaltic concrete aggregates and other bituminous mixtures 2,230 9,100 4.07
Road base and coverings3 5,130 15,600 3.04
Fill 3,830 6,530 1.70
Other4 173 709 4.10
Unspecified:5
Actual 54 114 2.11
Estimated 5,570 21,000 3.77
Total or average 21,100 69,600 3.30
1
Data are rounded to three significant digits; may not add to totals shown.
2
Includes plaster and gunite sands.
3
Includes road and other stabilization (lime).
4
Includes railroad ballast and snow and ice control.
5
Includes production reported without a breakdown by end use and estimates for nonrespondents.

4
 TABLE 6
UTAH: CONSTRUCTION SAND AND GRAVEL SOLD OR USED IN 1994, BY USE AND DISTRICT1
(Thousand metric tons and thousand dollars)

Unspecified within all

District 1 District 2 District 3
Use districts
Quantity Value Quantity Value Quantity Value Quantity Value
Concrete aggregate and concrete
products2 1,490 6,110 2,460 8,970 167 1,440 — —
Asphaltic concrete aggregates and
road base materials 639 2,310 1,270 5,140 94 871 234 786
Road base and covering3 1,310 3,850 2,820 8,160 754 2,890 245 674
Fill 604 862 2,960 5,170 272 503 — —
Other miscellaneous uses4 25 45 94 318 55 347 — —
Unspecified:5
Actual 2 6 41 90 11 18 — —
Estimated 513 1,800 3,960 14,100 1,090 5,160 — —
Total 4,580 15,000 13,600 41,900 2,440 11,200 478 1,460
1
Data rounded to three significant digits; may not add to totals shown.
2
Includes plaster and gunite sands.
3
Includes fill, and road and other stabilization (lime).
4
Includes railroad ballast and snow and ice control.
5
Includes production reported without a breakdown by end use and estimates for nonrespondents.

5
 1996 Summary of Mineral Activity in Utah
By R.L. Bon, R.W. Gloyn, and D.E. Tabet

The value of Utah's mineral production in 1996 is estimated to be $2.2 billion, a decrease of
$197 million from 1995. This still makes 1996 the second-highest year in total mineral value
output. Contributions from each of the major industry segments are: base metals, $960 million
(43 percent of total); coal, $500 million (23 percent of total); industrial minerals, $433 million (19
percent of total); and precious metals, $326 million (15 percent of total).

The growth in Utah's mineral valuation by industry segment for 1994-1996 is shown in figure
1. Compared to 1995, the 1996 values of: (1) base metal production declined $238 million, (2)
coal production increased $21 million, (3) industrial mineral production increased $4 million, and
(4) precious metal production increased $16 million. Prices decreased for most base metals
(beryllium, copper, and magnesium) and coal in 1996 while precious metal prices were mixed;
silver prices increased while gold prices decreased. Industrial mineral prices increased modestly
for some commodities and declined for other commodities.

MINERAL INDUSTRY OUTLOOK

The outlook for 1997 continues to be favorable. Utah has established record-level and near-
record-level production and valuation in each industry segment for the past three years. Total
mineral production will remain relatively high in 1997 but only coal is expected to set a new
production record. The value of mineral production statewide has increased substantially over the
past three years, due mostly to a rise in metal prices. Operator surveys indicate that in 1997,
base-metal and precious-metal production will decline slightly while industrial mineral production
is expected to make modest gains. Production will continue to increase in some industrial mineral
commodities, such as gypsum, salt, phosphate, cement, limestone, and sand and gravel, and will
remain level in most other commodities. The demand for most industrial minerals largely depends
on local and regional economies where the products are consumed. Due to a strong economy in
Utah and neighboring states, the market for many industrial minerals will continue to expand.
Coal prices are expected to remain near their current lows for the coming year.

The value of precious metals is expected to decline modestly in 1997 due to declining
production levels from nearly all producers. USMX's Goldstrike mine in Washington County
completed heap-leaching operations and closed in 1996. American Barrick’s Mercur mine in
Tooele County is beginning to curtail its operation due to reserve depletion and will produce
substantially less each year until the operation closes in 1999. Kennecott's Bingham Canyon mine
in Salt Lake County, which produces more than half of Utah's precious metals as a by-product,
will produce slightly less gold and silver in 1997 while Kennecott’s Barneys Canyon mine in Salt
Lake County is scheduled to produce more gold.

1
 MINE AND EXPLORATION PERMITS

Mine Permits

During 1996, the Utah Division of Oil, Gas and Mining (DOGM) received nine Regular Mine
permit applications (2 hectares or 5 acres and larger disturbance) and 35 new Small Mine permit
applications (less than 2 hectares or 5 acres disturbance). Five applications were made to change from
Small Mine to Regular Mine status. These numbers represent an increase of three Regular Mine permit
applications and a decrease of one Small Mine permit application compared to 1995. Several Small
Mine permits have been issued to operators who plan to expand to a Regular Mine permit once
exploratory and initial development work has been completed. These new mines will increase the total
number of producing operations and will have a modest effect on the total value of production.

In December 1996, DOGM sent 410 annual report questionnaires to active large and small mine
operators. By mid-February, 249 reports had been received by the division. Of the mines reporting, 43
large mines, 12 coal mines, and 53 small mines reported production. Several reporting mines produced
more than one commodity.

Active Regular Mine permits can be subdivided into the following categories: base metals (4),
precious metals (4), coal (12), and industrial minerals (50).

Exploration Permits

Mineral exploration statewide increased moderately compared to 1995. Thirty-two Notices of

Intent (NOI) to explore on public lands were filed with DOGM in 1996, compared to 22 for 1995. The
number of new NOIs for 1996, listed by county, included Tooele (7); Beaver (6); Juab (3); Garfield,
Millard, Piute, San Juan, and Utah (2); and Box Elder, Grand, Salt Lake, Uintah, Washington, and
Weber (1). Twenty-three permits were issued for base- and/or precious-metals exploration while six
targeted industrial minerals, two targeted energy minerals, and one targeted gemstones.

NATIONAL RANKINGS

The U.S. Bureau of Mines (BOM) ranked Utah fourth in the nation (up from sixth) in the value of
nonfuel minerals produced in 1995. Utah accounted for nearly 5 percent of the U.S. total nonfuel
mineral production value. Utah ranked first in beryllium and gilsonite; second in potash and copper;
third in gold, magnesium, and molybdenum; fourth in phosphate rock and silver; and sixth in salt. Utah
also ranked 14th in coal production.

According to the BOM, between 1985 and 1995 the value of nonfuel mineral production in Utah
increased from $313 million to over $1.8 billion (figure 2). The Utah Geological Survey's (UGS)
estimate for nonfuel mineral production value for 1996 is $1.7 billion.

2
 BASE- AND PRECIOUS-METAL PRODUCTION

Copper

Copper is the largest contributor to the value of nonfuel minerals in the state. Significant price
increases in 1994 and 1995 pushed the value of copper to historic highs and the value of base-metal
production statewide to over $1 billion for the first time in 1995. Copper production from Kennecott's
Bingham Canyon mine in Salt Lake County decreased slightly in 1996 from 1995 production of about
330,000 tons of copper metal. Since 1990, annual copper production has ranged from a low of 250,000
tons to a high of more than 330,000 tons. With the completion of the modernization and expansion
program that began in 1988, Kennecott's copper production has stabilized at a rate slightly higher than
300,000 tons annually.

Magnesium Metal

Magnesium metal was the second-largest contributor to the value of base metals in 1996.
Magnesium metal is produced from Great Salt Lake brines by Magnesium Corporation of America
(Magcorp) at its electrolytic plant at Rowley in Tooele County. The plant has the capacity to produce
42,000 tons of magnesium metal (99.9 percent purity) annually and is the fourth-largest magnesium
plant in the world. Utah magnesium production remained steady in 1996 while prices declined due
primarily to increased foreign competition.

Beryllium

Utah continued to be the nation's leading producer of beryllium metal. Beryllium ore (bertrandite)
is mined at Brush Wellman's Topaz mine in Juab County and processed with domestic and imported
beryl ore (through a separate circuit) at the company's plant a few miles north of Delta in Millard
County. In 1996, more than 400,000 pounds of beryllium hydroxide were produced at the Delta plant
and sent to the company-owned refinery and finishing plant in Ohio. Production of beryllium hydroxide
in 1996 is projected to be similar to 1995 production. The demand for beryllium alloys and beryllium
oxide has increased modestly over the past several years as alloys are being introduced into components
for the automobile and electronics industries. The demand for beryllium metal has decreased as national
defense requirements have declined.

Molybdenum

The sole molybdenum producer in Utah is Kennecott's Bingham Canyon mine, which produced
about 20,000 tons of molybdenum concentrate in 1996. The Bingham Canyon mine was one of only 10
molybdenum producers in the United States in 1995. Molybdenum is recovered as a by-product from
the milling operation and its production is dependent on the amount of copper ore processed. A strong
demand for molybdenum is forecast for 1997.

3
 Iron Ore

The only iron ore production in Utah is from Geneva Steel’s operation west of Cedar City in Iron
County. The ore is used in Geneva’s steel-making facility near Orem, Utah County. In 1996, the
company did not produce any iron ore. The change from an open-hearth process to the new Q-BOP
process for steel making at the Geneva plant has increased the use of higher iron, lower silica-content
taconite pellets from Minnesota and decreased the use of lower iron-content ore from their Cedar City
mine over the past several years. The process change has also decreased the use of limestone from the
company's Utah County limestone quarry.

Gold and Silver

Gold production statewide in 1996 is estimated to be about 775,000 Troy ounces, 20,000 Troy
ounces more than 1995. Gold is produced from four surface mines, three of which are primary
producers and one by-product operation. In descending order of production they are: (1) Kennecott's
Bingham Canyon mine, (2) Kennecott's Barneys Canyon mine, (3) American Barrick's Mercur mine, and
(4) USMX's Goldstrike mine. North Lily Mining Company's North Lily mine-dump leach operation
closed in 1996. In 1996, only one mine had an increase over 1995 production and three mines
experienced a decrease in production. In 1995, the Bingham Canyon mine was the fourth-largest gold
producer in the United States.

The Goldstrike mine in Washington County discontinued mining operations in 1994; however, a
small amount of gold was recovered from active leach dumps before the mine closed in mid-1996. The
Mercur mine in Tooele County will phase out its mining operation during the next several years due to
reserve depletion and will produce at lower levels until mining and leaching are completed.

In 1996, silver production statewide is estimated at about 4.8 million Troy ounces, approximately
700,000 Troy ounces more than in 1995. Silver is produced as a secondary metal by all but one
(Barneys Canyon mine) of the primary gold producers and as a by-product metal by Kennecott's
Bingham Canyon mine. Kennecott is by far the largest silver producer in the state.

INDUSTRIAL MINERAL PRODUCTION

Industrial minerals continued to be an important contributor to Utah's mineral industry. Major

commodities produced include: salt, magnesium chloride, potash (potassium chloride) and sulfate of
potash (SOP), sand and gravel, crushed stone, Portland cement, lime, limestone, dolomite, phosphate,
gilsonite, common clay and bentonite, and gypsum.

Commodities produced in lesser amounts include fuller's earth, building stone, decorative stone,
lightweight aggregate, masonry cement, and gemstones.

4
 Salt, Magnesium Chloride, Potash (Potassium Chloride), and Sulfate of Potash

Salt and brine-derived products are the largest contributors to the value of industrial minerals in
Utah. In addition to salt, other brine-derived products include magnesium chloride, potash (potassium
chloride) and SOP.

The production of salt and brine-derived products statewide is estimated to be 3.1 million tons in
1996, the same as in 1995. Salt production alone is estimated to be 2.4 million tons in 1996, with most
of the production coming from three operators using brine from Great Salt Lake. These operators are,
in descending order of production: (1) GSL Minerals, Inc., (2) Morton Salt Company, and (3) Akzo
Nobel Salt, Inc. In addition, three other companies produce salt and/or potash from operations not
related to Great Salt Lake: (1) Reilly Chemical Company at Wendover in Tooele County, (2) Moab Salt
Company near Moab in Grand County, and (3) Redmond Clay and Salt Company near Redmond in
Sanpete County (salt only). Potash is produced by two operators, Reilly Chemical Company and Moab
Salt Company at their previously mentioned facilities. Potash production is estimated at nearly 175,000
tons in 1996, about 25,000 tons more than 1995 production. The production of industrial salt and other
brine-derived products is expected to continue to expand over the next several years. GSL Minerals,
the largest SOP producer in North America, plans to double production from the current level of
300,000 tons per year within the next five years. Potash production is expected to remain at its current
level.

Sand and Gravel and Crushed Stone

Sand and gravel, and crushed stone are the second-highest value industrial minerals produced in
1996. These materials are produced by commercial operators, and by state, federal, and county
agencies in nearly every county in Utah. Due to the large number and diversity of producers, operators
are not sent UGS production questionnaires. However, data are compiled by the U.S. Geological
Survey. The latest yearly production data show that in 1995 over 19.8 million tons of sand and gravel
and 4.8 million tons of crushed stone were produced with a total value of $80.6 million. Mid-1996 data
indicated that production has increased slightly above the mid-1995 level.

Portland Cement, Lime, Limestone, and Dolomite

Portland cement and lime were respectively the third- and fourth-highest value industrial minerals
produced in 1996. Two operators produce Portland cement in Utah: Holnam, Inc. and Ash Grove
Cement Company. Holnam's Devil's Slide plant is east of Morgan in Morgan County, and Ash Grove's
Leamington plant is north of Delta in Juab County. The two plants have a combined capacity of more
than 1 million tons of cement annually. Both companies have plans underway to increase cement
production over the next two years.

Lime usage continues to expand. Continental Lime, Inc., which produces high-calcium lime, and
Chemical Lime of Arizona, which produces dolomitic lime, are the two suppliers of calcined limestone
(quick lime) and hydrated lime in Utah, with a combined capacity of more than 1 million tons per year.
Both operations serve markets in Utah and surrounding states. Continental Lime's plant is in the
Cricket Mountains, approximately 35 miles (56 Km) southwest of Delta in Millard County, and is rated

5
one of the 10 largest lime plants in the United States. Chemical Lime of Arizona's plant is near
Grantsville in Tooele County.

Two companies produced less than 100,000 tons of limestone in 1996. In descending order of
production they are Cotter Corporation’s Papoose mine in San Juan County and Emery Industrial
Resources' Cherry Hill Park mine in Utah County. This production compares to over 180,000 tons of
limestone produced in 1995 by five operators. Three of the five operators who produced limestone in
1995 were idle in 1996. Limestone is used primarily for reducing flue-stack emissions in electric power
generation plants and for aggregate in the construction industry.

Geneva Steel produces about 200,000 tons of dolomite from a quarry located near the southeast
end of Utah Lake in Utah County. The majority of the dolomite is used in the blast furnace operation at
the Geneva plant while the remainder is crushed to a fine powder and marketed as "rock dust" for use as
a coal-dust suppressant in underground coal mines.

Phosphate

Utah's only phosphate operation, SF Phosphates Limited Company’s Vernal Phosphate Operation,
is 11 miles (18 Km) north of Vernal in Uintah County. SF Phosphates Limited is a partnership
comprising Farmland Industries of Kansas City, Missouri and J. R. Simplot, Inc. of Boise, Idaho. The
company mines roughly 2.5 million tons of ore annually, which is processed into about 1 million tons of
concentrate and transported in slurry form to the company's Rock Springs, Wyoming fertilizer plant via
a 90-mile-long (145 km) underground pipeline. The mine operates at a nearly constant annual rate since
its product is used exclusively in its company-owned manufacturing facility. Production for 1996 is the
highest in the past several years.

Gilsonite

Gilsonite production for 1996 is estimated at about 60,000 tons, the same as in 1995. Gilsonite is
an unusual solid hydrocarbon which has been mined in Utah for more than 100 years. The three
operations which produce gilsonite are all near the town of Bonanza in Uintah County. In descending
order of production they are: (1) American Gilsonite Company’s Bonanza mine, (2) Zeigler Chemical
and Minerals Company’s Zeigler mine, and (3) Lexco, Inc.’s Lexco mine. Gilsonite is used in over 150
products ranging from printing inks to explosives, and is marketed worldwide.

Heavy Clay and Bentonite

More than 280,000 tons of structural clay and more than 40,000 tons of bentonite were produced
by five companies in 1996. This is a slight decrease from the nearly 300,000 tons of clay produced in
1995. Bentonite production was essentially the same as last year. In descending order of production
the clay-producing companies are: (1) Interstate Brick Company, (2) ECDC Environmental LC, (3)
Redmond Clay and Salt Company, (4) Interpace Industries, and (5) Western Clay Company. Clay is
used primarily in the manufacture of bricks and as a sealant for open-pit storage of drilling fluids and oil,
heap-leach pads in the mining industry, irrigation ditches, and industrial- and municipal-waste landfills.

6
Bentonite is used primarily as a drilling mud in the oil and gas industry, a pet-waste absorbent, and as a
sealant in civil-engineering applications.

Gypsum

Nearly 360,000 tons of gypsum were produced by six companies in 1996, 60,000 tons more than
1995 production. In descending order of production the companies are: (1) U.S. Gypsum Company,
(2) Georgia Pacific Corporation, (3) Thomas J. Peck & Sons, (4) D.K. Gypsum Industries, (5) H.E.
Davis & Sons, Inc., and (6) Western Clay Company. In 1995, Georgia Pacific Corporation re-opened
its wallboard plant, which had been idle since 1992, near Sigurd in Sevier County. The majority of
gypsum produced in Utah is used for making wallboard, but several small operators supply raw gypsum
to regional cement companies where it is used as an additive to retard the setting time of cement and to
the agriculture industry for use in animal feed.

ENERGY MINERALS PRODUCTION

Coal

Utah’s coal industry achieved yet another production record in 1996 with a total of more than 27
million short tons, 8 percent above last year’s record (figure 3). Coal production came from twelve
underground mines operated by six companies in three central Utah counties. Emery County was the
leading coal producing county (62 percent), followed by Carbon (22 percent), and Sevier (16 percent)
Counties.

Electric utilities remained the largest customers for Utah coal, consuming 69 percent of 1996
production. Pacific Rim exports were the second-largest market, consuming 20 percent, and industrial
customers consuming 10 percent. Small amounts of coal also went for residential and commercial
sectors. Demand for coal from Asian Pacific-Rim countries and eastern U.S. states has been the driving
factor in the increases in Utah coal sales and production while in-state consumption of coal has
remained relatively flat since 1992 (figure 4). Coal sales to customers outside the state have grown
from roughly 40 percent of the market in 1992 to 55 percent of the market in 1996.
The value of Utah coal sold in 1996 exceeded $500 million (figure 5), at an average price of $18.50
per ton. The average price per ton of coal has been dropping since 1982, but the Utah Office of Energy
and Resource Planning forecasts that prices will probably start moving upward after 1997.

Nine of the state’s twelve coal mines have, or plan to acquire, longwall mining machines to achieve
the necessary productivity to compete in Utah’s coal market. The average productivity for Utah coal
mines in 1996 was 6.72 tons per miner-hour. This small productivity drop (down from 6.95 tons per
miner-hour achieved in 1995) was the result of inclusion of low-productivity development tonnage from
Cyprus-Amax Minerals Company’s new Willow Creek mine which began producing coal in September
1996. The first longwall panel is scheduled for start-up in the fourth quarter of 1997.

7
 Also in central Utah, Horizon Coal Corporation continues to work on permitting its new Horizon
mine near the old Gordon Creek and Blue Blaze mines northwest of Price. Horizon Coal has applied to
the U.S. Bureau of Land Management (BLM) for 1,280 acres of federal coal in T. 13 S., R. 8 E., and
anticipates that this tract will be offered for sale in 1997.

A major event in the Utah coal industry for 1996 was the sale of Coastal States Energy
Corporation’s three Utah mines to Canyon Fuel Company, a joint venture between ARCO Coal
Company (65 percent) and Itochu Corporation (35 percent). Included in the $615 million sale was
Coastal’s 9 percent interest in the Los Angeles Export Terminal. Shortly after the sale was completed,
Canyon Fuel filed for a lease by application (LBA) for the previously delineated Pines Federal Coal
Lease tract to extend the life of its SUFCO mine.

The future of Utah’s coal industry suffered a severe blow when President Clinton set aside most of
the Kaiparowits coal field by creating the Grand Staircase-Escalante National Monument on September
18, 1996. This development effectively stopped Andalex Resources’ plans for its 2.5 to 3.0 million ton-
per-year Smoky Hollow mine, which was nearing final state permit approval. Andalex has since
withdrawn its mining permit application and has entered into negotiations with the BLM to trade out its
Kaiparowits coal lease holdings. PacifiCorp’s Energy West Mining subsidiary has also entered into
negotiations with the BLM to relinquish its federal leases located at the northern end of the Kaiparowits
coal field near the town of Escalante. It is uncertain if there are sufficient federally-owned coal
resources elsewhere in Utah which BLM could trade should these two companies seek similar tonnages
of coal within the state.

Uranium

Although no uranium mines were active in Utah in 1996, there are indications of a modest revival
of the uranium industry in southeastern Utah. U.S. Energy, Inc. has applied to the Nuclear Regulatory
Commission (NRC) to change the status of its 1,000 short-ton-per-day (stpd) Shootaring Canyon
uranium mill in Garfield County from standby to operational. Approval is expected by mid-1997 with
production to start soon afterwards. Initial feed will be from stockpiled ore at the mill site (94,000
short tons [st] of 0.125 percent U3O8), and mined ore at the Tony M mine (170,000 st at 0.16 percent
U3O8). U.S. Energy also plans to begin mining at the Tony M mine in Garfield County and at the
Velvet mine in San Juan County. The company began dewatering the Velvet shaft in 1996, but needed
to remove radium and uranium from the mine discharge water before continuing.

Energy Fuels Nuclear, Inc. operated the White Mesa mill south of Blanding for about six months in
1996. The first milling campaign was from January to February using stockpiled ore from mines in
northern Arizona. Approximately 40,000 st of ore containing about 300,000 pounds of U3O8 were
milled. The second milling campaign was from May to August using alternate feed (CaF2 filter fines
from uranium enrichment). Approximately 4,000 st were processed and 200,000 pounds of U3O8
recovered.

The sale of Energy Fuels Nuclear, Inc. to International Uranium Holding Corporation is proceeding
and should be finalized by Spring 1997. The bankruptcy court has approved the purchase of Energy
Fuels Nuclear, Inc.’s assets and the NRC has recommended renewal of Energy Fuel’s license and its

8
transfer to the new owner. The mill and properties will be operated by International Uranium
Corporation (USA). The company plans several “alternate feed” milling campaigns covering four to
five months at the White Mesa mill beginning late Spring 1997, after the sale is finalized. The company
also hopes to start mining ore from some of its properties in Utah, Colorado, and Arizona in late 1997.

BASE- AND PRECIOUS-METALS EXPLORATION ACTIVITY

Mineral exploration for base and precious metals in Utah showed some improvement over 1995 but
still remained at relatively modest levels. The Utah Division of Oil, Gas and Mining received 31 new
NOIs in 1996. Nearly 70 percent of these were for precious metals, mostly in Tooele, Beaver, and
Millard Counties; about 10 percent were for base metals. In addition to the new NOIs, exploration was
also done in areas previously permitted, such as the Oquirrh Mountains in Salt Lake and Tooele
Counties, the Tintic district in Juab and Utah Counties, and near Milford in Beaver County. Although
most exploration took place in a few well-known mining districts, many of the new exploration areas
are more scattered throughout the state (figure 6). In addition to precious metals, targets for base
metals included skarn, porphyry, breccia pipe, sedimentary copper deposits, and lead-zinc-silver
limestone replacement deposits.

Oquirrh Mountains

There was substantial exploration activity in the Oquirrh Mountains in Salt Lake, Tooele, and Utah
Counties by Barrick Mercur Mines, BHP Minerals, Kennecott Utah Copper, and ASARCO.

Barrick Mercur Mines conducted an aggressive drilling program in 1996 that included 75 drill holes
totaling 51,000 feet (15,544 m) around the soon-to-be-closed Mercur mine in Tooele County.
Approximately 18,000 feet (5,486 m) of drilling was done on targets within the mine area. The
remaining drilling tested other sediment-hosted gold targets in the Mercur district that included South
Mercur (Sunshine area), Lion Hill north of the mine, and West Dip along the range front west of the
mine. Although the drilling intersected scattered gold mineralization, no minable reserves were
developed.

BHP Minerals drilled seven holes ranging in depth from 400 to 700 feet (122-213 m) in the West
Dip area, west of the Mercur mine. The target was sediment-hosted gold in the Mississippian upper
Great Blue Limestone adjacent to high-angle faults under alluvial cover. Results were discouraging and
no further work is planned.

Kennecott Utah Copper drilled 43 exploration holes totaling about 42,000 feet (12,800 m) in the
Oquirrh Mountains. Twenty-eight drill holes were directed at exploration for sediment-hosted,
disseminated gold deposits in the pediment areas adjacent to the range, and 15 were directed at copper
prospects in the Ophir and Rush Valley (Stockton) mining districts. No new ore reserves were
delineated. Kennecott’s 1997 exploration program in the Oquirrh Mountains will include additional
drilling in the Ophir and Rush Valley districts and at a copper prospect in Settlement Canyon, 6 miles
(10 km) southwest of the Bingham Canyon mine.

9
 ASARCO drilled four holes with a total footage of nearly 3,000 feet (914 m) on their Porter
Hollow prospect in the northern Oquirrh Mountains. Results were equivocal and the project is
currently on hold.

Tintic Area

Exploration continued in the Tintic district of Utah and Tooele Counties by several companies
including Chief Consolidated Mining Company, Centurion Mines Corporation, and Tintic Utah Metals
LLC.

A substantial amount of work was done at the Burgin mine in the East Tintic district by Tintic Utah
Metals LLC on behalf of the joint venture partnership among Chief Consolidated Mining Company (50
percent), Akiko Gold Resources, Ltd. (25 percent), and Korea Zinc Company (25 percent). Since
exploration began in 1994 the joint venture has: (1) rehabilitated the Apex shaft to provide access to the
1,050-foot (320-m) level, (2) driven approximately 3,000 feet (914 m) of new drifts and cross-cuts for
underground drill stations, and (3) drilled 41 underground holes with a total footage of more than
18,000 feet (5,486 m). Of the 41 holes drilled to date, over half encountered lead, zinc, and silver
mineralization and seven contained minable gold values. One of the best drill holes intersected 92 feet
(28 m) of ore assaying 18.8 ounces/ton silver, 24 percent lead, and 6.7 percent zinc. Nearly all of the
exploration work has been directed toward extending the limits of the Main Burgin ore body downdip
to the west and northwest. Drilling has confirmed the downdip and western extension of the ore body
to the equivalent of the 1,600-foot (488-m) level, 250 to 300 feet (76-91 m) below the lowest existing
workings.

The most recent reserve calculations (April 1996) indicate 1.5 million st (1.36 Mt) of proven and
probable ore at an average grade of 16.5 ounces/ton silver, 21 percent lead, and 6.7 percent zinc.
Additional underground drilling is planned, including work on the relatively untested south and
southwest extensions of the Main Burgin ore body.

Thyssen Mining Construction of Canada, Ltd. is preparing a mine feasibility study scheduled to be
completed by April 1997. If project financing is subsequently obtained, then mine planning,
construction, and development could begin almost immediately with production scheduled to begin as
early as mid-1999. Tintic Utah Metals anticipates annual production of 315,000 st (286,000 Mt) of ore
over a minimum five-year mine life, yielding 4.6 million ounces of silver, nearly 119 million pounds
(54.5 Kt) of lead, and 22 million pounds (9.8 Kt) of zinc per year.

Chief Consolidated Mining Company continued to explore other properties it holds in the East
Tintic district outside of the Burgin joint venture. In June 1996 shareholders of South Standard Mining
Company approved the merger of South Standard into Chief Gold Mines, Inc., a wholly owned
subsidiary of Chief Consolidated Mining. Chief Gold Mines ultimately plans to rehabilitate the Trixie
shaft and initiate an underground drilling program to confirm and increase gold reserves. The earliest
start date would be late 1997. The mine was last operated in 1992 by Sunshine Mining Company.

Chief Consolidated also continued work in the Main Tintic district on the Plutus and Chief ore
zones. The Chief No. 2 shaft has been rehabilitated to the 1,600-foot (488-m) level and nearly 5,000

10
feet (1,524 m) of drifts have been rehabilitated. Rehabilitated drifts have reached the Chief No. 1 shaft
and are close to the Eagle and Bluebell shafts on the Plutus ore zone, and the Gemini shaft on the
Gemini ore zone. Eight to ten underground holes have been drilled to date (December 1996) totaling
nearly 3,000 feet (914 m). Five of the holes were drilled in the Plutus stope located between the Chief
No. 1 and Chief No. 2 shafts. The drilling will target lead-zinc-silver mineralization along the Plutus
zone between the 1,400 and 1,800 foot (427-549 m) levels. No ore-grade mineralization has been
encountered to date. Additional underground drilling is planned for 1997 and a six-person crew will
continue to rehabilitate the underground workings. The area was last explored by ASARCO during the
early to mid-1980s.

Centurion Mines Corporation conducted exploration on its properties in the Main Tintic district but
have not yet announced results.

Milford Area

Cortex Mining and Exploration Company continued exploration in the Rocky Range district north
of Milford in Beaver County. Cortex drilled three holes of a proposed 10-hole program in late 1996
before bad weather halted drilling. The holes were drilled on a coincident magnetic and IP (induced
polarization) anomaly north of the Valley deposit. The initial drilling encountered low-grade copper
skarn but no ore grade mineralization. The remaining seven holes are scheduled to be drilled in Spring
1997. The target is copper-magnetite skarn mineralization representing a northern extension of the
Valley deposit. The Valley deposit has probable ore reserves of 44.5 million st (40.4 Mt) at 1.27
percent copper at depths of 800 to 3,000 feet (244-914 m).

Centurion Mines Corporation was active in and around their O.K. mine in the Beaver Lake district
northwest of Milford. Centurion conducted a significant amount of drilling in the immediate mine area
and the southeastern extension. There are now more than 110 “ore development drill holes” on the
property according to company personnel. The 1996 drilling substantially increased the reserves of the
property. Although Centurion has not formally announced the new reserve estimates, they estimated
reserves to be 10 to 11 million st (9 to 10 Mt) of 0.45 to 0.55 percent copper containing “more than 8
million pounds of recoverable copper.” The previous announced reserves (July 1996) were 5.3 million
st (4.8 Mt) of 0.48 percent copper. The reserve estimates include both in-place ore and ore in existing
mine dumps.

In August 1996, Centurion applied to the state for a Large Mine permit for an open-pit, heap-leach
operation with a solvent-extraction, electrowinning plant. All mining permits should be approved by
mid-Spring 1997. The plant will operate at an initial rate of 1,000 stpd, later increasing to 3,000 stpd.
At full production, the mine should produce from 8 to 10 million pounds of cathode copper per year
over a minimum 10-year mine life. Centurion anticipates that copper production will begin in the last
quarter of 1997. Initial feed will be from existing dumps which average 0.40 percent copper. The
property will be operated by Dotson Mining Company, a wholly owned subsidiary of Centurion Mines
Corporation.

ASARCO completed their exploration program on the Jarloose precious metal property southeast
of Milford after drilling six holes in 1995. They subsequently dropped the property.

11
 Other Areas

Exploration continued in other areas in Utah including: (1) southeastern Utah for sediment-hosted
copper; (2) northwestern Utah for sediment-hosted gold in the Silver Island district and precious metal
vein deposits in the Gold Hill (Clifton) district; (3) west-central Utah for porphyry copper in the West
Tintic district, stockwork gold-copper in the Dugway district, sediment-hosted gold in the Kings
Canyon area, and lode gold in the Desert Mountain district; and (4) southwestern Utah for sediment-
hosted gold in the Goldstrike and Washington districts and skarn gold-copper in the Washington
district.

Southeastern Utah

Summo Minerals Corporation continued pre-production work at its Lisbon Valley copper project in
San Juan County. Summo increased ore reserves at the property based on late 1995 drilling; current
reserves are 46.5 million st (42.2 Mt) of ore at an average grade of 0.436 percent copper with an
overall strip ratio of 2.36 in three designated mine areas. Several revised feasibility studies have been
completed which assume an annual production of 40 million pounds/year (18.1 Kt) of cathode copper
over an eight- to ten-year mine life. The current ore body has not been completely delineated; further
exploration may find additional reserves.

Summo has completed a substantial part of the mine permitting process. The BLM has reviewed
the draft Environmental Impact Statement (EIS) and the final EIS is expected to be released in early
1997. The state has issued air quality and water rights permits and bonding requirements have been
established.

Summo has secured project financing and has entered into agreements with Min-Corp/TIC for
engineering and facilities construction, and with Brown & Root for contract mining. Construction is
scheduled to begin in Summer 1997 with initial cathode copper production starting in early 1998.
Americomm Resources Corporation sampled and mapped outcrops along the Lisbon fault
northwest of the Summo holdings. The sampling results were discouraging and the property was
returned to the vendor.

A number of other companies are also exploring for “leachable” sediment-hosted oxide copper
deposits in southeastern Utah.

Northwestern Utah

BHP Minerals evaluated more than 3 square miles (5 km2) in the Silver Island district north of
Wendover in Tooele County for sediment-hosted gold deposits in Pennsylvanian-Permian- aged
limestones. BHP drilled five holes ranging in depth from 400 to 750 feet (122-229 m). Results were
discouraging; the best drill hole intercept was 20 feet (6 m) of 250 parts per billion gold. No further
work is planned.

American Consolidated Mining and Clifton Mining Company continued work on their properties in
the Gold Hill (Clifton) district in western Tooele County. They began construction of a 500 stpd

12
gravity-floatation mill, drilled 12 reverse-circulation (RC) holes totaling 3,000 feet (914 m) on the
“Clifton Shears” prospect (Herat mine area), and subsequently drove a 660-foot-(200-m) long adit.
Current measured reserves for the prospect are 400,000 st (363,000 Mt) of ore at an average grade of
10 ounces/ton silver, 0.025 ounces/ton gold, and 4 percent lead. The mill is scheduled to be operational
by mid-1997 and will process “Clifton Shears” ore. The companies will conduct underground drilling
and complete 2,500 feet (762 m) of additional drifts in 1997.

West Central Utah

Gold Standard, Inc. drilled 26 holes with an average depth of 250 feet (96 m) on its Dugway
property in western Tooele County. The target was a gold-pyrite stockwork in quartzite below a highly
brecciated, low-angle fault. Results were discouraging even though several drill intercepts of 2 to 3
parts per million gold were found. Some copper mineralization was also found associated with the gold
mineralization; the best intercept was 30 feet (9 m) of 0.5 percent copper. Gold Standard subsequently
dropped the property.

BHP Minerals entered into a joint venture agreement with Centurion Mines Corporation to explore
the “Little Bingham” copper prospect in the West Tintic district in Juab County. Initial work consisted
of mapping, geochemical sampling, and geophysical surveys to identify drill targets in the pediment
south and west of the exposed “Little Bingham” prospect. Three holes were drilled in 1996 with a total
footage of 3,190 feet (972 m). One drill hole (96-3) intersected altered, sulfide-bearing quartz
monzonite with “elevated copper and molybdenum values.” Additional exploration and drilling are
planned for 1997.

Orion Gold International acquired an option on the Coyote Knolls precious metal property north of
Delta in Juab County. The target is gold-silver mineralization associated with brecciated pebble dikes in
rhyolite. Recent trenching and sampling along strike indicated precious metal values averaging 0.125
ounces/ton gold and 21.0 ounces/ton silver over a 135-foot (41-m) zone. Additional trenching and
surface sampling is planned for 1997. In addition, Orion is conducting a ground magnetometer survey
over a previously known airborne magnetic anomaly to better define possible copper-gold skarn targets.
Up to 1,200 feet (366 m) of drilling is planned in 1997 to test both targets.

Centurion Mines Corporation drilled several holes on its properties in the Kings Canyon area of
western Millard County. Drill hole CKC 96-10 on the Knolls prospect west of Boobs Canyon
intersected 10 feet (3 m) of ore assaying 0.615 ounces/ton gold and 2.3 ounces/ton silver at 250-260
feet (76-79 m), and 10 feet (3 m) assaying 0.112 ounces/ton gold at 270 to 280 feet (82-85 m). These
grades are significantly higher than those found at the other prospects in the area and may represent a
slightly different style of mineralization. Centurion plans to both offset and deepen drill hole CKC 96-
10.

Orion Gold International holds the option agreement with Crown Resources, Inc. on its Kings
Canyon property. The property contains a gold resource of 220,000 ounces using a 0.01 ounce/ton cut
off. In 1996 Orion assigned 50 percent of their interest to Phoenix Gold Resources. No exploration
work was done on the property in 1996 but as many as 10 holes are planned to be drilled in late 1997.

13
Southwestern Utah

Bull Valley LLC is looking for a joint venture partner to explore the Goldstrike district in
Washington County for deeper, higher grade, structurally controlled gold mineralization. The property
includes land previously leased to USMX, Inc. by Permian Exploration as well as additional properties
acquired by Tenneco Minerals.

In September 1996, Cominco and Preussag purchased the Apex gallium-germanium mine from
Hecla Mining Company. No exploration or development drilling is planned in 1997.

Royal Gold continued exploration in the Indian Peak Range of western Beaver County. They
drilled 11 RC holes totaling 6,090 feet (1,846 m) on the Blue Jay property. Some weak anomalous gold
and base metal intercepts were found. The targets are sediment hosted, disseminated gold and gold-
copper skarn in Cambrian limestone. Royal Gold also drilled six RC holes totaling 3,630 feet (1,100 m)
on the Indian Peak property about 5 miles (8 km) north of the Blue Jay. Anomalous gold and
associated pathfinder element values were found including a 30-foot (9 m) intercept averaging 0.01
ounces/ton gold. Additional drilling is planned for 1997.

Figure 1. Utah mineral valuation--gross value estimate, 1994 to 1996.

Data source: Utah Geological Survey

Figure 2. Utah nonfuel minerals valuation, 1985 to 1995.

Data source: U.S. Bureau of Mines

Figure 3. Utah coal production, 1986 to 1996.

Data source: Office of Energy and Resource Planning

Figure 4. Utah coal sales by destination, 1988 to 1996.

Data source: Office of Energy and Resource Planning

Figure 5. Utah coal valuation, 1986 to 1996.

Data source: Office of Energy and Resource Planning

Figure 6. Major base- and precious-metals exploration areas (shaded) in Utah during 1996.
Data Source: Utah Geological Survey

14
 Figure 1.

$1,500

Base Metals
$1,250 $1,198

Coal
$1,000 $960
$921
Industrial Minerals
Millions

$750

$490 $500
$500 $479
$428 $429 $433

$306 $310 $326

$250

$0
Base Metals Coal Industrial Minerals Precious Metals
Industry Segment
 Figure 2.

$2,000
$1,840

$1,520
$1,500
$1,334 $1,348
$1,290 $1,310

$1,149
Millions

$1,015
$1,000

$700

$500
$374
$313

$0
1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995
Year
 Figure 3.

28 27.1

25.1
24.4
Tons in millions 24
22.0 21.9 21.7
21.0
20.5
20
18.2

16.5
16
14.3

12
1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996
Year
 Figure 4.
30
28.2

25.4
Exported
25
23.4

21.7 21.7 21.3

21.9 In-State
20.3
20
Tons in millions
18.2

15

10

0
1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996
Year
 Figure 5.

550

$500
500
$490
$479 $479
$472
$ Millions

$459 $460
$451
450

$417 $415

400 $394

350
1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996
Year
 1997 Summary of Mineral Activity in Utah
R.L. Bon and R.W. Gloyn, Utah Geological Survey, and
F.R. Jahanbani, Office of Energy Resource and Planning

Summary

The value of Utah's mineral production in 1997 is estimated to be $2.26

billion, making 1997 the second-highest year in total mineral value after 1995.
Contributions from each of the major industry segments are: base metals, $949
million (42 percent of total); industrial minerals, $533 million (24 percent of total);
coal, $485 million (21 percent of total); and precious metals, $289 million (13
percent of total).

The growth in Utah's mineral valuation by industry segment for 1995-1997 is

shown in figure 1. Compared to 1996, the 1997 values of: (1) base metal
production declined $11 million, (2) industrial mineral production increased $100
million, (3) coal production decreased $15 million, and (4) precious metal
production decreased $37 million. Prices decreased for most base metals
(copper, molybdenum, and magnesium), precious metals, and coal in 1997
while industrial mineral prices increased modestly for some commodities and
declined for other commodities.

Outlook

The value of mineral production is expected to decline moderately in 1998.

Operator surveys indicate that in 1998: base-metal production should remain
relatively high, precious-metal production should decline sharply, and coal
production should increase as should most industrial mineral commodities.
Metal prices for copper, molybdenum, and gold closed the year at multi-year
market lows which could significantly affect the value of base- and precious-
metal production in 1998 if the trend continues. Production will continue to
increase in some industrial minerals, such as gypsum, salt, phosphate, cement,
limestone, and sand and gravel, and will remain level in most other
commodities. Coal production did not set a new record in 1997 but is expected
to establish a new one in 1998. Coal prices are expected to remain near their
current multi-year lows.

The value of precious metals is expected to decline moderately in 1998 due

to declining production levels from nearly all producers. American Barrick’s
Mercur mine in Tooele County is in the final phase of operation and will produce
only a modest amount of gold until it closes early in 1998. Kennecott's Bingham

1
Canyon mine in Salt Lake County, which produces more than two-thirds of
Utah's precious metals as a byproduct, and Kennecott’s Barneys Canyon mine
in Salt Lake County will produce substantially less gold in 1998 due to mining
lower grade gold- bearing ores.

Mine Permit Summary and Status

During 1997, the Utah Division of Oil, Gas and Mining (DOGM) received five
Large Mine permit applications (2 hectares or five acres and larger disturbance)
and 33 new Small Mine permit applications (fewer than 2 hectares or five acres
disturbance). Three applications were made to change from Small Mine to
Large Mine status. These numbers represent a decrease of four Large Mine and
two Small Mine permit applications compared to 1996.

In December 1997, 432 annual report questionnaires were sent to all current
Large and Small Mine permit holders. By mid-March, 267 reports had been
received by the division. Of the mines reporting, 51 large metallic and
nonmetallic mines, 12 coal (large) mines, and 80 small metallic and nonmetallic
mines reported production. Several reporting mines produced more than one
commodity.

The State has 63 active large mine operations (excluding sand and gravel)
which are grouped by industry segment as follows: base metals (3), precious
metals (2), coal (12), and industrial minerals (46).

Exploration Permits

Mineral exploration statewide has increased slightly compared to 1996.

Thirty-four Notices of Intent (NOI) to explore on public lands were filed with
DOGM in 1997, compared to 32 for 1996. The number of new NOIs for 1997
listed by county included: Beaver (6); Box Elder (1); Duchesne (2); Garfield (4);
Juab (2); Millard (1); San Juan (3); Sevier (1); Summit (1); Tooele (1); Uintah (5);
Utah (2); Wasatch (1); and Washington (4). Seventeen permits were issued for
base- and/or precious-metals exploration, and eight permits were issued which
targeted industrial minerals. Six permits were issued which did not identify their
respective targeted commodity.

National Rankings

The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) ranked Utah seventh in the nation (down
from fourth) in the value of nonfuel minerals produced in 1996 (latest year for
which production figures are available). Utah accounted for nearly 4 percent

2
of the U.S. total nonfuel mineral production value. Utah ranked first in beryllium
and gilsonite; second in potash, molybdenum, and copper; third in gold and
magnesium metal; fourth in phosphate ore, magnesium compounds, and silver;
sixth in salt; seventh in bentonite clays; 11th in oil and gas; and 12th in coal (up
from 14th in 1996).

According to the USGS, between 1986 and 1996 the value of nonfuel
mineral production in Utah increased from $374 million to over $1.8 billion; which
was acheived in 1995 (figure 2). Nonfuel mineral production for 1996 is
estimated to be $1.56 billion. The Utah Geological Survey's (UGS) estimate for
nonfuel mineral production for 1997 is $1.77 billion, $50 million more than 1996.

Base- and Precious-Metal Production

Copper

Copper is the largest contributor to the value of nonfuel minerals in the

state. Significant price increases in 1994 and 1995 pushed the value of copper
to historic highs and the value of base-metal production statewide to over $1
billion for the first time in 1995. Copper production from Kennecott's Bingham
Canyon mine (Utah’s sole copper producer) in Salt Lake County increased
slightly in 1997 from 1996 production of about 330,000 short tons (st) (300,000
metric tons [mt]) of copper metal. Since 1990, annual copper production has
ranged from a low of 250,000 st (227,000 mt) to a high of more than 330,000 st
(300,000 mt). With the completion of the modernization and expansion
program that began in 1988, Kennecott's copper production has stabilized at a
rate slightly higher than 300,000 st (272,000 mt) annually.

Magnesium Metal

Magnesium metal was the second-largest contributor to the value of base

metals in 1997. Magnesium metal is produced from Great Salt Lake brines by
Magnesium Corporation of America at its electrolytic plant at Rowley in Tooele
County. The plant has a capacity to produce 42,000 st (38,000 mt) of
magnesium metal (99.9 percent purity) annually and is the fourth-largest
magnesium plant in the world. Utah magnesium production remained at or
near capacity in 1997 while prices declined due primarily to increased foreign
competition.

Beryllium

Utah continued to be the nation's leading producer of beryllium metal.

Beryllium ore (bertrandite) is mined at Brush Wellman's Topaz mine in Juab
County and processed with domestic and imported beryl at the company's

3
plant a few miles north of Delta in Millard County. In 1997, more than 600 st (544
mt) of beryllium hydroxide were produced at the Delta plant and sent to the
company-owned refinery and finishing plant in Ohio. Brush Wellman has
permitted a new mine (Hogsback) near the Topaz operation which will begin
production in 1998. The demand for beryllium alloys and beryllium oxide has
increased modestly over the past several years as alloys are being introduced
into components for the automobile and electronics industries.

Molybdenum

The sole molybdenum producer in Utah is Kennecott's Bingham Canyon

mine, which produced about 19,000 st (17,230 mt) of molybdenum concentrate
(MoS2) in 1997. The Bingham Canyon mine was one of only 14 molybdenum
producers in the United States in 1997. Molybdenum is recovered as a
byproduct from the copper milling operation and its production is dependent
on the amount of copper ore processed.

Gold and Silver

Gold production statewide in 1997 is estimated to reach a record-high of

nearly 800,000 ounces (24,882 kilograms [kg]), 23,000 ounces (715 kg) more than
1996. Gold is produced from three large surface mines, two which are primary
producers (Barneys Canyon mine and Mercur mine), and one byproduct
operation (Bingham Canyon mine). In descending order of production they
are: (1) Kennecott's Bingham Canyon mine, (2) Kennecott's Barneys Canyon
mine, and (3) American Barrick's Mercur mine. In 1997, only the Bingham
Canyon mine increased production. Several small mines in the state are known
to produce minor amounts of precious metals but metal-specific production is
not reported, and not included in the above data.

In 1997, silver production statewide was estimated at about 4.8 million

ounces (0.15 million kg), the same as 1996. Silver was produced as a secondary
metal by American Barrick’s Mercur mine, and as a byproduct metal by
Kennecott's Bingham Canyon mine. Kennecott is by far the largest silver
producer in the state.

Industrial Mineral Production

The industrial minerals segment was the second-largest contributor to the

value of minerals produced in 1997. Major commodities produced by group or
individual commodity in descending order of value included: (1) salines,
including sulfate of potash, salt, potash (KCl), and magnesium chloride; (2) sand

4
and gravel, and crushed stone; (3) Portland cement; (4) phosphate; (5) lime; (6)
gilsonite; (7) clay and bentonite; and (8) gypsum.

Salt, Magnesium Chloride, Potash (Potassium Chloride), and Sulfate of Potash

Brine-derived products including salt are the largest contributors to the value
of industrial mineral production in Utah. In addition to salt, other brine-derived
products include magnesium chloride, potash (potassium chloride and sulphate
of potash [SOP]). The production of salt and other brine-derived products
statewide is estimated to be 2.7 million st (2.4 million mt) in 1997, 400,000 st
(363,000 mt) less than 1996.

Salt production alone is estimated to be 2.0 million st (1.8 million mt) in 1997,
with most of the production coming from three operators using brine from Great
Salt Lake. These operators are, in descending order of production: (1) GSL
Minerals, Inc., (2) Morton Salt Company, and (3) Cargill Salt, Inc. (Formerly Akzo
Nobel Salt, Inc.) In addition, three other companies produce salt and/or potash
from operations not related to Great Salt Lake: (1) Reilly Chemical Company at
Wendover in Tooele County, (2) Moab Salt Company near Moab in Grand
County, and (3) Redmond Clay and Salt Company near Redmond in Sanpete
County (salt only).

Potash (KCl) is produced by two operators, Reilly Chemical Company and

Moab Salt Company at their above-mentioned facilities. KCl production is
estimated at nearly 170,000 st (154,190 mt) in 1997, about 5,000 st (4,540 mt) less
than 1996. The production of salt and brine-derived products is expected to
continue to expand over the next several years. GSL Minerals, the largest SOP
producer in North America, is in the process of doubling SOP production from
the current level of 300,000 st (272,000 mt) per year. Statewide KCl production is
expected to remain at its current level.

Sand and Gravel and Crushed Stone

Sand and gravel, and crushed stone are the second-highest value industrial
minerals produced in 1997. These materials are produced by commercial
operators, and by state, federal, and county agencies in every county in Utah.
Due to the large number and diversity of producers, operators are not sent UGS
production questionnaires. However, data is compiled by the USGS. The latest
production data show that in 1997, more than 33.5 million st (30.4 million mt) of
sand and gravel, and 6.8 million st (6.2 million mt) of crushed stone were
produced with a combined value of $126.2 million. Due to increased highway
and airport runway construction usage should expand for the next several
years.

5
Portland Cement, Lime, Limestone, and Dolomite

Portland cement and lime were respectively the third- and fourth-highest
value industrial minerals produced in 1997. Two operators produce Portland
cement in Utah: Holnam, Inc. and Ash Grove Cement Company. Holnam's
Devil's Slide plant is east of Morgan in Morgan County, and Ash Grove's
Leamington plant is east of Lynndyl in Juab County. Both companies have
recently expanded production capacity and the two plants have a combined
capacity of 1.5 million st (1.4 million mt) of cement annually, up from 1 million st
(0.9 million mt) in 1996.

Lime usage continues to expand. Continental Lime, Inc, which produces

high-calcium lime, and Chemical Lime of Arizona, which produces dolomitic
lime, are the two suppliers of calcined limestone (quick lime) and hydrated lime
in Utah, with a combined capacity of more than 1 million st (0.9 million mt) per
year. Both operations serve markets in Utah and surrounding states.
Continental Lime's plant is in the Cricket Mountains, approximately 35 miles (56
km) southwest of Delta in Millard County, and is rated one of the 10-largest lime
plants in the United States. Chemical Lime of Arizona's plant is near Grantsville in
Tooele County.

Nine companies quarried 3.4 million st (3.1 million mt) of limestone and
dolomite in 1997. Product uses in descending order of production were: (1)
cement-1.5 million st (1.4 million mt), (2) lime-1.4 million st (1.3 million mt), (3)
industrial burners, and flue gas desulfurization-250,000 st (227,000 mt), and (4)
aggregate/other-250,000 st (227,000 mt). Limestone used for the production of
cement is quarried by Holnam, Inc. at their Devil’s Slide quarry in Morgan
County and Poverty Point quarry in Tooele County, and by Ash Grove Cement
Company from their Leamington quarry in Juab County. Limestone and
dolomitic limestone used for lime production is quarried by Continental Lime
Company at their Cricket Mountain quarry (limestone) in Millard County, and by
Chemical Lime Company of Arizona at their Grantsville quarry (dolomitic
limestone) in Tooele County. Two companies quarry limestone and/or dolomite
used in other industrial applications. They are Cotter Corporation’s Papoose
limestone quarry in San Juan County and Geneva Steel’s Keigley limestone and
dolomite quarry in Utah County. Limestone from the Papoose mine is used in
power plant flue gas desulfurization. The majority of the limestone and dolomite
from the Keigley quarry is used in the blast furnace operation at the Geneva
steel plant while the remainder is crushed to a fine powder and marketed as
"rock dust" for use as a coal-dust suppressant in underground coal mines.

Limestone used primarily for aggregate, flue gas desulfurization, and coal
mine “rock dust” is produced by Western Clay Company’s limestone quarry in

6
Sevier County, Larson Limestone Company’s quarry in Utah County, and by
Harper Construction Company’s quarry in Salt Lake County.

Phosphate

Utah's only phosphate operation, SF Phosphates Limited Company’s Vernal

Phosphate Operation, is 11 miles (18 km) north of Vernal in Uintah County. SF
Phosphates Limited is a partnership of Farmland Industries of Kansas City,
Missouri and J. R. Simplot, Inc. of Boise, Idaho. The company mines roughly 2.5
million st (2.3 million mt) of ore annually, which is processed into about 1 million st
(0.9 million mt) of concentrate and transported in slurry form to the company's
Rock Springs, Wyoming fertilizer plant via a 90-mile-long (145-km-long),
underground pipeline. The mine operates at a nearly constant annual rate
since its product is used exclusively in its company-owned fertilizer plant.
Phosphate production in 1997 is the highest in the past six years.

Gilsonite

Gilsonite production for 1997 is estimated to be 68,000 st (62,000 mt), 8,000 st

(7,300 mt) more than 1996. Gilsonite is an unusual solid hydrocarbon which has
been mined in Utah for more than 100 years. The three operations which
produce gilsonite are all near the town of Bonanza in Uintah County. In
descending order of production they are: (1) American Gilsonite Company’s
Bonanza mine, (2) Zeigler Chemical and Minerals Company’s Zeigler mine, and
(3) Lexco, Inc.’s Lexco mine. Gilsonite is used in over 150 products ranging from
printing inks to explosives, and is marketed worldwide.

Common Clay and Bentonite

More than 160,000 st (145,000 mt) of common clay were produced in 1997,
a decrease of 120,000 st (109,000 mt) from 1996. Bentonite production was
slightly more than 40,000 st (36,000 mt), the same as in 1996. In descending
order of clay production the companies were: (1) Interstate Brick Company, (2)
Interpace Industries, (3) Redmond Clay and Salt Company, and (4) Western
Clay Company. Common clay is used primarily in the manufacture of bricks.
Bentonite is used as a sealant in many civil engineering applications, pet waste
absorbent (litter box filler); oil and gas drilling; and as a binder in foundry molds.

Gypsum

Nearly 390,000 st (354,000 mt) of gypsum were produced by seven

companies in 1997, 30,000 st (27,200 mt) more than 1996. In descending order
of production the companies are: (1) U.S. Gypsum Company, (2) Georgia

7
Pacific Corporation, (3) Thomas J. Peck & Sons, (4) Western Clay Company, (5)
H.E. Davis & Sons, (6) D.K. Gypsum Industries, and (7) Robert Steele. Both U.S.
Gypsum Company and Georgia Pacific Corporation operate wall board plants
near Sigurd in Sevier County. The majority of gypsum produced in Utah is used
for making wall board, but several small operators supply raw gypsum to
regional cement companies where it is used as an additive to retard the setting
time of cement and to the agriculture industry for use as a soil conditioner.

Energy Minerals Production

Coal

Coal production, which had been on the rise for the past five years (1991-
1996), totaled 26.4 million st (23.9 million mt) in 1997, 600,000 st (544,000 mt) less
than 1996 (figure 3). In 1997, coal production was the second highest in 128
years of recorded production in the state. The highest production was
recorded in 1996 with 27.1 million st (24.6 mt) of coal produced. Despite this
decrease in production, employment in the coal industry, increased by 0.7
percent from 2,077 to 2,091 workers. Coal production from Carbon County
increased by about one million st (0.9 million mt) as both Skyline and Starpoint
mines shifted their production from Emery County to Carbon County.
Production of coal from Emery County decreased by 2.3 million st (2.1 million
mt), while production from Sevier County increased by nearly 750,000 st (680,000
mt) to an all-time high of 4.94 million st (4.48 million mt). More than 25 million st
(23 million mt) of coal were produced from federal lands. The value of coal
produced was $485 million (figure 4).

The Wasatch Plateau coal field which produced 22.9 million st (20.8 million
mt) of coal, was the major coal-producing field in Utah. The only other
producing coal field (Book Cliffs) yeilded 3.5 million st (3.2 million mt) of coal.
Coal production by county in descending order was Emery, 14.5 million st (13.2
million mt); Carbon, 7.0 million st (6.4 million mt); and Sevier, 4.9 million st (4.4
million mt). Nearly 95 percent of Utah coal was mined from federal lands.

In 1997, 25.43 million st (23.0 million mt) of coal were distributed from mined
coal; 2.3 million st (2.1 million mt) less than 1996 (figure 5). Most of this amount,
about 2 million st (1.8 million mt), was attributed to a reduction in coal exports to
other countries. Major consumers of Utah coal were: (1) consumers within the
state, 14.7 million st (13.3 million mt); (2) Pacific Rim countries of Japan, Korea,
and Taiwan, 3.5 million st (3.2 million mt); (3) Nevada, 2.6 million st (2.4 million
mt); (4) California, 2.0 million st (1.8 million mt); and (5) Tennessee, 1.5 million st
(1.4 million mt). Coal consumed by electric utilities in Utah increased by 2.3

8
million st (2.1 million mt) while coal for electric utility consumption outside of Utah
decreased by 2.0 million st (1.8 million mt) tons.

Coal production in Utah should reach an all-time high of 28.9 million st (26.2
million mt) in 1998 and productivity should increase by about 2 percent. Coal
prices should increase slightly from their current multi-year low.

The approaching second phase of the Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990
should force the creation of a larger market for high-Btu, low-sulfur coal found in
Utah. Global climate change and associated “greenhouse gas” agreements,
however, could adversely affect the consumption of coal.

As a result of more efficient mining equipment and practices, and a highly

skilled work force, coal productivity is very high in Utah’s coal industry. However,
in 1997, productivity in Utah coal mines decreased slightly. In 1998 and for the
foreseeable future, coal production and productivity should increase.

Uranium

Although no uranium mines were operating in Utah in 1997, the uranium-

vanadium industry is undergoing a modest revival in the Colorado Plateau
region of southeastern Utah and southwestern Colorado. Some of the revival
can be attributed to an anticipated price increase for uranium in 1998, but
much activity is due to the high demand and high price for vanadium. Many
of the Morrison-hosted deposits in the Colorado Plateau contain from two to
greater than five times as much vanadium as uranium.

The sale of Energy Fuels Nuclear, Inc. to International Uranium Holding

Corporation (IUHC) was finalized on May 9, 1997. IUHC acquired the 2,000 short-
ton-per-day (stpd) (1,800 metric-ton-per-day [mtpd]) White Mesa mill near
Blanding in San Juan County, and a number of mines and exploration
properties in Utah, Arizona, Colorado, and other states. The acquired properties
contained an estimated resource of 55 million pounds (25 million kg) of uranium
(U3O8) and 62 million pounds (28 million kg) of vanadium (V2O5) with much of the
resource in the Colorado Plateau of southeastern Utah and southwestern
Colorado. The mill and the properties are operated by International Uranium
(USA) Corporation (IUC), a subsidiary of IUHC.

During 1997, the White Mesa mill processed alternate feed (not mined ore)
from a variety of sources. The alternative feed milling campaign began in June
1997 and is expected to continue until July or August 1998. During 1997, the mill
produced slightly more than 600,000 pounds (272,100 kg) of uranium from
alternative feeds and expects to produce an additional 50,000 to 60,000

9
pounds (22,700 to 27,200 kg) of uranium during the second and third quarters of
1998 along with by-product tantalum and niobium concentrates. Alternate
feeds processed included 400 st (360 mt) of concentrate residue from the
Department of Energy’s Nevada test site, 4,000 st (3,630 mt) of potassium
diuranate-bearing material from Allied Signal in Illinois, and 16,000 st (14,510 mt)
of uranium-tantalum-niobium-bearing industrial byproducts from Cabot
Corporation in Pennsylvania.

International Uranium began production from the Sunday mine in Colorado

in late 1997 and plans to begin mining from the Rim mine in San Juan County in
1998. Both the Sunday and Rim mines contain substantial amounts of vanadium
which is at a nine-year high of almost $7.00 per pound ($15.44/kg) V2O5. The
Rim mine is scheduled to produce 2,000 st/month (1,800 mt/month) once full
production is achieved. Production from both mines should reach 10,000
st/month (9,100 mt/month) which is roughly equivalent to 45,000 pounds (20,400
kg) of uranium (U3O8) and 275,000 pounds (124,700 kg) of vanadium (V2O5). Ore
from the Sunday and Rim mines is being stockpiled at the mill site to be
processed beginning in August or September 1998.

With production from its operating mines, purchased ore, and alternate
feed, IUC expects to produce 1.0 million pounds (0.45 million kg) of uranium
(U3O8) and 4.0 million pounds (1.8 million kg) of vanadium (V2O5) in 1998,
increasing to 1.5 million pounds (0.7 million kg) of uranium and 7.0 million pounds
(3.2 million kg) of vanadium in 1999.

In mid-1997, the Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) issued a source

materials license to Plateau Resources, a wholly owned subsidiary of U.S. Energy
Corporation, allowing resumption of milling operations at the 1,000 stpd (910
mtpd) Shootaring Canyon uranium mill in eastern Garfield County. The mill last
operated in 1982. The company began the permitting process, rehabilitated
and refurbished the mill including construction of new acid tanks, relining tailings
ponds, replacing water lines, and updating electrical and monitoring systems.
Mill start-up and testing will begin as soon as the final water-quality permit is
issued, hopefully by mid-1998. Initial feed will be from stockpiled ore at the
millsite (94,000 st [85,000 mt] of 0.125 percent U 3O 8) and stockpiled ore from the
Tony M mine (170,000 st [154,000 mt] of 0.16 percent U 3O 8) which is located near
the plant. Subsequent feed will be from mined ore from the Tony M, Velvet,
and other mines in San Juan County.

Base- and Precious-Metals Exploration Activity

Mineral exploration in Utah remained at relatively modest levels in 1997.

Thirty-four Notices of Intent (NOI) to explore were filed with the Utah Division of

10
Oil, Gas and Mining in 1997, compared to 32 in 1996, and 22 in 1995. Over 50
percent of the NOIs were for base or precious metals. Thirteen NOIs were
principally for precious metals and five NOIs were principally for base metals.
Nearly all of the precious-metal NOIs were from individuals or from small- to
medium-sized companies. The base-metal NOIs were mostly for porphyry
copper or skarn copper. The other NOIs were for uranium-vanadium and
industrial minerals including limestone, phosphate, black sands, clay, cinders,
and hydrocarbons. Six NOIs did not designate a commodity but four of these
were probably targeting precious metals.

Much of the metals exploration was concentrated around several well

known mining districts; Stockton, Ophir, Mercur, and Bingham districts in the
Oquirrh Mountains; East and Main Tintic districts in the Tintic area; Rocky Range,
Beaver Lake, Star, and San Francisco districts in the Milford area; Clifton district in
west-central Utah; and Goldstrike and Silver Reef districts in south-central Utah
(figure 6). Most of these districts have been active for the past several years.
However, a number of new areas scattered throughout the state were explored
in 1997, mostly for precious metals.

Oquirrh Mountains

Most exploration in the Oquirrh Mountains in 1997 was done by Kennecott

Utah Copper Company who drilled 46 holes totaling 44,228 feet (13,481 m).
Twenty-six of these holes were drilled to evaluate a sediment-hosted gold
prospect at Sunshine Canyon (South Mercur) at the south end of the range.
The objective was to expand the known gold resource hosted in Mercur Series
beds downdip from the Overland and Red Cloud mines. The effort was
unfruitful. Kennecott’s gold resource estimates for the area were 50,000 ounces
(1,555 kg) in-place indicated and 50,000 ounces (1,555 kg) in-place inferred at a
grade of 0.03 to 0.04 ounces/ton (1.03 to 1.37 g/mt).

Twenty exploration holes were drilled for copper porphyry and copper-gold
skarns at Ophir, Stockton, and Settlement Canyon, and at the Fortuna skarn
deposit beneath the Bingham mine. No new reserves were delineated outside
of the Bingham mine area. Kennecott’s planned 1998 exploration program in
the Oquirrh Mountains has been curtailed indefinitely.

Kennecott released information on its recent magnetite-copper-gold skarn

discovery in the Bingham mine area. The discovery, Fortuna Skarn, is located
southeast of the North Ore Shoot deposit on the east side of the Fortuna latite
porphyry sill in the lower plate of the Midas thrust. Copper-gold mineralization
occurs in garnet skarn, massive sulfide skarn, and iron oxide skarn in the Jordan
limestone. Mineralization occurs on both limbs of the overturned Copperton

11
anticline so multiple ore zones are present. No reserves have been announced,
but reported intercepts include 65 feet (20 m) of 4.4 percent copper and 0.096
ounces/ton (3.292 g/mt) gold, and 198 feet (60 m) of 4.0 percent copper and
0.053 ounces/ton (1.817 g/mt) gold.

ASARCO did no work on its properties in the Oquirrh Mountains in 1997.

Silver Eagle Resources is currently looking for companies for joint venture or
buy-out of its properties in the Ophir district. These properties were previously
leased by Kennecott who returned them to Silver Eagle in late 1997.

Tintic Area

Several companies including Centurion Mines Corporation (now Grand

Central Silver Mines, Inc.) and Chief Consolidated Mining Corporation and its
joint ventures and subsidiaries (Tintic Utah Metals LLC and Chief Gold Mines,
Inc.) explored in the Tintic area of Utah and Juab Counties.

Tintic Utah Metals LLC conducted exploration on behalf of the joint venture
partnership of Chief Consolidated, Akiko Gold, and Korea Zinc in the Burgin and
Apex mine areas in the East Tintic district. After Akiko Gold dropped out of the
partnership in 1997, its interest reverted to Chief Consolidated and the joint
venture consisted of Chief Consolidated Mining Company (75 percent) and
Korea Zinc Company (25 percent). In late 1997, Thyssen Mining Construction
Company signed a letter of intent to acquire 24 percent of the partnership from
Chief Consolidated for cash and work commitments. During 1997, the joint
venture company drilled an additional 14 underground holes (53 underground
holes drilled since 1994) to test the southern and southwestern extensions of the
Main Burgin ore body; conducted metallurgical tests directed toward improving
zinc recovery and producing cleaner zinc and lead concentrates; and
continued mine planning and feasibility studies. Much of the mine planning
work involved developing alternative plans for mine dewatering. No additional
drilling is planned for the Burgin mine in 1998, and development is on-hold
pending results of the metallurgical and dewatering studies. Current reserves for
the Burgin mine are 1.5 million st (1.4 million mt) of proven and probable
reserves at an average grade of 16.5 ounces/ton (565.7 g/mt) silver, 21 percent
lead, and 6.7 percent zinc.

For 1998, the joint venture is planning to test and develop high-grade fissure
veins above the water table in the adjacent Apex mine. An aggressive drilling
program is planned to test the known veins below the 900 and 1100 levels.
Mining from the 1300 level may follow the drilling program. The veins are in west
dipping faults in the Tintic Quartzite and previously mined ore averaged 0.1

12
ounces/ton (3.4 g/mt) gold, 13.7 ounces/ton (469.7 g/mt) silver, 0.4 percent
copper, and 2.7 percent lead from ore shoots 3 to 10 feet (0.9 to 3.0 m) thick, 50
feet (15.2 m) wide, and 150 to 200 feet (46-61 m) long (pitch length). The joint
venture hopes to develop sufficient reserves for a small 50 to 100 stpd (45-91
mtpd) operation to provide immediate cash flow for further development.

Chief Gold Mines, Inc., a wholly owned subsidiary of Chief Consolidated

Mining, has been reviewing information on the geology and gold-silver
mineralization in the Trixie mine in the East Tintic district. They believe good
potential exists for quartzite-hosted gold-copper fissure ore between the 900
and 1025 levels of the mine. They hope to rehabilitate the Trixie shaft in 1998
and test the potential areas with a modest underground drilling program. If
successful in discovering new reserves, production could begin within a year.

Chief Consolidated did only minor exploration in the Main Tintic district. The
Chief No. 2 shaft was on stand-by for most of the year; it had been previously
rehabilitated to the 1600 level and workings on the 1400 level cleared and
rehabilitated. In 1997, Chief drilled several up- angle holes from the 1600 level,
testing for lead-zinc-silver ore along the “Plutus ore zone” (eastern part of
Mammoth Chief ore zone) with negative results. In 1998, the company plans to
continue to rehabilitate the 1600 level south to the American Star claim and to
test the projection of the ore zone between the 1400 and 1800 levels.

Royal Silver Mines, Inc. and Centurion Mines Corporation merged in late
1997 to form Grand Central Silver Mines, Inc. Centurion contributed its patented
mining properties in the Tintic, Beaver Lake, and West Tintic districts, as well as
other exploration properties throughout the state. Royal Silver contributed its
patented claims in the Coeur d’Alene district of Idaho, and other claims and
exploration properties in the United States, Mexico, Chile, and Argentina.

Most of Centurion’s work in the Tintic district in 1997 consisted of creating a

computer data base of past information including production, mine workings
and geology, underground drilling and sampling, and other geologic,
geochemical, and geophysical information. Based on the compilation, they
have identified a number of precious metal-rich, polymetallic targets they
believe worthy of testing. Most of these targets are in the Main Tintic district
near Mammoth. Most exploration will be done by underground drilling and
drifting, and will require rehabilitating one or more shafts for access. Grand
Central (Centurion) is currently seeking joint venture partners to test these
targets. The company is also investigating the possibility of re-opening the
Dragon mine for halloysite. The mine is located in the Mammoth area. Little
work is planned in 1998 for the several copper-porphyry targets in the
southwestern part of the district.

13
 Milford Area

The Milford area of central Beaver County was one of the more active
exploration areas in the state in 1997 both in terms of the number of companies
exploring and the variety of targets sought. Companies exploring in the area
included Grand Central Silver Mines, Nevada Star Resources, Cortex Mining,
Horn Silver Mines, West Hills Excavating, and Neary Resources Corporation.

Grand Central Silver Mines through its subsidiary, Dotson Exploration

Company, continued exploration and development work on the O.K. mine in
the Beaver Lake district. Twenty-five to thirty, 300-foot (90-m), reverse-circulation
holes were drilled southeast of the O.K. mine in the “Far East copper oxide” zone
in early 1997. The holes confirmed the presence of ore-grade mineralization
from the O.K. mine to the Mary I mine; a distance of nearly 4,000 feet (1,200 m).
In November 1997, Nevada Star Resources entered into a preliminary
agreement to acquire the property, conditional upon the successful financing,
construction, and operation of a heap-leach, solvent-extraction, electrowinning
plant at the O.K. mine site. Upon finalizing that agreement Grand Central Silver
Mines will retain a 12 percent carried interest that can be converted to a 30
percent joint venture working interest.

Nevada Star subsequently acquired the properties held by Cortex Mining in

the Rocky Range district to the east. Grand Central Silver holds a 12 percent
carried interest in the Cortex property that can be converted to a 30 percent
joint venture working interest. The Cortex properties contain both near-surface
oxide-sulfide (chrysocolla-malachite-brochantite-covellite-chalcocite), and
deeper sulfide (chalcopyrite-bornite) copper mineralization in skarns adjacent
to small quartz monzonite plugs.

Minable reserves for the combined Grand Central Silver and Cortex
properties are approximately 6.4 million st (5.8 million mt) of 0.74 percent
copper. About 3.5 million st (3.2 million mt) are in-ground reserves at the
O.K./Mary I deposit in the Beaver Lake district, about 1.5 million st (1.4 million mt)
in the Hidden Treasure, Copper Ranch, and Maria mines in the Rocky Range
district and the remainder in stockpiles, dumps, and old leach pads.

During 1998, Nevada Star plans to drill the Cortex property to confirm and
increase reserves, prepare a bankable feasibility study covering both properties,
and finalize project financing. The company hopes to begin plant construction
by mid-1998 with cathode copper production beginning in late 1998 to early
1999. Nearly all the required permits have been obtained and others are in the
final stages of approval. The plant will initially produce 30,000 pounds (13,600
kg) of cathode copper per day, subsequently increasing to 40,000 pounds

14
(18,100 kg) of cathode copper per day. Mine life is estimated to be 7 to 10
years.

Horn Silver Mines conducted exploration in the San Francisco-Preuss district

for zinc, precious metals, and wollastonite. The company cleared and
reclaimed the surface area around the King David shaft in preparation for
rehabilitating the shaft to at least the 900 level and accessing the 300, 650, and
900 levels. They also conducted a soil sampling program (540 samples) north
and west of Grampian Hill and discovered several anomalous areas with “ore
grade” gold values in altered Paleozoic carbonate rocks. Horn Silver started
evaluating the large oxidized zinc zone immediately to the west of the main
Horn Silver and King David workings. This zone consists of a relatively continuous
sheath or crust of hemimorphite and smithsonite in limestone on the west side
of the Horn Silver vein. Earlier drilling and sampling suggested that the zone
contained about 1 million st (0.9 million mt) of ore containing 23 to 25 percent
zinc. The company is investigating the feasibility of converting the zinc into
ZnSO4 for use as an agricultural supplement. Northwest of the King David-Horn
Silver area, the company evaluated a wollastonite deposit on the southern
contact of the Cactus stock in Loeber Gulch. Preliminary sampling and testing
indicates the wollastonite has low impurities and exhibits good acicularity
(wollastonite with a high crystal length to width ratio is desirable).

In 1998, Horn Silver plans to collect 300 to 400 underground samples from the
300, 650, and possibly the 900 levels of the King David mine and a number of
additional samples from the Horn Silver mine. The work is expected to begin by
early summer. Additional sampling is also planned in the oxidized zinc zone to
better confirm the tonnage and grade, and drilling is planned for the
wollastonite deposit. The company is hopeful of proving up 1 million st (0.9
million mt) of wollastonite ore. No follow-up work is planned on the gold soil
anomalies but a small heap leach operation is planned to process oxidized
lead-zinc-silver-gold ore from the Horn Silver-King David area.

Centurion Mines Corporation (now Grand Central Silver Mines) continued to

hold properties in the Blue Mountain area southwest of Milford. The properties
include the Southern Gold Zone prospect, the Blue Mountain porphyry copper-
molybdenum prospect, and the Blawn Wash gold-silver jasperoid prospect.
Because of the increased exploration and development work at the O.K. mine,
little exploration was done on these properties. At least one hole was drilled on
the Blue Mountain prospect which intersected mineralized intrusive rock; assay
results have not been released. Exploration plans for 1998 have not been
finalized.

15
 West Hills Excavating drilled in three areas in the Star Range and Shauntie
Hills areas southwest of Milford for copper and precious metals. The Dirty Dog
and Pele prospects were tested for copper in intrusive rocks, and the Hidden
Treasure prospect was tested for gold in silicified and altered volcanic rocks.
West Hills drilled a single hole on their Dirty Dog prospect south of Shauntie Hills
at the south end of the Star range. The drill hole intersected fresh unaltered
intrusives with no significant sulfide mineralization and no future work is planned.
The company also drilled seven holes averaging 1,000 feet (300 m) deep on
their Pele prospect on the northwest side of the range. The holes intersected a
weakly propylitized quartz monzonite intrusive with only low metal values.
Geophysical work is planned for 1998, possibly followed by additional drilling.
Thirteen holes were drilled in late 1997 on the Hidden Treasure prospect north of
the Shautie Hills. The holes were 400 to 500 feet (120-150 m) deep. Assays
received to date show up to 300 ppb gold; other assay results are pending.

In mid-1997, Neary Resources Corporation through Gemstone Mining, Inc.

(GMI) acquired from Kennecott Exploration Company the option to purchase
the Ruby Violet gemstone mine and associated claims. The property is located
about 25 miles (40 km) southwest of Milford in southern Beaver County. The
property is one of the few sources of gem-quality red beryl in the world. From
1993 to 1997, the property was explored and evaluated by Kennecott for “bulk
gemstone mining” potential. Kennecott drilled 56 core holes for a total of
12,824 feet (3,909 m), excavated over 2,000 feet (610 m) of underground drifts,
and collected over 12,000 st (10,900 mt) of ore for bulk testing and processing.
Since acquiring the option, Neary Resources has drilled 13 holes, collected a
bulk sample of 2,700 st (2,450 mt) for testing in their pilot plant near Minersville,
and retained the services of MVI Marketing Ltd. to evaluate the potential
market for the gems. Announced resources (inferred) are 1.72 million st (1.56
million mt) of 13.11 grams/ton (65.55 carats/ton) red beryl. The grade of
finished, gem-quality beryl is estimated to be about 4 percent of the overall
grade or 2.86 carats/ton. Cut and finished, gem-quality, red beryl sells from
$500 to over $5,000/carat depending on size and quality.

During 1998, Neary plans to continue to evaluate, sort, and grade the beryl
to determine an average price/carat; prepare a more detailed feasibility study
for yearly production rates of 25,000 to 50,000 st/year (23,000-45,000 mt/year);
assess and possibly develop the water resources needed for processing; and
initiate the mine-permitting process.

West-Central Utah

Clifton Mining Company continued work on their properties in the Clifton

district of western Tooele County. In 1997 they built a new road on the

16
southeast side of Southern Confederate Hill to provide access to the Hidden
Mine, Yellow Cougar, and Southern Confederate vein/shear zones; accessed
and sampled 1,500 feet (460 m) of drifts, cross cuts, and winzes; sampled 4,500
feet (1,370 m) of surface exposures; and drilled 12 core holes totaling 3,000 feet
(910 m). Based on the 1997 work, proven and probable reserves for the “Clifton
Shears” have been increased 31 percent to 488,000 st (443,000 mt) at an
average silver grade of 8.0 ounces/ton (274 g/mt), 0.04 ounces/ton (1.37 g/mt)
gold, and 5.5 percent lead. Reserves added in 1997 include 105,000 st (95,200
mt) at an average grade of 8.47 ounces/ton (290.4 g/mt) silver, 0.024
ounces/ton (0.823 g/mt) gold, and 5.73 percent lead in the Hidden Mine
vein/shear, and an additional 8,000 st (7,260 mt) in the Yellow Cougar
vein/shear.

The “Clifton Shears” are a series of generally northeast-trending fissure veins

and shears in quartz monzonite carrying values in gold, silver, lead, and copper.
The veins and shears occur in a 5,000-foot (1,520-m) wide zone extending from
the Herat mine in the north to the Monaco mine to the south. At least 40 ore-
bearing veins are known within this zone but only 11 have been sufficiently
tested to be included in the resource estimate. The veins and shears are from 1
to 10 feet (0.3-3.0-m) wide, up to 6,000 feet (1,830 m) long, and contain pods
and lenses of quartz, pyrite, and base-metal sulfides and their oxidation
products. A number of bedded replacement deposits are also present in the
same area. These deposits are 1- to 3-foot (0.3-1.0-m) thick replacements of
interbedded limestone adjacent to the fissure veins and shears. The limestone
replacement deposits contain significant silver, gold, lead, and occasional
copper values. Average values for these deposits based on surface and
underground sampling are approximately 0.04 ounces/ton (1.37 g/mt) gold, 12
ounces/ton (411 g/mt) silver, and 10 percent lead. A recently discovered
replacement deposit (Cabin Bedding) assayed 28.1 ounces/ton (963.4 g/mt)
silver, 0.013 ounces/ton (0.446 g/mt) gold, and 17.6 percent lead over a 2-foot
(0.6 m) intercept. To date no reserve numbers have been assigned to the
replacement deposits even though they represent a significant resource.

Clifton Mining Company began milling in late 1997. The mill is currently
operating at 250 stpd (230 mtpd) for seven days every two weeks with plans to
operate 24 hours/day, 7 days/week by late spring 1998. Initial feed will be from
surface cuts and existing workings with subsequent production from several new
openings that will intersect multiple veins and shear zones. Construction of a
second plant is planned when sufficient reserves are developed which will more
than triple the existing milling capacity.

BHP Minerals drilled two, approximately 1,500-foot- (460-m-) deep holes on

the “Little Bingham” property in the West Tintic district in 1997 to test concepts

17
developed during the 1996 program. Results were discouraging and they
returned the property to the owner. The target was porphyry copper
mineralization beneath alluvium and post-mineralization volcanic cover.

Phelps Dodge did surface mapping and sampling on their Maple Spring
property at the south end of the West Tintic Mountains for sediment-hosted gold
in association with jasperoids and pebble dikes in Paleozoic rocks. They plan to
continue work on the property in 1998. Phelps Dodge also collected surface
samples and ran an Induced Polarization survey over the Coyote Springs
property west of the Simpson Mountains before returning the property to the
owner. The pediment play target was sediment-hosted gold associated with
jasperoids in lower Cambrian carbonate rocks.

Orion International Minerals continued to evaluate the Coyote Knolls

property in the Desert Mountain district of northern Juab County. The target is a
precious-metal-bearing, highly silicified and veined breccia/pebble dike. Orion
trenched the length of the exposed structure and collected about 100 surface
samples. The samples averaged 0.12 ounces/ton (4.11 g/mt) gold, and 22
ounces/ton (754 g/mt) silver. Orion also drilled seven angle holes totaling 1,800
feet (549 m). The holes intersected 3- to 5-foot- (0.9-1.5-m-) thick zones of
silicified breccia at depths of 240 to 260 feet (73-79 m) with grades similar to the
surface grades. Plans for 1998 include 1,500 to 2,000 feet (457-610 m) of core
drilling, mostly to the west to extend the strike length of the mineralization. Orion
also plans to set up a small processing plant on site to test 1,000 to 2,000 st (900-
1,800 mt) of stockpiled ore for amenability to gravity concentration.

Very little work was done in the Kings Canyon area of western Millard
County. The Kings Canyon property was returned to Crown Resources by Orion
International Minerals. The planned 10 hole drilling program was canceled due
to low gold prices. Grand Central Silver Mines also holds a number of gold
properties in the Kings Canyon area but did little exploration in 1997. Most
companies are retaining their properties but doing little work due to current low
gold prices and uncertainty about the future of the King Top Wilderness Study
Area, which contains many of the better prospects.

Southwestern Utah

In the Goldstrike district of western Washington County, North Mining, Inc.

drilled three angle holes to test for deep mineralization along northeast-trending
structures in Paleozoic rocks. The holes were drilled in the Padre pit (600 feet
[183 m] deep), Main zone pit (600 feet [183 m] deep), and Hamburg pit (900
feet [274 m] deep). All the holes intersected strongly altered and brecciated
Paleozoic carbonates, but gold assays were generally low (best assay-0.4 ppm

18
gold). North Mining terminated the joint venture at the end of 1997 and
returned the properties to Bull Valley LLC. Bull Valley feels the property is worthy
of additional testing and is seeking joint venture partners.

To the northwest, on the east side of Mineral Mountain, Dakota Mining

Company drilled five, 200-foot- (61-m-) deep holes on their Castlerock prospect.
The target was sediment-hosted gold below outcropping jasperoids. Results
were discouraging and no additional work is planned.

Silver Standard Resources drilled eight holes totaling 5,000 feet (1,524 m) in
the northern part of the Silver Reef district. The target was disseminated or roll-
front silver in the western downdip continuation of the White Reef sandstone
bed at depths of 400 to 700 feet (120-210 m). The holes intersected oxidized
silver mineralization associated with copper carbonates and oxides associated
with carbonaceous material. The holes intersected one to three silver-bearing
zones with individual thicknesses ranging from 2 to 28 feet (0.6 to 9 m).
Representative values range from 2 to 8 ounces/ton (69 to 274 g/mt) silver over
thicknesses of 3 to 20 feet (0.9-6 m). Several of the better intercepts include
10.8 feet (3.3 m) of 8.7 ounces/ton (298 g/mt) silver in hole B15I, and 28.9 feet
(8.8 m) of 3.1 ounces/ton (106.3 g/mt) silver, and 10.5 feet (3.2 m) of 2
ounces/ton (69 g/mt) silver in hole B15F. Additional fence drilling is planned for
1998 to extend the strike length of the mineralized horizons.

Phelps Dodge did surface mapping and sampling in the Stateline district in
western Iron County for precious metals. No decision has been made yet on
additional work in the district for 1998.

Several companies were active in the Washington-Indian Peak district.

Royal Gold drilled seven holes for a total of 4,550 feet (1,387 m) on the Indian
Peak property. The target was jasperoid, sediment-hosted gold. Some narrow
zones assayed up to 0.05 ounces/ton (1.71 g/mt) gold. Results are currently
being evaluated. Farther south, West Hills Excavating drilled eight holes on their
Blue Jay gold-copper prospect. The target is copper-gold skarn and gold-
bearing jasperoids. Drill results were moderately encouraging with some
intercepts assaying up to 0.04 ounces/ton (1.37 g/mt) gold.

South-Central Utah

3-R Minerals continued to evaluate the titanium-zirconium potential of fossil

beach placers in the Kaiparowits Plateau region of Garfield and Kane Counties.
During 1997, they acquired leases on seven Utah state sections, collected and
assayed nearly 100 samples, and conducted commutation and metallurgical
studies on samples from the Escalante (Calf-Dave Canyon) deposit. Preliminary

19
results indicated that: (1) the heavy mineral zones are thicker than initially
thought, often as several overlapping stacked lenses; (2) zircon-rich zones are
present which were not initially recognized since they are not iron-stained,
cemented, strongly magnetic, or radiometric; ( 3) additional newly recognized
favorable horizons are present that contain significant zirconium and titanium
values; (4) byproduct niobium, tantalum, and gold are present in some of the
black sand deposits; and (5) a premium zircon concentrate and a 62 percent
TiO2 ilmenite concentrate can be produced using a combination of gravity,
electrostatic, and magnetic separation techniques.

In late 1997, Southern Mining Corporation BV negotiated an option to

acquire 50 percent of 3-R Minerals which it assigned to Southern Mining
Corporation, its South African mineral sands mining subsidiary. Southern Mining
also agreed to spend up to $10 million on exploration and pre-production costs
to develop the deposits and hired TZ Minerals International of Perth, Australia to
help in the resource and metallurgical evaluation. Nearly all of the titanium-
zirconium placers are within the Grand Staircase-Escalante National Monument
and development of any deposits would most likely be confined to those on
Utah state sections.

The Henry Mountains mining district is being explored for both lode and
placer gold by several companies. For the past several years, Kaibab Industries
has been evaluating the hard-rock gold potential in the Bromide Basin on the
east side of Mount Ellen, and producing modest amounts of ore from four mines.
Production has come from the underground Bromide and Crescent Creek
mines, and from the Henrietta and South Basin open-pit mines. About 5,200 st
(4,700 mt) of ore have been mined and processed during the past three years,
but most was relatively high grade, reportedly averaging 0.2 ounces/ton (6.9
g/mt) gold from the open pit mines and from 0.6 to nearly 2.0 ounces/ton (20.6
to 68.6 g/mt) gold from the underground mines. The ore is present in quartz
fissure veins, silicified breccias in Tertiary diorite intrusive rocks, and is associated
with pyrite, chalcopyrite, and magnetite. To the east of the lode deposits, MCW
Industries of Grand Junction has consolidated the placer properties along and
adjacent to Crescent Creek and acquired three state leases. Detrital gold is
present in both the stream-channel gravels and in Quaternary fanglomerate
and pediment gravels. MCW is planning to build a 150 st/hour (136 mt/hour)
recovery plant to process the placer gravels. An estimated 2.5 million st (2.3
million mt) of gold-bearing gravel are present along and adjacent to Crescent
Creek averaging $4.00/yard3 ($5.23/m3) in gravity-recoverable gold. MCW and
Kiabab Industries are planning to jointly build a mill to process the lode ore from
Bromide Basin. In addition, several other companies are exploring for both lode
and placer gold on the western and southern sides of Mount Ellen.

20
Southeastern Utah

Little progress was made in 1997 toward developing the Lisbon Valley open-pit,
copper mine in San Juan County. In late March 1997, the U.S. Bureau of Land
Management approved Summo Minerals Corporation’s Plan of Operations and
signed a Record of Decision which authorized Summo to begin mine
construction and development. This decision was subsequently appealed by a
Moab-based environmental group contending that among other issues, that
ground water protection had been inadequately addressed. The U.S. Interior
Board of Land Appeals reviewed the appeal and dismissed most of the charges
but granted a Partial Stay until the ground water protection issue was resolved.
Summo recently completed a six-month study which concluded that the natural
ground water in the area is Class III (moderately contaminated) and that no
measurable changes in ground water quality are expected as a result of
mining. Summo is hopeful that the Partial Stay can be resolved by May 1998,
and that construction can begin. All arrangements for construction, contract
mining, and financing remain in place. Current reserves are 46.5 million st (42.2
million mt) of ore at an average grade of 0.436 percent copper with an overall
strip ratio of 2.36:1 in three designated mine areas. Recent feasibility studies
indicate the operation is profitable at $0.80 per pound ($1.76/kg) copper.

Figure 1
Utah mineral valuation--gross value estimate, 1995 to 1997.

Figure 2
Utah nonfuel minerals valuation, 1986 to 1996.

Figure 3
Utah coal production, 1987 to 1997.

Figure 4
Utah coal valuation, 1987 to 1997.

Figure 5
Utah coal sales by destination, 1988 to 1997.

Figure 6
Major base- and precious-metals exploration areas in Utah during 1997.
 Figure 1.

$1,500

$1,250 $1,198
1995

$1,000 $960 $949 1996

Millions

1997
$750

$533
$500 $485
$500 $479
$429 $433

$310 $326
$289
$250

$0
Base Metals Coal Industrial Minerals Precious Metals
Industry Segment
 Figure 2.
$2,000
$1,840

$1,560
$1,520
$1,500
$1,334 $1,348
$1,290 $1,310

$1,149
Millions

$1,015
$1,000

$700

$500
$374

$0
1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996
Year
 Figure 3.

29

27.1
27 26.4

25.1
25 24.4
Tons in millions
23
22.0 21.9 21.7
21.0
21 20.5

19
18.2

17 16.5

15
1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997
Year
 Figure 4.
520

$500
500
$490
$485
$479 $479
480
$472
$ Millions

$459 $460
460
$451

440

420 $417
$415

400
1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997
Year
 Figure 5.
30
28.2

25.4 25.4
25
Exported
23.4

21.7 21.7 21.9

21.3
20.3 In-State
20
Tons in millions

18.2

15

10

0
1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997
Year
 1998 Summary of Mineral Activity in Utah
R.L. Bon and R.W. Gloyn, Utah Geological Survey

Summary

The value of Utah's mineral production (including coal) in 1998 is estimated to be

$1.86 billion, $401 million less than in 1997. Contributions from each of the major
industry segments are: base metals, $688 million (37 percent of total); industrial
minerals, $534 million (29 percent of total); coal, $479 million (26 percent of total); and
precious metals, $154 million (8 percent of total).
The changes in Utah's mineral valuation by industry segment for the years 1995-
1998 are shown in figure 1. Compared to 1997, the 1998 values of: (1) base metals
decreased $261 million, (2) industrial minerals increased $1 million, (3) coal decreased
$6 million, and (4) precious metals decreased $135 million. Prices decreased for most
base metals (copper, molybdenum, and magnesium), while precious metals were split;
silver prices increased slightly while gold prices decreased modestly. Coal prices
decreased slightly in 1998. Industrial mineral prices increased slightly for several
commodities (cement, heavy clay, gypsum, perlite, phosphate, and potash) remained
flat for most commodities and were lower for other commodities (bentonite, lime, and
salt).
Outlook

The value of mineral production is expected to decrease in 1999 primarily due to

lower base- and precious-metal prices. Operator surveys indicate that in 1999, base-
metal production should remain relatively stable, precious-metal production should
increase moderately, and coal production should increase modestly, establishing
another year of record production. Industrial mineral commodities as a whole should
show an increase in value in 1999, due mostly to increased production. Prices for
copper, molybdenum, magnesium, and gold are at their respective multi-year lows and
no improvement in prices is forecast for 1999. Prices for most industrial minerals
should remain relatively flat while coal prices are expected to increase slightly. Base-
and precious-metal exploration will remain low until the market for these minerals
improves.

Mine Permit Summary and Status

During 1998, the Utah Division of Oil, Gas and Mining (DOGM) received eight
Large Mine permit applications (5 acres [2 hectares] and larger disturbance) and 42
new Small Mine permit applications (less than 5 acres [2 hectares] disturbance). Six of
the Large Mine applications were made to change from Small to Large Mine status.
These numbers represent an increase of three Large Mine and nine Small Mine permit
applications compared to 1997. New Large Mine permits include five dimension stone
quarries, one limestone quarry (aggregate), one gypsum quarry, and one silica quarry.

1
New Small Mine permits are grouped as follows: industrial minerals - 30, uranium-
vanadium - 11, and precious metals - 1.
The state has 71 active Large mines (excluding sand and gravel) that are grouped
by industry segment as follows: base metals - 5, precious metals - 1, coal - 13, and
industrial minerals - 52. Eighty Small mines reported production in 1997. Small mines
are grouped as follows: industrial minerals - 61 (including building, decorative, and
dimension stone), gemstones - 7, precious- and base metals - 8, fossils - 1, and other -
3.
In December 1998, DOGM sent 476 annual report questionnaires to all Large and
Small Mine permit holders. By March 1, 1999, 267 reports had been received. Fifty-
eight Large mines and 80 Small mines reported production. Several reporting mines
produced more than one commodity. In addition, 12 coal mines and one coal recovery
plant reported production for 1998.

Exploration Permits

Mineral exploration statewide has decreased substantially compared to 1997.

Twenty-two Notices of Intent (NOI) to explore on public lands were filed with DOGM in
1998, compared to 34 in 1997. The number of new NOIs listed by county included:
Beaver - 8, Millard - 2, Tooele - 2, Uintah - 2, Utah - 2, and one each in Box Elder,
Grand, Iron, Sevier, Summit, and Wasatch Counties. Fourteen permits were issued for
base- and/or precious-metals exploration, and seven permits were issued that targeted
industrial minerals. One permit was issued for a water well. Most of the base and
precious metal NOIs were from individuals or small companies. Two affiliated
companies account for 6 of the 14 NOIs.

National Rankings

The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) ranked Utah fifth in the nation (up from
seventh) in the value of nonfuel minerals produced in 1997 (latest year for which
production figures are available). Utah accounted for nearly 4.5 percent of the U.S.
total nonfuel mineral production value. The state ranked first in beryllium and gilsonite;
second in copper, gold, magnesium metal, and potash; third in molybdenum and
mercury; fourth in phosphate rock and grade-A helium; fifth in silver; sixth in salt and
bentonite; and tenth in construction sand and gravel. Utah ranks 14th in coal
production (down from 12th in 1997).
According to the USGS, between 1987 and 1997 the value of nonfuel mineral
production in Utah increased from $700 million to over $1.8 billion; the high was
achieved in 1995 (figure 2). Nonfuel mineral production for 1997 is estimated to be
$1.76 billion, the second-highest year of record. The Utah Geological Survey's (UGS)
estimate for nonfuel mineral production for 1998 is $1.38 billion, $395 million less than
1997.

2
 Base- and Precious-Metal Production

Base-metal production, valued at $688 million, was the largest contributor to the
value of minerals produced in 1998. In descending order of value, those metals are:
copper, magnesium metal, molybdenum, beryllium, and vanadium. Precious-metal
production, valued at $154 million, included gold (85% of total value) and silver (15% of
total value). Kennecott Utah Copper Corporation’s Bingham Canyon mine in Salt Lake
County is the state’s sole producer of copper, silver, and molybdenum, and a major
producer of gold. The combined value of minerals produced from the Bingham Canyon
mine is more than one-third of the total value of all minerals produced statewide.

Copper

Copper is the largest contributor to the value of nonfuel minerals in the state.
Significant price increases in 1994 and 1995 pushed the value of copper to historical
highs and the value of base-metal production statewide to over $1 billion for the first
time in 1995. Since 1995 the price of copper has fallen significantly ($1.38/lb
[$3.04/kg] in 1995 vs $0.80/lb [$1.76/kg] in 1998). Copper production from Kennecott's
Bingham Canyon mine in Salt Lake County decreased modestly in 1998 to about
310,000 short tons (st), (281,000 metric tons [mt]) from 1997 production of about
330,000 st (300,000 mt) of copper metal. With the completion of their modernization
and expansion program, Kennecott's copper production has stabilized at a rate slightly
higher than 300,000 st (272,000 mt) annually.

Magnesium Metal

Magnesium metal was the second-largest contributor to the value of base metals in
1998. Magnesium metal is produced from Great Salt Lake brines by Magnesium
Corporation of America at its electrolytic plant at Rowley in Tooele County. The plant
has a capacity to produce 44,000 st (40,000 mt) of magnesium metal (99.9 percent
purity) annually and is one of only two active primary processing facilities in the U.S.
Magnesium production was near capacity in 1998, although demand has decreased
worldwide. Domestic producer prices were at their lowest level since 1994.

Molybdenum

The sole molybdenum producer in Utah is Kennecott's Bingham Canyon mine,

which produced about 10,000 st (9,100 mt) of molybdenum concentrate (MoS2) in 1998,
a significant decrease from the nearly 20,000 st (18,000 mt) produced in 1997. The
Bingham Canyon mine was one of 11 molybdenum producers in the U.S. in 1998.
Molybdenum is recovered as a by-product from the copper milling operation.

Beryllium

3
 Utah continued to be the nation's leading producer of beryllium metal. Beryllium
ore (bertrandite) is mined at Brush Wellman, Inc.’s Topaz and Hogs Back mines in
Juab County and processed with imported beryl at the company's plant a few miles
north of Delta in Millard County. The Hogs Back mine began producing in 1998. In
1998, more than 170,000 st (154,000 mt) of ore was mined and trucked to the
company’s Delta plant for processing. The product (beryllium hydroxide) is then sent to
the company-owned refinery and finishing plant in Ohio where it is converted into
beryllium metal, alloys, and oxide. The demand for beryllium alloys and beryllium oxide
has increased modestly over the past several years as alloys are being introduced into
components for the automobile and electronics industries. Beryllium production in
1998 is the highest in the past several years.

Vanadium

International Uranium (USA) Corporation (IUC) mined a small amount of vanadium

ore from the Rim mine in San Juan County. The ore was shipped to IUC’s White Mesa
mill near Blanding for processing. The mine had been on standby for several years.
Vanadium production is expected to increase at the Rim mine and several new
vanadium mines are planning to begin operations in 1999. Vanadium prices reached
their highest level in the past five years in early 1998 before declining significantly by
year’s end. This spike in price lead to a resurgence of new Small Mine permits but
almost no increase in ore production.

Gold and Silver

Gold production in 1998 is estimated to be more than 400,000 ounces (oz) (12,400
kilograms [kg]), a significant decrease from the record-high of nearly 800,000 oz
(24,900 kg) produced in 1997. Gold is produced from two surface mines owned by
Kennecott Corporation: one primary producer (Barneys Canyon mine) and one by-
product operation (Bingham Canyon mine), both located in Salt Lake County. Several
small mines in the state are known to produce minor amounts of precious metals but
metal-specific production is not reported, and not included in the above totals.
In 1998, silver production statewide was estimated at about 4.0 million oz (0.12
million kg), about 800,000 oz (24,900 kg) less than 1997. Silver was produced as a by-
product metal from the Bingham Canyon mine.

Industrial Mineral Production

The industrial minerals segment, valued at $543 million, was the second-largest
contributor to the value of minerals produced in 1998. Major commodities produced by
group or individual commodity in descending order of value included: (1) salines,
including sulfate of potash, salt, potash (KCl), and magnesium chloride; (2) sand and
gravel, and crushed stone; (3) Portland cement, lime, limestone, and dolomite; (4)

4
phosphate; (5) gilsonite; (6) gypsum; (7) common clay and bentonite; and (8) expanded
shale.

Salt, Magnesium Chloride, Potash (Potassium Chloride), and Sulfate of Potash

Brine-derived products including salt are the largest contributors to the value of
industrial mineral production in Utah. In addition to salt, other brine-derived products
include magnesium chloride and potash (potassium chloride and sulphate of potash
[SOP]). The production of salt and other brine-derived products statewide is estimated
to be 2.7 million st (2.4 million mt) in 1998, the same as 1997.
Salt production alone is estimated to be 1.7 million st (1.5 million mt) in 1998, with
most of the production coming from three operators using brine from Great Salt Lake.
These operators are, in descending order of production: (1) IMC Kalium Ogden, Inc.
(formerly GSL Minerals), (2) Morton Salt Company, and (3) Cargill Salt Company
(formerly Akzo Nobel Salt). In addition, three other companies produce salt and/or
potash from operations not related to Great Salt Lake: (1) Reilly Chemical Company at
Wendover in Tooele County (potash), (2) Moab Salt Company near Moab in Grand
County (salt and potash), and (3) Redmond Minerals, Inc. near Redmond in Sanpete
County (salt only).
Potash (KCl and SOP) is produced by three companies: IMC Kalium Ogden, Inc.,
Reilly Chemical Company, and Moab Salt Company at their above-mentioned facilities.
Potash production is estimated to be more than 430,000 st (390,000 mt) in 1998, about
90,000 st (82,000 mt) less than 1997.

Sand and Gravel and Crushed Stone

Sand and gravel, and crushed stone (including limestone and dolomite) are the
second-highest value industrial minerals produced in 1998. These materials are
produced in every county in Utah by commercial operators, and by state, federal, and
county agencies. Due to the large number and diversity of producers, operators are
not sent UGS production questionnaires. However, data are compiled by the USGS.
The latest production data show that in 1997, 33.5 million st (30.4 million mt) of sand
and gravel, and 6.9 million st (6.3 million mt) of crushed stone were produced with a
combined value of $126.2 million. Due to increased highway construction, airport
runway construction, and rapid population growth, usage should remain relatively high
for the next several years.

Portland Cement, Lime, Limestone, and Dolomite

Portland cement and lime were respectively the third- and fourth-highest value
industrial minerals produced in 1998. Two operators produce Portland cement in Utah:
Holnam, Inc. and Ash Grove Cement Company. Holnam's Devil's Slide plant is east of
Morgan in Morgan County, and Ash Grove's Leamington plant is east of Lynndyl in

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Juab County. Both companies have recently expanded production capacity and the
two plants have a combined capacity of more than 1.5 million st (1.4 million mt) of
cement annually, up from 1 million st (0.9 million mt) in 1997. Both plants operated at
or near capacity in 1998.
Lime demand and production remained strong in 1998. Continental Lime
Company, which produces high-calcium lime, and Chemical Lime of Arizona, Inc.,
which produces dolomitic lime, are the two suppliers of calcined limestone (quick lime)
and hydrated lime in Utah, with a combined capacity of more than 1 million st (0.9
million mt) per year. Both operations serve markets in Utah and surrounding states.
Continental Lime's plant is in the Cricket Mountains, approximately 35 miles (56 km)
southwest of Delta in Millard County, and is rated as one of the 10 largest lime plants in
the United States. Chemical Lime of Arizona's plant is near Grantsville in Tooele
County.
Nine companies quarried 2.4 million st (2.2 million mt) of limestone and dolomite in
1998 which was used mainly in the construction industry (2.1 million st [1.9 million mt]).
Approximately 300,000 st (270,000 mt) were used in steel-making and for flue gas
desulfurization in power plants. The three largest suppliers of crushed aggregate used
in construction are: Valley Asphalt Company from two quarries in Utah County, Larsen
Limestone Company from one quarry in Utah County, and Harper Construction
Company from one quarry in Salt Lake County. A small amount of limestone and
dolomite was also crushed to a fine powder and marketed as “rock dust” to the coal
mining industry.

Phosphate

Utah's only phosphate operation, SF Phosphate Ltd.’s Vernal Phosphate

Operation, is 11 miles (18 km) north of Vernal in Uintah County. SF Phosphates is a
partnership of Farmland Industries, Inc. (Missouri) and J. R. Simplot, Inc. (Idaho). The
company mines roughly 2.5 million st (2.3 million mt) of ore annually, which is
processed into about 1 million st (0.9 million mt) of concentrate and transported in
slurry form to the company's Rock Springs, Wyoming fertilizer plant via a 90-mile-long
(144-km-long) underground pipeline. During 1998 the mine produced more than 3
million st (2.7 million mt) of ore, the highest production level in the past seven years.

Gilsonite

Gilsonite production for 1998 is estimated to be 65,000 st (59,000 mt), about the
same as 1997. Gilsonite is an unusual solid hydrocarbon that has been mined in Utah
for more than 100 years. The three operations that produce gilsonite are all near the
town of Bonanza in eastern Uintah County. In descending order of production they are:
(1) American Gilsonite Company’s Bonanza mine, (2) Zeigler Chemical and Minerals
Company’s Zeigler and Tom Taylor mines, and (3) Lexco, Inc.’s Cottonwood mine.
Gilsonite is used in over 150 products ranging from printing inks to explosives and is

6
marketed worldwide. Gilsonite production has been relatively stable for the past
several years.

Gypsum

More than 400,000 st (363,000 mt) of gypsum were produced by six companies in
1998, slightly more than in 1997. In descending order of production the companies are:
(1) Georgia Pacific Corporation, (2) U.S. Gypsum Company, (3) Thomas J. Peck and
Sons, (4) H.E. Davis and Sons, (5) D.K. Gypsum Industries, and (6) Western Clay
Company. Both U.S. Gypsum and Georgia Pacific operate wall board plants near
Sigurd in Sevier County. The majority of gypsum produced in Utah is used for making
wall board, but several operators supply raw gypsum to regional cement companies
where it is used as an additive to retard the setting time of cement and to the
agriculture industry for use as a soil conditioner.

Common Clay and Bentonite

More than 225,000 st (204,00 mt) of common clay and more than 70,000 st (64,000
mt) of bentonite were produced by five companies in 1998, a moderate increase in
common clay production and a significant increase in bentonite production compared to
1997. In descending order of production the companies are: (1) Interstate Brick
Company (common clay), (2) Redmond Minerals, Inc. (bentonite), (3) Paradise
Management Company (common clay), (4) Western Clay Company (bentonite), and (5)
Interpace Industries, Inc. (common clay). More than 75 percent of all clay is used in
the manufacture of brick. Bentonite is used as a sealant in many civil engineering
applications, as a pet waste absorbent (litter box filler), as an additive in oil and gas
drilling fluids, and as a binder in foundry molds.

Expanded Shale

One company, Utelite, Inc., mined about 180,000 st (163,000 mt) of shale to
manufacture ‘expanded shale’ for use as a lightweight aggregate for the construction
industry. The mine is located near the town of Wanship in Summit County. Production
of ‘expanded shale’ products has increased moderately over the past several years.
Two other companies (Holnam and Ash Grove Cement) mine modest amounts of shale
for use in the manufacture of cement.

Energy Minerals Production

Coal

Utah’s coal producers, which operate 12 underground mines and one coal recovery
plant, produced 26.6 million st (24.1 million mt) of coal valued at $479 million in 1998,

7
about 200,000 st (181,000 mt) more than 1997. Production in 1998 was the second-
highest amount of coal produced in Utah history (figures 3 and 4). The mines are
located in Carbon (7), Emery (4), and Sevier (1) Counties in east-central Utah. The
coal recovery facility is located near the town of Wellington in Carbon County. The five
largest mines, in descending order of production, are: (1) SUFCO, operated by Canyon
Fuel Company, LLC (Sevier County), (2) Deer Creek, Operated by Energy West Mining
Company (Utah Power, Inc.) (Emery County), (3) Skyline #1 and #3, operated by
Canyon Fuel Company, LLC (Carbon and Emery Counties), (4) Crandall Canyon,
operated by Genwal Coal Company (Emery County), and (5) Trail Mountain, operated
by Energy West Mining Company (Emery County). Slightly more than 50 percent of
Utah’s coal was consumed by electric utilities within the state. Coal is used for
industrial and other purposes within the state, shipped to electric utilities and industrial
users in other states, and exported to Pacific Rim countries for both power generation
and industrial use.
Two new mines began producing coal in 1998: Dugout Canyon mine operated by
Canyon Fuel Company, LLC and Horizon mine operated by White Oak Mining and
Construction Company. Both mines are located in Carbon County. Two additional
mines (also in Carbon County) are in the permitting process. Coal production is
expected to reach a record high in 1999.

Uranium

IUC mined a small amount of uranium-vanadium ore from its re-opened Rim mine
in the East Canyon (Dry Valley) area in San Juan County. Approximately 7,000 st
(6,350 mt) of ore averaging 0.08 percent U3O8 and more than 2.0 percent V2O5 was
mined between May and December 1998 and shipped to IUC’s White Mesa mill for
processing. The Rim mine is currently on standby and will resume operations when the
vanadium market improves. Several other independent mines shipped ore to the White
Mesa mill. Approximately 1,000 st (900 mt) of stockpiled ore was shipped from the
Neighbor mine in the East Canyon area and about 2,000 st (1,800 mt) of mined ore was
shipped from the Snake and Spring Creek mines in the Cottonwood Canyon area, also
in San Juan County. In addition, NBS Mining Company produced about 300 st (270 mt)
of ore from their Cougar No. 1 mine in the Yellowcat area of the Thompson district in
Grand County. Nearly all of the ore was from Morrison Formation-hosted deposits,
which have a high vanadium content.
IUC has four other permitted uranium mines in Utah that are on standby. The
company may open several of these mines when market conditions improve. Hanson
Exploration Company acquired six small uranium-vanadium mines, mostly in the East
Canyon area, and plans to begin permitting these properties. In addition, a number of
other uranium-vanadium mines, mostly operated by local miners, are ready to resume
production as the markets for uranium, and more importantly, vanadium improve.
IUC has been stockpiling uranium-vanadium ore at the White Mesa mill and plans
to process the stockpile beginning in April 1999. The stockpile contains about 80,000

8
st (72,600 mt) of ore from the company’s Sunday (Colorado) and Rim mines, and ore
purchased from independent miners. About 4,000 st (3,600 mt) per month is produced
from the company mines and IUC purchases 1,000 to 2,000 st (900 to 1,800 mt) per
month from outside sources.
The White Mesa mill processed “alternate feed” for almost all of 1998. The 2,000
st- (1,800-mt) per-day mill operated for about 10 months with a two-month hiatus in
early summer when it was shut down to allow modification of the tantalum and niobium
circuit to improve recovery. During 1998, the mill produced about 45,000 lbs (20,400
kg) of U3O8 and an undisclosed amount of tantalum and niobium from alternate feed.
Alternate feeds acquired included 16,000 st (14,500 mt) of uranium-tantalum-niobium-
bearing industrial by-products from Cabot Corporation in Pennsylvania, 40,000 st
(36,300 mt) of uranium tailings and partially processed uranium ore from the U.S. Army
Corp of Engineers in New York, and a small tonnage of high-grade uranium conversion
residue from Cameco Corporation in Canada.
The uranium tailings and partially processed ore were initially milled in the late
1940s to early 1950s using less sophisticated metallurgy. The Cabot Corporation
milling campaign ended in August 1998. The Corp of Engineers milling campaign
started in October 1998 and should be completed by March 1999, followed by the
Cameco residue.
U.S. Energy Corporation, through its wholly owned subsidiary Plateau Resources
Ltd., continued to rehabilitate its Shootaring Canyon mill near the town of Ticaboo in
eastern Garfield County. During 1998, the company upgraded the leach and pulp
storage tanks, checked and refurbished all rubber-lined tanks, and ordered a new mill
operations computer system. Installation of a five-part liner system for the tailings pond
should begin in 1999.
The Shootaring Canyon mill is a 750- to 1,000-st- (680- to 900-mt) per-day, acid-
leach, solvent extraction uranium mill and was the last uranium mill constructed in the
U.S. All federal and state operating permits have been obtained. The start-up date for
milling will depend on uranium market conditions. The initial mill feed will be stockpiled
ore from the Tony M mine with later feed consisting of ore mined from the Tony M mine
and ore for toll milling from other operations.
The Tony M stockpile contains 220,000 st (200,000 mt) of 0.138 percent U3O8 , a
sufficient amount for the first year’s milling campaign. The Tony M mine has indicated
mineable reserves of 5 million pounds (2.3 million kg) of uranium (U3O8). Two other
zones of uranium mineralization are known in the area but additional drilling would be
required to finalize a detailed mine plan. These areas could contain as much as 20
million pounds (9.1 million kg) of uranium.

Base- and Precious-Metals Exploration Activity

Most of the exploration activity was concentrated in and around several well-known
areas and mining districts: (1) Oquirrh Mountains area (including West Mountain and
Mercur districts); (2) East and Main Tintic districts in the Tintic area; (3) San Francisco,

9
Rocky Range, and Beaver Lake districts and the Blue Mountain-Blawn Mountain area
in the Milford area; (4) Clifton-Gold Hill district in west-central Utah; (5) Washington-
Indian Peak and Silver Reef districts in southwestern Utah; (6) Kaiparowits Plateau
area in south-central Utah; and (7) Lisbon Valley in southeastern Utah (figure 5).
Most drilling was to define reserves at known mines and/or was follow-up drilling to
further test areas that had previously been drilled, mostly between 1994 and 1997.
There was only a minor amount of true ‘grass roots’ exploration or drilling in the state;
even sampling and geophysical surveys were mostly confined to old districts or areas
of known mineralization.

Oquirrh Mountains Area

Exploration activity in the Oquirrh Mountains in 1998 was the lowest it has been in
many years. Kennecott Utah Copper Company disbanded its near-mine exploration
group in early 1998 and the company has done no exploration or drilling outside the
immediate mine area. No activity was reported in either the Stockton or Ophir districts
and only minor work was done in the Mercur area.
Barrick Resources (USA), Inc. conducted some surface exploration in the Mercur
district of the southern Oquirrh Mountains in 1998, and plan a modest drilling program
in 1999 to test several targets in and around their Mercur property. The last ore was
mined at Mercur in March 1997, and the last tailings were reprocessed in 1998. The
tailings pond is currently being dewatered and when dry will be reclaimed. By the end
of 1998 all other mine areas and facilities had been reclaimed.

Tintic Area

Chief Consolidated Mining Company (Chief Consolidated) continued to explore

several properties in the East and Main Tintic districts through its various joint ventures
and subsidiaries (Tintic Utah Metals, LLC and Chief Gold Mines).
Tintic Utah Metals, owned by Chief Consolidated (75 percent) and Korea Zinc
Company (25 percent), continued exploration on the Burgin-Apex property and
adjacent Eureka Standard property (held by Chief Gold Mines). In the Apex mine,
Tintic Utah Metals tested the “Silver Fissure,” a zone of high-grade fissure veins, on
and above the 1300 level of the mine. The “Silver Fissure” is a high-angle, west-
dipping, siliceous, silver-copper-lead fissure vein in the Tintic Quartzite. An ore zone
350 ft (110 m) long, 2 to 4 ft (0.6 - 1.2 m) wide, and averaging about 30 ounces per st
(oz/st) (1,029 grams per metric ton [g/mt]) silver has been delineated. Ore reserves
have not yet been announced.
To the southwest, in the Eureka Standard mine, the Eureka Standard fault zone
was tested above the 1300 level. Nineteen underground holes were drilled totaling
3,400 ft (1,040 m). Fifteen holes were mineralized and five contained ore-grade
material. The target was high-grade, siliceous, gold-silver-bearing fissure veins. The

10
tested zones are above the water table and could be mined with minimum
development. Mining could begin as early as mid-1999.
Tintic Utah Metals continued work on dewatering plans for the Burgin mine. The
joint venture submitted a dewatering permit application to the Utah Division of Water
Quality and entered into an agreement with U.S. Filter Corporation to determine the
feasibility of a water treatment plant to treat and recycle produced mine water. The
projected dewatering rate for the Burgin mine is estimated to be about 12,000 gallons
per minute (760 liters per second).
No drilling was done in the Burgin mine in 1998, but new reserve numbers were
released based on previous drilling. The proven and probable reserves are 1,075,000
st (975,000 mt) of ore with an average grade of 16.5 oz/st (566 g/mt) silver, 21 percent
lead, and 6.7 percent zinc. Potential reserves are 407,000 st (369,000 mt) of ore with
an average grade of 15.4 oz/st (531 g/mt) silver, 16 percent lead, and 5.2 percent zinc.
Additional ore will likely be delineated by in-fill drilling. At least three undrilled areas
exist between the known ore areas. Ore probably extends into these areas beyond the
limits of the drill-tested reserves.
The Burgin mill is currently being rehabilitated and regulatory permitting is
underway. The mill will initially process ore from the Apex, Eureka Standard, and Trixie
mines. Future mill feed could come from numerous other mines controlled by Chief
Consolidated including the Burgin, Plutus, and Iron Blossom.
Chief Gold Mines has rehabilitated the Trixie shaft to the 1200 level and
rehabilitated stations and drifts on the 750, 1050, and 1200 levels. Drift rehabilitation is
continuing on the 750 and 1200 levels in preparation for the 1999 underground drilling
program. The target is steeply dipping gold-copper fissures and breccia ore in
quartzite. If successful, mine production could begin in mid- to late 1999.
In the Main Tintic district, Chief Consolidated continued a modest exploration
program in the Plutus and Iron Blossom mine areas. The 1600 level of the Plutus mine
was rehabilitated to the America Star area (south) and three underground holes were
drilled to test the projected ore zone between the 1400 and 1800 levels. Chief is also
evaluating the feasibility of developing the Iron Blossom mine. Proven reserves are
70,000 st (63,000 mt) of gold-silver-copper jasperoid ore, but only a portion of the ore is
mineable. The company is also doing gravity and flotation testing on dump and tailing
samples to evaluate the feasibility of re-treating several large mine dumps, particularly
the Chief and Gemini dumps.

Milford Area

The Milford area was the most active exploration area in the state in 1998. At least
eight companies explored mostly in the San Francisco, Beaver Lake, and Rocky Range
districts, and Blue Mountain-Blawn Mountain area. Most exploration was for porphyry-
breccia pipe gold-copper, disseminated sediment-hosted, or jasperoid gold deposits.
Other exploration was for oxidized zinc. West Hills Excavating Company and its sister

11
company, Breccia Development Ltd., were the most active, drilling over 60 reverse
circulation (RC) holes in the area.

San Francisco District

Several companies continued exploring on properties held by Horn Silver Mines in

the San Francisco (Frisco) district west of Milford in Beaver County.
Kennecott Minerals Company drilled six holes totaling 6,000 ft (1,830 m) on a
breccia pipe gold-copper target southeast of the Cactus mine in the southern San
Francisco Mountains. Kennecott is currently evaluating the results to decide about
additional follow-up work. No assay results have been released.
Breccia Development drilled 23 angled RC holes in several fan patterns at the Horn
Silver mine to refine grade-thickness estimates for the oxidized zinc zone on the
footwall (west) side of the Horn Silver fault. The zinc mineralization occurs as a sheath
on the footwall of the Horn Silver vein and as irregular replacements in limestone.
Individual drill holes were 250 to 400 ft (76-120 m) long and tested the zinc zone to a
depth of about 400 ft (120 m). Assay results have not been released.
Farther to the northeast, Sepa Resources, Inc. completed one deep core hole in
1998. The hole intersected altered and pyritized volcanic rock but no ore-grade
mineralization. The company plans to complete one or more additional core holes in
1999. The target is porphyry copper mineralization beneath altered volcanic rocks.

Rocky Range-Beaver Lake Districts

During 1998, Nevada Star Resources Company drilled 44 holes on their Milford
copper properties to confirm previous exploration results. Five core holes totaling 905
ft (276 m) and 39 RC holes totaling 6,974 ft (2,126 m) were drilled. Most of the drilling
was on the Cortex properties in the Rocky Range district, but some drilling was on the
Grand Central properties in the Beaver Lake district to the northwest. Drilling results
confirmed previous exploration and identified several additional zones of lower grade
copper mineralization. The drill-indicated resource for the combined properties (Cortex
and Grand Central) is 6.4 million st (5.8 million mt) of 0.74 percent copper containing a
mineable resource of 2.5 million st (2.3 million mt) of 1.2 percent copper. A bankable
feasibility study completed by Western States Engineering indicated copper could be
produced at a cash cost of $0.57/lb ($1.26/kg) for a 5,000 st (4,500 mt) per year copper
metal operation. Nevada Star is currently evaluating the results in light of currently
depressed copper prices.

Blue Mountain-Blawn Mountain Area

Breccia Development explored a number of prospects in the Blue Mountain area

southwest of Milford with mixed success. The company drilled a single 1,400 ft (427 m)
hole on its Three Dog prospect to test for porphyry copper mineralization. The

12
prospect is near the northeast corner of Blue Mountain close to the Moonshine Well
range front fault. The hole targeted a small magnetic anomaly; the test was
inconclusive as the hole never hit bedrock. Additional drilling to the west and south is
planned for 1999 to test magnetic and molybdenum-copper geochemical anomalies.
Six holes totaling 2,000 ft (610 m) were drilled on the Moonshine property southeast of
Blue Mountain with negative results. The target was disseminated gold beneath
alluvial cover.
To the west, the company tested several covered areas for precious metal
mineralization. Two holes, 300 ft (91 m) and 700 ft (210 m) deep, respectively, were
drilled in the Miller Meadow area along Jockey Road. The holes intersected ore-grade
mineralization associated with jasperoids in limestone. Additional drilling is planned for
1999.
Twenty-five holes totaling 7,500 ft (2,300 m) were drilled in the AB area west of the
Miller Meadow prospect. Drill holes 250 to 350 ft (76-110 m) deep tested for precious-
metal mineralization in altered volcanics and underlying silicified limestone. Results
were moderately successful with some intercepts as high as 0.02 oz/st (0.69 g/mt) gold.
Mineralization occurs both in the volcanics and in the limestone. Only six of the 25
holes have been assayed to date. Additional drilling is planned for 1999 to delineate
the resource which may extend farther in several directions. Breccia Development is
seeking a partner to explore this and other properties in the area.
Evaluation and pre-production studies continued on the Ruby Violet red beryl
deposit eight miles (13 km) northwest of Blue Mountain. In late 1998, Neary Resources
through its affiliate Gemstone Mining, Inc. (GMI) exercised its option to acquire the
Ruby Violet red beryl gemstone mine and associated claims. The first $2.5 million
payment was made on the $10 million purchase price with the remaining three
payments due over the next 2.5 years. The property had been drilled and bulk sampled
by Kennecott Exploration Company between 1993 and 1997 before transferring its
option to GMI. GMI did additional drilling and bulk sampling in late 1997, and in 1998
processed a bulk sample of approximately 2,700 st (2,450 mt). This bulk sample
yielded 11,430 finished stones for a total of approximately 1,030 finished carats (206 g)
and 375 mineral specimens weighing about 108 oz (3,350 g). No additional drilling or
sampling was done at the mine in 1998. Probable reserves are 159,000 st (144,000
mt) of ore with a grade of 0.79 oz/st (27.02 g/mt) raw beryl within a probable resource
of 1.6 million st (1.5 million mt). Additional potential exists beyond the probable
resource area.
GMI completed a positive feasibility study including a strategic marketing study and
arranged financing for property purchase, construction, mine equipment capital, and
operating costs. A mine plan has been prepared based on a total reserve of 500,000 st
(454,000 mt) with an initial production rate of 25,000 st (22,700 mt) per year increasing
to 50,000 st (45,400 mt) per year. GMI began limited open-pit mining on the property in
late 1998 and plans to increase production to approximately 100 st (90 mt) per day as
soon as the current mine permit is upgraded. The ore will be processed at the

13
company’s plant in Minersville and the raw beryl product sent to Red Emerald Ltd. who
has been contracted by GMI to cut and market the finished red beryl gemstones.

Other Areas

Breccia Development drilled three holes on the Dead Horse property at the south
end of the Shautie Hills. The target was porphyry copper and/or associated base
metals in and beneath argillitized dacitic volcanic rocks. Results were permissive for a
porphyry system with thick intercepts of argillitized and moderately to strongly pyritized
volcanics containing up to 5 percent pyrite. The property is also being evaluated for
production of a dust-free road surfacing material. The economics of developing a
modest size operation are being investigated.

West-Central Utah

Clifton Mining Company continued to explore their properties in the Clifton-Gold Hill
district of western Tooele County and began a limited amount of mining and milling.
Work concentrated on the “Clifton shears” geological structures throughout most of the
year and during the last quarter on several copper-gold prospects south of the town of
Gold Hill.
During 1998, Clifton continued surface and underground sampling of existing
workings and performed some additional drifting on the “Clifton shears.” Based on the
1998 work, proven and probable reserves for the “Clifton shears” increased nearly 10
percent to 534,000 st (484,000 mt) of ore with an average grade of 8.3 oz/st (285 g/mt)
silver, 0.038 oz/st (1.3 g/mt) gold, and 5.6 percent lead. The increase was from
additional reserves in the Yellow Cougar, 130-foot Shaft, Lower George, and George
Washington vein shear zones. Clifton did some limited mining on three of the shear
zones and produced about 3,000 st (2,700 mt) of ore.
The company also did some sampling, drifting, and limited test mining on the
“smelter tunnel” deposit in the southwestern part of the “Clifton shears.” The “smelter
tunnel” is a bedded replacement deposit in limestone developed adjacent to one of the
shear zones. No reserves have been calculated for the deposit, but it could contain up
to 70,000 st (63,500 mt) of ore of which about 40,000 st (36,300 mt) could be mined by
open-pit methods.
In the Gold Hill area, Clifton Mining is evaluating several recently acquired gold
and gold-copper properties. Surface and underground sampling have been done in the
Cane Springs mine area with a number of samples assaying from 0.04 to nearly 1.0
oz/st (1.4 to nearly 34.3 g/mt) gold. The Cane Springs mine is a gold-copper skarn
deposit in garnet-wollastonite marble. Clifton plans to dewater the mine and sample
the lower workings to confirm the historic assay results. They will then drill as many as
four holes to test the downdip continuation of the ore shoot. The deposit was mined
previously to the 149-foot (45-m) level and ore could continue to a depth of 600 ft (180
m) or more. Historical mine ore grades were 0.5 to 1.0 oz/st (17.1 to 34.3 g/mt) gold.

14
Clifton also did some underground sampling in the Frankie mine 1.5 miles (2.4 km)
farther south. Samples averaged 0.053 oz/st (1.82 g/mt) gold and 6.63 percent copper.
No additional work is planned for the Frankie mine.
Essentially no exploration work was done in the Kings Canyon area of western
Millard County. Crown Resources, Inc. retained its Kings Canyon gold properties but
did no exploration work. Several other companies allowed their claims to lapse and
many of these have already been restaked by other individuals or companies. Most
property owners, however, are retaining their core properties.
Phoenix Gold Resources, Ltd. made several test shipments totaling about 400 st
(360 mt) of ore from its Coyote Knolls property north of Delta in the Desert Mountain
area to Clifton Mining’s mill at Gold Hill but did no other work on the property.
Exploration drilling is planned for 1999 to extend the strike length of the mineralization
if funding becomes available.
Phelps Dodge Corporation conducted surface sampling on their Maple Peak
property located at the south end of the West Tintic Mountains. The sampling
confirmed the potential for sediment-hosted gold with a number of jasperoid samples
assaying greater than 0.03 oz/st (1.03 g/mt) gold. The host rock is the Mississippian
Great Blue Limestone. Phelps Dodge is currently seeking joint-venture partners to
continue to explore the property.
Kennecott Minerals did reconnaissance ionization potential (RIP) surveys over the
northern Keg Mountains and Desert Mountain to evaluate their porphyry copper
potential. No follow-up work is planned.

Southwestern Utah

West Hills Excavating drilled three properties in the Indian Peak Range in western
Beaver County to explore for jasperoid-hosted gold. West Hills also drilled six holes on
the Elephant Back prospect south of Sawtooth Peak in silicified Ordovician limestone;
results were discouraging. Twenty-two holes totaling about 10,000 ft (3,000 m) were
drilled on the Indian Peak prospect on the west side of the Indian Peak Range in
silicified Cambrian to Ordovician limestone. Drilling encountered significant
thicknesses of silicification but no assay results have been released. The property had
been previously leased to Royal Gold who drilled seven holes in 1997, before returning
the property to West Hills. The 1997 drilling intercepted rock assaying as much as
0.05 oz/st (1.71 g/mt) gold. Additional work is planned for 1999. Farther south, West
Hills drilled three holes on the Blue Jay property in addition to the eight holes drilled in
1997; results were moderately encouraging with some intercepts assaying as much as
0.04 oz/st (1.37 g/mt) gold.
Phelps Dodge did extensive surface sampling in the Stateline district and confirmed
widespread gold mineralization in a quartz adularia system in altered volcanic rocks.
Phelps Dodge believes the property has both high-grade vein and bulk precious-metal
potential and is currently seeking joint-venture partners to continue work in the district.

15
 No drilling was done in the Goldstrike district in 1998. Bull Valley, LLC controls the
central part of the district and they have been seeking joint-venture partners. Bull
Valley believes the property has potential for deep ore along and adjacent to east-west-
and northwest-trending feeder faults. The company plans to drill a few deep holes to
test this concept during 1999 if they are unsuccessful in finding a partner.
Silver Standard Resources drilled 12 holes totaling about 7,000 ft (2,100 m) in the
northern part of the Silver Reef district to extend the strike length of mineralization
discovered in 1997. The target was disseminated silver-copper mineralization in the
western downdip continuation of the White Reef sandstone at depths of 400 to 700 ft
(120-200 m). The holes intersected anomalous to ore-grade mineralization with grades
of 2 to more than 8 oz/st (69 to more than 274 g/mt) silver, and associated copper (as
much as 1.0 percent) over thicknesses of 5 to 40 ft (1.5-12.2 m). The company is
currently evaluating the results and intends to seek a joint-venture partner to further
explore the property and the surrounding area.

South-Central Utah

3-R Minerals began mining and pilot testing of Holocene titanium- and zirconium-
bearing alluvium on their lease in Alvey Wash in the Kaiparowits Plateau area south of
Escalante in Garfield County. Work consisted of shallow test mining of surface sands
at several sites in Alvey Wash and concentration of the contained titanium- and
zirconium-bearing heavy minerals by spiral classifiers. Plant capacity is about 2 st (1.8
mt) per hour, but 3-R Minerals plans to increase capacity by staged expansions with
ultimate capacity of 50 st (45 mt) per hour.
At full capacity the operation could produce 2 to 3 st (1.8-2.7 mt) per hour of heavy
mineral concentrate consisting of about 75 percent zircon and 25 percent ilmenite. The
feed is fluvial point bar sands and gravels containing zircon and titanium minerals
eroded from Cretaceous fossil placer deposits, and from sandstone containing widely
disseminated grains of zircon, ilmenite, and rutile. Heavy mineral content for the
alluvium is variable; 1-2 percent zircon is common with some samples containing as
much as 10 percent zircon.
In addition, 3-R Minerals continues to evaluate the heavy mineral potential of the
Cretaceous sandstone on their existing leases. Stratigraphic sampling and analysis
using X-ray fluorescence (XRF) outlined a number of additional zircon-rich horizons.
These zircon-rich horizons are not easily identified; they are generally not magnetic or
radioactive, contain only minor opaque iron minerals, and do not necessarily occur at
the top of regressive marine sandstone. 3-R Minerals has recognized several stacked
zircon-rich horizons stratigraphically below the cemented iron-titanium-zircon-bearing
horizons. Nearly all of the earlier exploration work was confined to these cemented
horizons.
The status of the Calf Canyon-Dave Canyon claims of 3-R Minerals is not yet
decided. The U.S. Bureau of Land Management (BLM) rejected 3-R Minerals’
application for a drilling permit because the claims were located after the Wilderness

16
Study Area was established and the BLM contends that any activity must follow rules
governing wilderness. 3-R Minerals appealed the decision to the Interior Board of Land
Appeals (IBLA) which has reviewed the appeal but has not yet announced a decision.
The development of these claims and the other existing leases is uncertain because
they are all within the boundaries of the Grand Staircase-Escalante National
Monument.

Southeastern Utah

In September 1998, IBLA rendered a decision allowing Summo Minerals

Corporation to develop its Lisbon Valley copper mine in northern San Juan County.
The BLM initially approved the project in February 1997, with issuance of the Final
Environmental Impact Statement (FEIS) and Record of Decision, but this decision was
appealed to IBLA by several environmental groups. The IBLA issued a stay on mining
until several questions regarding the potential of ground-water contamination could be
addressed. In early 1998, Summo Minerals completed a study that confirmed and
supported the conclusions reached in the FEIS. As part of the study, eight additional
ground-water wells were drilled in addition to the existing 12 wells and ground-water
samples were collected and analyzed. The results confirmed that the water is Class III,
suitable for industrial and agricultural applications only, and that the proposed mining
would actually improve the quality of the ground-water. The BLM submitted its final
brief incorporating these results in March 1998 and the final IBLA decision was
rendered on September 24, 1998. This decision was again appealed by several
environmental groups who filed a Petition for Reconsideration with the IBLA in
November 1998. The BLM plans to submit its response to the IBLA in February 1999,
with a final decision expected in mid-1999.
Although Summo is legally free to proceed with the project, construction and
development have been postponed indefinitely. During the nearly two-year delay, the
financing arrangements expired and Summo is attempting to arrange replacement
financing for the $45 million project. Should financing be obtained, Summo would
probably proceed with construction and development of the mine, with mining
scheduled to begin 10 to 12 months later. Current announced reserves are 46.5 million
st (42.2 million mt) of ore at an average grade of 0.424 percent copper in three
designated mine areas. There is additional resource potential between and below the
designated mine areas which could double the current reserves.

17
 Figure 2: Utah nonfuel minerals
valuation 1987 through 1997

$2,000
$1,840
$1,760
Gross Value of Production (millions)

$1,560
$1,520
$1,500
$1,334 $1,346
$1,290 $1,310

$1,149

$1,015
$1,000

$700

$500

$0
1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997
Year
 Figure 3: Utah coal production
1988 through 1998

30
27.1 26.6
26.4
25.1
25 24.4
Short Tons (millions)

22.0 21.9 21.7

21.0
20.5
20
18.2

15

10

5
1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998
Year
 Figure 4: Utah coal valuation
1988 through 1998
550
Gross Value of Production (millions)

$501
500 $490
$485
$479 $479
$472 $474
$459 $460
$452
450

$415

400

350

300
1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998
Year
 Figure 5: Major base- and precious-metals exploration areas in 1998

CACHE
RICH
Logan
BOX ELDER N
Randolph
Brigham

Great
Salt Ogden WEBER
0 50 miles
Lake MORGAN
DAVIS Morgan
Farmington
SUMMIT Manila DAGGETT
Coalville
Salt Lake City
SALT
TOOELE Tooele LAKE
Heber Vernal
Oquirrh
Mountains WASATCH
Clifton- Utah
Duchesne
Gold Hill West Tintic- Lake Provo
District Desert Mtn. Tintic
Districts Area DUCHESNE
UTAH
Keg
JUAB Mtn. Area Nephi
CARBON UINTAH
Price

Delta
Kings Manti
Canyon MILLARD Castle Dale
Area SANPETE GRAND
Sevier
Lake Fillmore
Richfield
EMERY
Milford SEVIER Moab
Area
BEAVER Milford Lisbon
PIUTE Loa Valley
Beaver
Junction WAYNE
Washington-
Indian Peak Area GARFIELD
Stateline Parowan Monticello
District IRON Panguitch

Cedar City

WASHINGTON
Kaiparowits SAN JUAN
Goldstrike Silver Reef Plateau
District KANE Area
St. George Kanab
 1999 SUMMARY OF MINERAL ACTIVITY IN UTAH

R.L. Bon and R.W. Gloyn, Utah Geological Survey

SUMMARY

The value of Utah's mineral production (including coal) in 1999 is estimated to be

$1.82 billion, $39.6 million less than in 1998. Contributions from each of the major industry
segments are: base metals, $626 million (35 percent of total); industrial minerals, $583
million (32 percent of total); coal, $453 million (25 percent of total); and precious metals,
$153 million (8 percent of total).

The changes in Utah's mineral valuation by industry segment for the years 1996-1999
are shown in figure 1. Compared to 1998, the 1999 values of: (1) base metals decreased
$62 million, (2) industrial minerals increased $49 million, (3) coal decreased $21 million,
and (4) precious metals decreased $1.4 million. Prices decreased for most base metals
(copper, molybdenum, and magnesium) and precious metals (gold and silver). Coal
prices were also lower in 1999. Industrial mineral prices increased slightly for several
commodities (crushed stone, gilsonite, magnesium chloride, potash, and expanded shale),
remained flat for most commodities, and were lower for other commodities (cement, lime,
perlite, phosphate, potassium sulfate, and sand and gravel).

OUTLOOK

The value of mineral production is expected to increase in 2000 primarily due to

increased production and a modest increase in precious- and base-metal prices.
Operator surveys indicate that in 2000, both base- and precious-metal production should
increase modestly while coal production should increase slightly. Industrial mineral
commodities as a whole should show an increase in value in 2000, due mostly to
increased production, especially sand and gravel and crushed stone. Spot prices for both
base and precious metals have risen above their respective multi-year lows and some
improvement in prices is anticipated for 2000. Prices for most industrial minerals should
remain relatively flat while coal prices are expected to increase slightly. Base- and
precious-metal exploration will remain relatively slow until the market for these minerals
improves.

MINE PERMIT SUMMARY AND STATUS

During 1999, the Utah Division of Oil, Gas and Mining (DOGM) received eight Large
Mine permit applications (5 acres [2 hectares] and larger disturbance) and 51 new Small

1
Mine permit applications (less than 5 acres [2 hectares] disturbance). Seven of the Large
Mine applications were made to change from Small to Large Mine status. These numbers
represent no increase in Large Mine permit applications and an increase of nine Small
Mine permit applications compared to 1998. New Large Mine permits include two
dimension stone quarries, two precious metal mines, one limestone quarry (aggregate),
one gypsum quarry, one gemstone mine, and one road construction permit for a potential
phosphate mine. New Small Mine permits are grouped as follows: industrial minerals -
32, uranium-vanadium - 2, base and precious metals - 8, gems and fossils - 7, and other -
2.

The state has 79 active Large mines (excluding sand and gravel) that are grouped by
industry segment as follows: base metals - 4, precious metals - 1, coal - 14, and industrial
minerals - 60. Eighty Small mines reported production in 1998, the same number as in
1997. Small mines are grouped as follows: industrial minerals - 62 (including building,
decorative, and dimension stone), gemstones - 7, precious and base metals - 7, and
fossils and geodes - 4.

In December 1999, DOGM sent 434 annual production questionnaires to all Large and
Small Mine permit holders. By March 10, 2000, 289 questionnaires had been returned.
Sixty-one Large mines and 98 Small mines reported production. Several reporting mines
produced more than one commodity. In addition, 12 coal mines reported production in
1999.

EXPLORATION PERMITS

Mineral exploration statewide increased slightly compared to 1998. Twenty-six

Notices of Intent (NOIs) to explore on public lands were filed with DOGM in 1999,
compared to 22 in 1998, and 34 in 1997. The number of new NOIs listed by county
included: Beaver - 7, Emery - 3, Garfield - 1, Iron - 1, Juab - 2, Millard - 1, Piute - 3, Tooele
- 5, Uintah - 2, and Washington - 1. Eleven permits were issued for industrial minerals
exploration, six for base metals and precious metals, and nine for precious metals only. All
but two of the base- and precious-metal NOIs were from individuals or small companies.

NATIONAL RANKINGS

The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) ranked Utah 10th in the nation (down from 8 th) in
the value of nonfuel minerals produced in 1998 (latest year that production figures are
available). Utah accounted for nearly 3.25 percent of the U.S. total nonfuel mineral
production value. The state ranked first in production of beryllium and gilsonite; second in
copper, magnesium metal, and potash; fourth in molybdenum and phosphate rock; fifth in
gold, silver, bentonite, and Grade - A helium; sixth in salt; and seventh in construction sand

2
and gravel (up from 10th in 1998). Utah ranked 14th in coal production (the same as in
1998).

According to the USGS, between 1988 and 1998 the value of nonfuel mineral
production in Utah ranged from a low of $1.02 billion in 1988 to a high of $1.84 billion in
1995 (figure 2). Nonfuel mineral production for 1998 is estimated to be $1.30 billion,
about the same as in 1993. The Utah Geological Survey's (UGS) estimate for nonfuel
mineral production for 1999 is $1.36 billion, $14 million less than its estimate for nonfuel
mineral production in 1998.

BASE- AND PRECIOUS-METAL PRODUCTION

Base-metal production, valued at $626 million, was the largest contributor to the value
of minerals produced in 1999. In descending order of value, those metals are: copper,
magnesium metal, molybdenum, and beryllium. Precious-metal production, valued at $153
million, included gold (87% of total value) and silver (13% of total value). Kennecott Utah
Copper Corporation’s Bingham Canyon mine, located a few miles west of Salt Lake City
in Salt Lake County, is the state’s only significant producer of copper, silver, and
molybdenum, and a major producer of gold. The combined value of minerals produced
from the Bingham Canyon mine is more than one-third of the total value of all minerals
produced statewide.

Copper

Copper is the largest contributor to the value of nonfuel minerals in the state.
Significant price increases in 1994 and 1995 pushed the value of copper to historical
highs and the value of base-metal production statewide to over $1 billion for the first time in
1995. Since 1995 the price of copper has fallen significantly ($1.38/lb [$3.04/kg] in 1995
vs $0.76/lb [$1.68/kg] in 1999). Copper production from Kennecott's Bingham Canyon
mine in Salt Lake County increased slightly in 1999 to approximately 315,000 short tons
(st) (286,000 metric tons [mt]) from 1998 production of approximately 314,000 st (285,000
mt) of copper metal. With the completion of their modernization and expansion program,
Kennecott's copper production has stabilized at a rate slightly higher than 300,000 st
(272,000 mt) annually.

Magnesium Metal

Magnesium metal was the second-largest contributor to the value of base metals in
1999. Magnesium metal is produced from Great Salt Lake brines by Magnesium
Corporation of America (Magcorp) at its electrolytic plant at Rowley in Tooele County. The
plant has a capacity to produce 44,000 st (40,000 mt) of magnesium metal (99.9 percent
purity) annually and is one of only two active primary processing facilities in the U.S.

3
Magnesium production was less than capacity in 1999: demand has decreased worldwide
and domestic producer prices were at their lowest level since 1994.

Molybdenum

The sole molybdenum producer in Utah is Kennecott's Bingham Canyon mine, which
produced more than 11,000 st (10,000 mt) of molybdenum concentrate (MoS2) in 1999, a
slight increase from that produced in 1998. The Bingham Canyon mine was one of eight
(down from 11 in 1998) molybdenum-producing mines in the U.S. in 1999. Molybdenum is
recovered as a by-product from the copper milling operation.

Beryllium

Utah continued to be the nation's leading producer of beryllium. Beryllium ore

(bertrandite) is mined at Brush Wellman, Inc.’s Topaz and Hogs Back mines in Juab
County and processed with imported beryl at the company's plant a few miles north of
Delta in Millard County. The Hogs Back mine began producing in 1998. In 1999,
approximately 100,000 st (91,000 mt) of ore was mined and trucked to the company’s
Delta plant for processing. The amount of beryllium ore mined in 1999 was slightly lower
than 1998. The product (beryllium hydroxide) is then sent to the company-owned refinery
and finishing plant in Ohio where it is converted into beryllium metal, alloys, and oxide. The
demand for beryllium alloys and beryllium oxide has increased modestly over the past
several years as alloys are being introduced into components for the automobile and
electronics industries.

Vanadium

No vanadium ore was mined in Utah in 1999, although the White Mesa mill located
near the town of Blanding in San Juan County processed stockpiled vanadium and
uranium ores mined in Colorado. Vanadium prices reached their highest level in the past
five years in early 1998 before declining significantly by year’s end. This spike in price
lead to a resurgence of new Small Mine permits, but almost no increase in ore production.
Vanadium prices did not improve in 1999.

Gold and Silver

Gold production in 1999 is estimated to be more than 470,000 troy ounces (oz)
(15,000 kilograms [kg]), a slight increase from the nearly 450,000 oz (14,000 kg)
produced in 1998. Gold is produced from two surface mines owned by Kennecott
Corporation: one primary producer (Barneys Canyon mine) and one by-product operation
(Bingham Canyon mine), both located in Salt Lake County. Several small mines in the
state are known to produce minor amounts of precious metals but metal-specific
production is not reported, and not included in the above totals.

4
 In 1999, silver production statewide was estimated to be approximately 3.7 million oz
(0.12 million kg), nearly 300,000 oz (9,000 kg) less than 1998. Silver was produced as a
by-product metal from the Bingham Canyon mine.

INDUSTRIAL MINERAL PRODUCTION

The industrial minerals segment, valued at $583 million, was the second-largest
contributor to the value of minerals produced in 1999. Major commodities produced by
group or individual commodity in descending order of value included: (1) sand and gravel
and crushed stone; (2) Portland cement, lime, limestone, and dolomite; (3) salines,
including sulfate of potash, salt, potash (KCl), and magnesium chloride; (4) phosphate; (5)
gilsonite; (6) common clay and bentonite; (7) expanded shale and perlite; and (8) gypsum.

Sand and Gravel and Crushed Stone

Sand and gravel, and crushed stone (including limestone and dolomite) are the largest
contributors to the value of industrial minerals produced in 1999. These materials are
produced in every county in Utah by commercial operators, and by state, federal, and
county agencies. Due to the large number and diversity of producers, operators are not
sent UGS production questionnaires. However, data are compiled by the USGS. The
latest data show that in 1998, 44.9 million st (40.7 million mt) of sand and gravel, and 13.0
million st (11.8 million mt) of crushed stone were produced with a combined value of
$179.3 million. The UGS’s estimate for the combined value of sand and gravel and
crushed stone for 1999 (based on USGS 1999 mid-year data) is $188.7 million. Due to
increased highway construction, airport runway construction, and rapid population growth,
usage should remain relatively high for the next several years.

Portland Cement, Lime, Limestone, and Dolomite

Portland cement, lime, limestone, and dolomite were the second-highest value
industrial minerals produced in 1999 with a combined value of $156.4 million. Two
operators produce Portland cement in Utah: Holnam, Inc. and Ash Grove Cement
Company. Holnam's Devil's Slide plant is east of Morgan in Morgan County, and Ash
Grove's Leamington plant is east of Lynndyl in Juab County. Both companies have
recently expanded production capacity; the two plants have a combined capacity of more
than 1.5 million st (1.4 million mt) of cement annually, up from 1 million st (0.9 million mt) in
1997. Both plants operated at or near capacity in 1999.

Lime production was slightly higher in 1999 than 1998. Continental Lime Company,
which produces high-calcium quick lime, and Chemical Lime of Arizona, Inc., which
produces dolomitic hydrated and quick lime, have a combined capacity of more than 1
million st (0.9 million mt) per year. Both operations serve markets in Utah and surrounding

5
states. Continental Lime's plant is in the Cricket Mountains, approximately 35 miles (56
km) southwest of Delta in Millard County, and is rated as one of the 10 largest lime plants
in the United States. Chemical Lime of Arizona's plant is near Grantsville in Tooele
County.

Nine Large mine operators quarried 3.5 million st (3.2 million mt) of limestone and
dolomite in 1999 which was used mainly in the construction industry (2.14 million st [1.94
million mt]). Approximately 300,000 st (272,000 mt) were used in steel-making and for flue
gas desulfurization in power plants. The three largest suppliers of crushed aggregate used
in construction are: Valley Asphalt Company from two quarries in Utah County, IME Inc.
from one quarry in Utah County, and Harper Construction Company from one quarry in Salt
Lake County. A small amount of limestone and dolomite was also crushed to a fine
powder and marketed as “rock dust” to the coal mining industry.

Salt, Magnesium Chloride, Potash (Potassium Chloride),

and Sulfate of Potash

Saline resources including salt are the third-largest contributors to the value of
industrial mineral production in Utah. In addition to salt, other saline products include
magnesium chloride and potash (potassium chloride and sulphate of potash [SOP]). One
company (North Shore Limited Partnership) produces a small amount of concentrated
brine which is used as an ingredient in human mineral supplements. The location of
operators around Great Salt Lake is shown in figure 3. The production of salt and other
saline products, excluding magnesium metal, statewide is estimated to be 3.2 million st
(2.9 million mt) in 1999, 0.46 million st (0.42 million mt) more than 1998.

Salt production alone is estimated to be 2.34 million st (2.12 million mt) in 1999, with
most of the production coming from three operators using brine from Great Salt Lake.
These operators are, in descending order of production: (1) IMC Kalium Ogden, Inc.
(formerly GSL Minerals), (2) Cargill Salt Company, and (3) Morton International, Inc. In
addition, three other companies produce salt and/or potash from operations not related to
Great Salt Lake: (1) Reilly Chemical Company at Wendover in Tooele County (potash), (2)
Moab Salt Company near Moab in Grand County (salt and potash), and (3) Redmond
Minerals, Inc. near Redmond in Sanpete County (salt only).

Potash (KCl and SOP) is produced by three companies: IMC Kalium Ogden, Inc.,
Reilly Chemical Company, and Moab Salt Company at their above-mentioned facilities.
Potash production is estimated to be more than 470,000 st (426,000 mt) in 1999,
approximately 40,000 st (36,000 mt) less than 1998.

Phosphate

Utah's only phosphate operation, SF Phosphate Ltd.’s Vernal Phosphate Operation, is

6
11 miles (18 km) north of Vernal in Uintah County. SF Phosphates is a partnership of
Farmland Industries, Inc. (Missouri) and J. R. Simplot Company (Idaho). The company
mines roughly 2.5 million st (2.3 million mt) of ore annually, which is processed into about 1
million st (0.9 million mt) of concentrate and transported in slurry form to the company's
Rock Springs, Wyoming fertilizer plant via a 90-mile-long (145 km) underground pipeline.
During 1999 the mine produced substantially more than 2.5 million st (2.3 million mt) of
ore, the highest production level in the past eight years.

Gilsonite

Gilsonite production for 1999 is estimated to be more than 50,000 st (45,000 mt),
approximately 10,000 st (9,000 mt) less than 1998. Gilsonite is an unusual solid
hydrocarbon that has been mined in Utah for more than 100 years. The three operations
that produce gilsonite are all near the town of Bonanza in eastern Uintah County. In
descending order of production they are: (1) American Gilsonite Company’s Bonanza
mine, (2) Zeigler Chemical and Minerals Company’s Zeigler and Tom Taylor mines, and
(3) Lexco, Inc.’s Cottonwood mine. Gilsonite is used in over 150 products ranging from
printing inks to explosives and is marketed worldwide. Gilsonite production has been
relatively stable for the past several years.

Clay and Bentonite

More than 290,000 st (263,000 mt) of both common and high-alumina clay and
approximately 100,000 st (91,000 mt) of bentonite were produced by five companies in
1999, a 23 percent increase in common and high-alumina clay and a 19 percent increase
in bentonite compared to 1998. In descending order of production the companies are: (1)
Interstate Brick Company (common clay), (2) Interpace Industries (common clay), (3)
Redmond Minerals, Inc. (bentonite), (4) Paradise Management Company (high-alumina
clay), and (5) Western Clay Company (bentonite). More than 75 percent of all clay is used
in the manufacture of brick. High-alumina clay is used in the manufacture of cement and
bentonite is used as a sealant in many civil engineering applications, as a pet waste
absorbent (litter box filler), as an additive in oil and gas drilling fluids, and as a binder in
foundry molds.

Expanded Shale and Perlite

One company, Utelite, Inc., mined more than 200,000 st (181,000 mt) of shale in 1999
to manufacture “expanded shale” for use as a lightweight aggregate for the construction
industry. The mine is located near the town of Wanship in Summit County. Production of
“expanded shale” products has increased moderately over the past several years. Two
other companies (Holnam and Ash Grove Cement) mine modest amounts of shale for use
in the manufacture of cement.

7
 Pearl Queen Perlite Corporation produced approximately 20,000 st (18,000 mt) of
perlite in 1999 from its recently opened mine northeast of Milford in Beaver County. The
ore was trucked to the company’s mill in Milford for processing and distribution.

Gypsum

More than 480,000 st (435,000 mt) of gypsum was produced by five Large mine
operators in 1999, 80,000 st (73,000 mt) more than in 1998. In descending order of
production the companies are: (1) Georgia Pacific Corporation, (2) U.S. Gypsum
Company, (3) Nephi Gypsum, (4) H.E. Davis and Sons, and (5) D.K. Gypsum Industries.
Both U.S. Gypsum and Georgia Pacific operate wall board plants near Sigurd in Sevier
County. The majority of gypsum produced in Utah is used for making wall board, but
several operators supply raw gypsum to regional cement companies where it is used as
an additive to retard the setting time of cement and to the agriculture industry for use as a
soil conditioner.

ENERGY MINERALS PRODUCTION

Coal

Utah’s coal operators mined 26.3 million st (23.9 million mt) of coal from 12
underground mines in 1999 valued at $453 million, approximately 300,000 st (272,000 mt)
less than 1998 (figures 4 and 5). Utah’s only coal recovery plant was idle during the year.
Coal production in 1999 was the fourth-highest in Utah history. The mines are located in
Carbon (6), Emery (5), and Sevier (1) Counties in east-central Utah. The coal recovery
facility is located near the town of Wellington in Carbon County. The largest producer was
the SUFCO mine, operated by Canyon Fuel Company, LLC (Sevier County), which
produced more than 5 million st (4.5 million mt) of raw coal. The following four mines each
produced more than 3.5 million st (3.2 million mt) of coal: (1) Deer Creek mine, operated
by Energy West Mining Company (Utah Power, Inc.) (Emery County); (2) Skyline #1 and #3
mines, operated by Canyon Fuel Company, LLC (Carbon and Emery Counties); (3)
Crandall Canyon mine, operated by Genwal Coal Company (Emery County); and (4) Trail
Mountain mine, operated by Energy West Mining Company (Emery County). Slightly more
than 50 percent of Utah’s coal was consumed by electric utilities within the state. Utah coal
is also used for industrial and other purposes within the state, shipped to electric utilities
and industrial users in other states, and exported to Pacific Rim countries for both power
generation and industrial use. One new mine located in Carbon County (West Ridge)
began producing coal in early 2000 and one additional mine (also in Carbon County) is in
the permitting process. Coal production is expected to increase to a near-record level in
2000.

Uranium

8
 Because of the continued weak market for uranium and particularly vanadium, there
was no uranium ore mined in Utah in 1999.

International Uranium Corporation (IUC) continued operating its White Mesa mill
throughout 1999 on both conventional ores and alternate feeds. The company milled
approximately 84,000 st (76,000 mt) of stockpiled conventional ore between June and
November 1999 and recovered approximately 487,000 pounds (221,000 kg) of U3O8 and
approximately 2 million pounds (0.91 million kg) of V 2O5. Most of this stockpiled ore was
mined from the company’s operations in Colorado which were shut down in mid-1999.
The mill ran several alternative feed campaigns on material from a nuclear fuel cycle
company and uranium-bearing waste from a U.S. Department of Defense site in New York.
The company recovered approximately 160,000 pounds (73,000 kg) of U3O8 from the
nuclear fuel company feed and an undisclosed amount of uranium from the defense site
feed.

International Uranium Corporation plans to concentrate solely on the development of

alternate feed milling during the next several years and has obtained several additional
contracts for alternate feed processing. One contract involves more than 100,000 st
(91,000 mt) of uranium-bearing waste from defense sites.

In mid-March 1999, the Utah Department of Environmental Quality issued a

groundwater discharge permit for U.S. Energy Company’s Shootaring Canyon uranium mill
in Garfield County. The mill is now fully permitted and ready to operate. However, no
production is planned until there are significant increases in the price of both uranium and
vanadium. The mill has a rated capacity of 750 st per day (stpd) (680 mt per day [mtpd])
but is capable of rates exceeding 1,000 stpd (900 mtpd).

BASE AND PRECIOUS METAL EXPLORATION

Exploration for base and precious metals in 1999 remained at a relatively low level.
The Utah Division of Oil, Gas and Mining received 26 Notices of Intent to explore, (NOIs)
which was several more than in 1998 but significantly less than the 50 to 60 received
during the early 1990s. Nine NOIs were for precious metals, six for base and precious
metals, and 11 for industrial minerals. Most exploration for metals was concentrated in
and around old mining districts, particularly in the Milford and Marysvale areas (figure 6).
Most exploration was done by small to mid-sized companies; Breccia Development
Company (Milford, UT) was one of the most active metal explorers in the state drilling over
60 holes on several prospects in the Milford area. The few drilling programs by majors
were relatively small and limited in scope.

Northwestern Utah

9
Oquirrh Mountains

Minor exploration drilling was done by Barrick Gold Exploration in the West Dip area
west of Mercur in 1999. No additional work is planned for 2000.

Kennecott Utah Copper Company drilled 10 holes with an aggregate footage of

25,884 feet (7,889 m) in the Bingham Canyon open pit to better define and delineate
mineralization in the deeper parts of the Bingham porphyry copper deposit. This detailed
geologic and ore-grade information will be used for mine planning for the open-pit and
possible later underground block-caving operations.

Tintic Area

Chief Consolidated Mining Company, through its subsidiaries Tintic Utah Metals and
Chief Gold Mines, continued exploration and rehabilitation work on its East Tintic
properties. Most of the work was concentrated on rehabilitating the Burgin mill,
rehabilitating workings and underground long-hole drilling in the Trixie mine and acquiring
the necessary operating permits. The Burgin mill has been completely rehabilitated with
new gravity and flotation circuits and has a rated capacity of 420 stpd (380 mtpd). The mill
is expected to begin operating in early April 2000 at an initial rate of 200 stpd (180 mtpd),
gradually increasing to full 24-hour-per-day operation. Initial mill feed will be Trixie dump
material.

No drilling was done in 1999 on the Burgin, Eureka Standard, or Apex properties. The
initial request for a dewatering permit for the Burgin mine was rejected by Utah Division of
Water Rights in late 1999. Tintic Utah Metals made a new application which addresses
the concerns that the dewatering could adversely affect the water level of Utah Lake. No
future work is expected on the Burgin property until the dewatering permit is granted.

In early 1999, approximately 30 underground long holes were completed at the Trixie
mine that intersected low-grade, currently uneconomic, gold values. An aggressive
underground drilling program is planned for 2000 requiring one or more drill rigs for nearly
the entire year. Most drilling will be done from the 750 and 1,200 levels with possibly some
work on the 1,350 level.

No exploration work was done on Chief Consolidated’s properties in the Main Tintic
district.

American Fork District

Groundstar Resources continued exploration on the Silver Bell polymetallic lead-zinc-

silver fissure vein/breccia deposit in the American Fork district. Exploration work

10
consisted of surface and underground mapping and sampling. A four-hole drilling program
of approximately 2,000 feet (600 m) is planned for calendar year 2000.

Milford Area

San Francisco District

Kennecott Minerals drilled three holes totaling approximately 1,600 feet (490 m) on the
Copper Gulch prospect southeast of the Cactus mine in the southern San Francisco
Mountains. The target was breccia-hosted, gold-copper mineralization below a strongly
jarosite-stained, quartz sericite-altered, quartz monzonite breccia. The drilling intersected
several anomalous but non-ore-grade copper zones. During the last two years, Kennecott
drilled a total of nine holes on this property but returned it to the owners (Horn Silver
Mines).

Sepa Resources drilled four holes to moderate depths on their Hillside/Frisco property
near the Frisco Contact mine with negative results. The target was porphyry copper-gold
mineralization in complexly altered and pyritized volcanic rocks.

Horn Silver Mines has leased its oxidized zinc resource in the Horn Silver-King David
mine to World Hydrocarbons, Dallas, TX. The property was originally drilled in 1999 by
Breccia Development. This drilling confirmed the zone of oxidized zinc mineralization on
the footwall of the Horn Silver fault and included several intercepts of 30 to 35 feet (9 to 11
m) averaging 21 to 24 percent zinc. No reserve numbers have been announced. World
Hydrocarbons is currently doing preliminary mine planning for a possible open-pit mine.
Several other parties are interested in the sulfide potential of the district, particularly the
manto replacement deposits of the Blikenstaff stopes between the 850 and 1,000 levels
between the Horn Silver and New King David shafts. As many as four manto runs are
known to be present; ore mined from these manto runs had grades of 10 to 12 percent
zinc, 10 percent lead, and 10 ounces per ton (opt) (340 grams per metric ton [gpmt]) silver.

Rocky Range-Beaver Lake Districts

Little work was done by Nevada Star Resources on their copper properties in the
Rocky Range and Beaver Lake districts. The properties are fully permitted for mining and
a feasibility study has been completed, but Nevada Star is waiting for copper prices to
increase before beginning mine and plant construction. The drill-indicated resource for the
properties is 6.4 million st (5.8 million mt) of 0.74 percent copper. Nevada Star is also
seeking joint-venture partners for the project.

Star District

11
 Breccia Development Company drilled two prospects in and around the Star Range
south of Milford. Breccia drilled 22 holes with an average depth of 800 feet (240 m) on
their Star prospect. The targets were lead-zinc-silver vein and manto, and porphyry-
copper-style mineralization. The drilling intersected moderately anomalous copper, lead,
and zinc values but there were no ore-grade values. No additional work is planned for
2000. Breccia also drilled eight holes with depths of 800 to 900 feet (240 to 270 m) on
their SH prospect. The target was porphyry or Climax-style molybdenum. Anomalous
pathfinder element values were found in intrusive rhyolite and several deeper follow-up
holes are planned for 2000.

Southern Wah Wah Mountains-White Mountain Area

Breccia Development drilled a number of prospects in the southern Wah Wah

Mountains-White Mountain area west of Milford with mixed success. Breccia drilled a
single 1,100 foot (340 m) hole to test a magnetic anomaly west of Miners Hill Reservoir.
The hole intersected unaltered andesite and basalt with no anomalous values and the
prospect was abandoned.

Breccia drilled 15 to 20 holes on several prospects including the AB and IM areas on

its 2-D prospect for sediment- and volcanic-hosted gold. Most of the drilling targeted
Cambrian shales and limestones near and adjacent to altered and silicified zones.
Several of the holes were moderately successful with intercepts of 0.01 to 0.02 opt (0.34 to
0.68 gpmt) gold. Breccia is evaluating the results of this drilling program and planning its
2-D drilling program for 2000.

Breccia also drilled 17 holes with a total length of 20,400 feet (6,220 m) on their 3-D
prospect west of Milford to test magnetic and molybdenum-copper surface geochemical
anomalies. The drilling intersected an intrusive body and several mineralized zones
containing up to 6 percent zinc and 900 parts per billion gold. The target was porphyry or
Climax-style molybdenum, and the mineralized zones could represent fringe mineralization
from a porphyry system. Additional drilling is planned for 2000. The company is currently
looking for joint-venture partners for this and other prospects.

Mineral Mountains

Breccia Development drilled three additional holes on their AP prospect north of

Milford. A total of nine holes ranging in depth from 600 to 1,000 feet (200 to 300 m) have
been drilled to date on the property. The drilling intersected altered and pyritized
Paleozoic sedimentary units with anomalous copper, molybdenum, and gold values. The
company is currently evaluating the data.

Southwestern Utah

12
Goldstrike District

Bull Valley, LLC drilled six holes on their Goldstrike prospect in Washington County.
Drill holes ranged in depth from 1,200 to 1,600 feet (370 to 490 m). Five holes were
drilled in and around the Hamburg pit area and one hole was drilled approximately one
mile (1.6 km) to the west near the Covington pit. The target was structurally controlled
mineralization along east-west-trending structures. The drilling intersected breccia zones
and calcite veins with only somewhat elevated gold values. No additional work is planned.

Marysvale Area

In 1999, Tullaree Resources Ltd. drilled 12 holes of a planned 30+ hole program to
test the Cascade-Shamrock and Bully Boy base- and precious-metal vein systems in the
Ohio mining district southwest of Marysvale in Piute County. The total drilled footage was
8,240 feet (2,510 m) with hole depths ranging from 140 to 1,015 feet (43 to 309 m). Six
holes were drilled on the Bully Boy vein and tested a strike length of 2,135 feet (651 m) and
six holes were drilled on the Cascade, Shamrock, and Glen Erie vein systems over a strike
length of 1,175 feet (358 m). Multiple quartz-calcite veins and quartz-stockwork zones
were intersected by drilling, but no economic mineralization was discovered. Intercepts
ranged from five to sixty feet (2 to 18 m) thick with variable amounts of gold, silver, copper,
and lead and included gold values up to 0.44 opt (15 gpmt), silver values up to 2.3 opt (79
gpmt), copper values up to 1.82 percent, and lead values up to 2.0 percent. Additional
drilling is planned for 2000 to test the northern and southern extensions of the drilled veins
and to test several other targets identified during 1999 farther south in the Mt. Baldy
district.

UNICO Resources continued their exploration and mining operations at the Deer Trail
mine in the Mt. Baldy district southwest of Marysvale. During 1999, UNICO continued to
rehabilitate and upgrade the PHT tunnel (Lower or New Deer Trail) to MSHA standards
and dewater the 280 level of the 8,600 orebody. The company began shipping newly
mined and stockpiled lead-silver ore as part of its contract with ASARCO, Inc. to supply up
to 1,200 st (1,100 mt) per year of lead-silver concentrates to ASARCO’s East Helena
facility in Montana. UNICO also received approval to reopen the old Deer Trail mine which
is estimated to contain several hundred thousand tons of gold-silver ore. Work for 2000
will continue to concentrate on treating dumps, mining crushed ore from old stopes, and
developing existing known ore shoots for both gold-silver and lead-silver ore. The
company plans to install a 50-st-per-hour (45 mt) screening plant and build a mill using
gravity tables or Knelson concentrators. Initial feed will be approximately 175,000 st
(159,000 mt) of broken gold-silver ore in old stopes and dump material from the old Deer
Trail mine. The company is also investigating heavy media separation for the lead-zinc-
silver ore, and bench and pilot plant tests are underway.

13
Kaiparowits Plateau Area

3-R Minerals continued pilot-scale work on unconsolidated Recent fluvial sands at its
permitted Escalante zirconium-titanium prospect in southern Garfield County. The tests
showed that the upper sands contain from 15 to 25 percent heavy minerals and are
replenished with up to 3 to 5 feet (1 to 1.5 m) of new high-grade ore with each storm event.
The lower, more conglomeratic sands contain from 8 to 12 percent heavy minerals. Nearly
75 percent of the heavy mineral concentrate is zircon and the remainder is mostly ilmenite
and leucoxene. 3-R Minerals is in the process of amending its permit to include an on-site
50-st-per-hour (45 mt) sand-screening and spiral-gravity concentrating plant at the Alvey
Wash mine site. The permit amendment has been approved by DOGM but the U.S.
Bureau of Land Management (BLM) is proceeding with an Environmental Impact
Statement (EIS) on the permit modification. 3-R Minerals contends the EIS should not be
required under prior existing rights from the initial lease agreement which was with the
Utah School and Institutional Trust Lands Administration. Until the matter is resolved, 3-R
Minerals will continue to operate under its existing permit by hauling raw sand for off-site
concentration.

The status of 3-R Minerals’ Calf Canyon-Dave Canyon claims has not been resolved.
The BLM rejected 3-R Minerals’ application for a drilling permit because the claims were
located after the Carcass Canyon Wilderness Study Area (which encompasses the
claims) was established, and the BLM contends that any activity must follow a non-
impairment standard. The Interior Board of Land Appeals supported BLM’s decision and
3-R Minerals filed suit. 3-R Minerals contends that the area was found not suitable for
wilderness designation and legally should be managed under an undue degradation
standard. The case is currently before the U.S. Court of Federal Claims and the two
parties are in the process of jointly filing for summary judgement.

Other Areas

Southern Uinta Mountains

An independent prospector, G.R. Conn, drilled seven shallow holes from 60 to 150
feet (18 to 46 m) deep on his Warlock property in and along splays of the South Flank fault
in Duchesne County. Two holes were drilled to test a south-dipping, silicified, and iron-
stained fault breccia zone. The holes intersected thick pyritic clay or gouge zones before
drilling was halted due to lost circulation. An additional hole was drilled along the same
fault breccia zone approximately ½ mile (0.8 km) to the east. Three more shallow holes
were drilled to test a copper-silver anomaly in Cambrian quartzite approximately ½ mile
(0.8 km) north of the breccia zone. The holes intersected bleached and iron-stained
quartzite but copper values were low. Although no ore-grade intercepts were found, the
holes were anomalous in several pathfinder elements. In calendar year 2000 Mr. Conn
plans to deepen all of the previously drilled holes using improved drilling techniques.

14
Lisbon Valley

Summo Minerals (USA), Inc. is preparing an updated feasibility and project financing
study for its Lisbon Valley copper project. The study will be completed in early 2000. The
updated study will incorporate the existing construction, mining, acid, and power contracts
and confirm the project economics. The study will be used to secure project funding, but
development is not expected until the price of copper improves by 10 to 15 percent. The
Lisbon Valley project is an open-pit, heap-leach, solvent- extraction copper prospect with
minable reserves of 35 million st (32 million mt) of 0.464 percent copper. The project is
permitted and ready to proceed. The project was initially approved by the BLM and all
major permits were obtained in early 1997, but appeals and petitions for reconsideration
to the Interior Board of Land Appeals delayed final “unfettered” approval until March 1999.

In 1999, Summo Minerals drilled 10 holes with a total footage of nearly 6,000 feet
(1,800 m) to test scattered sandstone-hosted copper mineralization on Jarosite Hill where
copper mineralization is exposed along a strike length of 2,500 feet (760 m) and over a
stratigraphic thickness of 200 to 300 feet (60 to 90 m) in the Cutler, Kayenta, and Wingate
Formations. The drilling failed to identify a bulk minable reserve. A 15-hole drilling
program is planned for early 2000 to explore the southeastern extension of the Centennial
deposit. Testing of the northern extension of the Centennial deposit is planned for the
future, most likely when mine and plant construction begins. Copper mineralization was
encountered in six widely spaced holes in this area, but substantial in-fill drilling is required
to confirm the extent and continuity of the mineralization.

15
Links to figures:

Figure 1.
Utah mineral and coal valuation, 1996 through 1999.

Figure 2.
Utah value of nonfuel minerals, 1988 through 1998.

Figure 3. Location of brine processing plants around Great Salt Lake, Utah.

Figure 4. Utah coal production, 1989 through 1999.

Figure 5. Utah coal valuation, 1989 through 1999.
Figure 6. Major base- and precious-metals exploration areas in Utah during 1999.

16
 $1,500
Gross Value of Production (millions)

$1,250 1996

1997
$1,000 $960 $949

1998
$750 $688
$626
$583 1999
$533 $534
$501 $485
$500 $474 $453
$433

$326
$289
$250
$154 $153

$0
Base Metals Industrial Minerals Coal
Industry Segment
 $2,000
$1,840
$1,760

$1,560
Gross Value of Production (millions)

$1,520
$1,500
$1,334 $1,346
$1,290 $1,310 $1,303

$1,149

$1,015
$1,000

$500

$0
1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998
Year
 # /( /(
84 15

NORTH SHORE LTD PARTNERSHIP Cache

Box Elder
Brigham City

#Y

IMC KALIUM OGDEN CORP.

Great
#
Salt Weber Ogden

Lake
#Y

/(
84

Mo
Davis

/(

rg
an
15

MAGCORP

#
CARGILL SALT COMPANY

Salt Lake City

# #Y
/( #
/(
80

/(
2 15

80

Tooele MORTON INTERNATIONAL, INC.

Salt Lake
Tooele
Y
# /(
15
 30

27.1
26.4 26.6
26.3
Short Tons (millions)

25.1
25 24.4

22.0 21.9 21.7

21.0
20.5
20

15
1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
Year
 $550
Gross Value of Production (millions)

$501
$500
$490
$485
$479 $479
$472 $474

$459 $460
$452 $453
$450

$400

$350
1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
Year
 CACHE
RICH
Logan
BOX ELDER N
Randolph
Brigham

Great
Salt Ogden WEBER
0 50 miles
Lake MORGAN
DAVIS Morgan
Farmington
SUMMIT Manila DAGGETT
Coalville
Salt Lake City
SALT American Fork District
TOOELE Tooele LAKE Vernal
Oquirrh Heber
Southern Uinta
Mountains WASATCH Mountains
Provo
Duchesne
Tintic
Area UTAH DUCHESNE

JUAB Nephi
CARBON UINTAH
Price

Delta
Manti
MILLARD Castle Dale
SANPETE GRAND

Richfield
Milford EMERY
Area Marysvale Moab
Area SEVIER
BEAVER PIUTE Lisbon
Beaver Loa Valley
Junction WAYNE

GARFIELD
Parowan Monticello
IRON Panguitch

WASHINGTON
Kaiparowits SAN JUAN
Goldstrike Plateau
District KANE Area
St. George Kanab
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

SUMMARY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

OUTLOOK . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

MINE PERMIT SUMMARY AND STATUS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

EXPLORATION PERMITS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

NATIONAL RANKINGS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

BASE- AND PRECIOUS-METAL PRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

Copper . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
Magnesium Metal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
Molybdenum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
Beryllium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
Vanadium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
Gold and Silver . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

INDUSTRIAL MINERAL PRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

Sand and Gravel and Crushed Stone . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
Portland Cement, Lime, Limestone, and Dolomite . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
Salt, Magnesium Chloride, Potash (Potassium Chloride),
and Sulfate of Potash . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
Phosphate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
Gilsonite . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
Expanded Shale . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
Gypsum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
Common Clay and Bentonite . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

ENERGY MINERALS PRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10

Coal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
Uranium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11

BASE- AND PRECIOUS-METAL EXPLORATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11

Tintic Area . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
American Fork District . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
Milford Area . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
Beaver Lake Mountains District . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
San Francisco District . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
Star District . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
 Blue Mountain Area . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
Marysvale Area . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
Kaiparowits Plateau Area . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
Southern Uinta Mountains . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
Lisbon Valley . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
Henry Mountains . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
Other Areas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17

REFERENCES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
FIGURES

Figure 1. Value of Utah mineral and coal production, 1996 through 2000. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

Figure 2. Value of Utah nonfuel mineral production, 1990 through 1999. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

Figure 3. Location of brine industries around Great Salt Lake, Utah. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

Figure 4. Utah coal production, 1991 through 2000. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10

Figure 5. Major base- and precious-metals exploration areas in Utah during 2000. . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
 2000 Summary of Mineral Activity in Utah

R.L. Bon and R.W. Gloyn, Utah Geological Survey

SUMMARY

The value of Utah's mineral production (including coal) in 2000 is estimated to be $1.92 billion,
$102 million more than in 1999. Contributions from each of the major industry segments are: base
metals, $749 million (39 percent of total); industrial minerals, $500 million (26 percent of total); coal,
$464 million (24 percent of total); and precious metals, $212 million (11 percent of total).
The changes in Utah's mineral valuation by industry segment for the years 1996 through 2000 are
shown in figure 1. Compared to 1999, the 2000 values of: (1) base metals increased $123 million, (2)
industrial minerals decreased $83 million, (3) coal increased $4 million, and (4) precious metals
increased $59 million.

$1,200

$1,000 $960 $949

$800 $749
$688
Millions

$626
$600 $583
$533 $534
$500 $501 $485
$474 $460 $464
$433
$400
$326
$289

$212
$200 $154 $153

$0
Base Metals Industrial Minerals Coal Precious Metals

1996 1997 1998 1999 2000

Figure 1. Value of Utah mineral and coal production, 1996 through 2000.

The value of mineral production is expected to remain relatively high in 2001 primarily due to
increased production, but the increased volume will be offset by flat to declining base- and precious-
metal prices due to the economic slowdown that began in the second half of 2000.

1
 During the year 2000, the Utah Division of Oil, Gas and Mining received 11 Large Mine permit
applications (5 acres [2 hectares] and larger disturbance) and 56 new Small Mine permit applications
(less than 5 acres [2 hectares] disturbance). All of the Large Mine permit applications were made to
change from Small to Large Mine classification.
Mineral exploration statewide decreased significantly compared to 1999. Fifteen Notices of Intent
to explore on public lands were filed with the Utah Division of Oil, Gas and Mining in 2000, compared
to 26 in 1999, 22 in 1998, and 50 to 60 per year received during the early 1990s.
The U.S. Geological Survey ranked Utah 11th in the nation (down from 9th) in the value of nonfuel
minerals produced in 1999 (latest year that production figures are available). Utah accounted for
slightly more than 3 percent of the U.S. total nonfuel mineral production value.

OUTLOOK

The value of mineral production is expected to remain relatively high in 2001 primarily due to
increased production, but the increased volume will be offset by flat to declining base- and precious-
metal prices due to the economic slowdown that began in the second half of 2000. Operator surveys
indicate that in 2001: base-metal production will be mixed with an increase in copper and a decrease in
magnesium and molybdenum; industrial-minerals production should remain relatively high, although a
reduced demand for sand and gravel and cement may result in an overall lower total value; coal
production is expected to increase as are average coal prices; and precious-metal production will be
mixed with a decrease in gold partially offset by an increase in silver. The anticipated re-opening of two
small mines may add to the overall level of both precious- and base-metals production. Exploration for
both base and precious metals is expected to remain relatively low.

MINE PERMIT SUMMARY AND STATUS

During the year 2000, the Utah Division of Oil, Gas and Mining (DOGM) received 11 Large Mine
permit applications (5 acres [2 hectares] and larger disturbance) and 56 new Small Mine permit
applications (less than 5 acres [2 hectares] disturbance). All of the Large Mine permit applications
were made to change from Small to Large Mine status. These numbers represent an increase of six
Large Mine permit applications and a decrease of one Small Mine permit application compared to
1999. New Large Mine permits include seven dimension stone quarries, two limestone quarries
(aggregate), one gypsum quarry, and one dimension stone mill site. New Small Mine permits are
grouped as follows: industrial minerals - 42, precious metals - 5, gemstones and fossils - 5, and mill
sites - 4.
The state has 85 active Large Mines (excluding sand and gravel) that are grouped by industry
segment as follows: base metals - 4, precious metals - 1, coal - 12, and industrial minerals (including
gemstones, geodes, and fossils) - 68. One hundred four Small Mines reported production in 2000, 24
more than in 1999. Small Mines are grouped as follows: base metals - 1, precious metals - 13,

2
industrial minerals - 90 (including building, decorative and dimension stone, gemstones, fossils, and
geodes).
In December 2000, DOGM sent 427 annual report questionnaires to all Large and Small Mine
permit holders. By March 13, 2001, 331 reports had been received. Sixty-four Large Mines and 111
Small Mines reported production. Several reporting mines produced more than one commodity.

EXPLORATION PERMITS

Mineral exploration statewide decreased significantly compared to 1999. Fifteen Notices of Intent
(NOIs) to explore on public lands were filed with DOGM in 2000, compared to 26 in 1999, and 22 in
1998. The number of new NOIs listed by county included: Beaver - 7, Box Elder - 1, Kane - 2,
Millard - 1, Tooele - 2, Uintah - 1, and Washington -1. Ten permits were issued for industrial minerals
exploration and five for precious metals.

NATIONAL RANKINGS

The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) ranked Utah 11th in the nation (down from 9th) in the value of
nonfuel minerals produced in 1999 (latest year that production figures are available). Utah accounted
for slightly more than 3 percent of the U.S. total nonfuel mineral production value. Based on USGS
estimates of quantities produced in the 50 states during 1999, Utah remained the only state to produce
beryllium concentrates and was the first of two magnesium-metal-producing states. The state remained
second in copper and potash; fourth in gold, molybdenum, phosphate rock, and Grade-A helium; and
fifth in silver, bentonite, and perlite. Utah rose to third from fourth in magnesium compounds, to fifth
from sixth in salt, to sixth from seventh in gemstones, but dropped from sixth to ninth in construction
sand and gravel. Additionally, the state was a significant producer of lime (Tanner, 2001).
USGS data show that between 1990 and 1999 the value of nonfuel mineral production in Utah
ranged from a low of $1.18 billion in 1991 to a high of $1.84 billion in 1995 (figure 2). The value of
nonfuel mineral production for 1999 is estimated to be $1.26 billion. The Utah Geological Survey's
(UGS) estimate for the value of nonfuel mineral production for 2000 is $1.46 billion, $98 million more
than the UGS’s 1999 estimate.

BASE- AND PRECIOUS-METAL PRODUCTION

Base-metal production, with an estimated value of $749 million, was the largest contributor to the
value of minerals produced in 2000 (figure 1). In descending order of value, those metals are: copper,
magnesium metal, molybdenum, and beryllium. Precious-metal production, valued at $212 million,
included gold (90 percent of total value) and silver (10 percent of total value). Kennecott Utah Copper
Corporation’s Bingham Canyon mine, located in Salt Lake County, a few miles west of Salt Lake City,

3
 $2.00
$1,840

$1,740
$1.75 $1,680

$1,520
$1.50
$1,350
Billions

$1,340 $1,340
$1,310
$1,260
$1.25 $1,180

$1.00

$0.75

$0.50
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999

Figure 2. Value of Utah nonfuel mineral production, 1990 through 1999.

is the state’s sole producer of copper, silver, and molybdenum, and a major producer of gold. The
combined value of minerals produced from the Bingham Canyon mine is more than one-third of the
total value of all minerals produced statewide.

Copper

Copper is the largest contributor to the value of nonfuel minerals in the state. Significant price
increases in 1994 and 1995 pushed the value of copper to historical highs and the value of base-metal
production statewide to over $1 billion for the first time in 1995. Since 1995, the price of copper has
fallen significantly ($1.38/lb [$3.04/kg] in 1995 vs $0.76/lb [$1.68/kg] in 1999). Copper prices
increased somewhat in 2000, averaging $0.89/lb [$1.96/kg]. Copper production from Kennecott's
Bingham Canyon mine increased slightly in 2000 to approximately 330,000 short tons (st), (300,000
metric tons [mt]) from 1999 production of approximately 310,000 st (282,000 mt) of copper metal.
Kennecott's annual copper production has stabilized at slightly more than 300,000 st (272,000 mt).

Magnesium Metal

Magnesium metal was the second-largest contributor to the value of base metals in 2000.
Magnesium metal is produced from Great Salt Lake brines by Magnesium Corporation of America at
its electrolytic plant at Rowley in Tooele County. The plant has a capacity to produce 47,000 st
(43,000 mt) of magnesium metal (99.9 percent purity) annually and is one of only two active primary

4
processing facilities in the U.S. Magnesium production was less than capacity in 2000, due to
construction of a new process circuit and increased control of flue-gas emissions. Demand for
magnesium metal has decreased worldwide and domestic producer prices were at their lowest level
since 1994.

Molybdenum

The sole molybdenum producer in Utah is Kennecott's Bingham Canyon mine, which produced
more than 15,000 st (14,000 mt) of molybdenum concentrate (MoS2) in 2000, a substantial increase
from 1999 production. The Bingham Canyon mine was one of six (down from eight) molybdenum-
producing mines in the U.S. in 2000. Molybdenum is recovered as a by-product from the copper
milling operation.

Beryllium

Utah continued to be the nation's leading producer of beryllium metal. Beryllium ore (bertrandite) is
mined at Brush Wellman, Inc.’s Topaz and Hogs Back mines in Juab County and processed with
imported beryl at the company's plant a few miles north of Delta in Millard County. The Hogs Back
mine began producing in 1998. In 2000, more than 100,000 st (91,000 mt) of ore was mined and
trucked to the company’s Delta plant for processing. The product (beryllium hydroxide) is then sent to
the company-owned refinery and finishing plant in Ohio, where it is converted into beryllium metal,
alloys, and oxide. The demand for beryllium alloys and beryllium oxide has increased modestly over
the past several years because alloys are increasingly used in the automobile and electronics industries.
Slightly more beryllium ore was mined in 2000 than in 1999.

Vanadium

No vanadium ore was mined in Utah in 2000, as vanadium prices remained near a five-year low
(Reese, 2001).

Gold and Silver

Gold production in 2000 is estimated to be nearly 700,000 Troy ounces (oz) (21,800 kg), a
substantial increase from the 470,000 oz (14,600 kg) produced in 1999. Gold is produced from two
surface mines owned by Kennecott Corporation: one primary producer (Barneys Canyon mine) and
one by-product operation (Bingham Canyon mine), both located in Salt Lake County. Several small
mines in the state are known to produce minor amounts of precious metals, but metal-specific
production is not reported, and not included in the above totals. Barneys Canyon mine will exhaust its
ore reserve in late 2001, but will continue to produce gold for several years at a reduced rate until its
leach pads are depleted.

5
 Silver production statewide was estimated to be approximately 4.0 million oz (0.124 million kg),
nearly 300,000 oz (9,300 kg) more than 1999. Silver was produced as a by-product metal from the
Bingham Canyon mine.

INDUSTRIAL MINERAL PRODUCTION

The industrial minerals segment, with an estimated value of $500 million, was the second-largest
contributor to the value of minerals produced in 2000 (figure 1). Major commodities produced by
group or individual commodity in descending order of value included: (1) sand and gravel and crushed
stone; (2) Portland cement, lime, limestone, and dolomite; (3) salines, including sulfate of potash, salt,
potash (potassium chloride), and magnesium chloride; (4) phosphate; (5) gilsonite; (6) expanded shale;
(7) gypsum; and (8) common clay and bentonite.

Sand and Gravel and Crushed Stone

Sand and gravel, and crushed stone (including limestone and dolomite) are the highest contributors
to the value of industrial minerals produced in 2000. These materials are produced in every county in
Utah by commercial operators, and by state, federal, and county agencies. Due to the large number
and diversity of producers, operators are not sent UGS production questionnaires. However, data are
compiled by the USGS. The data show that in 2000, 43.7 million st (39.7 million mt) of sand and
gravel, and 8.9 million st (8.1 million mt) of crushed stone were produced, with a combined value of
$168.4 million. This compares to 43.4 million st (39.5 million mt) of sand and gravel and 9.7 million st
(8.8 million mt) of crushed stone produced in 1999, with a combined value of $170.3 million (Tepordei,
2001).

Portland Cement, Lime, Limestone, and Dolomite

Portland cement, lime, limestone, and dolomite were the second-highest value industrial minerals
produced in 2000, with a combined value of $137.1 million. Two operators produce Portland cement
in Utah: Holnam, Inc. and Ash Grove Cement Company. Holnam's Devil's Slide plant is east of
Morgan in Morgan County, and Ash Grove's Leamington plant is east of Lynndyl in Juab County.
Both companies have expanded production capacity and the two plants have a combined capacity of
more than 1.5 million st (1.4 million mt) of cement annually. Both plants operated at, or near, capacity
in 2000. In addition to limestone, both Holnam and Ash Grove Cement mine modest amounts of shale
that is also used in the manufacture of cement.
Lime production was slightly lower in 2000 than 1999. Graymont Western U.S., Inc. (formerly
Continental Lime Company), which produces high-calcium lime, and Chemical Lime of Arizona, Inc.,
which produces dolomitic lime, are the two suppliers of calcined limestone (quick lime) and hydrated
lime in Utah, with a combined capacity of more than 1.0 million st (0.9 million mt) per year. Both
operations serve markets in Utah and surrounding states. Continental Lime's plant is in the Cricket
Mountains, approximately 35 miles (56 km) southwest of Delta in Millard County, and is rated as one

6
of the 10 largest lime plants in the United States. Chemical Lime of Arizona's plant is about 8 miles (13
km) northwest of Grantsville in Tooele County.
In addition, 19 companies quarried 2.4 million st (2.2 million mt) of limestone and dolomite in 2000,
which was used mainly in construction, steel-making, and flue-gas desulfurization in power plants. The
three largest suppliers of crushed limestone used in construction are: Valley Asphalt Company, from
two quarries in Utah County; Pelican Point Rock Products Company (formerly Larsen Limestone
Company), from one quarry in Utah County; and Harper Construction Company, from one quarry in
Salt Lake County. A small amount of limestone and dolomite was also crushed to a fine powder and
marketed as “rock dust” to the coal mining industry.

Salt, Magnesium Chloride, Potash (Potassium Chloride),

and Sulfate of Potash

Brine-derived products, including salt, are the third-largest contributors to the value of industrial
mineral production in Utah, with a combined value of about $100 million. In addition to salt, other
brine-derived products include magnesium chloride and potash (potassium chloride and sulphate of
potash [SOP]). One company (North Shore Limited Partnership) produces a small amount of
concentrated brine which is used as an ingredient in mineral food supplements. The location of
operators around Great Salt Lake is shown in figure 3. The statewide production of salt and other
brine-derived products, excluding magnesium metal, is estimated to be 3.4 million st (3.1 million mt) in
2000, essentially the same as 1999. Potash production (including SOP) is estimated to be about
230,000 st (210,000 mt) in 2000, approximately 175,000 st (160,000 mt) less than 1999.
Salt production alone is estimated to be 3.0 million st (2.7 million mt) in 2000, about 600,000 st
(545,000 mt) more than 1999, with most of the production coming from three operators using brine
from Great Salt Lake. These operators are, in descending order of production: (1) IMC Kalium
Ogden Corporation (formerly GSL Minerals), (2) Cargill Salt Company, and (3) Morton International,
Inc. In addition, three other companies produce salt and/or potash from operations not located on
Great Salt Lake: (1) Reilly Chemical Company at Wendover in Tooele County (potash), (2) Moab Salt
Company near Moab in Grand County (salt and potash), and (3) Redmond Minerals, Inc. near
Redmond in Sanpete County (salt).

Phosphate

Utah's only phosphate producer, SF Phosphates Ltd.’s Vernal phosphate operation, is 11 miles (18
km) north of Vernal in Uintah County. SF Phosphates is a partnership of Farmland Industries, Inc.
(Missouri) and J.R. Simplot, Inc. (Idaho). The company mines roughly 3.0 million st (2.7 million mt) of
ore annually, which is processed into about 1.0 million st (0.9 million mt) of concentrate and
transported in slurry form to the company's Rock Springs, Wyoming fertilizer plant via a 90-mile-long

7
 # / (
( /84 15

N OR T H SH O R E L T D P AR T N E R SH IP Cache

Bo x Elde r
Brigha m City
#

IM C K ALIU M O GD E N C OR P .

Great #
Salt W eb er Og de n
#
Lake
/
(
84

M or
Davis

gan
M AG N ES IU M C O PO R AT IO N OF AM E R IC A /
(
15

C AR G IL L SA LT C O M PA N Y

Sa lt Lake City
# "
#
/
( âÚ
Ê
80
#
/
(
2 15

Tooe le
/
(
80

M OR T O N IN T E R N AT IO N AL, IN C .

0 10 20 Miles
N Sa lt Lake
Tooe le
# /
(
15

Figure 3. Location of brine industries around Great Salt Lake, Utah.

8
(144 km) underground pipeline. During 2000, the mine produced more than 3.5 million st (3.2 million
mt) of ore, the highest production level in the past nine years.

Gilsonite

Gilsonite production for 2000 is estimated to be more than 60,000 st (55,000 mt), approximately
10,000 st (9,000 mt) more than 1999. Gilsonite is an unusual solid hydrocarbon that has been mined in
Utah for more than 100 years. The three operations producing gilsonite are all near the town of
Bonanza in eastern Uintah County. In descending order of production they are: (1) American Gilsonite
Company’s Bonanza mine, (2) Zeigler Chemical and Minerals Company’s Zeigler and Tom Taylor
mines, and (3) Lexco, Inc.’s Cottonwood mine. Gilsonite is marketed worldwide for use in over 150
products ranging from printing inks to explosives. Gilsonite production has been relatively stable for the
past several years.

Expanded Shale

One company, Utelite, Inc., mined more than 200,000 st (181,000 mt) of shale in 2000 to
manufacture “expanded shale” for use as a lightweight aggregate for the construction industry. The
mine is located near the town of Wanship in Summit County. Production of “expanded shale”
increased slightly over the past year.

Gypsum

More than 500,000 st (455,000 mt) of gypsum was produced by seven companies in 2000, 20,000
st (18,000 mt) more than in 1999. In descending order of production, the companies are: (1) U.S.
Gypsum Company, (2) Georgia Pacific Corporation, (3) Nephi Gypsum, Inc., (4) Nephi Sandstone
Company, (5) H.E. Davis and Sons, (6) D.K. Gypsum Industries, and (7) Western Clay Company.
Both U.S. Gypsum and Georgia Pacific operate wall board plants near Sigurd in Sevier County. The
majority of gypsum produced in Utah is used for making wall board, but several operators supply raw
gypsum to regional cement companies where it is used as an additive to retard the setting time of
cement and to the agriculture industry for use as a soil conditioner.

Common Clay and Bentonite

More than 325,000 st (295,000 mt) of common clay and approximately 60,000 st (55,000 mt) of
bentonite were produced by six companies in 2000, an 11 percent increase in common clay and a 30
percent decrease in bentonite compared to 1999. In descending order of production the companies
are: (1) Interstate Brick Company (common clay), (2) ECDC Environmental, LLC (common clay), (3)
Interpace Industries (common clay), (4) Western Clay Company (bentonite), (5) Redmond Minerals,
Inc. (bentonite), and (6) Paradise Management Company (common clay). More than 75 percent of all
clay is used in the manufacture of brick. Bentonite is used as a sealant in many civil engineering

9
applications, as a pet waste absorbent (litter box filler), as an additive in oil and gas drilling fluids, and
as a binder in foundry molds.

ENERGY MINERALS PRODUCTION

Coal

Utah’s operators mined 26.9 million st (24.4 million mt) of coal from 12 underground mines in 2000,
which was valued at $464 million, approximately 400,000 st (364,000 mt) more than 1999 (figures 1
and 4). Utah’s only coal waste reprocessing plant was idle during the year. Production in 2000 was
the second-highest in Utah history. The mines are located in Carbon (6), Emery (5), and Sevier (1)
Counties in east-central Utah. The coal reprocessing facility is located near the town of Wellington in
Carbon County. The largest coal producer was the SUFCO mine, operated by Canyon Fuel
Company, LLC (Sevier County) which produced nearly 6.0 million st (5.5 million mt) of raw coal. In
addition, the following four mines each produced in excess of 3.0 million st (2.7 million mt) of coal: (1)
Deer Creek mine, operated by Energy West Mining Company (Pacificorp, Inc.) (Emery County); (2)
Skyline #1 and #3 mines, operated by Canyon Fuel Company, LLC (Carbon and Emery Counties);
(3) Crandall Canyon mine, operated by Genwal Coal Company (Emery County); and (4) Trail
Mountain mine, operated by Energy West Mining Company (Emery County).

30

27.1 26.9
27 26.4 26.6 26.5
Short Tons (millions)

25.1
24.4

24

21.9 21.7
21.0
21

18

15
1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000

Figure 4. Utah coal production, 1991 through 2000.

10
 Slightly more than 50 percent of Utah’s coal was consumed by electric utilities within the state.
Coal is utilized for industrial purposes within the state, shipped to electric utilities and industrial users in
other states, and exported to Pacific Rim countries for both power generation and industrial use. One
new mine located in Carbon County (West Ridge) began producing coal in early 2000. The Willow
Creek mine (RAG International, Inc.) was closed following a mine explosion and fire in July 2000, and
will remain closed indefinitely. The Trial Mountain mine and White Oak Mining and Construction
Company’s White Oak #2 mine will be closed in April 2001, because of economic reserve depletion.
In spite of these mine closings, coal production is expected to increase to a record level in 2001.

Uranium

Because of the continued weak market for uranium, there was no uranium ore mined in Utah in
2000, and International Uranium Corporation’s White Mesa mill was idle the entire year. U.S. Energy
Company’s Shootaring Canyon mill in Garfield County was also idle during the year and no milling is
planned until there is a significant increase in the price of both uranium and vanadium.

BASE- AND PRECIOUS-METAL EXPLORATION

Base- and precious-metal exploration remained at a low level during 2000. DOGM received 15
Notices of Intent (NOIs) to explore; eleven less than in 1999 and significantly lower than the 50 to 60
per year received during the early 1990s. Five of the NOIs were for precious metals and 10 were for
industrial minerals. Most drilling was around existing mines, or as follow-up on previous drilling. Most
exploration was for precious metals, but several projects were for copper, or lead and zinc. Figure 5
shows the location of mining districts, exploration areas, and properties discussed below.

Tintic Area

Chief Consolidated Mining, through its subsidiaries Tintic Utah Metals (owned 75 percent by Chief)
and Chief Gold Mines, Inc. (owned 100 percent by Chief), continued exploration and rehabilitation
work on its East Tintic properties in Juab County.
At the Trixie mine (Chief Gold Mines, Inc.), surface drilling of 29 holes led to the discovery of a
high-grade ore body at depths of 600 to 700 ft (180-215 m) approximately 1,200 ft (365 m) south of
the Trixie shaft. The discovery hole intersected 30 ft (9 m) of ore that averaged 3.2 oz per short ton
(oz/t) (100 grams per metric ton [g/t]) gold and 7.1 oz/t (220 g/t) silver. Follow-up drilling blocked out
ore reserves of 70,500 st (64,000 mt) averaging 0.75 oz/t (23.3 g/t) gold and 5 oz/t (156 g/t) silver
after cutting all gold assay values to 1 oz/t (31 g/t). In several drill holes, gold assays ranged from 2.1
to 17.1 oz/t (65-530 g/t) gold. The new ore body represents an upper extension of the 75-85 oreshoot
along the 757 fissure. The 75-85 oreshoot had been previously mined by Kennecott and Sunshine.
The ore is similar to that previously mined, consisting of quartzite breccia with ore and gangue filling the
voids between breccia clasts and locally replacing gouge and fine grained fault breccia. The ore

11
 CACHE
RICH
Logan
BOX ELDER N
Randolph
Brigham

Great
Salt Ogden WEBER
0 50 miles
Lake MORGAN
DAVIS Morgan
Farmington
SUMMIT Manila DAGGETT
Coalville
Salt Lake City
SALT American Fork District
TOOELE Tooele LAKE Vernal
Heber
Southern Uinta
WASATCH Mountains
Provo
Duchesne
Lucky Tintic
13 Area UTAH DUCHESNE
Coyote
JUAB Knolls CARBON UINTAH
Nephi Price

Sand
Pass Delta
Manti
MILLARD Castle Dale
SANPETE GRAND

Richfield
Milford EMERY
Area Marysvale Moab
Area SEVIER
BEAVER PIUTE Lisbon
Beaver Loa Valley
Junction WAYNE

GARFIELD Henry
Parowan Monticello
Panguitch Mountains
IRON

WASHINGTON
Kaiparowits SAN JUAN
Plateau
KANE Area
St. George Kanab

Figure 5. Major base- and precious-metals exploration areas in Utah during 2000.

12
consists of copper, lead, zinc, and silver sulfides and sulfosalts (enargite, tetrahedrite-tennantite,
polybasite, pyrargyrite, and other minerals), pyrite, and native gold in a gangue of quartz, barite,
chalcedony, and sericite.
In November 2000, a station was completed at the 600 level of the Trixie shaft and a drift was
begun to access the ore body. By the end of February 2001, the drift was approximately 600 ft (180
m) from the shaft. Production from the new ore body is expected to begin in mid- to late 2001. The
ore will be processed at the rehabilitated Burgin mill (420 st per day [stpd]) (380 mt per day [mtpd])
owned by Tintic Utah Metals, LLC. The mill was test operated from June to August using low-grade,
stockpiled Trixie ore and then placed on standby in September, awaiting production from the high-
grade zone.
Additional underground exploration drilling was done in the Trixie mine to explore for continuations
of known ore shoots. The drilling included three underground diamond drill holes and over 8,000 ft
(2,400 m) of long-hole drilling. Drilling was done from the 750, 1050, and 1250 levels. Although this
program discovered additional ore, most development work for 2001 will concentrate on the newly
discovered ore body on the 600 and 750 levels. In addition, detailed surface work and structural re-
interpretation indicated a covered “Trixie-like” target approximately 1,800 ft (550 m) south of the
Trixie mine. A geophysical survey is planned and the target will be drilled in either 2001 or 2002.
No drilling was done on the Burgin, Eureka Standard, or Apex properties in 2000. No decision has
been made by the Utah Division of Water Rights on dewatering the Burgin mine and no further work is
expected on the property until a dewatering permit is granted.

American Fork District

Unico Incorporated acquired the Silver Bell mine east of Alpine in Utah County. The mine has over
1,000 ft (300 m) of developed drifts, but only a limited amount of ore has been mined. The ore is in a
5- to 6-ft-wide (1.5-1.8 m) vein with silver, copper, lead, zinc, and gold values. The upper part of the
deposit is oxidized, but sulfides are present in the lower levels of the workings. Plans for 2001 call for
rehabilitation of the workings with mining to begin as early as mid-2001. The ore will be shipped to the
company’s mill at the Deer Trail mine near Marysvale in Piute County.

Milford Area

The Milford area in Beaver County was the most active exploration area in the state. Exploration
and drilling were done by several companies and individuals including Breccia Development Company
and Nevada Star Resources. Exploration was concentrated in the Beaver Lake Mountains, Star, and
San Francisco districts, and in the Blue Mountain area. Targeted minerals include gold, silver, copper,
lead, and zinc. The following targets are all located within the Milford area (figure 5).

Beaver Lake Mountains District

Nevada Star Resources drilled eight wide-spaced holes on their Beaver Lake-Rocky Range copper
property northwest of Milford in Beaver County. The holes were drilled in the pediment west of the

13
Copper Ranch mine and south of the OK mine. Holes were drilled to an average depth of 600 ft (180
m) and spaced approximately 1,000 ft (300 m) apart. Six of the eight holes penetrated significant
copper intercepts and follow-up drilling on closer spacing is planned for 2001.
Nevada Star is currently attempting to secure financing to bring the property into production. A full
feasibility study was completed in 1998 for an open-pit, heap-leach, oxide copper operation capable of
producing 5,000 st (4,500 mt) copper metal per year. Previously announced drill-indicated reserves
for the property are 6.4 million st (5.8 million mt) of 0.74 percent copper.

San Francisco District

In September 2000, Horn Silver Mines leased their patented claims surrounding the Horn Silver and
King David mines in Beaver County to Franconia Minerals Corporation. Franconia plans to conduct
underground mapping and sampling of the accessible workings, followed by surface drilling, which
could begin as early as June 2001. The main target is lead-zinc-silver sulfide replacement deposits in
limestone in the footwall of the Horn Silver fault. As many as four manto runs are known between the
850 and 1000 levels, in the area between the Horn Silver and King David shafts. In the past, ore
mined from these runs had grades of 10 to12 percent zinc, 10 percent lead, and 10 oz/t (340 g/t) silver.
A portion of the property having zinc oxide potential was previously leased by World Hydrocarbons.

Star District

Breccia Development Company drilled nine holes on their Star project, located in Beaver County
east of the Harrington-Hickory mine in the northern part of the district. Holes were drilled from 600 to
1,000 ft (180-300 m) deep and the target was lead-silver, manto-style mineralization similar to that at
the Harrington-Hickory mine. The drilling intersected anomalous lead, zinc, and silver values, but
assays have not been released. Additional drilling is planned for 2001.
Breccia Development drilled an additional nine holes on their Goldstar project, located three miles
southwest of the Star project. These holes also were 600 to 1,000 ft (180-300 m) deep. Most of the
drilling was west of the old workings in the area (Vicksburg mine, Estelle mine, etc.). Exploration
targets included distal disseminated gold in altered and silicified Mesozoic sandstones and shales, lead-
zinc replacements in Permian limestones, copper- or zinc-bearing skarns in limestone roof pendants and
at the contact of the granodiorite intrusive, and possible porphyry copper mineralization within the
intrusive stock. Additional drilling is planned for 2001. No work was done during 2000 on the SH
molybdenum prospect on the west side of the Star Range.

Blue Mountain Area

Breccia Development drilled 10 holes north of Jockey Road on their AB prospect in the central
Blue Mountain area of Beaver County. Four holes were drilled to a depth of 1,500 ft (460 m) and the
remaining six were drilled to depths between 600 and 800 ft (180-240 m). The target was
disseminated gold in Oligocene volcanic tuffs and flows and underlying Cambrian carbonate units. The

14
drilling intersected anomalous gold and pathfinder elements in decalcified dolomite. Farther east, 1998
drilling had intersected ore-grade mineralization associated with jasperoids in limestone. Additional
drilling is planned for 2001. No work was done in 2000 on the 2-D copper-molybdenum prospect on
the east side of Blue Mountain, or the Red Hills gold-silver prospect south of Jockey Road. However,
both prospects are still active and drilling is planned in 2001.

Marysvale Area

Unico, Inc. continued exploration and development operations at the Deer Trail mine in the Mt.
Baldy district southwest of Marysvale, Piute County. During 2000, the company began construction of
a 400 stpd (360 mtpd) mill that is scheduled to become operational in early March 2001. The current
mill is a gravity-flotation mill, but a heavy medium separation circuit is scheduled to be installed in mid-
2001. Little ore was mined or milled during 2000, and most of the development work concentrated on
rehabilitation of the PTH level (Lower or New Deer Trail mine). Plans for 2001 call for mining the
high-grade manto zones of the 3400 orebody above the PTH level, exploring the Wet Fissure below
the PTH level, establishing secondary surface access (probably through the Old Deer Trail mine),
rehabilitating the PTH workings from the 3400 to 8600 areas to MSHA standards, and draining the
flooded levels of the 8600 ore zone. In addition, the company plans to investigate the feasibility of
driving a lower adit at least 500 ft (150 m) below the PTH level to access lower ore zones.

Kaiparowits Plateau Area

In July 1999, 3-R Minerals submitted a Notice to Amend for its titanium-zirconium prospect in
southern Garfield County. The company also requested approval to construct an on-site concentrating
facility, consisting of up to 34 spiral concentrators, at their Coal Bed Canyon mine site south of
Escalante in Garfield County. The draft EIS was issued in November 2000, and the BLM
recommended authorization, noting it was a grandfathered School and Institutional Trust Lands’ lease.
The public comment period ended in January 2001, and the final EIS is being prepared. Once
approval is obtained, mining of Recent unconsolidated, heavy-mineral fluvial sands could begin at the
permitted mine site in Alvey Wash. The planned capacity of the concentrating facility would be 50 st
(45 mt) per hour resulting in an estimated annual production of 5,000 st (4,500 mt) zircon and 1,250 st
(1,125 mt) titanium minerals. No significant mining was done during 2000, but an estimated 50 st (45
mt) of ore was transported off site for classification and spiral testing.
The status of 3-R Mineral’s Calf Canyon-Dave Canyon federal claims remains unresolved. The
case is currently before the U.S. Federal Court of Claims in Washington, D.C.

Southern Uinta Mountains

Dal Quinn Exploration and Mining Company continued exploration on its copper-silver property in
the southern Uinta Mountains 30 miles (50 km) north of Duchesne, Duchesne County. The main target
is altered fault and breccia zones along the Hoyt Canyon and South Flank faults. Surface samples of

15
clay gouge along both faults in the eastern part of the property returned assays of 9.5, 21, and 58 oz/t
(300, 650, and 1,800 g/t) silver along with anomalous to possibly ore-grade tungsten values. To date,
seven holes ranging in depth from 30 to 120 ft (9-36 m) have been drilled on the property; four in
1999 and three in 2000. None of the holes reached their planned target depth because of lost
circulation or lack of water for drilling. Three holes were drilled along the South Flank fault, three along
the Hoyt Canyon fault, and one in an area of strong limonite staining in quartzite. Partial assay results
are available for two of the holes drilled along the Hoyt Canyon fault. The eastern hole was drilled to a
depth of 70 ft (21 m) and contained 2.5 oz/t (78 g/t) silver from 10 to 20 ft (3-6 m) and 9.8 oz/t (305
g/t) silver, 0.3 percent copper, 0.5 percent zinc, and 0.7 percent tungsten. The western hole was
drilled to a depth of 80 ft (24 m) and contained 21 oz/t (650 g/t) silver and 0.1 percent copper between
70 and 80 ft (21-24 m). The company is waiting for assay results from other drill intervals. Drilling
plans for 2001 include deepening two holes and drilling four or more additional holes to the west along
the Hoyt Canyon fault. Planned drill depths are 350 to 700 ft (100-215 m). In addition to the
fault/breccia mineralization, the property contains wide zones of specular hematite and several 5- to 15-
ft-wide (1.5-4.5 m) zones assaying up to 40 percent manganese, with anomalous cobalt, molybdenum,
and vanadium.

Lisbon Valley

In early 2000, Summo Minerals Corporation expanded its San Juan County deposit by initially
drilling 15 holes southwest of the Centennial orebody on a 200 by 400 ft (61 by 122 m) grid pattern;
14 of the 15 holes intersected the ore zone with an average thickness of 44 ft (13 m) and an average
grade of 0.504 percent copper. Follow-up drilling of 47 in-fill and extension holes (62 holes total)
further delineated the new Centennial Southeast Extension orebody. The new orebody is 300 to 800 ft
(90-240 m) wide and extends over 2,200 ft (670 m) southwest of the designed southern high wall of
the Centennial pit. The orebody consists of sooty chalcocite and bornite in the basal Dakota Sandstone
beneath 130 to 325 ft (40-100 m) of overburden. Forty of the 62 holes intersected the ore body and
averaged 45 ft (14 m) of 0.68 percent copper. The ore body is still open to the southeast. In addition,
Summo drilled a water well north of the Centennial pit that intersected 65 ft (20 m) of greater than 0.10
percent copper. Although no additional exploration is planned for 2001, the northwest and southeast
areas will be tested sometime in the future. The Winters Company calculated the following proven and
probable reserves using a $0.90 per lb copper price as part of a Feasibility Study Update 2000. The
new reserves include the Centennial South East Extension, but also reclassified some low-grade
material from ore to waste.

Pit Reserves Cu (%) Strip ratio

Centennial 27,986,000 st (25,389,000 mt) 0.534 2.3:1
Sentinel 6,156,000 st (5,585,000 mt) 0.325 0.5:1
GTO 2,601,000 st (2,360,000 mt) 0.744 5.7:1

16
 The Final Feasibility Study indicated a cash operating cost of $0.45 per pound copper and a total
projected production cost of $0.73 per pound copper over a mine life of 8½ years. The project is fully
permitted and a decision has been made to go forward with development. Construction could begin as
soon as financing is secured. Once construction has begun, cathode copper production is expected
within 14 months, with estimated production of 40 million lbs (18 million kg) per year.

Henry Mountains

Both Kaibab Industries and Martinque Mining did exploration work in the Bromide Basin area east
of Mount Ellen in northern Garfield County. In 2000, Kaibab Industries drilled 12 holes with an
aggregate footage of nearly 10,000 ft (3,000 m). The holes were drilled to test the high-grade Bromide
and Crescent Creek veins and the Kimble-Turner shear zone. Assay results have not been released,
but a wide zone of disseminated copper mineralization was intersected in the Kimble-Turner shear
zone. Work continued on mining and rehabilitation of the Bromide and Crescent Creek mines. The
Crescent Creek adit was re-opened with more than 300 ft (90 m) of drifting done on the Crescent
Creek vein, and slightly more than 450 ft (140 m) of drifting was done on the Bromide vein to the east.
Approximately 900 st (800 mt) of ore was milled at the Martinque mill.
During 2000, Martinque Mining built an access road and portal to the Martinque mine near the top
of Bartons Peak, and drove an adit approximately 30 ft (10 m) along the vein. The vein trends
approximately N 70° W, is 6 to 8 ft (2-2.4 m) wide, and assays up to 3.0 oz/t (100 g/t) gold.
Martinique also completed a geochemical soil survey on the Butler Wash property north of Crescent
Creek. Assay results have not yet been received.
Martinique also completed a surface sampling program over the alluvial placers along and adjacent
to Crescent Creek east of the Bromide Basin. Results indicated an average cyanide-recovered grade
of 0.05 oz/t (2 g/t) gold for alluvial placers. The alluvial placers cover an area of 2,800 acres (1,100
ha).

Other Areas

Echo Bay drilled eight holes on the Lucky 13 property in southern Tooele County before returning
the property to the vendors. Individual holes were 300 to 500 ft (90 to 150 m) deep, with total drill
footage of approximately 3,000 ft (900 m). The drilling intersected only minor, low-grade copper
(300-400 ppm) and gold (150 ppb) values. The target was disseminated gold adjacent to feeder
structures in Lower Cambrian limestone and shale, a similar stratigraphic sequence to that at the Detroit
district. The prospect had previously been held by Phelps Dodge.
Lennoc Ventures, Inc. recently leased the Sand Pass property in southern Juab and northern Millard
Counties, with exploration planned for 2001. The target is disseminated gold associated with extensive
jasperoids in Lower Cambrian sedimentary units. The area was previously drilled for gold by Exxon,
Texaco, Freeport, and Amselco between 1982 and 1987. Previous drilling intersected scattered, low-
grade gold (generally less than 0.5 ppm).

17
 Lawrence Fawn leased the Coyote Knolls property in western Juab County and plans to begin
mining in 2001 at a rate of approximately 100 st (90 mt) per day. The ore zone is a 5- to 15-ft- wide
(1.5-5 m), gold- and silver-bearing silicified breccia and quartz vein. The product will be sold to
McFarland and Hullinger, Inc. to be added to silica flux going to the Kennecott smelter at Magma, with
credits given for the contained gold and silver. Previous drilling and sampling indicated that the ore
zone averaged 0.12 oz/t (4.11 g/t) gold and 22 oz/t (754 g/t) silver.

REFERENCES

Reese, R.G., Jr., 2001, Vanadium: U.S. Geological Survey Mineral Commodity Summaries, 2 p.

Tanner, Arnold, 2001, Utah %1999 annual estimate: U.S. Geological Survey Mineral Industry Surveys,
9 p.

Tepordei, V.V., 2001, Crushed stone and sand and gravel in the fourth quarter 2000: U.S. Geological
Survey Mineral Industry Surveys, 10 p.

18
 2001 Summary of Mineral Activity in Utah
R.L. Bon and R.W. Gloyn, Utah Geological Survey

SUMMARY

The value of Utah's mineral production (including coal) in 2001 is estimated to be $1.94
billion, about $27 million more than in 2000. Contributions from each of the major industry
segments are: base metals, $693 million (36 percent of total); industrial minerals, $538 million
(28 percent of total); coal, $473 million (24 percent of total); and precious metals, $240 million
(12 percent of total).
The changes in Utah's mineral valuation by industry segment for the years 1998 through 2001
are shown in figure 1. Compared to 2000, the 2001 values of: (1) base metals decreased $56
million, (2) industrial minerals increased $38 million, (3) coal increased $17 million, and (4)
precious metals increased $28 million.
The value of mineral production is expected to decrease moderately in 2002 primarily due to
decreased production in several commodities, and by flat to declining base- and precious-metal
prices due to the economic slowdown that began in the second half of 2000.
During 2001, the Utah Division of Oil, Gas and Mining (DOGM) received five Large Mine
permit applications (5 acres [2 hectares] and larger disturbance) and 32 new Small Mine permit
applications (less than 5 acres [2 hectares] disturbance). As in 2000, all of the Large Mine
permit applications were made to change from Small to Large Mine classification.
Mineral exploration statewide remained low for the second year in a row. Fourteen Notices
of Intent to explore on public lands were filed with DOGM in 2001, compared to 15 in 2000, 26
in 1999, and 50 to 60 per year received during the early 1990s.

Figure 1. Value of Utah’s mineral production from 1998 through 2001.

1
 Nationally, Utah ranked 9th in the value of nonfuel minerals produced in 2000 (latest year that
production figures are available) and 12th in coal production; the state should retain similar
rankings in 2001. Utah accounted for about 3.6 percent of the U.S. total nonfuel mineral
production value.

OUTLOOK

The value of mineral production in Utah is expected to decrease moderately in 2002. Operator
surveys indicate that both precious-metal and base-metal production will be lower, coupled with
continued low metal prices. The re-opening of one precious-metal mine in 2001 will partially
offset the loss of precious-metal production due to the closure of the Barneys Canyon gold mine.
Industrial-mineral values will also trend lower with lower sand and gravel production partially
offset by an increase in production of crushed stone. The production of cement and lime
products is expected to remain nearly the same as the current year. Coal production is expected
to increase slightly, and an incremental increase in coal prices will leave coal values modestly
higher than the present year. If base- and precious-metal prices continue to remain low,
exploration for both base and precious metals is also expected to remain low for the foreseeable
future.

MINE PERMIT SUMMARY

During the year 2001, DOGM received five Large Mine permit applications (5 acres [2
hectares] and larger disturbance) and 32 new Small Mine permit applications (less than 5 acres
[2 hectares] disturbance). All of the Large Mine permit applications were made to change from
Small to Large Mine status. These numbers represent a decrease of six Large Mine permit
applications and a decrease of 24 Small Mine permit applications compared to 2000. New Large
Mine permits include four dimension-stone quarries and one tar-sand pit. New Small Mine
permits are grouped as follows: industrial minerals (including gemstones, geodes, fossils, and
others) - 29 and precious metals - 3.
The state has 74 active Large Mines (excluding sand and gravel) that are grouped by industry
segment as follows: base metals - 4, precious metals - 2, coal - 12, and industrial minerals
(including gemstones, geodes, fossils, and others) - 56. Ninety-seven Small Mines reported
production in 2001, 23 fewer than in 2000. These Small Mines include one base metal, 11
precious metals, and 85 industrial minerals operations.

EXPLORATION PERMITS

Mineral exploration statewide remained at the same low level as 2000. Fourteen Notices of
Intent (NOIs) to explore on public lands were filed with DOGM in 2001, compared to 15 in 2000
and 26 in 1999. The number of new NOIs listed by county include: Beaver - 2, Duchesne - 1,
Emery - 1, Juab - 2, Kane - 1, Millard - 1, San Juan -1, Sanpete - 1, Utah - 2, and Washington - 2.
Eight permits were issued for industrial minerals exploration and six for precious metals. This is
the fewest number of permits approved in the past ten years.

2
 NATIONAL RANKINGS

The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) ranked Utah 9th in the nation (up from 10th) in the value
of nonfuel minerals produced in 2000 (latest year that production figures are available). Utah
accounted for 3.6 percent of the U.S. total nonfuel mineral production value. Based on USGS
estimates of quantities produced in the 50 states during 2000, Utah remained the only state to
produce beryllium concentrates and was the second of two magnesium-metal-producing states.
However, by year’s end, Utah had the only active primary magnesium-metal producing facility
in the U.S. The state was second in copper, potash, gold, and molybdenum; fourth in phosphate
rock, magnesium compounds, and perlite; fifth in silver, bentonite, and gemstones; and sixth in
salt (Tanner, 2002).
USGS data show that between 1991 and 2000 the value of nonfuel mineral production in Utah
ranged from a low of $1.18 billion in 1991 to a high of $1.85 billion in 1995 (figure 2). The
value of nonfuel mineral production for 2000 is estimated to be $1.45 billion. The Utah
Geological Survey's (UGS) estimate for the value of nonfuel mineral production for 2001 is
$1.47 billion, $10 million more than the UGS’s 2000 estimate.

Figure 2. Value of Utah’s nonfuel mineral production from 1991 through 2000.

BASE- AND PRECIOUS-METAL PRODUCTION

Base-metal production, with an estimated value of $693 million, was the largest contributor to
the value of minerals produced in 2001 (figure 1). In descending order of value, those metals
are: copper, magnesium metal, molybdenum, and beryllium. Precious-metal production, valued
at $240 million, included gold (91 percent of total value) and silver (9 percent of total value).

3
Kennecott Utah Copper Corporation’s Bingham Canyon mine, located in Salt Lake County, a
few miles west of Salt Lake City, is the state’s sole producer of copper and molybdenum, and a
major producer of gold and silver. The combined value of minerals produced from the Bingham
Canyon mine is more than one-third of the total value of all minerals produced statewide.

Copper

Copper is the largest contributor to the value of nonfuel minerals in the state. Significant
price increases in 1994 and 1995 pushed the value of copper to historical highs and the value of
base-metal production statewide to over $1 billion for the first time in 1995. Since 1995, the
price of copper has fallen significantly from $1.38/lb ($3.04/kg) in 1995 to $0.76/lb ($1.67/kg) in
2001. Copper production from Kennecott's Bingham Canyon mine increased modestly in 2001
to approximately 350,000 short tons (st) (320,000 metric tons [mt]) from 2000 production of
approximately 330,000 st (300,000 mt) of copper metal. Kennecott idled its North concentrator
in June and closed it permanently at year’s end. The company announced that economic open-
pit reserves will be exhausted in the next 10 to 12 years, and that no decision has been made to
extend a portion of the mine underground.

Magnesium Metal

Magnesium metal was the second-largest contributor to the value of base metals in 2001.
Magnesium metal is produced from Great Salt Lake brines by Magnesium Corporation of
America at its electrolytic plant at Rowley in Tooele County. The plant can produce 47,000 st
(43,000 mt) of magnesium metal (99.9 percent purity) annually and was one of only two active
primary processing facilities in the U.S. The other facility is located in the state of Washington.
By year’s end the Utah facility was the only active plant in the U.S. Magnesium production was
less than capacity in 2001, due to severely depressed magnesium prices.

Molybdenum

The sole molybdenum producer in Utah is Kennecott's Bingham Canyon mine, which
produced slightly more than 15,000 st (14,000 mt) of molybdenum concentrate (MoS2) in 2001,
a moderate decrease from 2000 production. The Bingham Canyon mine was one of six
molybdenum-producing mines in the U.S. in 2001. Molybdenum is recovered as a by-product
from the copper milling operation. The USGS reports that in the U.S., mine output of
molybdenum decreased 7 percent in 2001 (Blossom, 2002).

Beryllium

Utah continued to be the nation's leading producer of beryllium. Beryllium ore (bertrandite)
is mined at Brush Resource’s Topaz and Hogs Back mines in Juab County and processed at the
company's plant a few miles north of Delta in Millard County. The product (beryllium
hydroxide) is then sent to the company-owned refinery and finishing plant in Ohio, where it is
converted into beryllium metal, alloys, and oxide. In 2001, about 40,000 st (36,000 mt) of ore
was mined and trucked to the processing plant. Mine production was substantially less than
previous years due to reduced demand and increased processing of stockpiled ore. The use of

4
beryllium in electronic and electrical components, and aerospace and defense applications
accounted for an estimated 80 percent of total consumption in 2000 (Cunningham, 2002). The
demand for beryllium alloys and beryllium oxide had increased modestly over the past several
years, but the current economic downturn and increased imports has reduced the demand for
beryllium products for the past two years.

Gold and Silver

Gold production in 2001 is estimated to be about 775,000 Troy ounces (oz) (24,100 kg), a
modest increase from the nearly 700,000 oz (22,000 kg) produced in 2000. Gold is produced
from two surface mines owned by Kennecott Corporation: one primary producer (Barneys
Canyon mine) and one by-product operation (Bingham Canyon mine), both located in Salt Lake
County, and by one smaller underground producer owned by Chief Gold Mines, the newly re-
opened Trixie mine near the town of Eureka in Utah County. Several other small mines in the
state are known to produce minor amounts of gold and silver, but metal-specific production is
not reported, and not included in the above totals. The Barneys Canyon mine exhausted its
economic ore reserves in late 2001, but will continue to produce gold for several years at a
reduced rate until its leach pads are depleted.
Silver production statewide was estimated to be approximately 4.5 million oz (0.14 million
kg), nearly 500,000 oz (16,000 kg) more than 2000. Silver was produced as a by-product metal
from the Bingham Canyon mine, and from polymetallic ore from the Trixie mine.

INDUSTRIAL MINERALS PRODUCTION

The industrial minerals segment, with an estimated value of $538 million, was the second-
largest contributor to the value of minerals produced in 2001 (figure 1). Major commodities
produced by group or individual commodity in descending order of value included: (1) salines,
including salt, magnesium chloride, potash (potassium chloride), and sulfate of potash; (2) sand
and gravel and crushed stone; (3) Portland cement, lime, limestone, and dolomite; (4) phosphate;
(5) gilsonite; (6) expanded shale; (7) gypsum; and (8) common clay and bentonite.

Salt, Magnesium Chloride, Potash (Potassium Chloride),

and Sulfate of Potash

Brine-derived products, including salt, are the largest contributors (up from third-largest in
2000) to the value of industrial minerals production in Utah, with a combined value of about
$172 million. In addition to salt, other brine-derived products include magnesium chloride and
potash (potassium chloride and sulphate of potash [SOP]). One company (North Shore Limited
Partnership) produces a small amount of concentrated brine which is used as an ingredient in
mineral food supplements. The location of operators around Great Salt Lake is shown in figure
3. The statewide production of salt and other brine-derived products, excluding magnesium
metal, is estimated to be 3.5 million st (3.2 million mt) in 2001, about 100,000 st (90,000 mt)
higher than 2000. Potash production (including SOP) is estimated to be about 335,000 st
(304,000 mt) in 2001, approximately 100,000 st (90,000 mt) more than 2000.

5

Figure 3. Location of brine processing plants
around Great Salt Lake.
Salt production alone is estimated to
be 2.8 million st (2.5 million mt) in
2001, about 200,000 st (180,000 mt)
less than 2000, with most of the
production coming from three operators
using brine from Great Salt Lake. These
operators are, in descending order of
production: (1) IMC Kalium Ogden
Corporation (formerly GSL Minerals),
(2) Cargill Salt Company, and (3)
Morton International, Inc. In addition,
three other companies produce salt
and/or potash from operations not
located on Great Salt Lake: (1) Reilly
Chemical Company at Wendover in
Tooele County (potash), (2) Moab Salt
LLC near Moab in Grand County (salt
and potash), and (3) Redmond Minerals,
Inc. near Redmond in Sanpete County
(salt).

Sand and Gravel and Crushed Stone

Sand and gravel, and crushed stone (including limestone and dolomite) are the second-highest
contributors to the value of industrial minerals produced in 2001, down from first in 2000. These
materials are produced in every county in Utah by commercial operators, and by state, federal,
and county agencies. Due to the large number and intermittent operation of producers, operators
are not sent UGS production questionnaires. However, production data are compiled by the
USGS. Their preliminary 2001 data show that 27.9 million st (25.3 million mt) of sand and
gravel, and 11.6 million st (10.5 million mt) of crushed stone were produced, with a combined
value of $144 million. This compares to 34 million st (31 million mt) of sand and gravel and
9.39 million st (8.52 million mt) of crushed stone produced in 2000, with a combined value of
$151 million (Tepordei, 2002).

Portland Cement, Lime, Limestone, and Dolomite

Portland cement, lime, limestone, and dolomite were the third-highest value industrial
minerals produced in 2001, with a combined value of $134 million. Two operators produce
Portland cement in Utah: Holnam, Inc. and Ash Grove Cement Company. Holnam's Devils
Slide plant is east of Morgan in Morgan County, and Ash Grove's Leamington plant is east of
Lynndyl in Juab County. Both companies have expanded production capacity and the two plants
have a combined capacity of more than 1.5 million st (1.4 million mt) of cement annually. Both
plants operated near capacity in 2001, although total production was slightly less than 2000. In
addition to limestone, both Holnam and Ash Grove Cement mine modest amounts of shale that is
also used in the manufacture of cement.

6
 Lime production was about 5 percent lower in 2001 than 2000. Graymont Western U.S., Inc.
(formerly Continental Lime Company), which produces dolomitic lime and high-calcium lime,
and Chemical Lime of Arizona, Inc., which produces dolomitic lime, are the two suppliers of
calcined limestone (quick lime) and hydrated lime in Utah, with a combined capacity of more
than 1.0 million st (0.9 million mt) per year. Both operations serve markets in Utah and
surrounding states. Graymont Western's plant is in the Cricket Mountains, approximately 35
miles (56 km) southwest of Delta in Millard County, and is rated as one of the 10 largest lime
plants in the United States. Chemical Lime of Arizona's plant is about 8 miles (13 km)
northwest of Grantsville in Tooele County.
An additional 12 operators quarried about 1.85 million st (1.68 million mt) of limestone and
dolomite in 2001, which was used mainly in construction, flue-gas desulfurization in power
plants, and steel making. The three largest suppliers of crushed limestone used in construction
are: Valley Asphalt Company, from two quarries in Utah County; Harper Construction
Company, from one quarry in Salt Lake County; and Pelican Point Rock Products Company
(formerly Larsen Limestone Company), from one quarry in Utah County. A small amount of
limestone and dolomite was also crushed to a fine powder and marketed as “rock dust” to the
coal mining industry.

Phosphate

Utah's only phosphate producer, SF Phosphates, Ltd.’s Vernal phosphate operation, is 11

miles (18 km) north of Vernal in Uintah County. SF Phosphates is a partnership of Farmland
Industries, Inc. (with headquarters in Missouri) and J.R. Simplot, Inc. (with headquarters in
Idaho). The company mines roughly 3.0 million st (2.7 million mt) of ore annually, which is
processed into about 1.0 million st (0.9 million mt) of concentrate and transported in slurry form
to the company's Rock Springs, Wyoming fertilizer plant via a 90-mile- (144-km-) long
underground pipeline. During 2001, the mine produced more than 3.8 million st (3.4 million mt)
of ore, the highest production level in the past 10 years.

Gilsonite

Gilsonite production for 2001 is estimated to be about 60,000 st (54,000 mt), essentially the
same as 2000. Gilsonite is an unusual solid hydrocarbon that has been mined in Utah for more
than 100 years. The three companies producing gilsonite all have mines near the town of
Bonanza in eastern Uintah County. In descending order of production they are: (1) American
Gilsonite Company’s Bonanza mine, (2) Zeigler Chemical and Minerals Company’s Cowboy,
Neal State, and Hardaway mines, and (3) Lexco, Inc.’s Cottonwood mine. Gilsonite is marketed
worldwide for use in over 150 products ranging from printing inks to explosives. Gilsonite
production has been relatively stable for the past several years.

Expanded Shale

One company, Utelite, Inc., mined about 200,000 st (180,000 mt) of shale in 2001 to
manufacture “expanded shale” for use as a lightweight aggregate for the construction industry.
The mine is located near the town of Wanship in Summit County. Production of “expanded
shale” was the same as for 2000.

7
 Gypsum

Seven companies produced about 390,000 st (350,000 mt) of gypsum from 10 pits in 2001,
nearly 110,000 st (100,000 mt) less than in 2000. In descending order of production, the
companies are: (1) U.S. Gypsum Company, (2) Georgia Pacific Corporation, (3) Nephi Gypsum,
Inc., (4) H.E. Davis and Sons, (5) Nephi Sandstone Company, (6) D.K. Gypsum Industries, and
(7) Western Clay Company. Both U.S. Gypsum and Georgia Pacific operate wall board plants
near Sigurd in Sevier County. The majority of gypsum produced in Utah is used for making wall
board, but several operators supply raw gypsum to regional cement companies where it is used as
an additive to retard the setting time of cement and to the agriculture industry for use as a soil
conditioner.

Common Clay and Bentonite

More than 272,000 st (247,000 mt) of common clay and approximately 45,000 st (41,000 mt)
of bentonite were produced by nine companies in 2001, a 16 percent decrease in common clay
and a 25 percent decrease in bentonite compared to 2000. In descending order of production the
four largest producers of common clay are: (1) Interstate Brick Company, (2) Peck Rock
Products Co., (3) Interpace Industries, and (4) Paradise Management Company. More than 75
percent of all common clay is used in the manufacture of brick. Bentonite is used as a sealant in
many civil engineering applications, as a pet-waste absorbent (litter-box filler), as an additive in
oil and gas drilling fluids, and as a binder in foundry molds.

ENERGY MINERALS PRODUCTION

Coal

Utah’s operators mined 26.9 million st (24.4 million mt) of coal valued at $473 million from
11 underground mines and one surface mine in 2001 (figures 1 and 4). This production was
approximately 20,000 st (18,000 mt) more than in 2000, and was the second-highest in Utah
history. Utah’s only coal waste reprocessing plant remained idle for the second year in a row.
The mines are located in Carbon (6), Emery (5), and Sevier (1) Counties in east-central Utah.
The coal reprocessing facility is located near the town of Wellington in Carbon County. The
largest coal producer was the SUFCO mine, operated by Canyon Fuel Company, LLC (Sevier
County) which produced slightly more than 7.0 million st (6.4 million mt) of raw coal. In
addition, the following four mines each produced in excess of 2.0 million st (1.8 million mt) of
coal: (1) Deer Creek, operated by Energy West Mining Company (Pacificorp, Inc.) (Emery
County); (2) Skyline #3, operated by Canyon Fuel Company, LLC (Emery and Sanpete
Counties); (3) Crandall Canyon mine, operated by Genwal Coal Company (Emery County); and
(4) West Ridge, operated by West Ridge Resources (Carbon County).
Slightly more than 50 percent of Utah’s coal was consumed by electric utilities within the
state. Coal is utilized for industrial purposes within the state, shipped to electric utilities and
industrial users in other states, and exported to Pacific Rim countries for both power generation
and industrial use.

8
 Figure 4. Utah’s coal production from 1992 through 2001.
One new surface mine located in Carbon County (Whiskey Creek) began producing coal in
late 2001. White Oak Mining and Construction Company’s Horizon mine, which was idle in
2000, produced a small amount of coal in 2001 and will begin ramping up to full production in
2002. The Willow Creek mine (RAG International, Inc.), which was closed following a mine
explosion and fire in July 2000, will remain closed indefinitely. Energy West Mining
Company’s Trial Mountain mine and White Oak Mining and Construction Company’s White
Oak #2 mine were also closed in 2001, due to reserve depletion. In spite of these mine closings,
coal production is expected to again increase to a near-record level in 2002. Consolidation Coal
Company’s Emery mine in Emery County is in the early stage of redevelopment and may be
operational by late summer 2002. One new mine (UtahAmerican Energy Company’s Lila
Canyon mine) in Emery County is in the permitting stage and could begin producing within the
next two years, depending on successful marketing efforts.

Uranium

Because of the continued weak market for uranium, there was no uranium ore mined in Utah
in 2001, and both International Uranium Corporation’s White Mesa mill (San Juan County) and
U.S. Energy Company’s Shootaring Canyon mill (Garfield County) were idle the entire year. No
milling is planned at either facility until there is a significant increase in the price of uranium or
vanadium.

9
 EXPLORATION AND
DEVELOPMENT

Base- and precious-metal exploration

remained at a very low level in 2001.
DOGM received 14 new Notices of Intent
(NOIs) to explore, one less than in 2000
and significantly lower than the 50 to 60
per year received during the early 1990s.
Six NOIs were for precious or base metals,
two for sandstone, two for limestone, two
for slate, and the remaining two for kaolin
and humate. Four of the precious or base
metal NOIs were from individuals and two
were from small to medium sized
companies. “New” mine development was
also modest with work at most developing
operations confined to cleaning and
rehabilitating existing workings and/or
limited sampling and test mining. Figure 5
shows the location of major exploration
districts, areas, and prospects discussed
below. Smaller districts, mines, and
prospects within a major district or area Figure 5. Major base- and precious-metals
are not shown. exploration areas in Utah during 2001.
Bingham District

Kennecott Utah Copper Company announced that open-pit mining at the Bingham Canyon
copper mine will likely end in 2012. Previous announcements made before the drop in copper
prices estimated completion of open-pit mining at 2020 or even later. No decision has been
announced on underground mining of either porphyry or skarn ore, or both, which would extend
the life of the operation. Published underground reserves (proven and probable) include 354
million st (321 million mt) of “block cave” (porphyry) ore and 15 million st (14 million mt) of
skarn ore (Rio Tinto Annual Report, 2000).
Kennecott’s Barneys Canyon gold mine ended its mining and ore crushing operations in mid-
December 2001, due to depletion of reserves. Additional gold mineralization is present below
the Melco pit bottom, but mining is not viable at current gold prices. Heap leaching operations
will continue for four to five more years. Since the beginning of mining in 1989, the operation
has produced about 1.3 million oz (40,450 kg) of gold from five open pits.

American Fork District

During 2001, Unico, Inc. reopened the Silver Bell mine in Utah County and rehabilitated,
mapped, and sampled the workings. No mining was done in 2001, but 1,200 st (1,100 mt) of
previously mined ore is stockpiled and could be shipped to the company’s Deer Trail mill south

10
of Marysvale. Future activity includes plans to extend the northeast decline, crosscutting to
intersect the vein, and developing the vein and associated manto deposits.

Tintic District

Chief Consolidated Mining, through its subsidiaries Chief Gold Mines (owned 100 percent by
Chief Consolidated) and Tintic Utah Metals (owned 75 percent by Chief Consolidated)
continued exploration and development work in the Tintic district.
At the Trixie mine, a 1,200-foot- (370- m-) long development drift was driven on the 600
level to access the up-dip extension of the 75-85 ore body previously mined on the 750 level.
The extension was discovered in 2000 by surface drilling, and contains 70,500 st (64,000 mt) of
blocked out reserves with an average in-place grade of 0.75 oz/st (25.7 g/mt) gold and 5 oz/st
(171 g/mt) silver. The ore occurs in void fillings in a quartzite breccia. It consists of copper,
lead, zinc, and silver sulfides and sulfosalts (enargite, tetrahedrite-tennantite, polybasite,
pyrargyrite, and other minerals), pyrite, and native gold in gangue of quartz, barite, chalcedony,
and sericite. The ore body was reached in October 2001, and mining began using overhead
stopes from the 600 level. By the end of 2001, approximately 5,000 st (4,500 mt) of ore had
been mined with an average mined grade of 0.75 oz/st (25.7 g/mt) gold and 2.5 oz/st (85.7 g/mt)
silver. Mining is continuing at a rate of 100 to 150 st (90-140 mt) per day. The ore is processed
at Tintic Utah Metal’s Burgin mill, which is currently operating at a capacity of 240 st (220 mt)
per day. In 2002, Chief Gold Mines plans to drill a number of long underground holes from the
600 level to test for mineralization on parallel structures west of the current workings, including
the West Trixie fissure zone. The drill holes will be 500 to 1,400 feet (150-430 m) long.
Chief Gold Mines explored an area approximately 2,500 feet (760 m) southwest of the Trixie
mine. Three holes were drilled in 2001 with a total footage of 3,710 feet (1,130 m) on a “Trixie-
like” target developed in 2000. All holes intersected anomalous precious-metal mineralization
including one 5-foot (1.5-m) interval that assayed 0.51 oz/st (17.4 g/mt) gold. In 2002, two
additional 1,200 to 1,500-foot (370-460 m) deep holes are planned to further test this zone.
No drilling was done on the Burgin, Eureka Standard, or Apex properties in 2001. A new
resource calculation and preliminary feasibility study, using current metal prices, was completed
on the Burgin mine by Mine Development Associates and submitted by the company to the U.S.
Securities and Exchange Commission. No decision has been made by the Utah Division of
Water Rights on issues related to dewatering the Burgin mine, and no additional work is
expected on the property until the issue is resolved and a permit is granted.
In mid-2001, Atlas Mining Company (Osburn, Idaho) signed a lease/option agreement on the
Dragon halloysite property in the southern part of the Tintic district approximately 2.5 miles (4
km) south of Eureka. According to company press releases, large volumes of halloysite-rich
material have been identified in the mine that may be upgraded by relatively simple techniques.
Announced reserves are 300,000 st (270,000 mt) with a potential resource of 1 million st (0.9
million mt). The halloysite has exceptionally good properties (brightness, particle size
distribution, and purity) and contacts have been made with several buyers. The company intends
to build a processing plant and begin mining the deposit at an initial rate of 7,500 st (6,800 mt)
per year, ramping up to 30,000 st (27,000 mt) per year in year five. Halloysite is a relatively rare
clay mineral that is used in petroleum refining, for high quality china and porcelain, and as a
hardener in specialty cements.

11
 Milford Area

Several operators were active in the Milford area in Beaver County including Western Utah
Copper Company (WUCC), Sepa Resources, Breccia Development, and Gemstone Mining.
Most drilling activity was in the Frisco area, but a few holes were drilled on the east side of the
Star Range and northwest of Blue Mountain. Most exploration was for copper and precious
metals, but two projects were for kaolinite and/or alunite.

Beaver Lake-Rocky Range Districts

WUCC, a Utah corporation organized in 2001, has substantially consolidated all of the major
copper districts in western Beaver County. In late January 2002, WUCC entered into a purchase
agreement to acquire all of the holdings of Nevada Star Resources Corporation. Nevada Star had
previously spent close to $5 million in the two districts and had completed a full feasibility study
for a planned open-pit, solvent extraction/electrowinning operation to treat oxide copper ore.
WUCC plans to initially develop the resources by underground mining and has hired Western
Mine Development to conduct its underground operations. The first mining operation will be on
the higher grade skarn deposits in the Rocky Range district. WUCC plans to recover copper,
gold, silver, tungsten, molybdenum, and magnetite from the ores. The company has signed a
purchase and sales agreement to acquire a 1,000 st (900 mt) per day concentrator to be located
near the mine. In addition to producing sulfide concentrates, the company plans to make
ammonia paratungstate on site, to be shipped direct to manufacturer’s facilities.
In 2001, WUCC re-assayed pulps from the Nevada Star’s 1998 exploration drilling program
on the Maria copper skarn deposit. A number of pulps from drill hole M 98-6 assayed greater
than 5 percent copper per 5-foot (1.5 m) interval. The average of the entire hole was 3.00
percent copper with significant gold values (up to 0.026 oz/st [0.891 g/mt] per 5-foot [1.5 m]
assay interval).
WUCC owns or controls about 37,532 acres (15,189 ha) in the Marysvale-Pioche trend
(Milford mineral belt), and has consolidated properties in the San Francisco district with those in
the Beaver Lake and Rocky Range districts. The company plans a very aggressive exploration
program for porphyry copper, skarn copper, gold, silver, and tungsten ore bodies in conjunction
with mining and developing its known reserves. WUCC is a privately held company that expects
to be publicly traded in the near future.

San Francisco District

In 2001, WUCC explored in and around the Cactus quartz monzonite intrusive. The company
drilled seven reverse-circulation holes southeast, east, and north of the Cactus mine. Southeast
of the Cactus mine, the drilling intersected widespread strong alteration and quartz veining
containing significant lead- and zinc-bearing stringers and lesser disseminated copper
mineralization. One hole (FRS-5) intersected over 600 feet (180 m) of anomalous gold in quartz
monzonite porphyry including three 50-foot (15-m) composite samples assaying 1,000 parts per
billion (ppb) gold, 520 ppb gold, and 330 ppb gold, respectively. The 330 ppb composite was
the last interval of the hole. The drill hole also contained a 40-foot (12-m) interval assaying 0.14
percent copper, presumably as chalcopyrite. Other holes in the area contained similar anomalous
gold and copper values. Much additional exploration is planned for the area. The target is

12
disseminated and fracture-controlled gold as well as porphyry and breccia pipe gold-copper
deposits. Part of the area had previously been drilled by Kennecott Minerals in 1998-1999.
Surface sampling and drilling east of the Cactus mine returned significant gold, silver, and
copper assay results. Several shallow holes were drilled in the Comet breccia including hole
DH-CT-2, which assayed as high as 0.23 oz/st (7.9 g/mt) gold, 5 oz/st (171 g/mt) silver, and 3.36
percent copper over 5-foot (1.5-m) sample intervals. A 112-foot- (34-m-) long channel sample,
collected along a nearby road cut, averaged 0.07 oz/st (2.4 g/mt) gold and had one 10-foot (3-m)
interval assaying 0.218 oz/st (7.47 g/mt) gold. Silver values from surface samples collected in
the same general area assayed as high as 7 oz/st (240 g/mt).
Northwest of the Cactus mine at the New Years mine, drill hole DH-NYM-1 intersected over
100 feet (30 m) of commercial-grade copper mineralization; most of the zone assayed greater
than 1 percent copper with numerous intervals near and exceeding 2 percent copper.
Breccia Development, under license agreement with Sepa Resources, drilled approximately
15 reverse-circulation holes on Sepa’s Frisco Summit property in 2001. The objective of the
drilling program was to better define a large, possibly copper-bearing, porphyry-style sulfide
system. The drilling was widespread, extending over a number of square miles. No important
copper mineralization was discovered, but pyrite exceeded 5 percent in numerous holes, and in
some holes was greater than 15 percent. The high sulfide content, extensive hydrothermal
alteration, and brecciation are encouraging and additional work is planned. The area is now
controlled by WUCC.

Star District

Breccia Development drilled four holes on their Star project with an aggregate footage of
2,075 feet (632 m); the deepest hole was 875 feet (267 m). The property is located at the north
end of the Star Range. The target was lead-silver, manto-style mineralization similar to that at
the nearby Harrington-Hickory mine. Drill hole assays returned anomalous lead and silver
values, but no ore-grade zones were intersected. No additional drilling is planned for 2002.
Breccia Development drilled an additional two holes on their Goldstar property
approximately 2 miles (3.2 km) south of the Star project; nine holes were drilled on the property
in 2000. The holes drilled in 2001 were about 3/4 mile (1.2 km) west of workings of the Gold
Crown and Estell mines, and southwest of earlier drilling. The main exploration target was distal
disseminated gold in altered and silicified Mesozoic sandstone and shale. Results were
discouraging, and no additional drilling is planned for 2002. Breccia Development is keeping
the property and plans additional exploration at a later date.

Blue Mountain-White Mountain Area

In August 2001, Gemstone Mining Inc. (GMI) ceased mining and closed the processing plant
on the Red Emerald (formerly Ruby Violet) red beryl mine in southern Beaver County. The
mine is the only known source of gem-quality red beryl in the world. Several months earlier
GMI had failed to make their final payment for purchase of the property. The underlying owners
began foreclosure procedures and the matter is currently in litigation. GMI could obtain clear
title by making the final payment plus interest; otherwise the property would be returned to the
underlying owners. The future of the property is uncertain until the litigation is completed. One
of the owners, Red Emerald, Inc., is planning to begin mining on their solely-owned claims and

13
hopes to start up by June 2002. The other owner, Rex Harris, is planning to make his claims
available for lease/purchase and is currently evaluating several offers.
Breccia Development evaluated two areas for kaolinite and/or alunite. Breccia drilled 20
shallow reverse-circulation holes on their Omar property east of Blawn Wash to confirm results
from previous core drilling. The company also mined and shipped 700 st (640 mt) of material
for quality testing. Six holes were drilled on Brimstone prospect located 6 miles (10 km) to the
northeast with discouraging results.

Henry Mountains

In September 2001, Unico signed a lease/option agreement with Kaibab Industries covering
six patented and 21 unpatented claims in the Bromide Basin area east of Mount Ellen in northern
Garfield County. During the summer, Unico mapped and took bulk samples of the Bromide and
Crescent veins and the Kimble-Turner shear zone. The ore occurs along fissure veins or shear
zones with higher grade ore developed in breccia zones (“pipes”) at the intersection of north- and
northeast-trending fractures. Approximately 2,500 st (2,300 mt) of material was mined and is
currently being processed at Unico’s Deer Trail mill near Marysvale in central Piute County.
The material is expected to contain from 0.5 to more than 1 oz/st (17-34 g/mt) gold.
Unico plans to continue developing the properties in 2002 by extending the El Dorado adit
approximately 700 feet (210 m) to intersect the Bromide and Crescent veins 300 and 500 feet (90
and 150 m), respectively, below the adit levels and stoping up on the veins. Unico plans to mine
75 to 100 st (68-90 mt) per day during the six summer months when the property is accessible.
The ore will be processed at the Deer Trail mill.

Marysvale Area

During 2001, Unico continued rehabilitation of the Deer Trail mine and began mining in the
3400 area. Three stopes were developed on two high-grade manto horizons on the PTH tunnel
level, and approximately 3,000 st (2,700 mt) of ore was mined and stockpiled. The mantos
currently being mined in the 3400 area are 4 to 5 feet (1.2-1.5 m) thick and contain high-grade
ore. Based on sampling of the workings, the ore averages 0.14 oz/st (4.8 g/mt) gold, 30 oz/st
(1,030 g/mt) silver, 8.4 percent lead, 17 percent zinc, and 1.3 percent copper. However, an
unexpected higher grade zone averaging 1.66 oz/st (56.9 g/mt) gold, 181 oz/st (6,200 g/mt)
silver, 14.4 percent lead, 8.4 percent zinc, and 8.7 percent copper was discovered during mining
and development and is currently being mined. In 2002, Unico plans to continue to mine and
develop the 3400 area at an estimated production rate of 60 to 70 st (50-60 mt) per day, and to
develop the 8600 ore bodies by driving a decline. Unico will also begin processing the
stockpiled Deer Trail ore at the Deer Trail mill.

Lisbon Valley

Summo Minerals Corporation did no exploration or development work on their Lisbon Valley
copper deposit in San Juan County in 2001. At the end of 2001, Summo put the property on a
care-and-maintenance basis and closed their Moab field office. The deposit has announced
reserves of 36.7 million st (33.3 million mt) of 0.51 percent copper and is open to the southwest.

14
No exploration is planned for 2002, and although several funding avenues are available, the
property will not be developed until there is a significant increase in the price of copper.
The company made a proposal to the U.S. Department of Energy to accept and store the Atlas
mill tailings in their fully permitted leach pad area, but no decision has been made on the
proposal. Lisbon Valley would be a fitting site for the tailings because much of the ore milled at
the Atlas site was from the Lisbon Valley uranium district.

Coyote Knolls and Boobs Canyon Prospects

Lawrence Fawn continued exploration and development on the Coyote Knolls gold property
in western Juab County. Development work consisted of limited test mining and preparation of
the site for full production in 2002. Nearly 20,000 st (18,000 mt) of overburden were removed
from the ore zone and the access road was graded and improved. In addition, a minor amount of
ore was mined and sold to McFarland and Hullinger to be added to silica flux going to the
Kennecott smelter. Mining is scheduled to begin in April or May 2002, at a rate of
approximately 100 st (90 mt) per day. The ore zone is a 5- to15-foot- (1.5-5-m-) wide silicified
vein and breccia zone. Previous drilling and sampling indicated that the ore averaged 0.12 oz/st
(4.11 g/mt) gold and 22 oz/st (754 g/mt) silver.
An outside geologic report and feasibility study was completed for the Boobs Canyon gold-
silver deposit located within and adjacent to the western boundary of the King Top Wilderness
Study Area in central Millard County. The claim owners (Robert and Terry Steele) contend that,
based on the feasibility study, the claims are valid and that mining and further exploration should
be allowed. The claim holders are considering litigation should the BLM deny the request.
Mineralization occurs in several jasperoid and/or silicified limestone bodies adjacent to
northwest-trending fractures. In addition to low-grade gold, the jasperoids contain high-grade
silver with some samples assaying 30 to more than 170 oz/st (1,000-5,800 g/mt) silver. No
activity was reported for the other prospects in the area including the Kings Canyon gold deposit
of Crown Resources.
Owners and vendors of gold prospects in the West Desert have reported increased interest
from companies but there have been few firm offers to lease or acquire the properties.

REFERENCES

Blossom, J.W., 2002, Molybdenum: U.S. Geological Survey, Mineral Commodity Summaries, 2
p.
Cunningham, L.D., 2002, Beryllium: U.S. Geological Survey, Mineral Commodity Summaries,
2 p.
Tanner, Arnold, 2002, Utah-2000: U.S. Geological Survey, Mineral Industry Surveys, 7 p.

Tepordei, V.V., 2002, Crushed stone and sand and gravel in the fourth quarter 2001: U.S.
Geological Survey, Mineral Industry Surveys, 9 p.

15
 2002 Summary of Mineral Activity in Utah
R.L. Bon and R.W. Gloyn, Utah Geological Survey

S UMMARY

The value of Utah's mineral production (including coal) in 2002 is estimated to be $1.77
billion, about $182 million (9.4 percent) less than in 2001. Contributions from each of the major
industry segments are: base metals, $612 million (34.6 percent of total); industrial minerals, $565
million (31.9 percent of total); coal, $420 million (23.7 percent of total); and precious metals,
$172 million (9.8 percent of total). Industrial minerals was the only segment that gained in value
in 2002.
The changes in Utah's mineral valuation by industry segment for the years 1998 through 2002
are shown in figure 1. Compared to 2001, the 2002 values of (1) base metals decreased $81
million (11.7 percent), (2) industrial minerals increased $27 million (5.1 percent), (3) coal
decreased $60 million (12.5 percent), and (4) precious metals decreased $68 million (28.3
percent).
The value of mineral production is expected to decrease moderately again in 2003 primarily
due to decreased production of several base- and precious-metal commodities, and because of
flat to declining base- and precious-metal prices. Coal prices should remain at the same level as
in 2002; production will be less.
During 2002, the Utah Division of Oil, Gas and M ining (DOGM ) received five Large M ine
permit applications (5 acres [2 ha] and larger disturbance) and 20 new Small M ine permit
applications (less than 5 acres [2 ha] disturbance). The five Large M ine permit applications
include three new mine applications and two applications to change from a Small M ine permit to
a Large M ine permit.
M ineral exploration statewide remained low for the third year in a row. Eleven Notices of
Intent to explore on public lands were filed with DOGM in 2002, compared to 14 in 2001, 15 in
2000, 26 in 1999, and the 50 to 60 per year received during the early 1990s. Nationally, Utah
th
ranked 9 in the value of nonfuel minerals produced in 2001 (latest year that production figures
are available) and accounted for about 3.5 percent of the total U.S. nonfuel mineral production
th
value. Utah also ranked 12 in coal production in 2001. The state should retain similar rankings
in 2003.

OUTLOOK

The value of mineral production in Utah is expected to decrease again in 2003. Operator
surveys indicate that in 2003, overall base-metal values will be slightly higher while precious-
metal values will be substantially lower. A modest increase in metal prices is forecast for the
year, but decreased production of several metals will reduce overall values. The opening of one
or two small base-metal mines in the next two to three years will add incrementally to the state’s
base-metal values. Precious-metal production will be substantially lower in 2003 due to
decreased production from Kennecott’s Bingham Canyon and Barneys Canyon mines.
Industrial-mineral values will also be lower with lower regional demand for sand and gravel and

1
crushed stone. The production of cement and lime products is expected to remain nearly the
same as the current year. Coal prices are expected to remain flat while coal production will
decline at several mines in 2003. Low base- and precious-metal prices will continue to depress
exploration for these metals for the foreseeable future.

MIN E PERMIT S UMMARY

During 2002, DOGM received five Large M ine permit applications (5 acres [2 ha] and larger
disturbance) and 20 new Small M ine permit applications (less than 5 acres [2 ha] disturbance).
The Large M ine permit applications include four industrial mineral mines and one base- and
precious-metal mine. Two of the Large M ine permit applications were made to change from a
Small M ine permit to a Large M ine permit, and three applications were for new mines. The 20
Small M ine permit applications include 16 industrial mineral mines, two base- and precious-
metal mines, one oil recovery site (oil shale), and one gemstone and fossil site. These numbers
represent a decrease of 12 Small M ine permit applications and no change in the number of Large
M ine permit applications compared to 2001.
In 2001, DOGM recorded production from 80 Large M ines (excluding sand and gravel). The
Large M ines include four base-metal mines, two precious-metal mines, 13 coal mines, and 61
industrial-mineral mines (including gemstones, geodes, fossils, and others). One hundred ten
Small M ines reported production in 2001, 13 fewer than in 2000. These Small M ines included
one base-metal, 10 precious-metal, and 99 industrial-mineral operations.

EXPLORATION PERMITS

M ineral exploration statewide remained at the same low level as 2001. Eleven Notices of
Intent (NOIs) to explore on public lands were filed in 2002 with DOGM ; nine notices were
approved. This compares to 14 NOIs being filed in 2001, 15 in 2000, and 26 in 1999. The nine
approved NOIs by county include: Beaver - 2, Iron – 2, M illard – 1, Utah – 2, and Washington -
2. Six NOIs were approved for base- and precious-metal exploration and three for industrial-
minerals exploration. This is the lowest number of exploration permits approved in the past 11
years.

NATIONAL RANKINGS
th
The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) ranked Utah 9 in the nation in the value of nonfuel
mineral production in 2001 (latest year that production figures are available), which is the same
as 2000. USGS data show that Utah accounted for 3.5 percent of the total U.S. nonfuel mineral
production value. The 2001 data also show that Utah remained the only state that produced
beryllium concentrates. Additionally, Utah was second in the production of copper and gold;
second of two magnesium-metal-producing states and three potash-producing states; fourth in
the production of perlite and magnesium compounds and fourth of four states that produced
phosphate rock; fifth in silver, gemstones, and bentonite; and sixth in salt. While Utah rose to
second from third in the production of magnesium compounds, it dropped to third from second in

2
the production of molybdenum concentrates. Additionally, Utah was a significant producer of
Portland type cement, construction sand and gravel, and lime (Tanner, 2003). All USGS mineral
production data for 2001 cited in this report are preliminary estimates as of August 2002 and are
expected to change; related rankings may also change.
USGS data show that between 1991 and 2001 the value of nonfuel mineral production in Utah
ranged from a low of $1.18 billion in 1991 to a high of $1.85 billion in 1995 (figure 2). The
value of nonfuel mineral production for 2001 is estimated to be $1.35 billion, about $80 million
less than 2000. The Utah Geological Survey's (UGS) estimate for the value of nonfuel mineral
production for 2002 is $1.35 billion.

BAS E- AND PREC IOUS -METAL PRODUCTION

Base-metal production, with an estimated value of $612 million, was the largest contributor to
the value of minerals produced in 2002 (figure 1). In descending order of value, those metals
were: copper, magnesium metal, molybdenum, and beryllium. The 2002 base-metal values were
about $81 million (11.7 percent) less than in 2001. Precious-metal production, valued at $172
million, included gold (91 percent of total value) and silver (9 percent of total value). Precious-
metal values in 2002 were $68 million (28.3 percent) less than in 2001. Kennecott Utah Copper
Corporation’s Bingham Canyon mine is located about 32 km (20 mi.) southwest of Salt Lake
City in Salt Lake County and is the state’s sole producer of copper and molybdenum, and the
major producer of gold and silver. The combined value of minerals produced from the Bingham
Canyon mine is more than one-third of the total value of all minerals produced statewide.

Copper

Copper is the largest contributor to the value of nonfuel minerals in Utah. Significant price
increases in 1994 and 1995 pushed the value of copper to historical highs and the value of base-
metal production statewide to over $1 billion for the first time in 1995. Since 1995, the price of
copper has fallen significantly from $3.04/kg ($1.38/lb) in 1995 to $1.67/kg ($0.76/lb) in 2002.
Annual average copper prices have fluctuated between $1.68/kg and $1.96/kg ($0.76 - $0.89 per
lb) since 1998. Copper production from Kennecott's Bingham Canyon mine decreased modestly
in 2002 to approximately 260,000 metric tons (mt) (290,000 short tons [st]) from 2001
production of approximately 316,000 mt (350,000 st) of copper metal. Kennecott announced
that economic open-pit reserves will be exhausted in the next 10 to 12 years, and that no decision
has been made to extend a portion of the mine underground, although a rigorous economic
evaluation is being conducted. Kennecott reports that the Bingham Canyon mine produces more
than 10 percent of the annual refined copper requirements in the U.S. (Rio Tinto, 2003)

Magnesium Metal

M agnesium metal was the second-largest contributor to the value of base metals in 2002.
M agnesium metal is produced from Great Salt Lake brines by U.S. M agnesium LLC (formerly
M agnesium Corporation of America [M agcorp]) at its electrolytic plant at Rowley in Tooele
County. U.S. M agnesium purchased the assets of M agcorp in June 2002 from the U.S.
Bankruptcy Court. The plant’s annual capacity is 43,000 mt (47,000 st) of magnesium metal

3
(99.9 percent purity). It is the only active primary magnesium processing facility in the U.S.
M agnesium production was less than capacity in 2002, due to depressed magnesium prices and
ongoing modernization of the processing plant. U.S. M agnesium plans to complete the
modernization work in 2003 and will evaluate the possibility of expanding operations as the
market improves. M agnesium metal prices reached a 10-year low in 2002.

Molybdenum

The sole molybdenum producer in Utah is Kennecott's Bingham Canyon mine, which
produced slightly more than 10,000 mt (11,000 st) of by-product molybdenum concentrate
(M oS2) in 2002, a significant decrease (more than 25 percent) from 2001. Production was lower
due to a combination of lower amounts of molybdenum in the copper ore and lower smelter
throughput. The Bingham Canyon mine was one of six molybdenum-producing mines in the
U.S. in 2002. The USGS reports that in the U.S., mine output of molybdenum decreased 13
percent in 2002 (M agyar, 2003). Over the past two years U.S. molybdenum production has
dropped by 20 percent.

Beryllium

Utah continues to be the nation's sole producer of beryllium concentrates. Beryllium ore
(bertrandite) is mined at Brush Resource’s Topaz and Hogs Back mines in Juab County and
processed along with imported beryl at the company's plant a few miles north of Delta in M illard
County. The product (beryllium hydroxide) is then sent to the company-owned refinery and
finishing plant in Ohio, where it is converted into beryllium metal, alloys, and oxide. In 2002,
about 13,000 mt (15,000 st) of ore was mined and trucked to the processing plant. M ine
production was substantially less than previous years due to reduced demand, increased
processing of stockpiled ore, and the use of imported beryl. The use of beryllium in electronic
and electrical components, and aerospace and defense applications accounted for an estimated 80
percent of total consumption in 2002 (Cunningham, 2003). Although the demand for beryllium
alloys and beryllium oxide has increased modestly over the past several years, the current
economic downturn and increased imports of beryl and finished beryllium (beryllium-copper
master alloy) has reduced the demand for beryllium ore.

Gold and S ilver

Gold production in 2002 is estimated to be nearly 15,600 kg (500,000 Troy ounces [oz]), a 35
percent decrease from the nearly 24,100 kg (775,000 oz) produced in 2001. Gold is produced
from two surface mines owned by Kennecott Corporation: one primary producer (Barneys
Canyon mine) and one by-product operation (Bingham Canyon mine), both located in Salt Lake
County. Gold is also produced by one small underground mine (Trixie) operated by Chief Gold
M ines. The Trixie mine is near the town of Eureka in Utah County. Several other small mines
in the state are known to produce minor amounts of gold and silver, but metal-specific
production is not reported, and not included in the above totals. The Barneys Canyon mine
exhausted its economic ore reserves in late 2001 and ceased mining, but will continue to produce
gold from its heap-leach pads at a much reduced rate into 2004, when those pads will be

4
depleted. A combination of lower gold-content copper ore and lower smelter throughput
reduced gold production from the Bingham Canyon mine in 2002.
Silver production is estimated to be approximately 0.12 million kg (3.7 million oz) in 2002,
nearly 25,000 kg (800,000 oz) less than in 2001. Silver is produced as a by-product metal from
the Bingham Canyon mine, and from polymetallic ore from the Trixie mine. The lower
production of silver is due to the same factors that caused a similar reduction in gold.
Development work at the Trixie mine was suspended in M arch 2002 due to unstable mining
conditions and no announcement has been made about a resumption in activity.

INDUS TRIAL-MIN ERALS PRODUCTION

Industrial-minerals production, with an estimated value of $565 million, was the second-
largest contributor to the value of minerals produced in 2002 (figure 1) and the second-highest
value achieved to date. Since 1993 (first year of data recording by the UGS), the value of
industrial minerals has varied from a low of $428 million in 1995 to a high of $583 million in
1999. Within the past five years, those commodities or commodity groups that have realized
substantial gains include sand and gravel and crushed stone; Portland cement and lime; and
salines, including salt, magnesium chloride, potash (potassium chloride), and sulfate of potash.
Other major commodities produced in Utah, in descending order of value, include phosphate,
gilsonite, expanded shale, common clay and bentonite, and gypsum.

S and and Gravel and Crushed S tone

Sand and gravel, and crushed stone (including limestone and dolomite) were the largest
contributors to the value of industrial minerals produced in Utah during 2002 (up from second-
largest in 2001), with an estimated value of $160 million. These materials are produced in every
county in Utah by commercial operators, and by federal, state, and county agencies. Due to the
large number and intermittent operation of producers, operators are not sent UGS production
questionnaires. However, production data are compiled by the USGS. Their preliminary 2002
data show production of 30.6 million mt (33.9 million st) of sand and gravel with an estimated
value of $119 million, and 8.45 million mt (9.37 million st) of crushed stone with an estimated
value of $41.5 million. This compares to 25.3 million mt (27.9 million st) of sand and gravel and
10.5 million mt (11.6 million st) of crushed stone produced in 2001, with a combined value of
$150 million (Tepordei and Bolen, 2003).

Portland Cement and Lime

Portland cement and lime were the second-highest-value (up from third in 2001) industrial
minerals produced in 2002, with a combined value of $159 million. Two operators produce
Portland cement in Utah: Holcim, Inc. (formerly Holnam, Inc.) and Ash Grove Cement
Company. Holcim's Devils Slide mine and plant is east of M organ in M organ County, and Ash
Grove's Leamington mine and plant is east of Lynndyl in Juab County. The companies have a
combined capacity of more than 1.4 million mt (1.5 million st) of cement annually. Both plants
operated near capacity in 2002, with total production slightly exceeding that of 2001. In addition

5
to limestone, both Holcim and Ash Grove Cement mine modest amounts of shale and sandstone
that are used in the manufacture of cement.
Lime production was about 3 percent higher in 2002 than 2001. There are two suppliers of
lime in Utah, with a combined capacity of more than 0.9 million mt (1.0 million st) per year:
Graymont Western U.S., Inc. (formerly Continental Lime Company), which produces dolomitic
quick lime and high-calcium quick lime; and Chemical Lime of Arizona, Inc., which produces
dolomitic quick lime and hydrated lime. Both operations serve markets in Utah and surrounding
states. Graymont Western's plant is in the Cricket M ountains, approximately 56 km (35 miles)
southwest of Delta in M illard County, and is one of the 10 largest lime plants in the United
States. Chemical Lime of Arizona's plant is about 13 km (8 miles) northwest of Grantsville in
Tooele County.
An additional 10 to 12 operators quarried about 2.1 million mt (2.3 million st) of limestone
and dolomite in 2002 that was used mainly for construction and flue-gas desulfurization in coal-
fired power plants. A small amount of limestone and dolomite is also crushed to a fine powder
and marketed as “rock dust” to the coal mining industry. The three largest suppliers of crushed
limestone used for construction are: Harper Construction Company, from one quarry in Salt Lake
County; Valley Asphalt Company, from two quarries in Utah County; and Pelican Point Rock
Products Company (formerly Larsen Limestone Company), from one quarry in Utah County.

S alt, Magnesium Chloride, Potash (Potassium Chloride),

and S ulfate of Potash

Brine-derived products, including salt, are the third-highest contributors (down from first in
2001) to the value of industrial-minerals production in Utah during 2002, with a combined value
of about $148 million. In addition to salt, brine-derived products include magnesium chloride
and potash (potassium chloride and sulphate of potash [SOP]). One company (North Shore
Limited Partnership) produces a small amount of concentrated brine that is used as an ingredient
in mineral food supplements. The location of operators around Great Salt Lake is shown in
figure 3. The statewide production of salt and other brine-derived products, excluding
magnesium metal, is estimated to be 3.32 million mt (3.68 million st) in 2002, about 160,000 mt
(180,000 st) higher than 2001. Potash production (including SOP) is estimated to be about
316,000 mt (350,000 st) in 2002, approximately 18,000 mt (20,000 st) more than 2001.
Salt production alone is estimated to be 2.7 million mt (3.0 million st) in 2002, about 180,000
mt (200,000 st) more than 2001, with most of the production coming from three operators using
brine from Great Salt Lake. These operators are, in descending order of production: (1) IM C
Kalium O gden Corporation (formerly GSL M inerals), (2) Cargill Salt Company, and (3) M orton
International, Inc. In addition, three other companies produce salt and/or potash from operations
not located on Great Salt Lake: (1) Reilly Chemical Company at Wendover in Tooele County
(potash), (2) M oab Salt LLC near M oab in Grand County (salt and potash), and (3) Redmond
M inerals, Inc. near Redmond in Sanpete County (salt).

Phosphate

SF Phosphates, Ltd. is Utah's only phosphate producer. The company’s phosphate operation
is 18 km (11 miles) north of Vernal in Uintah County. SF Phosphates is a partnership of
Farmland Industries, Inc. (with headquarters in M issouri) and J.R. Simplot, Inc. (with

6
headquarters in Idaho). The company mines roughly 2.7 to 3.6 million mt (3 - 4 million st) of
ore annually, which is processed into 0.9 to 1.8 million mt (1 - 2 million st) of phosphate
concentrate. The concentrate is transported in slurry form to the company's Rock Springs,
Wyoming fertilizer plant via a 144-km- (90-mile-) long underground pipeline. During 2002, the
mine produced about 3.6 million mt (4.0 million st) of ore, its highest production in the past 11
years.

Gilsonite

Gilsonite production for 2002 is estimated to be about 59,000 mt (65,000 st), about 4,500 mt
(5,000 st) more than in 2001. Gilsonite is an unusual solid hydrocarbon that has been mined in
Utah for more than 100 years. All of the gilsonite mines are located near the town of Bonanza in
eastern Uintah County. The three companies that produce gilsonite, in descending order of
production, are: (1) American Gilsonite Company, (2) Zeigler Chemical and M inerals Company,
and (3) Lexco, Inc. Gilsonite is marketed worldwide for use in over 150 products ranging from
printing inks to explosives. Gilsonite production has been relatively stable for the past several
years.

Expanded S hale

One company, Utelite, Inc., mined more than 180,000 mt (200,000 st) of shale in 2002 to
manufacture “expanded shale” for use as a lightweight aggregate for the construction industry.
The mine is located near the town of Wanship in Summit County. Production of “expanded
shale” was approximately 10 percent higher in 2002 than in 2001.

Common Clay and Bentonite

Nearly 243,000 mt (270,000 st) of common clay and approximately 32,000 mt (35,000 st) of
bentonite were produced by five companies in 2002, a 14 percent decrease in common clay and a
22 percent decrease in bentonite compared to 2001. Statewide, there were 12 active Large M ine
and 11 active Small M ine permits held by clay operators in 2002. M any of these mines, both
Large and Small, are operated intermittently. In descending order of production, the three largest
producers of common clay in 2002 were: (1) Interstate Brick Company, (2) Interpace Industries,
and (3) Paradise M anagement Company. Two companies (Western Clay Company and
Redmond M inerals, Inc.) produce bentonite from pits located in central Utah. M ore than 75
percent of all common clay is used in the manufacture of brick. Bentonite is used as a sealant in
many civil engineering applications, as a pet-waste absorbent (litter-box filler), as an additive in
oil and gas drilling fluids, and as a binder in foundry molds. ECDC Environmental LLC
intermittently produces clay for use at their waste disposal facility near the town of East Carbon
in Carbon County. Sufficient stockpiled ore will preclude mining any additional clay for the
foreseeable future.

Gypsum

Six companies produced about 307,000 mt (350,000 st) of gypsum in 2002, nearly 45,000 mt
(50,000 st) less than in 2001. In descending order of production, the companies are: (1) U.S.

7
Gypsum Company, (2) Georgia Pacific Corporation, (3) Nephi Gypsum, Inc., (4) H.E. Davis and
Sons, (5) D.K. Gypsum Industries, and (6) Western Clay Company. Both U.S. Gypsum and
Georgia Pacific operate wallboard plants near Sigurd in Sevier County. The Georgia Pacific
plant closed in 2002 and the company’s mines in Utah are inactive. Wallboard manufacturing
was shifted to the company’s LasVegas, Nevada facility.
The majority of gypsum produced in Utah is used for making wallboard, but several operators
supply raw gypsum to regional cement companies where it is used as an additive to retard the
setting time of cement and to the agriculture industry for use as a soil conditioner.

EN ERGY MIN ERALS PRODUCTION

Coal

Utah’s coal operators produced 22.3 million mt (24.7 million st) of coal valued at $420
million from 12 underground mines and one surface mine in 2002 (figures 1 and 4). This
production is approximately 2.1 million mt (2.3 million st) less than in 2001. All of the mines
and facilities are located in central Utah. Utah’s only coal-waste recovery plant, located near the
town of Wellington in Carbon County, remained idle for the third year, although the company’s
synfuel facility located at the Castle Valley railroad spur continued to operate on resources
purchased from other coal operators. The largest coal producer was the SUFCO mine, operated
by Canyon Fuel Company, LLC (Sevier County), which produced a record-high of slightly more
than 6.9 million mt (7.6 million st) of raw coal. In addition, the following four mines each
produced in excess of 1.8 million mt (2.0 million st) of coal: (1) Deer Creek, operated by Energy
West M ining Company (Pacificorp, Inc.) (Emery County); (2) Skyline #3, operated by Canyon
Fuel Company, LLC (Emery and Sanpete Counties); (3) Crandall Canyon, operated by Genwal
Coal Company (Emery County); and (4) West Ridge, operated by West Ridge Resources
(Carbon County).
Just over half of Utah’s coal was consumed by electric utilities within the state in 2002. Coal
was also used for industrial purposes within the state, shipped to electric utilities and industrial
users in other states, and exported overseas. The export market to Pacific Rim countries, which
had accounted for up to 5.0 million mt (5.5 million st) of production in recent years, dwindled to
less than 0.45 million mt (0.5 million st) in 2002 due to lower overall demand and foreign
competition. No improvement in overseas exports is anticipated in the next several years.
One new surface operation located in Carbon County, White Oak M ining and Construction
Company’s (Lodestar, Inc.) Whisky Creek mine, began producing coal in late 2001. The
Whisky Creek mine was opened to salvage the remaining near-surface coal from the company’s
White Oak #1 underground mine, which was mined out in 2001. The company’s Horizon mine
produced a small amount of coal in 2002 before being idled in late January. The Willow Creek
mine (RAG International, Inc.), which was closed following a mine explosion and fire in July
2000, remained closed. Consolidation Coal Company’s Emery Deep mine in Emery County is in
the early stage of redevelopment and produced a small amount of coal (about 22,500 mt [25,000
st]) in 2002. One new mine (UtahAmerican Energy Company’s Lila Canyon mine) in Emery
County is in the permitting stage and could begin producing within a year or so, depending on
successful marketing efforts.

8
 Uranium

Because of the continued weak market for uranium, no uranium ore was mined in Utah in
2002. U.S. Energy Company’s Shootaring Canyon mill (Garfield County) remained idle the
entire year while International Uranium Corporation’s White M esa mill (San Juan County)
processed an “alternate feed.” No ore processing is planned at either facility until there is a
significant increase in the price of uranium or vanadium.

EXPLORATION AND DEVELOPMENT

Exploration for base and precious metals remained at a low level in 2002. DOGM received
only 11 new NOIs, the lowest level in the past 10 years. Six were for precious metals (one
unspecified but likely precious metals), two for base metals, and three for industrial minerals.
Four of the base- and precious-metal NOIs were from individuals and four were from small- to
medium-sized companies. New mine development was also depressed and several planned
operations were on hold awaiting financing. Work at most developing operations was confined
to clearing and rehabilitating existing workings and/or limited sampling and test mining.
Exploration and development is not expected to improve in 2003. The U.S. Bureau of Land
M anagement’s new (BLM ) regulations, effective in January 2003, require bonding for
disturbance of even less than the previous limit of 2 ha (5 acres), which will further discourage
exploration, particularly by individuals or small companies. Continuing low base metal prices
and tight money will limit funding opportunities for new or expanded operations. Figure 5
shows the location of the major exploration areas, prospects, and mines discussed below.

Milford Area

Western Utah Copper Company (WUCC) was active during 2002 in the San Francisco,
Beaver Lake, and Rocky mining districts in west-central Beaver County. WUCC assembled a
large property position including the patented and unpatented claims held by Nevada Star
Resources Corporation, the patented Cactus claim block held by Horn Silver M ines, Inc., and
other claims and leases. During the year WUCC did planning and permitting work in
contemplation of resumption of mining at the M aria deposit in the Rocky district and the Cactus
deposit in the San Francisco district.
Elsewhere in the San Francisco district, Franconia M inerals Corporation continued their
exploration in the Horn Silver-King David area targeting the potential for manto and structurally
controlled sulfide and zinc-rich oxide ores at depth, along strike, and west of the known resource.
Work completed in 2002 consisted of data compilation from old maps and reports, underground
mapping and sampling of accessible workings, a modified M ise-a-la-M asse geophysical survey,
and drilling three diamond core holes of a proposed four-hole program.
Drill hole SF-1 was a vertical hole designed to intersect an extension of zinc ore exposed on
the 650 and 800 depth levels of the Horn Silver mine. The hole was abandoned at 298 m (949
ft), short of its target depth, due to poor drilling conditions. The drill hole intersected brecciated,
altered, and silicified limestone with oxidized iron-zinc mineralization. The alteration and
brecciation could represent proximity to mineralized breccia.
Drill hole SF-2 was an angle hole (-81°) designed to test for mineralization west of the

9
workings on the 600, 800, 900, and 1000 levels of the Horn Silver mine in the southern (caved)
area of the mine. The hole was drilled to a depth of 383 m (1,257 ft) and intersected nearly 17 m
(56 ft) of oxide mineralization assaying 14.01 percent zinc including two high-grade intercepts of
4.8 m (15.7 ft) of 25.5 percent zinc and 1.6 m (5.2 ft) of 24.0 percent zinc. The mineralized
zones are thought to occur in and along high-angle structures. The intersections represent a
previously unknown area of zinc mineralization.
Drill hole SF-3 was another angle hole (-75°) that was drilled to intersect the target zones 46
to 61 m (150 - 200 ft) south of hole SF-2. The hole was drilled to a depth of 403 m (1,322 ft)
and intersected two zones of oxide zinc mineralization: an upper intercept of 3.5 m (11.4 ft)
assaying 18.0 percent zinc starting at a depth of 358.9 m (1,177.6 ft) and a lower intercept of
15.1 m (49.5 ft) assaying 16.6 percent zinc starting at a depth of 374.4 m (1,228.5 ft). The lower
intercept includes a 7.9-m- (26.0-ft-) thick zone assaying nearly 25 percent zinc. Preliminary
evaluation suggests that the ore is largely conformable to bedding and may grade into sulfide
manto-style mineralization. The mineralized zone(s) in SF-2 and SF-3 remain open to the east,
south, and west. The work plan for 2003 includes drilling three to five diamond core holes to off
set the ore intercepts in drill holes SF-2 and SF-3, and down-hole geophysics (Kathy Tureck,
Franconia M inerals Corporation, written communication, 2003).

Lisbon Valley

After several delays due to legal challenges, U.S. Department of Interior review, and
corporate restructuring, Constellation Copper Corporation plans to proceed with construction of
a mine and mill complex on its Lisbon Valley copper property, subject to arranging appropriate
financing. The property is permitted, and a revised and updated feasibility study has been
completed using copper sales prices ranging from $1.65 to $1.98/kg ($0.75 - $ 0.90 per lb).
Announced reserves are 32.8 million mt (36.7 million st) at an average grade of 0.514 percent
copper in three separate open-pit areas. Construction of facilities for an open-pit, heap-leach,
solvent extraction-electrowinning operation is expected to begin in mid-2003 with copper
production beginning 12 to 14 months later. The mine is scheduled to produce over 18 million
kg (40 million lb) of copper per year.

Gold Hill-Clifton District

Several companies are active in the Gold Hill-Clifton district. In early 2002, Clifton M ining
Company announced an agreement with New Centennial M ining to drill and explore its Cane
Springs property prior to entering into a joint venture. Apparently, the exploration agreement
was subsequently terminated because in mid-December 2002 Clifton M ining Company
announced it had signed an option agreement with Dumont Nickel, Inc. for a multi-year program
to explore the Cane Springs and other properties in the district held by Clifton M ining and
Woodman M ining Company (over 50 percent owned by Clifton M ining). Dumont M ining
Company, a wholly owned subsidiary of Dumont Nickel Inc., was formed to conduct the
exploration. Initial exploration will concentrate on the high-grade Cane Springs mine with an
initial 610 m (2,000 ft) drilling program scheduled to begin in early 2003. The Cane Spring
mine is a gold-copper skarn deposit in garnet-wollastonite marble. The deposit was previously
mined to the 45-m (149-ft) level and ore continues at least to the 80-m (240-ft) level. Historical
ore grades at the Cane Springs mine were 17.1 to 34.3 g/t (0.5 –1.0 oz/st) gold. The mine is

10
currently flooded to the 30-m (100-ft) level.
Dumont is also planning to evaluate the “Clifton shears” (Herat mine), and anticipates up to
1,525 m (5,000 ft) of drilling to test the downdip continuation of the ore zone. The “Clifton
shears” is a series of multiple gold-, silver-, lead- and copper-bearing fissure veins and shear
zones in quartz monzonite. The veins/shears are 0.3 to 3.1 m (1 to 10 ft) wide and are traceable
for up to 1,830 m (6,000 ft) along strike. Previous surface and underground sampling indicated
an average grade of 1.3 g/t gold (0.038 oz/st) gold, 285 g/t (8.3 oz/st) silver, and 5.6 percent lead
for the veins and mineralized shear zones.
M etallic Ventures Inc. was also active in the area. They acquired several properties in the
district and are currently evaluating the properties for drill site locations. The evaluation
involves reviewing past exploration work and surface mapping and sampling. The main focus is
high-grade vein and replacement deposits with a secondary emphasis on lower grade, surface
minable, disseminated deposits.

Bromide Basin

Unico resumed work on its properties in the Bromide Basin area in late April 2002. Work
included cleaning and rehabilitation of the entire 365-m- (1,200-ft-) long El Padre tunnel;
cleaning and rehabilitation of the Turner-Kimball adit and exposing approximately 45 m (50 ft)
of the Turner-Kimball vein along the main drift; and mapping and sampling of the newly
discovered “New Vein.” Safety concerns restricted work to the main adit of the Bromide mine.
Several hundred tons of ore was mined during 2002, mostly as a consequence of rehabilitating
the two adits and exposing the Turner-Kimball vein.
M ost of the ore in Bromide Basin is in high-grade veins and breccia pipes at structural
intersections along the veins. The gold-copper-silver-bearing veins are 0.6 to 1.5 m (2-5 ft) wide
and traceable for 120 to 366 m (400-1,200 ft) or more along strike. Gold values are generally
greater than 34.3 g/t (1.0 oz/st) and the breccia pipes in the Bromide mine are reported to average
240 g/t (7.0 oz/st) gold. The recently discovered New Vein, located east of the Bromide vein, is
similar to others in the area. The surface exposure of the vein is a 0.9-m (3-ft) wide, iron-stained
zone that has a strike length of at least 152 m (500 ft). Surface samples average 42 g/t (1.24
oz/st) gold and 26 g/t (0.75 oz/st) silver (Dan Proctor, Unico, Inc., oral communication, 2003).
Planned work for 2003 includes extending the El Padre adit to intersect at least the Bromide
vein, and possibly even farther to the Crescent vein, approximately 122 m (400 ft) below the
existing workings. M inor development and limited drifting may be done on the vein structures,
but no extensive mining is planned. No work is planned in 2003 for the Turner-Kimball mine,
but future work includes driving a new adit below the existing workings to intersect the vein.
In M arch 2002, Unico announced a resource estimate of 136,000 mt (150,000 st) containing
11.5 mt (372,000 oz) of gold. This resource estimate is only for four veins/structures (Bromide,
Crescent, Turner-Kimball, and Henrietta) and does not include the recently discovered New Vein
or other known veins in the area.

Deer Trail Mine

During 2002, Unico continued to develop the 3400 area along the PTH tunnel level. Several
thousand tons were mined from two manto deposits on the PTH level and a 56-m (185-ft)
development raise was driven to develop the upper parts of the ore bodies. Work planned for

11
2003 includes underground drilling from the PTH tunnel level to explore the upper mantos and
follow-up development. The amount and extent of the development will be dependent on the
drill results. No work is planned in 2003 for the 8600 area ore bodies that are located 1,675 m
(5,500 ft) northwest of the 3400 area.
M antos in the 3400 area are in the Callville Limestone, are 1.2 to 1.5 m (4-5 ft) thick, and
contain high-grade ore. Grades for recently mined “34 East” ore averaged 13.6 g/t (0.398 oz/st)
gold, 141 g/t (41.1 oz/st) silver, 6.7 percent lead, 6.4 percent zinc, and 1.4 percent copper. In the
same area, a higher grade manto, discovered in 2001, averaged 55 g/t (1.6 oz/st) gold, 6,200 g/t
(180 oz/st) silver, 14.4 percent lead, 8.4 percent zinc, and 1.4 percent copper.
In M arch 2002, Unico announced a resource estimate for the Deer Trail mine of 166.2 kt
(1.83 million st). Over half the tonnage was in Callville Limestone-hosted deposits in the 3400
area and nearly one-fourth was in Toroweap Formation-hosted deposits in the 8600 area. The
3400 area resource estimate includes three ore blocks: (1) a drill-indicated, proven and probable
resource of 27.2 kt (30,000 st), (2) a projected downdip 109 kt (120,000 st) resource representing
an extension to the southwest from the known 34 East mineralization, and (3) an inferred 907 kt
(1.0 million st) resource northwest of the PTH workings associated with the Red Fissure feeder
zone. Average grades for the drill-indicated resource are 6.5 g/t (0.19 oz/st) gold, 538 g/t (15.7
oz/st) silver, 2.8 percent lead, and 6.3 percent zinc. Average grades for the projected southwest
downdip extension are 9.6 g/t (0.28 oz/st) gold, 1,200g/t (35 oz/st) silver, 5 percent lead, 6
percent zinc, and 2 percent copper. The 8600 area ore body resource includes an inferred
resource of 450 kt (496,000 st) along the northwest extension of the Red Fissure, the main ore
conduit, with an estimated grade of 3.4 g/t (0.10 oz/st) gold, 514 g/t (15 oz/st) silver, 5 percent
lead, 12 percent zinc, and 0.5 percent copper. The total resource estimate also includes 169 kt
(186,000 st) of tailings with an average grade of 1.4 g/t (0.04 oz/st) gold and 123 g/t (3.6 oz/st)
silver. Additional resources not included in the above estimate are present in the area along
additional fissures, including an area north of the 8600 area that assays 240 g/t (7 oz/st) silver.

American Fork District

Limited work was done by Unico on the Silver Bell mine in the American Fork district in
Utah County. The workings have been cleaned and rehabilitated. Planned work for 2003
includes underground drilling below the existing workings to test for manto-style ore bodies
adjacent to the main vein structure. Approximately 460 m (1,500 ft) of drilling is planned,
mostly as short holes generally less than 61 m (200 ft) in length. The estimated resource for the
vein, based on strike and dip projections, is 408 kt (450,000 st). Grade of the sulfide ore
averages 0.61 g/t (0.018 oz/st) gold, 1,200 g/t (35 oz/st) silver, 5.0 percent lead, 12.0 percent
zinc, and 3.5 percent copper. The above tonnage estimate is for the vein only and does not
include any ore in the known and suspected manto deposits.

Tintic District

Chief Consolidated M ining Company, through its wholly-owned subsidiary Tintic Utah
M etals, operated the Trixie gold-silver-copper mine between January and late M arch 2002. The
recently discovered 75-85 extension ore body was being mined and stoped from the 600 level
and above. The mine was operating at its planned capacity of 136 mt (150 st) per day. In late
M arch, the mine experienced a cave-in that collapsed workings on and above the 600 level, and

12
the remaining reserves became uneconomic to mine. Fortunately, no one was killed in the cave-
in. The mine was subsequently shut down and no information has been released on when, if
ever, it will resume production.
Chief Consolidated also wrote off its reserves from the Burgin mine, currently estimated
(proven and probable) at 975 kt (1.07 million st) of ore at an average grade of 566 g/t (16.5 oz/st)
silver, 21 percent lead, and 6.7 percent zinc. The write-off was probably due to the unlikelihood
of near-term production due to the difficult and expensive work required to bring the property
into production, and low metal prices.
Chief Consolidated subsequently entered into talks to restructure its debt and is attempting to
maximize the value of its extensive real estate holdings in the district. The company owns
approximately 7,720 ha (19,300 acres) in the M ain and East Tintic districts. The company hired
a realtor firm in August with approval to sell approximately 2,000 ha (4,500 acres). In
September, the company held talks with a number of shareholders to assist in developing a re-
capitalization plan. No announcements have been made concerning the re-capitalization plan
and/or future plans for the company. In spite of recent events, Chief still believes potential exists
in the district for discovery and development of significant ore deposits. Before the mine cave-
in, Chief was planning to drill several targets in the East Tintic district including follow-up
drilling on a Trixie-like target with previous drill intercepts of up to 17.5 g/t (0.51 oz/st) gold
over 1.5 m (5 ft). Only one drill hole was completed in 2002, and Chief is currently looking for
joint-venture partners to explore this and other properties in the district.
In mid-2001, Atlas M ining Company signed a lease/option agreement on the Dragon
halloysite property in the southern part of the Tintic district, about 4 km (2.5 miles) south of
Eureka. During 2002, the mining plan was finalized, and the operation was permitted as a small
underground mine. In addition, the company drilled five short holes to verify earlier drill-
indicated reserves in the northwestern part of the ore body. The drilling confirmed the earlier
estimates. Current reserves remain at 270 kt (300,000 st) with a potential resource of 910 kt (1
million st). M ining is scheduled to begin in the summer of 2003.

REFERENCES

Cunningham, L.D., 2003, Beryllium: U.S. Geological Survey, M ineral Commodity Summaries,
2 p.
M agyar, M .J., 2003, Molybdenum: U.S. Geological Survey, M ineral Commodity Summaries, 2
p.
Rio Tinto, 2003: Rio Tinto 2002 Annual Report and Financial Statements, p. 41.
Tanner, Arnold, 2003, Utah-2001 annual estimate: U.S. Geological Survey, M ineral Industry
Surveys, 9 p.
Tepordei, V.V. and Bolen, W.P., 2003, Crushed stone and sand and gravel in the fourth quarter
of 2002: U.S. Geological Survey, M ineral Industry Surveys, 10 p.

13
Figure 1. Value of Utah’s mineral production from 1998 through 2002.

14
Figure 2. Value of Utah’s nonfuel mineral production from 1991 through 2001.

15
Figure 3. Location of brine processing plants around Great S alt Lake.

16
Figure 4. Utah’s coal production from 1992 through 2002.

17
Figure 5. Major base- and precious-metals exploration areas in Utah during 2002.

18
 2003 Summary of Mineral Activity in Utah
R.L. Bon and R.W. Gloyn, Utah Geological Survey

SUMMARY

The value of Utah's mineral production (including coal) in 2003 is estimated to be $1.82
billion, essentially the same as 2002. Contributions from each of the major industry segments
are: base metals, $690 million (38.0% of total); industrial minerals, $555 million (30.5% of
total); coal, $436 million (24.0% of total); and precious metals, $136 million (7.5% of total).
Base metals was the only segment that gained in value in 2003.
The changes in Utah's mineral valuation by industry segment for the years 1999 through
2003 are shown in figure 1. Compared to 2002, the 2003 values of (1) base metals increased $78
million (12.8%), (2) industrial minerals decreased $10 million (1.8%), (3) coal decreased $31
million (6.8%), and (4) precious metals decreased $36 million (20.5%).
The value of mineral production is projected to remain flat or decrease slightly in 2004
due to decreased coal and base-metal values and flat to declining industrial mineral values, offset
by higher precious-metal values. Base- and precious-metal prices increased significantly in 2003
and should remain at or above their respective 2003 year-end prices during 2004. A decrease in
copper production will offset most of the valuation gains from higher base- and precious-metal
prices. Industrial mineral prices should also remain at their current levels as the economic
recovery continues, although a reduction in demand for several commodities is projected. Coal
prices should remain at the same level as in 2003, although production will be lower.
During 2003, the Utah Division of Oil, Gas and Mining (DOGM) received five Large
Mine permit applications (2 ha [5 acres] and larger disturbance) and 20 new Small Mine permit
applications (less than 2 ha [5 acres] disturbance). The five Large Mine permit applications
include three new mine applications and two applications to change from a Small Mine permit to
a Large Mine permit. All of the Small Mine permits are for new operations.
Mineral exploration statewide increased significantly in 2003. Twenty-one Notices of
Intent to explore on public lands were filed with DOGM in 2003, compared to 11 in 2002, 14 in
2001, and 15 in 2000.
Nationally, Utah ranked 10th in the value of nonfuel minerals produced in 2002 (latest
year that production figures are available) and accounted for about 3% of the total U.S. nonfuel
mineral production value. Utah also ranked 12th in coal production in 2002. The state should
retain similar rankings in 2003.

OUTLOOK

The value of mineral production in Utah is expected to remain flat or decrease slightly in
2004. Operator surveys indicate that in 2004, base-metal and coal values will be slightly lower
while precious-metal values will be higher. Industrial mineral values will be flat to slightly
lower. A moderate increase in metal prices is forecast for the year, but decreased copper
production will reduce overall values. The opening of one or two small base-metal mines in the
next two to three years will add incrementally to the state’s base-metal values. Precious-metal

1
production will be slightly higher in 2004 due to increased production from Kennecott’s
Bingham Canyon mine, but will be partially offset by lower gold production from Kennecott’s
Barneys Canyon mine. Industrial-mineral values will also be flat to lower with lower regional
demand for sand and gravel, crushed stone, and cement offset by increased demand for salt and
brine, and lime products. Coal prices are expected to increase slightly while production will
decline in 2004 due to the closure of several mines. The recent run-up in metal prices should
increase exploration for these metals for the next few years.

MINE PERMIT SUMMARY

During 2003, DOGM received five Large Mine permit applications (2 ha [5 acres] and
larger disturbance) and 20 new Small Mine permit applications (less than 2 ha [5 acres]
disturbance). The Large Mine permit applications were all industrial mineral mines. Two of the
Large Mine permit applications were made to change from a Small Mine permit to a Large Mine
permit, and three applications were for new mines. The 20 Small Mine permit applications
include 16 industrial mineral mines, two precious-metal mines, and two gemstone mines. The
number of both Large Mine and Small Mine permit applications is the same as 2002.
In 2002, DOGM recorded production from 81 Large Mines (excluding sand and gravel),
one less than in 2001. The Large Mines include four base-metal mines, four precious-metal
mines, 13 coal mines, and 60 industrial-mineral mines (including gemstones, geodes, fossils, and
others). Ninety-four Small Mines reported production in 2002, 16 fewer than in 2001. These
Small Mines included nine precious-metal, 60 industrial-mineral, and 25 gems, fossils, geodes,
and other operations.

EXPLORATION PERMITS

Mineral exploration statewide increased significantly in 2003. Twenty-one Notices of

Intent (NOIs) to explore on public lands were filed with the state in 2003, compared to 11 in
2002, 14 in 2001, and 15 in 2000. The 21 approved NOIs by county include: Beaver – 5, Box
Elder – 1, Juab – 2, Iron – 2, Millard – 2, Tooele – 6, Uintah – 1, and Utah – 2. Ten of the NOIs
were approved for base- and precious-metal exploration, nine for industrial minerals, and two for
exploration of gems, fossils, geodes, and other minerals.

NATIONAL RANKINGS

The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) ranked Utah 10th in the nation in the value of
nonfuel mineral production in 2002 (latest year that production figures are available), compared
to 9th in 2001. USGS data show that Utah accounted for 3% of the total U.S. nonfuel mineral
production value. The 2002 data also show that Utah remained the only state that produced
beryllium concentrates. Additionally, Utah was second in the production of copper, gold, and
magnesium compounds; second of two magnesium-metal-producing states and three potash-
producing states; third in molybdenum concentrates; fourth of four states that produced
phosphate rock; fifth in bentonite; and sixth in salt. The state was tied for third in perlite, rose

2
from fifth to fourth in the production of silver, and dropped from fifth to ninth in the production
of gemstones. Additionally, Utah was a significant producer of construction sand and gravel,
Portland cement, lime, and common clays (Tanner, 2004). USGS data show that between 1992
and 2002 the value of nonfuel mineral production in Utah ranged from a low of $1.23 billion in
2002 to a high of $1.85 billion in 1995 (figure 2). The value of nonfuel mineral production for
2002 is estimated to be $1.23 billion, about $130 million (9%) less than 2001. The Utah
Geological Survey's (UGS) estimate for the value of nonfuel mineral production for 2003 is
$1.38 billion, just 2% higher than 2002.

BASE- AND PRECIOUS-METAL PRODUCTION

Base-metal production, with an estimated value of $690 million, was the largest
contributor to the value of minerals produced in 2003 (figure 1). In descending order of value,
those metals were copper, magnesium metal, molybdenum, and beryllium. The 2003 base-metal
values were about $78 million (12.8%) more than 2002. Precious-metal production, valued at
$136 million, included gold (88% of total value) and silver (12% of total value). Precious-metal
values in 2003 were $36 million (20.5%) less than 2002. Kennecott Utah Copper Corporation’s
Bingham Canyon mine is located about 32 km (20 mi) southwest of Salt Lake City in Salt Lake
County and is the state’s sole producer of copper and molybdenum, and the major producer of
gold and silver. The combined value of minerals produced from the Bingham Canyon mine is
more than one-third of the total value of all minerals produced statewide.

Copper

Copper is the largest contributor to the value of nonfuel minerals in Utah. Significant
price increases in 1994 and 1995 pushed the value of copper to historical highs and the value of
base-metal production statewide to over $1 billion for the first time in 1995. From 1995 through
2002, the price of copper fell significantly from $3.04/kg ($1.38/lb) in 1995 to $1.67/kg
($0.76/lb) in 2002. Copper prices rebounded in 2003, closing the year at over $2.20/kg
($1.00/lb) and averaging $1.81/kg ($0.82/lb). Copper production from Kennecott's Bingham
Canyon mine increased moderately in 2003 to approximately 280,000 metric tons (mt) (310,000
short tons [st]) from 2002 production of approximately 260,000 mt (290,000 st) of copper metal.
In 2002, Kennecott announced that current economic open-pit reserves will be exhausted in 10 to
12 years, and that no decision has been made to extend part of the mine underground, although a
rigorous economic evaluation has been conducted. The company is also evaluating alternative
open-pit scenarios to extend the mine reserve. Kennecott reports that the Bingham Canyon mine
produces more than 10% of the annual refined copper requirements in the U.S. (Rio Tinto,
2004).

Magnesium Metal

Magnesium metal was the third-largest contributor to the value of base metals in 2003.
Magnesium metal is produced from Great Salt Lake brines by U.S. Magnesium, LLC (formerly
Magnesium Corporation of America [Magcorp]) at its electrolytic plant at Rowley in Tooele
County (see figure 3). U.S. Magnesium purchased the assets of Magcorp in June 2002 from the

3
U.S. Bankruptcy Court. The plant’s annual capacity is 43,000 mt (47,000 st) of magnesium
metal (99.9% purity). It is the only active primary magnesium processing facility in the U.S.
Magnesium production was less than capacity in 2003, due to depressed magnesium prices and
modernization of the processing plant. The modernization work was completed in 2003 and the
company will evaluate the possibility of expanding operations as the market improves.
Magnesium metal prices reached an 11-year low in 2002, but started to improve during the 4th
quarter of the year.

Molybdenum

The sole molybdenum producer in Utah is Kennecott's Bingham Canyon mine, which
produced more than 7,200 mt (8,000 st) of by-product molybdenum concentrate (MoS2) in 2003,
a decrease of more than 20% from 2002. Production was lower due to a combination of lower
amounts of molybdenum in the copper ore and lower smelter throughput. The Bingham Canyon
mine was one of six molybdenum-producing mines in the U.S. in 2003. The USGS reports that
in the U.S., mine output of molybdenum increased 5% in 2003 (Magyar, 2004). However, over
the past two years U.S. molybdenum production dropped by 20%.

Beryllium

Utah continues to be the nation's sole producer of beryllium concentrates. Beryllium ore
(bertrandite) is mined at Brush Resource’s Topaz and Hogs Back mines in Juab County and
processed along with imported beryl at the company's plant a few miles north of Delta in Millard
County. The product (beryllium hydroxide) is then sent to the company-owned refinery and
finishing plant in Ohio, where it is converted into beryllium metal, alloys, and oxide. In 2003,
about 42,000 mt (47,000 st) of ore was mined and trucked to the processing plant. The mine
produced substantially more ore than in previous years due to increased demand and reduced
processing of stockpiled ore. The use of beryllium in electronic and electrical components, and
aerospace and defense applications accounted for an estimated 80% of total consumption. Sales
of alloy products increased during the first half of 2003 (Cunningham, 2004).

Gold and Silver

Gold production in 2003 is estimated to be more than 9,300 kg (300,000 Troy ounces
[oz]), a 25% decrease from the 12,400 kg (400,000 oz) produced in 2002. Gold is produced
from two surface mines owned by Kennecott Corporation: one primary producer (Barneys
Canyon mine) and one by-product operation (Bingham Canyon mine), both located in Salt Lake
County. Several other small mines in the state are known to produce minor amounts of gold and
silver, but metal-specific production is not reported, and not included in the above totals. The
Barneys Canyon mine exhausted its economic ore reserves in late 2001 and ceased mining, but
will continue to produce gold from its heap-leach pads at a much reduced rate into 2005, when
those pads will be depleted. A combination of lower gold-content copper ore and lower smelter
throughput reduced gold production from the Bingham Canyon mine in 2003.
Silver production is estimated to be approximately 0.109 million kg (3.5 million oz) in
2003, about 3,100 kg (100,000 oz) less than 2002. Silver is produced as a by-product metal from

4
the Bingham Canyon mine. The lower production of silver is due to the same factors that
caused a similar reduction in gold.

INDUSTRIAL-MINERALS PRODUCTION

Industrial-minerals production, with an estimated value of $555 million, was the second-
largest contributor to the value of minerals produced in 2003 (figure 1). Since 1993 (first year of
data recording by the UGS), the value of industrial minerals has varied from a low of $412
million in 1994 to a high of $583 million in 1999. Within the past five years, those commodities
or commodity groups that have realized substantial gains include sand and gravel and crushed
stone; Portland cement and lime; and salines, including salt, magnesium chloride, potash
(potassium chloride), and sulfate of potash (SOP). Other major commodities produced in Utah,
in descending order of value, include phosphate, gilsonite, expanded shale, common clay,
bentonite, and gypsum.

Portland Cement and Lime

Portland cement and lime were the highest-value (up from second in 2002) industrial
minerals produced in 2003, with a combined value of $167 million, about $8 million (5%) less
than in 2002 . Two operators produce Portland cement in Utah: Holcim, Inc. (formerly Holnam,
Inc.) and Ash Grove Cement Company. Holcim's Devils Slide mine and plant are east of
Morgan in Morgan County, and Ash Grove's Leamington mine and plant are east of Lynndyl in
Juab County. The companies have a combined capacity of more than 1.4 million mt (1.5 million
st) of cement annually. Both plants operated at or above capacity in 2003, with total production
of nearly 1.5 million mt (1.7 million st). In addition to limestone, both Holcim and Ash Grove
Cement mine modest amounts of shale and sandstone that are used in the manufacture of cement.
Lime production was about 6% higher in 2003 than in 2002, with an estimated
production of about 586,000 mt (650,000 st). There are two suppliers of lime in Utah, with a
combined capacity of more than 0.9 million mt (1.0 million st) per year: Graymont Western
U.S., Inc. (formerly Continental Lime Company), which produces dolomitic quick lime and
high-calcium quick lime; and Chemical Lime of Arizona, Inc., which produces dolomitic quick
lime and hydrated lime. Both operations serve markets in Utah and surrounding states.
Graymont Western's plant is in the Cricket Mountains, approximately 56 km (35 mi) southwest
of Delta in Millard County, and is one of the 10 largest lime plants in the United States.
Chemical Lime of Arizona's plant is about 13 km (8 mi) northwest of Grantsville in Tooele
County.
An additional 10 to 12 operators quarried about 1.6 million mt (1.4 million st) of
limestone and dolomite in 2003 that was used mainly for construction and flue-gas
desulfurization in coal-fired power plants. A small amount of limestone and dolomite is also
crushed to a fine powder and marketed as “rock dust” to the coal mining industry. The three
largest suppliers of crushed limestone used for construction are (1) Staker and Parsons Company,
from two quarries in Utah County; (2) Harper Construction Company, from one quarry in Salt
Lake County; and (3) Pelican Point Rock Products Company (formerly Larsen Limestone
Company), from one quarry in Utah County.

5
 Salt, Magnesium Chloride, Potash (Potassium Chloride),
and Sulfate of Potash

Brine-derived products, including salt, are the second-highest contributors (up from third-
highest in 2002) to the value of industrial-minerals production in Utah during 2003, with a
combined value of about $155 million, about $6.9 million (4.7%) more than in 2002. In addition
to salt, brine-derived products include magnesium chloride and potash (potassium chloride and
SOP). One company (North Shore Limited Partnership) produces a small amount of
concentrated brine that is used as an ingredient in mineral food supplements. The location of
operators around Great Salt Lake is shown in figure 3. The statewide production of salt and
other brine-derived products, excluding magnesium metal, is estimated to be 3.35 million mt
(3.72 million st) in 2003, about 36,000 mt (40,000 st) higher than in 2002. Potash production
(including SOP) is estimated to be about 355,000 mt (394,000 st) in 2003, approximately 40,000
mt (44,000 st) more than in 2002.
Salt production alone is estimated to be 2.5 million mt (2.75 million st) in 2003, about
225,000 mt (250,000 st) less than in 2002, with most of the production coming from three
operators processing brine from Great Salt Lake. These operators are, in descending order of
production: (1) Great Salt Lake Minerals Corporation, (2) Morton International, and (3) Cargill
Salt Company. In addition, three other companies produce salt and/or potash from operations
not located on Great Salt Lake: (1) Reilly Chemical Company at Wendover in Tooele County
(salt and potash), (2) Moab Salt, LLC near Moab in Grand County (salt and potash), and (3)
Redmond Minerals, Inc. near Redmond in Sanpete County (salt).

Sand and Gravel and Crushed Stone

Sand and gravel, and crushed stone (including limestone and dolomite) were the third-
highest contributors to the value of industrial minerals produced in Utah during 2003 (down from
the highest in 2002), with an estimated value of $140 million, about $2.1 million (less than 2%)
lower than in 2002. These materials are produced in nearly every county in Utah by commercial
operators, and by federal, state, and county agencies. Due to the large number of operations, the
UGS did not send production questionnaires to this group. However, production data are
compiled by the USGS. Their preliminary 2003 data show production of 26.1 million mt (28.9
million st) of sand and gravel with an estimated value of $101 million, and 7.68 million mt (8.52
million st) of crushed stone with an estimated value of $39.1 million. This compares to 27.6
million mt (30.6 million st) of sand and gravel and 7.64 million mt (8.47 million st) of crushed
stone produced in 2002, with a combined value of $42.1 million (Tepordei and Bolen, 2004).

Phosphate

SF Phosphates, Ltd. (soon to be Simplot Phosphates) is Utah's only phosphate producer.

The company’s phosphate operation is 18 km (11 mi) north of Vernal in Uintah County. SF
Phosphates was a partnership of Farmland Industries and J.R. Simplot, but is now wholly owned
by J.R. Simplot. The mine produces roughly 2.7 to 3.6 million mt (3 - 4 million st) of ore
annually, which is processed into 0.9 to 1.8 million mt (1 - 2 million st) of phosphate
concentrate. The concentrate is transported in slurry form to the company's Rock Springs,
Wyoming fertilizer plant via a 144-km- (90-mi-) long underground pipeline. During 2003, the

6
mine produced about 3.3 million mt (3.7 million st) of ore, about 7% less than in 2002, its
highest production year.

Gilsonite

Gilsonite production for 2003 is estimated to be about 51,000 mt (57,000 st), about 7,200
mt (8,000 st) less than in 2002. Gilsonite is an unusual solid hydrocarbon that has been mined in
Utah for more than 100 years. All of the gilsonite mines are located in southeastern Uintah
County. The three companies that produce gilsonite, in descending order of production, are: (1)
American Gilsonite Company, (2) Zeigler Chemical and Minerals Company, and (3) Lexco, Inc.
Gilsonite is marketed worldwide for use in over 150 products ranging from printing inks to
explosives. Gilsonite production has been relatively stable for the past several years.

Expanded Shale and Perlite

Two companies produce lightweight “expanded” products from shale and perlite for use
primarily in the construction and building industries. Utelite, Inc., mined nearly 158,000 mt
(175,000 st) of shale in 2003 to manufacture “expanded shale” for use as a lightweight aggregate
for the construction industry. Utelite’s mine is east of the town of Wanship in Summit County.
Production of “expanded shale” was approximately 12% lower in 2003 than in 2002. Basin
Perlite Company mined about 36,000 mt (40,000 st) of perlite ore to produce “expanded perlite”
used mainly in the manufacture of building construction products. The perlite mine is located
north and west of the town of Milford in Beaver County.

Common Clay and Bentonite

Nearly 193,000 mt (214,000 st) of common clay and approximately 60,000 mt (67,000 st)
of bentonite were produced by five companies in 2003, a 20% decrease in common clay and a
90% increase in bentonite compared to 2002. Statewide, there were 11 active Large Mine and
seven active Small Mine permits held by clay operators in 2003. Many of these mines, both
Large and Small, operate intermittently. In descending order of production, the three largest
producers of common clay in 2002 were: (1) Interstate Brick Company, (2) Interpace Industries,
and (3) Paradise Management Company. Two companies (Western Clay Company and
Redmond Minerals, Inc.) produce bentonite from pits located in central Utah. More than 75%
of all common clay is used in the manufacture of brick. Bentonite is used as a sealant in many
civil engineering applications, as a pet-waste absorbent (litter-box filler), as an additive in oil and
gas drilling fluids, and as a binder in foundry molds. ECDC Environmental, LLC intermittently
produces clay for use at their waste disposal facility near the town of East Carbon in Carbon
County. Sufficient stockpiled material will preclude any additional clay mining by ECDC in the
foreseeable future.

Gypsum

Four companies produced about 347,000 mt (385,000 st) of gypsum in 2003, nearly
32,000 mt (35,000 st) more than in 2002. In descending order of production, the companies are:
(1) U.S. Gypsum Company, (2) H.E. Davis and Sons, (3) Nephi Gypsum, Inc., and (4) D.K.

7
Gypsum Industries. U.S. Gypsum operates the only active wallboard plant in Utah. The plant is
located near the town of Sigurd in Sevier County. The Georgia Pacific plant, also near Sigurd,
closed in 2002 and the company’s mines in Utah are inactive. Georgia Pacific shifted wallboard
manufacturing to the company’s LasVegas, Nevada facility.
Most gypsum produced in Utah is used for making wallboard, but several operators
supply raw gypsum to regional cement companies where it is used as an additive to retard the
setting time of cement and to the agricultural industry for use as a soil conditioner.

ENERGY MINERALS PRODUCTION

Coal

Utah’s coal operators produced 20.8 million mt (23.1 million st) of coal valued at $436
million from 12 underground mines and one surface mine in 2003 (figures 1 and 4). This
production is approximately 2.0 million mt (2.2 million st), 8.7% less than in 2002. All of the
mines and facilities are located in central Utah. Utah’s only coal-waste recovery plant, located
near the town of Wellington in Carbon County, is permanently closed, although the company’s
synfuel facility located at the Castle Valley railroad spur operated on a limited basis using coal
waste purchased from other coal operators. The largest coal producer was the SUFCO mine,
operated by Canyon Fuel Company, LLC (Sevier County), which produced a near-record high of
more than 6.4 million mt (7.1 million st) of raw coal. In addition, the following four mines each
produced in excess of 1.8 million mt (2.0 million st) of coal: (1) Deer Creek, operated by Energy
West Mining Company (Pacificorp, Inc.) (Emery County); (2) Skyline #3, operated by Canyon
Fuel Company, LLC (Emery and Sanpete Counties); (3) West Ridge, operated by West Ridge
Resources (Carbon County); and (4) Dugout, operated by Canyon Fuel Company, LLC (Carbon
County).
Over half of Utah’s coal was consumed by electric utilities within the state in 2003. Coal
was also used for industrial purposes within the state, shipped to electric utilities and industrial
users in other states, and exported overseas. The export market to Pacific Rim countries, which
had accounted for up to 5.0 million mt (5.5 million st) of production in 1996, dwindled to less
than 0.45 million mt (0.5 million st) in 2002, and to zero in 2003 due to lower overall demand
and foreign competition. No overseas coal exports are anticipated in the next several years.
One new surface operation located in Carbon County, White Oak Mining and
Construction Company’s (Lodestar, Inc.) Whisky Creek mine, began producing coal in late 2001
and closed in early 2003. The mine was opened to salvage the remaining near-surface coal from
the company’s White Oak #1 and #2 underground mines, which were mined out in 2001. The
Horizon mine, which produced a small amount of coal before being idled in late January 2002,
was re-opened in 2003. The Willow Creek mine (RAG International, Inc.), which was closed
following a mine explosion and fire in July 2000, is being reclaimed. Consolidation Coal
Company’s Emery mine in Emery County produced a small amount of coal in 2002 and about
206,000 mt (228,000 st) in 2003 before being idled and put up for sale. One new mine
(UtahAmerican Energy Company’s Lila Canyon mine) in Emery County is in the permitting
stage and could begin producing within a year or so, depending on successful marketing. The
Skyline #3 mine is scheduled to be closed in May 2004 due to significantly increased water

8
handling costs and related operational issues. The surge in energy prices that began in the fall of
2003 will have a positive effect on coal prices for the next few years.

Uranium

Although uranium prices have increased significantly since July 2003 (rising from
$23.14/kg [$10.50/lb] to $34.16/kg [$15.50/lb] at year’s end), no uranium ore was mined in Utah
in 2003. U.S. Energy Company’s Shootaring Canyon mill (Garfield County) remained idle the
entire year while International Uranium Corporation’s White Mesa mill (San Juan County)
processed an “alternate feed.” Eleven uranium/vanadium mines are listed as inactive statewide.

EXPLORATION AND DEVELOPMENT ACTIVITY

Exploration for base and precious metals remained low during 2003. The DOGM
received 21 new notices of intent (NOIs) of which 14 were approved. Of the 21 applications,
nine were for industrial minerals, eight for precious metals, two for base metals, and the
remaining two were for a seismic research project and for road building. Half of the precious
metals NOIs were from individuals, and most were located for areas unlikely to have any gold.
The remaining precious metal NOIs were from companies and are either for existing mining
districts or areas where previous drilling found some mineralization. The major base and
precious metal exploration/development areas are discussed below and shown on figure 5. The
Dragon halloysite property is included in the discussion because it is in a metal mining district
and owes its existence to hydrothermal alteration.

Milford Area

Rocky Range-Beaver Lake Mountains Districts

During 2003, Western Utah Copper Company (WUCC) continued its activities in Beaver
County with focus on securing and adding to its large exploration and development land position
within the east-west-trending “Milford mineral belt” and elsewhere in Beaver County. The
company also focused on bringing in a joint-venture partner to further WUCC’s twin objectives
of initiating a substantial exploration program within the “Milford mineral belt” and preparing
major known copper deposits for production. In November 2003, WUCC completed its
purchase of the Beaver County assets of Nevada Star Resources including most of the known
copper deposits and prospective ground in the Rocky Range and Beaver Lake mining districts.
Effective November 20, 2003, WUCC entered into an agreement with Palladon Ventures Ltd.
covering WUCC’s interests in the “Milford mineral belt,” granting Palladon an option to bring
certain deposits into production and the right to fund a multi-million-dollar exploration program
on WUCC’s non-reserve lands within the belt. Since entering into their agreement, Palladon and
WUCC have been analyzing data and drill targets and plan to begin drilling on several targets in
Spring 2004. At the end of 2003, WUCC’s land position in the “Milford mineral belt” totaled
about 20,600 net ha (50,900 ac).

9
San Francisco District
Franconia did no drilling on their leased Horn Silver zinc property in 2003 but is
scheduled to drill four to six holes in 2004. The target is structurally controlled and manto style,
sulfide and non-sulfide zinc mineralization along and adjacent to the Horn Silver fault west of
and below the old workings. The three holes drilled in 2002 intersected multiple mineralized
intervals from 1.6 to 17 m (5.2-55 ft) thick assaying 14 to 34% zinc.

Other Areas
Western Utah Copper Company has also been active in acquiring properties north and
south of the “Milford mineral belt” which the company believes are prospective for gold deposits
distal to the copper deposits on the main belt. WUCC acquired a large property position in the
“Goldfinger trend” south of the belt in the Blue Mountain area and also in the “Golden Reef
zone” several miles north of the town of Frisco in the San Francisco Mountains.
As of early 2004, WUCC’s land position in these areas totals about 11,375 net ha (28,100 ac).
WUCC began a drilling program in the “Goldfinger trend” in January 2004 and early drill results
are encouraging. Additional drilling is planned for both this and other areas.

Tintic Area

There was no significant metals exploration or development activity in the Tintic district,
but Atlas Mining Company of Osborn, Idaho, began exploration and development work on their
Dragon hallyosite property located approximately 4.8 km (3 mi) due south of Eureka in Juab
County. Work consisted of limited drilling to confirm and verify reserves, partial rehabilitation
of the 137-m (450-ft) -deep main shaft, and milling and processing tests. Much effort was
directed toward establishing new markets and uses other than the standard high-quality ceramic
use. Of particular interest was development of microtubular applications, particularly for timed
release of components using the natural halloysite tubes. The company is scheduled to begin
production in mid-2004. Current reserves are estimated at 272,000 mt (300,000 st) of high-
quality halloysite with an estimated value of $596.00/mt ($450.00/st). The company predicts a
market demand of 5450 to 13,600 mt (6000-15,000 st) halloysite/year.

Clifton-Gold Hill Area

Dumont Nickel Inc., through its wholly owned Utah subsidiary Dumont Mining
continued property acquisition and exploration on its joint-venture properties in the Clifton-Gold
Hill area of westernmost Tooele County. During 2003, Dumont staked nearly 600 mining
claims, optioned an additional 82 claims including the Kiewit gold-adularia-bearing altered zone,
and leased four state sections around and between the claims previously optioned from Clifton
Mining Company and Woodman Mining Company. These acquisitions increased Dumont’s
property position from about 18 km2 (7 mi2) to over 72 km2 (28 mi2). Additional acquisitions in
early 2004 increased the size of the property position to 85 km2 (33 mi2).
Exploration during 2003 was designed to confirm, upgrade, and expand previous
exploration results on the properties. Exploration included (1) reconnaissance mapping and
sampling the Cane Springs property and surrounding areas including two large jasperoid-
jasperoid breccia bodies and drilling of three vertical holes totaling 366 m (1200 ft) to test the
southeast extension of the mineralized shear zone, (2) extensive orientation and verification

10
sampling of the Clifton Shears and initiation of a core drilling program to test the depth potential
of several of the better gold-silver-bearing shear zones, (3) a soil sampling survey (300 samples)
over extensive zones of silicification covering an area of 4 km2 (1.54 mi2) in the IBA property in
the southwestern part of the district, and (4) initial surface sampling of the gold- and beryllium-
bearing Kiewit altered zone. Results are as follows:
Cane Springs: The three drill holes intersected highly sheared and altered marble with pyrite,
chalcopyrite, and arsenopyrite and mineralized jasperoid and jasperoid breccia over drill
thicknesses of 52 to 55 m (170-180 ft). Up to four mineralized shear zones were intersected with
individual thicknesses of 1 to 5 m (3-16 ft) containing 0.2 to 6.0 g/mt (0.006-0.17 oz/st) gold
with associated copper. The best gold intercept was 0.3 m (1 ft) assaying 188 g/mt (5.5 oz/st)
gold. In addition, anomalous gold and copper values in surface samples collected in areas away
from the old mine workings suggest potential for additional mineralized shear zones or jasperoid
breccias.
Clifton Shears: Over 250 surface samples (including 190 chip samples across eight shear
zones) and 13 underground samples representing an aggregate total of 3445 m (11,300 ft) of
sampling were collected by Dumont in a portion of the “Clifton Shears.” The Clifton Shears are
a 0.8 km wide by 2.4 km long (0.5 mi x 1.5 mi), northeast-trending zone with over 40 shear
zones containing gold, silver, lead, and zinc values. Recent sampling confirmed previous
sampling results and returned gold grades of up to 16.9 g/mt (0.49 oz/st) over widths 0.15-15.2 m
(0.5-50 ft). The average width for all samples collected was 1.7 meters (5.7 ft), and the average
grade was 0.6 g/mt (0.017 oz/st) gold. Previous sampling, compiled by Behre-Dolbear, indicated
an average grade of about 1.7 g/mt (0.05 oz/st) gold, 274 g/mt (8 oz/st) silver, and 6% lead for
the sampled shears. Drilling to test the downdip extension of the shears began in mid-December
2003 and was completed in late January 2004. Seven angle holes totaling 1280 m (4200 ft) were
drilled along two lines. The drilling confirmed that the shears continue to a depth of at least 213
m (700 ft), but no assay results have been released to date.
IBA Area: A large, anomalous gold-silver zone was discovered which is still open to the north
toward old trenches that contained samples assaying 17 g/mt (0.5 oz/st) gold.
Kiewit Zone: Dumont reported that limited initial surface sampling confirmed the presence of
gold, and a composite grab sample representing 55 m2 (600 ft2) assayed 3.8 g/mt (0.11 oz/st).
Previous surface sampling in 1962 returned gold assays of 0.7 to 30.1 g/mt (0.02-0.88 oz/st).
Future work for 2004 includes (1) drilling a fan-shaped pattern of holes in propylitically
altered quartz monzonite, (2) additional sampling and trenching with follow-up drilling in the
Cane Spring area to evaluate both the known structure and surrounding areas including the gold-
bearing jasperoid breccias, (3) additional mapping, sampling, and drilling of the “Clifton Shears”
with emphasis on stockwork mineralization and cross-structures between the known shear zones,
(4) additional surface sampling of the 1220-m (4000-ft) -long Kiewit gold zone followed by an
initial six-hole drilling program, (5) additional soil sampling to extend the anomalous IBA gold
zone and to define additional gold targets with drilling to test the anomalies at depth, and (6)
district-wide mapping and geochemical grid sampling focusing on the gold-bearing silica breccia
zones.

Gold Springs District

In early 2003, North American Gold, Inc. acquired a lease on 162 ha (400 ac) of
unpatented ground in the Gold Springs district, a low-sulfidation, epithermal gold-silver district

11
straddling the Utah-Nevada line in western Iron County. The company drilled six holes totaling
970 m (3185 ft) with the deepest hole being 268 m (880 ft) deep. Three holes were drilled in the
northern area (Jumbo vein area), and three holes were drilled in the southern area (Aetna vein
area). The holes were angle holes designed to intersect the quartz-adularia veins and any
adjacent stockwork or lower-grade, wall-rock mineralization. Although the drilling did intersect
several gold intercepts of up to 3.4 g/mt (0.10 oz/st) gold and wider zones of 1.0 to 1.4 g/mt
(0.03-0.04 oz/st) gold, results were not sufficient to justify holding the property. In early 2004
the property was returned to the vendor.

Lisbon Valley Area

Constellation Copper Company is proceeding with development of its Lisbon Valley

Copper project. The company plans to begin facilities construction in 2004 with full production
anticipated by mid-2005. The company announced plans to purchase the complete crushing and
solvent extraction-electrowinning (SX-EW) facility originally used for the Equatorial Copper
operation near Tonopah, Nevada, and has retained Merit Consultants International as
construction manager. Merit began soliciting bids for both dismantling and moving the plant and
for new facilities construction at the Lisbon Valley site. Total initial capital costs are estimated
at $49 million to bring the mine into production. A completed Technical Update to the original
feasibility study indicated total life-of-mine costs (including capital and reclamation costs) of
$0.69/lb using a copper price of $0.95/lb. The current proven and probable reserves for the
Sentinel, Centennial, and GTO pits are 33.3 million mt (36.7 million st) grading 0.51% copper.
The operation is fully permitted except for a State Air Quality permit which is under application.
In late 2003, Constellation acquired additional leases southeast of the GTO deposit
covering a portion of the deep, high-grade GTO Extension deposit. In December 2003, the
company began a 25-hole exploration drilling program to further test this deposit. Drilling to
date indicates an average mineralized thickness of 6.47 m (21.25 ft), at a grade of 3.25% copper,
at depths of 106 to 142 m (350-465 ft). Previous drilling outlined a resource of approximately
0.907 million mt (1 million st) at an average grade of 1.9% copper amenable to underground
mining. Constellation also did extensive drilling on the Cashin property in Colorado,
approximately 24 km (15 mi) northeast of Lisbon Valley, to develop reserves that could supply
feed for the Lisbon Valley mill.
A geologic report by Dr. Jon Thorson on the Lisbon Valley deposit is available on-line at
Constellation’s web site at www.constellationcopper.com.

Bromide Basin Area

Unico, Inc. continued exploration on their Bromide Basin properties. In 2003, the
company (1) partially dewatered the Bromide tunnel to access several of the fault-intersection
breccias along the vein and took selected bulk samples of the breccias, (2) continued driving the
El Padre tunnel to intersect the Bromide vein approximately 122 m (400 ft) below the Bromide
mine adit level, (3) mapped and sampled parts of the Kimble and Turner mine, and (4) begin
screen testing of the Kimball-Turner stockpile. Significant results include discovery of a well-
mineralized fault-intersection breccia in the Kimble and Turner mine, bulk testing of 318 kg (700
lb) of breccia ore with wire gold from the Bromide vein resulting in recovery of 217 gm (7 oz)
gold (equivalent to 683g/mt [20 oz/st]), and recovery of an average 34 g/mt (1 oz/st) gold from

12
screened stockpile feed by sluicing. Work planned for 2004 includes extending the El Padre
tunnel to intersect the Bromide vein (less than 60 m [200 ft]) of crosscut required), regional
surface mapping and geochemistry, and detailed sampling of known and newly discovered
mineralized structures. The company hopes to begin mining 45-54 mt/d (50-60 st/d) of 68 to 103
g/mt (2-3 oz/st) gold ore to be processed at the company’s Deer Trail mill as soon as the El Padre
tunnel intersects the Bromide vein.

Deer Trail Mine

Unico, Inc. mined a small amount of ore in 2003 from its Deer Trail property in Piute
County, south of Marysvale. During the early part of the year, Unico began mining the high-
grade mantos in the 3400 East orebody, but mining was curtailed pending upgrading the mill
circuits to produce a cleaner, more salable concentrate. In mid-year, Unico began sampling and
evaluating the dumps and tailings from the oxidized, gold-rich Upper (old) Deer Trail adit. The
Upper Deer Trail adit dumps contain approximately 22,700 to 27,200 mt (25,000 to 30,000 st) of
material. Based on a 907-mt (1000-st) composite sample, these dumps average 5.1 g/mt (0.15
oz/st) gold and 171 g/mt (5.0 oz/st) silver. Screen tests indicate that the grade can be
substantially improved by screening. The property also contains 167,000 mt (184,000 st) of mill
tailings that average 1.4g/mt (0.04 oz/st) gold and 103 g/mt (3.0 oz/st) silver. The company
hopes to process up to 4500 mt (5000 st) or more of dump material per year once the mill
rehabilitation is completed. In 2004, Unico plans to develop the 3400 orebodies in the PTH
tunnel and sample and evaluate the Upper Deer Trail adit for additional ore pockets.

Bingham Canyon District

Kennecott Utah Copper did no deep exploration drilling in 2003 to test the deep porphyry
roots and/or deep skarn potential of the Bingham porphyry system. Drilling in 2003
concentrated on in-fill drilling in the pit and extensive engineering drilling (RQD drilling) for pit
planning and design to minimize overburden removal. Kennecott has announced no formal
decision on the status of underground mining. Options currently being considered are continuing
the approved open-pit mine plan, expanding the open pit (“Great Leap pit”), underground block
caving, underground skarn mining, or any combination of the above. A decision is expected at
the end of 2004. The current “approved” pit would allow mining until 2014, and the “expanded
pit,” not currently approved, would provide ore to 2024. Some of the ore resources currently
included in the underground block-cave or underground skarn resources could be mined in the
“Great Leap pit.”
Grand Central Silver Mines announced the discovery of several southwest-trending,
mineralized fault/breccia zones on its Southwest Bingham Canyon property based on extensive
surface and underground sampling. The company reported the discovery of four surface gold
zones and three underground gold zones, but no details have been released to date (March 2004)
as to width, lateral extent, or precious and base metal grades of the zones. Exploration drilling
will be required to verify that the surface and underground zones are connected. The property is
located about 3650 m (12,000 ft) southwest of the bottom of the Bingham pit straddling the
boundary between Tooele and Salt Lake Counties. The location of the property suggests it is
near the outer limit of the lead-zinc zone and within a postulated arsenic-gold zone.

13
 Silver Bell Mine

Unico, Inc. did no exploration work on their Silver Bell polymetallic, vein-manto deposit
in the American Fork district in 2003. The company is currently looking for a joint-venture
partner to help fund exploration and development, particularly to upgrade the estimated
resources for the Silver Bell vein and to explore the property for manto-style mineralization
adjacent to the vein proper. Estimated resources for the vein only, based on strike and dip
projections, are 408,000 mt (450,000 st). Grade of the sulfide ore averages 0.6 g/mt (0.018 oz/st)
gold, 1200 g/mt (35 oz/st) silver, 12.0% zinc, 5.0% lead, and 3.5% copper. Potential tonnage
from associated manto deposits would be significantly larger.

REFERENCES

Cunningham, L.D., 2004, Beryllium: U.S. Geological Survey Mineral Commodity Summary, 2
p.
Magyar, M.J., 2004, Molybdenum: U.S. Geological Survey Mineral Commodity Summary, 2 p.
Rio Tinto, 2004, Rio Tinto 2003 Annual Report and Financial Statements, p. 48.
Tanner, Arnold, 2004, Utah-2002 annual estimate: U.S. Geological Survey Mineral Industry
Survey, 12 p.
Tepordei, V.V., and Bolen, W.P., 2004, Crushed stone and sand and gravel in the fourth quarter
of 2003: U.S. Geological Survey Mineral Industry Survey, 12 p.

14
 Figure 1. Value of Utah’s mineral production from 1999 through 2003.

$1,000
Source: Utah Geological Survey

$800 749
693 690
Value (millions)

626 612
583 565 555
$600 538
500
460 456 480 467
436

$400

240
212
172
$200 153 136

$0
Base Metals Industrial Minerals Coal Precious Metals

1999 2000 2001 2002 2003

15
 Figure 2. Value of Utah’s nonfuel mineral production from 1993 through 2002

S o u rc e : U .S . G e o lo g ic a l S u rv e y
$ 2 ,0 0 0 1 ,8 5 0
1 ,7 4 0
1 ,6 8 0
Value (millions)

1 ,5 2 0
$ 1 ,5 0 0 1 ,4 3 0
1 ,3 4 0 1 ,3 3 0 1 ,3 6 0
1 ,3 1 0
1 ,2 3 0

$ 1 ,0 0 0

$500
1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002
Y e a rs

16
Figure 3. Location of brine processing plants around Great Salt Lake.

17
 Figure 4. Utah’s coal production and value from 1994 through 2003.

30.0 $600
Source: Utah Department of Natural Resources

27.1 26.9 27.0

26.4 26.6 26.5
Production (million st)

25.3 $550
25.1

Value (millions)
25.0 24.4

23.1

$500
501
490
485
20.0 479 480
474
467
460 $450
456

436

15.0 $400
1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003
Production Value Years

18
Figure 5. Major base- and precious-metals exploration areas in Utah during 2003.

19
 2004 Summary of Mineral Activity in Utah
R.L. Bon and Ken Krahulec, Utah Geological Survey

SUMMARY

The value of Utah's mineral production (including coal) in 2004 is estimated to be $2.32
billion, $560 million (32%) higher than the revised value of $1.77 billion for 2003. All major
industry segments gained in value in 2004. Contributions from each of the segments were as
follows: base metals, $1.136 billion (49% of total); industrial minerals, $643 million (28% of
total); coal, $387 million (16% of total); and precious metals, $158 million (7% of total) (figure
1). Compared to 2003, the 2004 values of (1) base metals increased $446 million (65%), (2)
industrial minerals increased $88.7 million (16%), (3) coal increased $3 million (~1%), and (4)
precious metals increased $21.8 million (16%).

Figure 1. Value of Utah’s mineral production from 2000 through 2004.

Nationally, Utah ranked 9th in the value of nonfuel minerals produced in 2003 (latest year
that production figures are available) and accounted for about 3.4% of the total U.S. nonfuel
mineral production value. Utah also ranked 13th in coal production in 2003. The state should
retain similar or achieve higher national rankings in 2004.
The outlook for 2005 is optimistic. The value of mineral production is projected to
increase again in 2005 due to increased production of all base and precious metals, coal, and
most major industrial minerals. Base- and precious-metal prices increased significantly in 2003
and 2004 and should remain near or above their respective 2004 year-end prices during 2005.
Industrial-mineral prices should also remain near their current levels as economic recovery
continues, although a reduction in demand for several commodities is projected. Coal prices
should increase as new coal contracts are negotiated at significantly higher rates.
During 2004, the Utah Division of Oil, Gas and Mining (DOGM) received 13 Large
Mine permit applications (2 ha [5 acres] and larger disturbance) and 18 new Small Mine permit
applications (less than 2 ha [5 acres] disturbance). The 13 Large Mine permit applications

1
include three new mine applications and 10 applications to change from a Small Mine permit to a
Large Mine permit. All of the Small Mine permits are for new operations. Mineral exploration
statewide decreased in 2004 in spite of continued high metal prices. Fourteen Notices of Intent
to explore on public lands were filed with DOGM in 2004, compared to 21 in 2003, 11 in 2002,
and 14 in 2001.
The continued rebound in metal prices from the low point in 2002 has significantly
increased activity in the metals mining sector. This activity started slowly, but in the last half of
2004, several developments were initiated that will both add to and prolong the longevity of
Utah’s metal mining sector. Two of the more important developments were the beginning of
construction of Constellation Copper Company’s Lisbon Valley copper mine and Kennecott
Copper Company’s announcement of a $170 million expansion at the Bingham Canyon mine
(Cu-Mo-Au-Ag) that added 147.7 million metric tons (mt) (162.9 million short tons [st]) of
better-than-average grade Cu-Mo ore to the existing reserve.

OUTLOOK

The value of mineral production in Utah is expected to increase modestly in 2005.

Operator surveys indicate that base- and precious-metal, industrial-mineral, and coal values will
all be higher. Base- and precious-metal production is forecast to increase as is coal. Industrial-
mineral production is expected to be flat to slightly higher as many operators are operating at or
near capacity. The opening of the Lisbon Valley base-metal mine in 2005 will add incrementally
to the state’s base-metal values. Precious-metal production will be slightly higher in 2005 due to
increased production from Kennecott’s Bingham Canyon mine, but will be partially offset by
lower gold production from the company’s Barneys Canyon mine. Industrial-mineral values will
also increase because of continued higher demand for sand and gravel, crushed stone, cement,
salt and brine-related products, and lime products. Coal prices are expected to increase as new
contracts replace existing contracts at significantly higher rates. The recent upturn in metal
prices should increase exploration for these metals over the next few years.

MINE PERMIT SUMMARY

During 2004, DOGM received 13 Large Mine permit applications (2 ha [5 acres] and
larger disturbance) and 18 new Small Mine permit applications (less than 2 ha [5 acres]
disturbance). Nine of the Large Mine permit applications were for industrial minerals; three
were for gems, geodes, fossils, or other, and one was for precious metals. Ten of the Large Mine
permit applications were made to change from a Small Mine permit to a Large Mine permit, and
three applications were for new mines. The 18 Small Mine permit applications include 14
industrial mineral; three gems, geodes, fossils, and other; and one precious-metal operations.
The number of Large Mine permit applications was more than three times higher than in 2003
while the number of Small Mine permit applications was about the same.
Mine production reports for 2004 are still being filed with DOGM. In 2003, DOGM
recorded production from 80 Large Mines (excluding sand and gravel), one fewer than in 2002.
The Large Mines include four base-metal mines, three precious-metal mines, 13 coal mines, and
60 industrial-mineral mines (including gems, geodes, fossils, and other). The number of Large

2
Mines reporting production has been relatively consistent over the past five years. Eighty Small
Mines reported production in 2003, 14 fewer than in 2002. These Small Mines included six
precious-metal; one base-metal; 55 industrial-mineral; and 18 gems, geodes, fossils, and other
operations.

NATIONAL RANKINGS

The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) ranked Utah 9th in the nation in the value of nonfuel
mineral production in 2003 (latest year that production figures are available), compared to 11th in
2002. USGS data show that Utah accounted for 3.4% of the total U.S. nonfuel mineral
production value in 2003. The 2003 data also show that Utah remained the only state that
produced beryllium concentrates and magnesium metal. Additionally, Utah was second in the
production of copper, magnesium compounds, and potash; third in gold and molybdenum
concentrates; fourth in phosphate rock and silver; and sixth in salt. The state rose from fourth to
third in perlite, and was a significant producer of common clays, construction sand and gravel,
gemstones, lime, and Portland cement (Tanner, 2005). USGS data show that between 1994 and
2003 the value of nonfuel mineral production in Utah ranged from a low of $1.24 billion in 2002
to a high of $1.85 billion in 1995 (figure 2). The USGS’s preliminary estimate of the value of
nonfuel mineral production for 2003 is $1.26 billion, about $20 million (less than 2%) higher
than in 2002. The Utah Geological Survey's (UGS) estimate for the value of nonfuel mineral
production for 2003 is $1.38 billion, and $1.94 billion for 2004.

Figure 2. Value of Utah’s nonfuel mineral production from 1994 through 2003.

BASE- AND PRECIOUS-METAL PRODUCTION

Base-metal production, with an estimated value of $1.136 billion, was the largest
contributor to the value of minerals produced in 2004, an all-time high (figure 1). In descending
order of value, those metals were copper, molybdenum, magnesium metal, and beryllium. The

3
2004 base-metal values were about $446 million (65%) more than 2003. Precious-metal
production, valued at $158 million, included gold (85% of total value) and silver (15% of total
value). Precious-metal values in 2004 were $21.8 million (16%) more than in 2003.
Kennecott Utah Copper Corporation’s Bingham Canyon mine, located about 32 km (20
mi) southwest of Salt Lake City in Salt Lake County, is the state’s sole producer of copper and
molybdenum, and the major producer of gold and silver. The combined value of minerals
produced from the Bingham Canyon mine in 2004 was nearly one-half of the total value of all
minerals produced statewide.

Copper

Copper is the largest contributor to the value of nonfuel minerals in Utah. Substantial
price increases in 2003 and 2004 raised the value of copper to near an all-time high, and the
value of base-metal production statewide to over $1 billion for only the second time. From 1995
through 2002, the price of copper fell significantly from $3.04/kg ($1.38/lb) in 1995 to $1.67/kg
($0.76/lb) in 2002. Copper prices rebounded in 2003 and 2004, closing the year 2004 at over
$3.30/kg ($1.50/lb) and averaging $3.00/kg ($1.36/lb). Copper production from Kennecott's
Bingham Canyon mine decreased slightly in 2004 to approximately 264,000 metric tons (mt)
(291,000 short tons [st]) from 2003 production of approximately 282,000 mt (311,000 st) of
copper metal. Kennecott also reports that the Bingham Canyon mine produces more than 10% of
the annual refined copper requirements in the U.S. (Rio Tinto, 2005).

Molybdenum

The sole molybdenum producer in Utah is Kennecott's Bingham Canyon mine, which
produced about 6,800 mt (7,500 st) of by-product molybdenum in 2004, about 12% less than in
2003. The Bingham Canyon mine was one of only seven molybdenum-producing mines in the
U.S. in 2004. The USGS reports that in the U.S., mine output of molybdenum increased 19% in
2004 (Magyar, 2005).

Magnesium Metal

Magnesium metal was the third-largest contributor to the value of base metals in 2004.
Magnesium metal is produced from Great Salt Lake brines by US Magnesium, LLC (formerly
Magnesium Corporation of America [Magcorp]) at its electrolytic plant at Rowley in Tooele
County (see figure 3). The plant’s annual capacity is 43,000 mt (47,000 st) of magnesium metal
(99.8% purity). It is the only active primary magnesium processing facility in the U.S.
Magnesium production was about the same as in 2003. In September, the company announced
that it would increase annual plant capacity to 51,000 mt (57,000 st) through the addition of a
third line of electrolytic cells (Platts Metals Week, 2004). The line will begin production in June
2005 and will be at full capacity in 2006. Magnesium metal prices reached a 12-year low in
2003, but have improved substantially over the past year.

4
 Figure 3. Location of brine processing plants around Great Salt Lake.

Beryllium

Utah continues to be the nation's sole producer of beryllium concentrates. Beryllium ore
(bertrandite) is mined at Brush Resource’s Topaz and Hogs Back mines in Juab County and
processed along with imported beryl at the company's plant a few miles north of Delta in Millard
County. The product (beryllium hydroxide) is then sent to the company-owned refinery and
finishing plant in Ohio, where it is converted into beryllium metal, alloys, and oxide. In 2004,
about 14,500 mt (16,000 st) of ore was mined and trucked to the processing plant. The mine
produced substantially less ore than in previous years due to increased processing of stockpiled
ore. The use of beryllium in electronic and electrical components, and aerospace and defense
applications accounted for an estimated 80% of total consumption. Sales of alloy products
increased during the first half of 2004 (Cunningham, 2005).

Gold and Silver

Gold production in 2004 is estimated to be about 9,950 kg (320,000 Troy ounces [oz]), a
6% increase from the 9,300 kg (300,000 oz) produced in 2003. Gold is produced from two
surface mines owned by Kennecott Corporation: one primary producer (Barneys Canyon mine)

5
and one by-product operation (Bingham Canyon mine), both located in Salt Lake County.
Several other small mines in the state are known to produce minor amounts of gold and silver,
but metal-specific production is not reported, and not included in the above totals. The Barneys
Canyon mine exhausted its economic ore reserves in late 2001 and ceased mining, but will
continue to produce gold from its heap-leach pads at a much reduced rate into 2006, when those
pads will be depleted. The Bingham Canyon mine produced slightly more gold in 2004 than in
2003.
Silver is also a by-product metal from the Bingham Canyon mine. Silver production is
estimated to be approximately 0.109 million kg (3.58 million oz) in 2004, about the same as in
2003.

INDUSTRIAL-MINERALS PRODUCTION

Industrial-minerals production, with an estimated value of $643 million, was the second-
largest contributor to the value of minerals produced in 2004 (figure 1), an all-time high. The
value of industrial minerals has grown substantially over the past five years, increasing from
$500 million in 2000 to $643 million this past year, a 29% increase. Those commodities or
commodity groups that have realized the majority of these gains include sand and gravel and
crushed stone; Portland cement and lime; and salines, including salt, magnesium chloride, potash
(potassium chloride), and sulfate of potash (SOP). These commodities account for about 90% of
the total value of the industrial minerals segment. Other important commodities produced in
Utah, in descending order of value, include phosphate, gilsonite, expanded shale, common clay,
bentonite, and gypsum.

Sand and Gravel and Crushed Stone

Sand and gravel, and crushed stone (including limestone and dolomite) were the highest
contributors to the value of industrial minerals produced in Utah during 2004 (up from third-
highest in 2003), with an estimated value of $201 million, about $61 million (44%) more than in
2003. These materials are produced in nearly every county in Utah by commercial operators,
and by federal, state, and county agencies. Due to the large number of operations (approximately
122 active sand and gravel pits and 20 stone quarries), the UGS did not send production
questionnaires to this group. However, production data are compiled by the USGS. Based on
third quarter USGS 2004 production data (Tepordei and Bolen, 2004), the UGS estimates that
2004 production will be 33.2 million mt (36.5 million st) of sand and gravel with a value of $154
million, and 9.5 million mt (10.5 million st) of crushed stone with a value of $47 million.
Crushed stone production includes raw material for both lime and cement plants. This is a 27%
increase in sand and gravel production and a 24% increase in the production of crushed stone
compared to 2003.

Portland Cement and Lime

Portland cement and lime were the second-highest contributors (down from first in 2003)
to the value of industrial minerals produced in 2004, with a combined value of $180 million,
about $13 million (8%) more than in 2003. Two operators produce Portland cement in Utah:

6
Holcim, Inc. (formerly Holnam, Inc.) and Ash Grove Cement Company. Holcim's Devils Slide
mine and plant are east of Morgan in Morgan County, and Ash Grove's Leamington mine and
plant are east of Lynndyl in Juab County. The companies have a combined capacity of more
than 1.4 million mt (1.5 million st) of cement annually. Both plants operated at or above
capacity in 2004, with total production of nearly 1.5 million mt (1.7 million st). In addition to
limestone, both Holcim and Ash Grove Cement mine modest amounts of shale and sandstone
that are used in the manufacture of cement.
Lime production was about 12% higher in 2004 than in 2003, with an estimated
production of about 660,000 mt (730,000 st). There are two suppliers of lime in Utah, with a
combined capacity of more than 0.9 million mt (1.0 million st) per year: Graymont Western U.S.,
Inc. (formerly Continental Lime Company), which produces dolomitic quick lime and high-
calcium quick lime; and Chemical Lime of Arizona, Inc., which produces dolomitic quick lime
and hydrated dolomitic lime. Both operations serve markets in Utah and surrounding states.
Graymont Western's plant is in the Cricket Mountains, approximately 56 km (35 mi) southwest
of Delta in Millard County, and is one of the 10 largest lime plants in the United States.
Chemical Lime of Arizona's plant is about 13 km (8 mi) northwest of Grantsville in Tooele
County. An additional 13 to 15 operators quarried about 2.0 million mt (2.2 million st) of
limestone and dolomite in 2004, which was used mainly for construction as well as flue-gas
desulfurization in coal-fired power plants. A small amount of limestone and dolomite is also
crushed to a fine powder and marketed as “rock dust” to the coal mining industry

Salt, Magnesium Chloride, Potash (Potassium Chloride),

and Sulfate of Potash

Brine-derived products, including salt, were the third-highest contributors (down from
second-highest in 2003) to the value of industrial-mineral production in Utah during 2004, with a
combined value of $179 million, about $24 million (15%) more than in 2003. In addition to salt,
brine-derived products include magnesium chloride and potash (potassium chloride and SOP).
One company (North Shore Limited Partnership) produces a small amount of concentrated brine
that is used as an ingredient in mineral food supplements. The location of operators around
Great Salt Lake is shown in figure 3. The statewide production of salt and other brine-derived
products, excluding magnesium metal, is estimated to be 3.44 million mt (3.78 million st) in
2004, about the same as in 2003. Potash production (including SOP) is estimated to be about
450,000 mt (495,000 st) in 2004, approximately 86,000 mt (95,000 st) more than in 2003.
Salt production alone is estimated to be 2.69 million mt (2.97 million st) in 2004, about
200,000 mt (220,000 st) more than in 2003, with most of the production coming from three
operators processing brine from Great Salt Lake. The three largest operators are, in descending
order of production: (1) Great Salt Lake Minerals Corporation, (2) Cargill Salt Company, and (3)
Morton International. In addition, three other companies produce salt and/or potash from
operations not located on Great Salt Lake: (1) Reilly Chemical Company at Wendover in Tooele
County (salt and potash), (2) Moab Salt, LLC near Moab in Grand County (salt and potash), and
(3) Redmond Minerals, Inc. near Redmond in Sanpete County (rock salt).

7
 Phosphate

Simplot Phosphates LLC (formerly SF Phosphates, Ltd) is Utah's only phosphate

producer. The company’s phosphate operation is 18 km (11 mi) north of Vernal in Uintah
County. The mine produces roughly 2.7 to 3.6 million mt (3-4 million st) of ore annually, which
is processed into 0.9 to 1.8 million mt (1-2 million st) of phosphate concentrate. The concentrate
is transported in slurry form to the company's Rock Springs, Wyoming fertilizer plant via a 144-
km- (90-mi-) long underground pipeline. During 2004, the mine produced about 3.5 million mt
(3.9 million st) of ore, about 5% more than in 2003.

Gilsonite

Gilsonite production for 2004 is estimated to be about 63,600 mt (70,000 st), about
11,800 mt (13,000 st) more than in 2003. Gilsonite is an unusual solid hydrocarbon that has
been mined in Utah for more than 100 years. All of the gilsonite mines are located in
southeastern Uintah County. The three companies that produce gilsonite, in descending order of
production, are (1) American Gilsonite Company, (2) Zeigler Chemical and Minerals Company,
and (3) Lexco, Inc. Gilsonite is marketed worldwide for use in over 150 products ranging from
printing inks to explosives. Gilsonite production has been increasing modestly over the past
several years.

Expanded Shale and Perlite

Two companies, Utelite, Inc., and Basin Perlite Company, produce lightweight
“expanded” products from shale and perlite for use primarily in the construction and building
industries. Combined production was about 290,000 mt (320,000 st) in 2004. Utelite
manufactures “expanded shale” for use as a lightweight aggregate. Utelite’s mine is east of the
town of Wanship in Summit County. Basin Perlite manufactures “expanded perlite” that is used
mainly in building construction products. The perlite mine is located north and west of the town
of Milford in Beaver County.

Common Clay and Bentonite

Nearly 282,000 mt (310,000 st) of common clay and approximately 100,000 mt (110,000
st) of bentonite were produced by eight companies in 2004, a 45% increase in common clay and
a 64% increase in bentonite compared to 2003. Statewide, there were 27 mine permits held by
clay operators in 2004. Many of these mines operate intermittently. In descending order of
production, the three largest producers of common clay in 2004 were (1) Interstate Brick
Company, (2) Interpace Industries, and (3) Ash Grove Cement Company. Two companies
(Western Clay Company and Redmond Minerals, Inc.) produce bentonite from pits located in
central Utah. More than 75% of all common clay is used in the manufacture of brick. Bentonite
is used as a sealant in many civil engineering applications, as a pet-waste absorbent (litter-box
filler), as an additive in oil and gas drilling fluids, and as a binder in foundry molds. ECDC
Environmental, LLC intermittently produces clay for use at their waste disposal facility near the
town of East Carbon in Carbon County. Sufficient stockpiled material will preclude any
additional clay mining by ECDC in the foreseeable future.

8
 Gypsum

Six companies produced about 380,000 mt (420,000 st) of gypsum in 2004, nearly 32,000
mt (35,000 st) more than in 2003. In descending order of production, the three largest producers
were (1) U.S. Gypsum Company, (2) H.E. Davis and Sons, and (3) Nephi Gypsum, Inc. U.S.
Gypsum operates the only active wallboard plant in Utah. The plant is located near the town of
Sigurd in Sevier County. The Georgia Pacific plant, also near Sigurd, closed in 2002 and the
company’s mines in Utah operate only intermittently. Georgia Pacific shifted wallboard
manufacturing to the company’s Las Vegas, Nevada facility.
Most gypsum produced in Utah is used for making wallboard, but several operators
supply raw gypsum to regional cement companies where it is used as an additive to retard the
setting time of cement, and to the agricultural industry for use as a soil conditioner.

ENERGY MINERALS PRODUCTION

Coal

Utah’s coal operators produced 19.7 million mt (21.7 million st) of coal valued at $387
million from 13 underground mines in 2004 (figures 1 and 4). This production was
approximately 1.3 million mt (1.4 million st), or 6.5%, less than in 2003. All of the mines and
facilities are located in east-central Utah. Utah’s synfuel plant, DTE Utah Synfuels, LLC, is the
only synfuel facility west of the Mississippi River. The synfuel plant is located at the Castle
Valley railroad spur near the town of Wellington. The plant operated on a limited basis in 2004,
but is scheduled to operate on a full-time basis for at least the next two years using low-Btu,
high-ash coal purchased from several local coal operators.

Figure 4. Utah’s coal production and value from 1995 through 2004.

9
 The largest coal producer was the SUFCO mine, operated by Canyon Fuel Company,
LLC, which produced a near-record high of 6.87 million mt (7.57 million st) of raw coal. In
addition, the following three mines each produced in excess of 1.8 million mt (2.0 million st) of
coal: (1) Deer Creek, operated by Energy West Mining Company (Pacificorp, Inc.) (Emery
County); (2) Dugout, operated by Canyon Fuel Company, LLC (Carbon County) and (3) West
Ridge, operated by West Ridge Resources (Carbon County).
The Horizon mine, owned by Hidden Splendor Resources, produced a small amount of
coal before being idled in late January 2002. The mine was re-opened in 2003 and produced
without disruption in 2004. Consolidation Coal Company’s Emery mine, which was idled in late
2003, restarted in the fall of 2004. One potentially new mine (UtahAmerican Energy Company’s
Lila Canyon mine) is in the final stages of permitting and could begin producing within a year or
so, depending on successful marketing. The Skyline #3 mine, owned by Canyon Fuel Company,
closed in May 2004 because of significantly increased water handling costs and related
operational expenses. The mine is scheduled to re-open in the first quarter of 2005. The surge in
oil and gas prices that began in the fall of 2003 has had a positive effect on coal prices and
production is anticipated to increase each year for the next several years.
Over half of Utah’s coal was consumed in-state by three electric utilities in 2004. Coal
was also used for industrial purposes within the state and shipped to electric utilities and
industrial users in other states. The export market to Pacific Rim countries, which had accounted
for up to 5.0 million mt (5.5 million st) of production in 1996, dwindled to less than 0.45 million
mt (0.5 million st) in 2002, and to none in 2003 and 2004, mainly due to foreign competition.
No overseas coal exports are anticipated in the next several years.

Uranium

Escalating uranium prices rejuvenated exploration in the historic mining areas of the
Colorado Plateau. In Utah, this work has primarily focused on areas of previously delineated but
unmined resources, particularly in Emery, Garfield, Grand, and San Juan Counties. These areas
have seen renewed claim staking and leasing of state-owned land.
Although uranium prices have increased significantly since July 2003 (rising from
$34.16/kg [$15.50/lb] at the end of 2003 to $45.62/kg [$20.70/lb] at the end of 2004), no
uranium ore was mined in Utah in 2004. U.S. Energy Company’s Shootaring Canyon mill
(Garfield County) remained idle the entire year while International Uranium Corporation’s
White Mesa mill (San Juan County) processed an “alternate feed.” Eleven uranium/vanadium
mines are listed as inactive statewide. Several uranium mines have re-opened in Colorado and at
least one mine owner is contemplating re-opening one or more mines in Utah within the next
year.

EXPLORATION AND DEVELOPMENT ACTIVITY

Exploration in Utah began to turn around in the last half of 2004, lagging somewhat
behind increasing metal prices (in U.S. dollars), and continued to improve into early 2005. More
than 2900 claims were staked in Utah during the 2004 calendar year. Land acquisition for
mineral exploration was particularly active in Iron (Fe and Au), San Juan (U and Cu), Beaver
(Cu-Au), Washington (Au), Tooele (Au-Cu), and Emery (U) Counties.

10
 DOGM received 14 new notices of intent (NOIs) for exploration, of which nine were
approved. Of the 14 NOI applications, eight were for precious metals, four for industrial
minerals, and two for base metals. The main metal exploration/development areas are discussed
below and shown on figure 5. The Dragon halloysite property is included in this discussion
because it is in a metal-mining district and owes its existence to hydrothermal alteration.

Figure 5. Major base- and precious-metals exploration areas in Utah

during 2004.
Lisbon Valley

The Lisbon Valley mining district in southeastern Utah was one of the most active
exploration areas in the state in 2004. Companies actively acquired land in the district for both
uranium and copper, and pursued copper exploration and (or) development. Constellation
Copper Company’s Lisbon Valley project is the most advanced in the district.

11
 Regionally, the Lisbon Valley copper project lies in the Pennsylvanian-Permian Paradox
basin and is underlain by over 500 m (1640 ft) of salt in the Paradox Formation. Geologically,
the Lisbon Valley area is dominated by a northwest-trending, doubly plunging anticline that is
faulted along its northeast flank. This is a northwest-trending normal fault with roughly 300 m
(1000 ft) of down-to-the-northeast throw. The Lisbon Valley mine area lies along the fault near
the southeast end of the anticline. The Lisbon Valley district has copper-dominant ores to the
northeast and uranium-dominant ores to the southwest. The typical copper ore body is hosted in
bleached sandstone beds in the hanging wall of the fault. The copper-bearing minerals are
malachite, azurite, and tenorite in the upper oxide zone, and chalcocite, bornite, chalcopyrite,
cuprite, and bornite in the sulfide zone at depth.
Constellation is constructing an open-pit, heap-leach, solvent extraction-electrowinning
(SX-EW) operation. Copper production should begin in September 2005, with full production
by the end of the year. The three currently planned open pits are each typically 30 to 46 m (100-
150 ft) deep with roughly a 0.1% copper cutoff grade. The Utah portion of the Lisbon Valley
copper project has a seven-year mine life based on a reserve of 33.3 million mt (36.7 million st)
averaging 0.51% copper. Capital costs are projected to be $55 million with an annual cost of
$18 million in goods and services, $10 million in taxes, and $9 million in wages to the staff of
146. The projected cash costs are $1.10/kg ($0.50/lb) of copper with a total cost, including
overhead, of $1.65/kg ($0.75/lb). The product will be 99.99% pure cathode copper. The Lisbon
Valley project is targeted to produce 25,000 mt (54 million lbs) of copper per year (Washnock,
2005; Parkison and Thorson, 2005).
Initially, the mine will produce about 16,300 mt/day (18,000 st/day) of ore with a 2.25:1
stripping ratio. At full capacity, the mining rate will be 54,500 mt/day (60,000 st/day) of ore.
The used processing plant was purchased and moved from the Hall porphyry, Mo-Cu mine near
Tonopah, Nevada. In 2004, all of the facilities were relocated to a lay-down yard at Lisbon
Valley. The general flow path from the mine is to the primary and secondary crusher, then to
agglomerating with sulfuric acid to jump-start the leaching, and then to stackers to create the
heap-leach pad. The pregnant liquor from the leach pad will then be pumped to the SX-EW
facility for processing. The leach pads will be triple-lined and the acid will come from the
Kennecott smelter near Salt Lake City. Tests show that the oxide ores are expected to leach in
about 30 days, mixed ores (oxide-sulfide) in roughly 120 days, and sulfide ores in more than 150
days (Washnock, 2005; Parkison and Thorson, 2005).
Constellation has obtained all of the required permits from the state. The company also
closed on a $33 million financing package and made an initial deposit on four new Komatsu
730E haul trucks (186-mt [205-st] capacity), and one new Komatsu WA1200 wheel loader (34.3-
cubic m [26.2-cubic yard] bucket capacity). Constellation commenced construction of the
foundations for the crushing and SX-EW processing facilities in November 2004. Exploration is
continuing for additional copper reserves, both in the mine area and along trend.

Bingham District

Drilling at Kennecott’s Bingham Canyon mine in 2004 focused on work designed to

extend the mine life beyond about 2013. The thrust of this program was geotechnical drilling,
infill resource-definition drilling in the pit, and mine dewatering. The geotechnical program was
implemented by:
• Geological mapping and modeling for better geotechnical and operations support,

12
 • Oriented core drilling for geotechnical planning efforts,
• Core drilling to collect strength data for pit slope stability analyses,
• Inclinometer drilling and construction for pit slope monitoring,
• Piezometer, water well, and horizontal drain drilling to monitor dewatering performance
and assist with pit slope depressurization.

The economic and engineering study for a $170 million pit expansion to the northeast
was approved in February 2005. In addition to the pit expansion, Kennecott will purchase new
equipment and build facilities, relocating some facilities, and expand operations at the Copperton
concentrator. The new pit design added 147.7 million mt (162.9 million st) of better-than-
average grade Cu-Mo ore which will extend mine life until 2017, and does not preclude future
underground mining. Other mine options currently being considered are additional open-pit
expansion, underground block caving, underground skarn mining, or any combination of the
above. The targeting of deep porphyry and skarn mineralization is planned for 2005 (Rio Tinto,
2005).

Tintic District

Atlas Mining Company is currently reopening the old Dragon halloysite mine in the
southern portion of the Tintic mining district. Halloysite is an unusual, bright-white,
microtubular, high-value clay used in specific ceramic, paint, and other potential applications
based on its distinctive structure. The Dragon deposit is a selective hydrothermal replacement of
portions of the Cambrian Ajax Limestone adjacent to a small monzonite porphyry plug. Atlas
has driven a 91-m- (300-ft-) long, 15 degree decline into the halloysite deposit where they have
drifted about 18 m (60 ft) using a small road header, installed a chain crusher (100% to -325
mesh), built an air classifier, and began test mining in late 2004. Atlas anticipates a mining rate
of 900 to 1800 mt/month (1000-2000 st/month), based on market demand (William Jacobson,
Atlas Mining Company, verbal communication, 2005).

Milford Area

In late 2003, Palladon Ventures Ltd. (Palladon) optioned a 65% interest in Western Utah
Copper Company’s (WUCC) Milford area properties in the Rocky, Beaver Lake, San Francisco,
and Blue Mountain areas in Beaver County. Palladon initiated an aggressive exploration
program of drilling and geophysical surveys in 2004. In total, the company drilled 73 holes
totaling more than 10 km (33,045 ft) on its 24,000 ha (60,000 acre) property. Drilling at the
Maria open pit (three holes), Hidden Treasure mine (three holes), and Sunrise ore body (seven
holes) confirmed previous mining grades. The best of these step-out holes is PMA-2 at Maria
which cut 46 m (150 ft) of mineralization averaging 1.86% Cu with minor Au-Ag-Mo-W
mineralization, and PSU-2 at Sunrise which intersected 53 m (175 ft) of mineralization running
1.81% Cu. Weak supergene chalcocite mineralization was intersected by drilling southwest of
the OK mine (18 holes). Seven holes testing the Comet breccia pipe cut narrow intervals of Au-
Cu mineralization (Dave Hartshorn, consultant, written communication, 2005).
The Palladon/WUCC Joint Venture completed Phase 1 of a two-phase program of
detailed induced polarization (IP) and ground magnetic surveying. Phase 1 covered areas
hosting known mineral resources to help define the geophysical expression of mineralization and

13
look for potential extensions of the currently defined resources. The geophysical program
showed that significant IP chargeability, resistivity, and magnetic anomalies are associated with
the known mineralization and provided some potential drill targets at depth. Phase 2 of the
program, estimated to begin in early February 2005, will cover potential copper porphyry areas
(Palladon Ventures Ltd., 2005).

Iron Springs-Pinto District

Palladon (65% joint-venture ownership) and WUCC (35% joint-venture ownership) have
entered into an agreement with Iron Ore Mines LLC to purchase its iron properties in the Iron
Springs-Pinto mining district in southwestern Utah for $10 million. Iron Ore Mines’ property
contains two iron deposits, the Comstock/Mountain Lion and the Rex. The Iron Springs-Pinto
district has been one of the most productive iron ore districts in the western U.S. The bulk of the
district’s production occurred between 1923 and 1995, with its most productive period between
1947 and 1965 while being operated by U.S. Steel.
The Iron Ore Mines’ property contains approximately 2000 ha (4940 acres) of patented
mining claims and other fee lands and an additional 400 ha (990 acres) of unpatented mining
claims. The measured reserve remaining in the Comstock/Mountain Lion pits is 25 million mt
(27.6 million st) of ore averaging 47.1% Fe with a 0.3:1 stripping ratio. The Rex deposit, which
has never been mined, contains a measured reserve of 80.9 million mt (89.2 million st) of ore
averaging 39% iron, and could be amenable to open-pit mining. Near the Comstock/Mountain
Lion deposit are several low-grade stockpiles estimated to contain a total of 12.5 million mt
(13.8 million st) of ore averaging 42% iron. Palladon and WUCC are proposing to reopen the
mine and construct an on-site smelter with a capital cost of $1.1 billion (Wray, 2005).

Deer Trail Mine

Unico, Inc. continued exploration to delineate Zn-Ag-Cu-Pb-Au resources in the Upper

Deer Trail mine and the PTH Tunnel workings in the Marysvale district. Initial work consisted
of surface, rock-chip sampling and underground confirmation sampling of old mine assays. A
preliminary round of 28 reverse-circulation holes testing the Upper Deer Trail mine served to
focus further work to the north and above the existing workings. Phase two drilling is designed
to test known mineralized horizons in the PTH Tunnel area for new mineralization at depth. In
addition to exploration work, significant improvements and additions were made to the mine’s
surface infrastructure (W.D. Proctor, Unico, Inc., written communication, 2005).

Gold Hill-Clifton District

Dumont Nickel, Inc. has been exploring in the old Gold Hill (Clifton) mining district in
western Tooele County for the past two years. Dumont is focusing on bulk-minable gold and
gold-copper targets, and has assembled an 87-square-km (33 mi2) property position. The
mineralization in the district is spatially related to a Jurassic, granodiorite pluton, which intrudes
middle to upper Paleozoic carbonate and clastic sedimentary rocks. Production from the Gold
Hill district includes Au, Ag, Cu, Pb, and Zn along with lesser amounts of W, As, Bi, and minor
amounts of Sb, V, Sn, and Mo.

14
 To date, Dumont’s work has defined five project areas: (1) Kiewit (Au), (2) Cane
Springs (Au), (3) IBA (Cu-Ag-Au), (4) Clifton Shears (Au-Ag-Pb-Zn), and (5) jasperoid silica-
breccia (Au). Work in 2003 and 2004 included drilling 16 core holes totaling 2260 m (7413 ft),
collecting 5200 soil samples over a 54-square-km (20 mi2) area, and taking 2500 rock samples
over a 24-square-km (9 mi2) area. The most successful exploration work in 2004 occurred in the
Kiewit area where the historic Kiewit Gold Zone of quartz stockwork was delineated in the
granodiorite. This zone was tested by five holes totaling 465 m (1527 ft) of drilling. Two drill
sites were chosen 60 m (197 ft) apart, and a fan of three holes was drilled from one site and two
from the other. Each of the five holes cut from 6.6- to 43.7-m (21.6-143 ft) intervals of 1.0 g/mt
(0.03 oz/st) Au or greater at shallow depths. Additional definition drilling is planned for 2005
(Dumont Nickel, Inc., 2005).

REFERENCES

Cunningham, L.D., 2005, Beryllium: U.S. Geological Survey Mineral Commodity Summary, 2
p.

Dumont Nickel, Inc., 2005, Utah gold prospects advance to stage-2 drilling: Dumont Nickel, Inc.
Press release, November 9, 2004. Accessed on company web site
http://www.dumontnickel.com/, March 24, 2005.

Magyar, M.J., 2005, Molybdenum: U.S. Geological Survey Mineral Commodity Summary, 2 p.

Palladon Ventures Ltd., 2005, Palladon Ventures Ltd. announces agreement to purchase Utah
iron ore property: Palladon Ventures Ltd. press release, January 27, 2005. Accessed on
company web site http://www.palladonmining.com/, March 24, 2005.

Parkison, Gary A., and Thorson, Jon, 2005, Geology and mineralization of the Lisbon Valley
copper deposits, Utah: Society of Mining Engineers Annual Meeting and Exhibit, Salt
Lake City, Utah, March 1, 2005, oral presentation.

Platts Metals Week, 2004, US Magnesium starts expansion; first metal June 2005: Platts Metals
Week, v. 75, no. 39, September 27, p. 1, 14.

Rio Tinto, 2005, Rio Tinto 2004 annual report and financial statements, p. 14-15.

Tanner, Arnold, 2005, The mineral industry of Utah: U.S. Geological Survey Mineral Industry
Survey, 13 p.

Tepordei, V.V., and Bolen, W.P., 2004, Crushed stone and sand and gravel in the third quarter of
2004: U.S. Geological Survey Mineral Industry Survey, 8 p.

Washnock, Robert V., 2005, Lisbon Valley copper project, San Juan County, Utah: Society of
Mining Engineers monthly meeting, Salt Lake City, Utah, February 17, 2005, oral
presentation.

15
Wray, William B., 2005, Geology, mineral reserves and development potential of the iron
properties of Palladon Ventures Ltd. and Western Utah Copper Company (currently the
property of Iron Ore Mines LLC, subject to the purchase contract), Iron Springs district,
Iron County, Utah, U.S.A., Technical Report: Online,
<http://www.palladonventures.com/i/pdf/ironsprings-techreport-jan2005.pdf>, accessed
March 17, 2005, 67 p.

16
 2005 Summary of Mineral Activity in Utah
R.L. Bon and K.A. Krahulec, Utah Geological Survey

SUMMARY

The value of Utah's mineral production (including coal) in 2005 is estimated to be a

record $3.58 billion, $1.26 billion (54%) higher than the revised value of $2.32 billion for 2004.
All major industry segments gained in value in 2005. Contributions from each of the segments
were as follows: base metals, $2.13 billion (60% of total); industrial minerals, $758 million (21%
of total); coal, $468 million (13% of total); and precious metals, $229 million (6% of total)
(figure 1; table 1). Compared to 2004, the 2005 values of (1) base metals increased $990 million
(87%), (2) industrial minerals increased $115 million (18%), (3) coal increased $80.7 million
(21%), and (4) precious metals increased $70.8 million (45%). Over the 10-year period from
1996 through 2005, the estimated value of Utah’s mineral industry has ranged from a low of
$1.76 billion to the current record high of $3.58 billion (table 1).

2,125
Source: Utah Geological Survey
$2,000
Value (millions)

$1,500
1,136

$1,000
758
693 690 643
612
538 565 555 480 467 468
$500 384 386
240
172 136 158 229

$0
Base Metals Industrial Minerals Coal Precious Metals
Industry Segment
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005

Figure 1. Value of Utah's mineral production from 2001 through 2005.

Preliminary estimates from the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) rank Utah 4th nationally
in the value of nonfuel minerals produced in 2005, and Utah accounted for about 5.6% of the
total U.S. nonfuel mineral production value (Tanner, 2006). Based on Energy Information
Administration data, Utah ranked 15th in coal production in 2005 (Energy Information
Administration, 2006).
The outlook for 2006 is cautiously optimistic. The value of mineral production is
projected to increase slightly in 2006 due to increased production of most base and precious
metals, coal, and most major industrial minerals. Most base- and precious-metal prices increased

1
significantly in 2003, 2004, and 2005 and should remain near or above their respective 2005
averages during 2006, except for molybdenum, which is expected to fall. Industrial-mineral
prices should also remain near their current levels as Utah’s economic recovery continues,
although a reduction in demand for several commodities is projected. Coal prices and
production should increase as new coal contracts are being negotiated at significantly higher
prices.
Increasing metal prices have lead to substantially increased mineral exploration and
development in Utah. In addition to the important expansion of ore reserves at Bingham (Cu-
Mo-Au) and the initiation of mining at Lisbon Valley (Cu), advanced stage exploration and
development are occurring in the Iron Springs (Fe) and Rocky Range-Beaver Lake (Cu-Au)
mining districts.
During 2005, the Utah Division of Oil, Gas and Mining (DOGM) received 10 Large
Mine permit applications (2 ha [5 acres] and larger disturbance) and 37 new Small Mine permit
applications (less than 2 ha [5 acres] disturbance). The 10 Large Mine permit applications
include two new mine applications and eight applications to change from a Small Mine permit to
a Large Mine permit. All of the Small Mine permits are for new operations. Mineral exploration
statewide significantly increased in 2005. Twenty-seven Notices of Intent (NOI) to explore on
public lands were filed with DOGM in 2005, compared to 14 in 2004, 23 in 2003, and 11 in
2002. The number of new federal unpatented mining claims recorded in Utah reached a 14-year
high.
Utah was again rated as one of the best states for mining development as reported in the
2004/2005 Fraser Institute survey of mining companies. The Fraser survey includes 14 U.S.
states, 12 Canadian provinces and territories, and 37 other countries. According to the Fraser
Institute, Utah has the best taxation regime (tie) and is fourth in terms of favorable overall
governmental policies.

OUTLOOK

The overall value of mineral production in Utah is expected to remain nearly the same in
2006 as it was in 2005, as projected base- and precious-metal production increases may be offset
by lower prices for select base metals, especially molybdenum, whose remarkable price run-up
to $14.89/kg ($32.76/pound) in 2005 is unlikely to be repeated in 2006. Industrial-mineral
production is expected to be flat to slightly higher as many operators are operating at or near
capacity. Overall, industrial mineral prices, will continue to increase as demand nationwide for
most industrial minerals will increase in 2006. The value of coal will increase as production and
prices are expected to increase as new contracts replace existing contracts at significantly higher
rates. The opening of the Lisbon Valley base-metal mine in late 2005 will add incrementally to
the state’s base-metal values in 2006 and beyond. Precious-metal production will be higher in
2006 due to increased production from Kennecott’s Bingham Canyon mine, but will be partially
offset by lower gold production from the company’s Barneys Canyon mine. Continued high
base- and precious-metal prices should increase exploration for these metals over the next few
years.

2
 MINE PERMIT SUMMARY

During 2005, DOGM received 10 Large Mine permit applications (2 ha [5 acres] and
larger disturbance) and 37 new Small Mine permit applications (less than 2 ha [5 acres]
disturbance). Nine of the Large Mine permit applications were for industrial minerals and one
permit application was for base metals. Eight of the Large Mine permit applications requested a
change from a Small Mine permit to a Large Mine permit, and two applications were for new
mines. The 37 Small Mine permit applications included 30 industrial mineral; three energy
mineral; two gems, geodes, fossils, and other; one precious-metal; and one base-metal operation.
The number of Large Mine applications was three more than in 2004; Small Mine applications
were 19 more than in 2004.
Reported mine production for 2005 is incomplete. In 2004, DOGM recorded production
from 75 Large Mines (excluding sand and gravel), five fewer than in 2003. The Large Mines
included three base-metal mines, two precious-metal mines, 13 coal mines, and 57 industrial-
mineral mines (including gems, geodes, fossils, and other). Seventy-six Small Mines reported
production in 2004, four fewer than in 2003. These Small Mines included 50 industrial-mineral;
20 gems, geodes, fossils, and other; and six precious-metal operations.
The School and Institutional Trust Lands Administration, which manages the mineral
resources on about 1.8 million ha (4.5 million ac) of state-owned lands in Utah, reported issuing
leases and/or contracts for the following commodities in 2005: (1) bituminous/asphaltic sands-
17, (2) building stone-10, (3) gemstone/fossil-1, (4) gilsonite-2, (5) gypsum-1, (6) limestone-2,
(7) metalliferous minerals-127, (8) oil shale-22, and (9) sand and gravel-17.

NATIONAL RANKINGS

The USGS’s 2005 preliminary data has ranked Utah 4th in the nation in the value of
nonfuel mineral production, compared to 6th in 2004. USGS data show that Utah accounted for
5.6% of the total U.S. nonfuel mineral production value, compared to a revised 4.25% in 2004
(Tanner, 2006). For 2005, USGS data show that Utah remained the only state that produced
beryllium concentrates and magnesium metal. Additionally, Utah was second in the quantity of
molybdenum concentrates, copper, gold, potash, and magnesium compounds produced (in
descending order of value); fourth in phosphate rock and silver; and sixth in salt (Tanner, 2006).
The state was also a significant producer of Portland cement, construction sand and gravel, lime,
common clays, and gemstones.
The USGS’s preliminary estimate of the value of nonfuel mineral production for 2005 is
$2.87 billion (Tanner, 2006), about $920 million (48%) higher than in 2004. USGS data show
that between 2002 and 2005 the value of nonfuel mineral production in Utah increased from
$1.24 billion (a 10-year low) in 2002 to a record high $2.87 billion in 2005 (figure 2). The Utah
Geological Survey's (UGS) estimate for the value of nonfuel mineral production for 2005 is
$3.11 billion, compared to $1.94 billion for 2004.
A summary of estimated mineral values by the UGS from 1996 through 2005 is shown in
table 1.

3
 $3,000 2,870
Value (millions) Source: U.S. Geological Survey

$2,500

1,940
$2,000
1,740
1,680

1,430
$1,500 1,340 1,330 1,360 1,360
1,240

$1,000
1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005

Years

Figure 2. Value of Utah's nonfuel mineral production from 1996 through 2005.
Table 1. Utah mineral production values by industry segment from 1996 through 2005. Estimated value is in
millions. Note that totals may not add up correctly due to rounding.

Industrial Precious
Year Base Metals Coal Total Value
Minerals Metals
1996 $929 $434 $500 $326 $2,190
1997 $941 $533 $485 $289 $2,247
1998 $688 $534 $474 $154 $1,850
1999 $626 $583 $460 $153 $1,822
2000 $749 $500 $456 $212 $1,916
2001 $693 $538 $480 $240 $1,951
2002 $612 $565 $467 $172 $1,815
2003 $690 $555 $384 $136 $1,765
2004 $1,136 $643 $386 $158 $2,324
2005 $2,125 $758 $468 $229 $3,580

BASE- AND PRECIOUS-METAL PRODUCTION

Base-metal production, with an estimated value of $2.13 billion, was the largest
contributor to the value of minerals produced in 2005, an all-time high (figure 1; table 1). In
descending order of value, those metals were molybdenum, copper, magnesium, and beryllium.
The 2005 base-metal values were about $990 million (87%) more than 2004. This increase is on
top of a 65% increase in the value of base-metal production in 2004. Precious-metal production,

4
valued at $229 million (figure 1; table 1), included gold (87% of total value) and silver (13% of
total value). Precious-metal values in 2005 were $70.8 million (45%) higher than in 2004.
Kennecott Utah Copper Corporation’s (KUC) Bingham Canyon mine, located about 32
km (20 mi) southwest of Salt Lake City in Salt Lake County, is the state’s major producer of
copper, gold, and silver, and its sole producer of molybdenum. The combined value of minerals
produced from the Bingham Canyon mine in 2005 was about 63% of the total value of all
minerals produced statewide. KUC has an aggressive mine expansion program ongoing.

Molybdenum

For the first time, molybdenum was the largest contributor to the value of Utah’s base-
metal production in 2005. Kennecott's Bingham Canyon mine produced about 15,600 metric
tons (mt) (17,200 short tons [st]) of by-product molybdenum in 2005, 130% more than in 2004
(Rio Tinto, 2006). The increased production of molybdenum, in conjunction with the massive
increase in molybdenum price, supplanted copper as the most valuable mineral product from the
century-old porphyry copper-molybdenum-gold-silver operation. The Bingham Canyon mine
was one of only eight molybdenum-producing mines in the U.S. in 2005. The USGS reports that
in the U.S., mine output of molybdenum increased 35% in 2005, on top of a 19% increase in
2004 (Magyar, 2006). According to Rio Tinto (2006), the substantial increase in molybdenum
production in 2005 was in response to increased world-wide demand.

Copper

Copper is the second-largest contributor to the value of nonfuel minerals in Utah.

Substantial price increases in 2003, 2004, and 2005 raised the value of copper to an all-time
high, and the value of base-metal production statewide to more than $2 billion for the first time.
From 2002 through 2005, the average annual price of copper increased from $1.67/kg ($0.76/lb)
to $3.72/kg ($1.69/lb). Refined copper production from Kennecott's Bingham Canyon mine
decreased slightly in 2005 to approximately 232,000 mt (255,200 st) from approximately
247,000 mt (272,000 st) in 2004. Kennecott also reports that the Bingham Canyon mine
produces more than 10% of the annual refined copper requirements in the U.S. (Rio Tinto,
2006).
The Lisbon Valley Copper mine, located 72 km (45 mi) southeast of Moab in San Juan
County, began operating in December 2005, and is scheduled to produce about 18 million kg (40
million lb) of copper in 2006 (Greg Hahn, Constellation Copper, written communication, March
2006).

Gold and Silver

Refined gold production in 2005 is estimated to be about 401,000 Troy ounces (oz), a
30% increase from the 308,000 oz produced in 2004. Gold is produced from two surface mines
owned by Kennecott Corporation: one primary producer (Barneys Canyon mine) and one by-
product operation (Bingham Canyon mine), both located in Salt Lake County. Several other
small mines in the state are known to produce minor amounts of gold and silver, but metal-
specific production is not reported, and not included in the above totals. The Barneys Canyon
mine exhausted its economic ore reserves in late 2001 and ceased mining, but will continue to

5
produce gold from its heap-leach pads at a much reduced rate into 2007, when those pads will be
depleted. Silver is also a by-product metal from the Bingham Canyon mine. Refined silver
production was 3.54 million oz in 2005, about 6% higher than in 2004.

Magnesium

Magnesium metal was the third-largest contributor to the value of base metals in 2005.
Magnesium metal is produced from Great Salt Lake brines by US Magnesium, LLC at its
electrolytic plant at Rowley in Tooele County. The plant’s annual capacity is 43,000 mt (47,000
st) of magnesium metal (99.8% purity). It is the only active primary magnesium processing
facility in the U.S. Magnesium production in 2005 was slightly lower than in 2004. Due to
market conditions, the planned expansion to 54,000 mt (59,500 st) announced last year has been
delayed indefinitely. Magnesium metal prices declined from $3.48/kg ($1.58/lb) in 2004 to
$2.98/kg ($1.35/lb) in 2005 (Kramer, 2006).

Beryllium

Utah continues to be the nation's sole producer of beryllium concentrates. Beryllium ore
(bertrandite) is mined at Brush Resources’ Topaz and Hogs Back mines in Juab County and
processed along with imported beryl at the company's plant a few miles north of Delta in Millard
County. The product (beryllium hydroxide) is then sent to the company-owned refinery and
finishing plant in Ohio, where it is converted into beryllium metal, alloys, and oxide. No
bertrandite ore was mined in 2005, but about 36,000 mt (40,000 st) of stockpiled and purchased
ore was milled at the Delta plant. Shedd (2006) estimates that nearly one-half of beryllium use is
in computer and telecommunications products, and the remainder is used in aerospace and
defense applications, appliances, automotive electronics, industrial components, and other
applications.
Brush Wellman (parent company) announced that it has received a $9 million contract
award under the Department of Defense’s Defense Production Act, Title III Program. The
contract is for the engineering and design of a new facility for the production of primary
beryllium, the feedstock material used to produce beryllium metal products. The awarding of the
contract represents a key step toward the return of a sustainable domestic supply of beryllium, a
material critical to the nation’s strategic interests. The new facility, to be owned and operated by
Brush Wellman, will be located at an existing plant site in either Elmore, Ohio or Delta, Utah.
The total cost of the facility is expected to range from $40 to $60 million and approximately 25
additional jobs are expected to be created to operate and maintain the facility (Brush Wellman,
2006).announced that it has received a $9 million contract award under the Department of
Defense's

INDUSTRIAL-MINERALS PRODUCTION

Industrial-minerals production, with an estimated value of $758 million (an all-time high)
was the second-largest contributor to the value of minerals produced in 2005 (figure 1; table 1).
The value of industrial minerals has grown substantially over the past 10 years, increasing from
$434 million in 1996 to $758 million this past year, a 75% increase. Commodities or commodity
groups that have realized the majority of these gains include sand and gravel and crushed stone;

6
Portland cement and lime; salines, including salt, magnesium chloride, potash (potassium
chloride), and sulfate of potash (SOP); and phosphate rock. These commodities account for 89%
of the total value of the industrial minerals segment. Other important commodities produced in
Utah, in descending order of value, include gilsonite, expanded shale, common clay, bentonite
and kaolinite, and gypsum.

Salt, Magnesium Chloride, Potash (Potassium Chloride),

and Sulfate of Potash

Brine-derived products, including salt, were the highest contributors (up from third-
highest in 2004) to the value of industrial-mineral production in Utah during 2005, with a
combined value of $262 million, about $83 million (46%) more than in 2004. Most of the
increase in value is due to a substantial increase in the production of potash. In addition to salt,
brine-derived products include magnesium chloride and potash (potassium chloride and
potassium sulphate [SOP]). One company (North Shore Limited Partnership) produces a small
amount of concentrated brine that is used as an ingredient in mineral food supplements. The
statewide production of salt and other brine-derived products, excluding magnesium metal, is
estimated to be 2.70 million mt (2.98 million st) in 2005, about 0.73 million mt (0.80 million st)
less than in 2004. Potash production (including SOP) is estimated to be about 0.84 million mt
(0.93 million st) in 2005, approximately 395,000 mt (435,000 st) more than in 2004.
Salt production alone is estimated to be 2.63 million mt (2.90 million st) in 2005, about
63,500 mt (70,000 st) more than in 2004, with most of the production coming from three
operators processing brine from Great Salt Lake. The three largest operators are, in descending
order of production: (1) Great Salt Lake Minerals Corporation, (2) Cargill Salt Company, and (3)
Morton International. In addition, three other companies produce salt and/or potash from
operations not located on Great Salt Lake: (1) Reilly Chemical Company at Wendover in Tooele
County (salt and potash), (2) Moab Salt, LLC near Moab in Grand County (salt and potash), and
(3) Redmond Minerals, Inc. near Redmond in Sanpete County (rock salt).

Portland Cement and Lime

Portland cement and lime were the second-highest contributors (same as 2004) to the
value of industrial minerals produced in 2005, with a combined value of $192 million, about $12
million (7%) more than in 2004. Two operators produce Portland cement in Utah: Holcim, Inc.
and Ash Grove Cement Company. Holcim's Devils Slide mine and plant are east of Morgan in
Morgan County, and Ash Grove's Leamington mine and plant are east of Lynndyl in Juab
County. The companies have a combined capacity of more than 1.4 million mt (1.5 million st) of
cement annually. Both plants operated at or above design capacity in 2005, with total production
of about 1.5 million mt (1.7 million st). In addition to limestone, both Holcim and Ash Grove
Cement mine modest amounts of shale and sandstone that are used in the manufacture of cement.
Lime production was about 10% higher in 2005 than in 2004, with an estimated
production of about 726,000 mt (800,000 st). There are two suppliers of lime in Utah, with a
combined capacity of more than 0.9 million mt (1.0 million st) per year: Graymont Western
U.S., Inc., which produces dolomitic quick lime and high-calcium quick lime; and Chemical
Lime of Arizona, Inc., which produces dolomitic quick lime and hydrated dolomitic lime. Both
operations serve markets in Utah and surrounding states. Graymont Western's plant is in the

7
Cricket Mountains, approximately 56 km (35 mi) southwest of Delta in Millard County, and is
one of the 10 largest lime plants in the United States. Chemical Lime of Arizona's plant is about
13 km (8 mi) northwest of Grantsville in Tooele County.
In 2004, an additional 13 to 15 operators quarried about 2.0 million mt (2.2 million st) of
limestone and dolomite, which was used mainly for construction as well as flue-gas
desulfurization in coal-fired power plants. A small amount of limestone and dolomite is also
crushed to a fine powder and marketed as “rock dust” to the coal mining industry.

Sand and Gravel and Crushed Stone

Sand and gravel, and crushed stone (including limestone and dolomite) were the third-
highest contributors to the value of industrial minerals produced in Utah during 2005 (down from
highest in 2004), with an estimated value of $186 million, about $16 million (9%) higher than in
2004. These materials are produced in nearly every county in Utah by commercial operators,
and by federal, state, and county agencies. Due to the large number of operations (approximately
140 active pits and quarries), the UGS does not send production questionnaires to this group.
However, production data are compiled by the USGS. Based on fourth quarter 2005 production
data (Willett and Bolen, 2006), the USGS estimates that 2005 production will be 30.7 million mt
(33.8 million st) of sand and gravel with a value of $135 million, and 8.8 million mt (9.70
million st) of crushed stone with a value of $51.1 million. Crushed stone production includes
raw material for both lime and cement plants. This is a 3% increase in sand and gravel
production and a 9.7% increase in the production of crushed stone compared to 2004.

Phosphate

Simplot Phosphates, LLC (formerly SF Phosphates, Ltd) is Utah's only phosphate

producer. The company’s phosphate operation is 18 km (11 mi) north of Vernal in Uintah
County. The mine produces roughly 2.7 to 3.6 million mt (3-4 million st) of ore annually, which
is processed into 0.9 to 1.8 million mt (1-2 million st) of phosphate concentrate. The
concentrate is transported in slurry form to the company's Rock Springs, Wyoming fertilizer
plant via a 144-km- (90-mi-) long underground pipeline. During 2005, the mine produced about
3.4 million mt (3.8 million st) of ore, about the same as in 2004.

Gilsonite

Gilsonite production for 2005 is estimated to be about 73,000 mt (80,000 st), about 9,100
mt (10,000 st) more than in 2004. Gilsonite is an unusual solid hydrocarbon that has been mined
in Utah for more than 100 years. All of the gilsonite mines are located in southeastern Uintah
County. The three companies that produce gilsonite, in descending order of production, are (1)
American Gilsonite Company, (2) Zeigler Chemical and Minerals Company, and (3) Lexco, Inc.
Gilsonite is marketed worldwide for use in over 150 products ranging from printing inks to
explosives. Gilsonite production has been increasing modestly over the past several years.

8
 Expanded Shale and Perlite

Two companies, Utelite, Inc., and Basin Perlite, produced lightweight “expanded”
products from shale and pumice for use primarily in the construction and building industries.
Mine production was about 248,000 mt (273,000 st) in 2005, a slight increase from 2004.
Utelite’s mine is east of the town of Wanship in Summit County. The Basin Perlite mine,
located north and west of the town of Milford in Beaver County, was shut down in March 2005,
and is inactive.

Common Clay and Bentonite

Nearly 300,000 mt (331,000 st) of common clay and approximately 62,000 mt (68,000 st)
of bentonite were produced by eight companies in 2005, a 7% increase in common clay and a
38% decrease in bentonite compared to 2004. Statewide, there were 21 active mine permits held
by clay operators in 2005. Many of these mines operate intermittently. The two largest
producers of common clay in 2005 were Interstate Brick Company and Interpace Industries.
Two companies (Western Clay Company and Redmond Minerals, Inc.) produce bentonite from
pits located in central Utah. More than 75% of all common clay is used in the manufacture of
brick. Bentonite is used as a sealant in many civil engineering applications, as a pet-waste
absorbent (litter-box filler), as an additive in oil and gas drilling fluids, and as a binder in
foundry molds. ECDC Environmental, LLC intermittently produces clay for use at their waste
disposal facility near the town of East Carbon in Carbon County.

Gypsum

Four companies produced about 390,000 mt (430,000 st) of gypsum in 2005, about 9100
mt (10,000 st) more than in 2004. In descending order of production, the three largest producers
were (1) U.S. Gypsum Company, (2) H.E. Davis and Sons, and (3) Nephi Gypsum, Inc. U.S.
Gypsum operates the only active wallboard plant in Utah. The plant is located near the town of
Sigurd in Sevier County. The Georgia Pacific plant, also near Sigurd, closed in 2002 and the
company’s mines in Utah are inactive. Statewide, there are only five active gypsum mines.
Most gypsum produced in Utah is used for making wallboard, but several operators
supply raw gypsum to regional cement companies where it is used as an additive to retard the
setting time of cement, and to the agricultural industry for use as a soil conditioner.

ENERGY MINERALS PRODUCTION

Coal

Utah’s coal operators produced 22.2 million mt (24.5 million st) of coal valued at $468
million from 13 underground mines in 2005 (figures 1, 3, and 4; table 1). This production was
approximately 2.5 million mt (2.8 million st), or 13% more than in 2004. All of the mines and
coal-related facilities are located in east-central Utah (figure 3). Utah’s synfuel plant, DTE Utah
Synfuels, LLC, is the only synfuel facility west of the Mississippi River. The synfuel plant is
located at the Castle Valley (CV) railroad spur near the town of Wellington. The plant operated

9
on a full-time basis in 2005, and processed about 1.2 million tons of high-ash coal purchased
from several local coal operators. The DTE plant produces a solid synthetic product that is used
to fuel cogeneration and traditional coal-fired power plants. A new air-sparge processing plant
began operating in December 2005, and is still in start-up mode. The plant is owned by Covol
Technologies, a subsidiary of Headwaters, Inc., and is rated at about 226 mt (250 st) per hour.
The plant is located just south of the CV spur, and is scheduled to operate on a round-the-clock
basis when fully operational.

Figure 3. Location of coal mines and processing plants in central Utah.

The largest coal producer was the Sufco mine, operated by Canyon Fuel Company, LLC,
which produced a near-record mine production high of 8.34 million mt (7.57 million st) of raw
coal. In addition, the following three mines each produced in excess of 1.8 million mt (2.0
million st) of coal: (1) Deer Creek, operated by Energy West Mining Company (Pacificorp, Inc.);

10
 30

Source: Utah Geological Survey

$650
Production (million mt)

Value (millions)
25
$575

$500

20

$425

15 $350
1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005
Production Value Years

Figure 4. Utah's coal production and value from 1996 through 2005.
(2) Dugout Canyon, operated by Canyon Fuel Company, LLC and (3) West Ridge, operated by
West Ridge Resources.
Three mines that had operated intermittently in the past, operated on a full time basis in
2005. These mines, in descending order of production were the Skyline, Emery, and Horizon
(figure 3). One potential new mine (UtahAmerican Energy Company’s Lila Canyon mine) is in
the final stages of permitting and could begin producing within 18 months, depending on
successful marketing. The surge in oil and gas prices that began in the fall of 2003 has had a
positive effect on coal prices and production is anticipated to increase each year for the next
several years. Most of Utah’s coal was consumed in-state by three electric utilities in 2005.

EXPLORATION AND DEVELOPMENT ACTIVITY

Exploration increased in Utah during 2005 for copper, iron, molybdenum, gold, zinc, and
uranium. Mine development work in Utah was performed on copper, copper-molybdenum, iron,
and uranium projects. The number of new mining claims filed in the state has risen dramatically
from a low of 508 in 2001 to over 7500 in 2005. San Juan County recorded the most new
mining claims with more than 3400. The projects and mining districts discussed below are
shown in figure 5.

11
 Figure 5. Major base- and precious-metals exploration areas
in Utah during 2005.

Bingham District

Kennecott Utah Copper Corporation’s development work at Bingham Canyon in 2005

included the approval of the $170 million East 1 pushback that will extend the open-pit mine life
to 2017, and will fund an expansion of the molybdenum-recovery plant. The East 1 pushback
adds about 147.8 million mt (163 million st) averaging 0.83% Cu, 0.10% Mo, 0.27 ppm Au, and
2.7 ppm Ag to the existing porphyry reserve. KUC also drilled nine deep exploration holes in
2005, totaling 9898 m (32,474 ft). KUC continues to evaluate various plans to exploit the deep
porphyry roots beneath the ultimate pit. Options being studied include: (1) a west side (Highland
Boy) open-pit pushback; (2) a North Skarn underground mine with a resource of 12.2 million mt
(13.5 million st) averaging 1.9% Cu, 1.23 ppm Au, and 13.4 ppm Ag; and (3) a large block-cave

12
underground mine to develop the Northeast and Southeast porphyry roots. A recent photo of the
Bingham pit is shown in figure 6.
As part of an ongoing porphyry copper exploration program, Kennecott Exploration
Company drilled an aeromagnetic high (Youngs Ranch) in the pediment on the west flank of the
Oquirrh Mountains about 22.5 km (14 mi) southwest of Bingham. The hole intersected 425 m
(1394 ft) of alluvium and consolidated gravels before encountering unaltered, magnetic,
andesitic agglomerate, massive porphyritic latite flows, and heterolithic tuffs cut by monzonite
and latite porphyry dikes to a total depth at 919 m (3014 ft). The property was dropped and no
further work is planned (W.L. Gunter, Consultant, verbal communication, 2006).

Figure 6. Kennecott Utah Copper Corporation's Bingham Canyon Cu-Mo-Au-Ag mine,

Salt Lake County, Utah.

Lisbon Valley

Constellation Copper Corporation has started mining, crushing, stacking, and acid
treatment at its Lisbon Valley solvent extraction – electro-winning (SX-EW) copper mine in
southeastern Utah. Figure 7 shows the initial open pit (Sentinel) and facilities for the Lisbon
Valley mine. The Lisbon Valley project is focused on sandstone-hosted, “oxide” copper. The
2005 year end reserves are estimated at 35.5 million mt (39.1 million st) averaging 0.49% Cu in
three previously mined open-pits (Constellation Copper Company, 2006). The project is
expected to produce about 24,500 mt (27,000 st) of cathode copper per year over the life of the
mine. As with most recent development projects in the U.S., construction of the Lisbon Valley

13
SX-EW facility has been hampered by competition for supplies and labor with the rebuilding
efforts resulting from hurricanes Katrina and Rita on the Gulf Coast. Mining at a rate of 21,800
mt/d (24,000 st/d), crushing, and placement of ore on pads is already underway. Copper cathode
production is anticipated to begin in early 2006. Exploration continues at the new Flying
Diamond copper discovery, on trend several kilometers to the southeast of the current operation.
Initial drilling at Flying Diamond intersected an average 25.3 m (83 ft) of 0.71% Cu in 13 holes.

Figure 7. Constellation Copper Company's new Lisbon Valley copper mine and SX-EW
plant, San Juan County, Utah.

Iron Springs

Palladon Ventures Ltd. acquired the Comstock-Mountain Lion open pit (about 16 million
mt [18 million st] averaging 52% Fe) and Rex iron ore deposit in Iron County from the former
Geneva Steel for $10 million. Iron Springs is the most productive iron district in the Western
U.S., having produced an estimated 91 million mt (100 million st) averaging slightly over 50%
iron from several skarn/replacement ore bodies from 1845 through 1995. Palladon bought out
their joint-venture (JV) partner’s (Western Utah Copper Company) interest in the property,
selected a local mining contractor, posted a reclamation bond, started construction, and
announced a contract to sell one million mt (1.1 million st) of ore to a Chinese purchaser.
Palladon has further agreed to project financing terms with their new 50% JV partner, Luxor
Capital Partners, LLP, for an open-pit mine and mill with expected capital costs of about $16
million (Don Foot, Palladon Ventures, verbal communication, January 19, 2006).

14
 Milford Area

The Palladon Venture Ltd./Western Utah Copper Company (50-50) joint venture released
a resource estimate on their Nevada Star copper property near Milford. This work shows a
combined indicated resource from four separate skarn and porphyry deposits totaling 2.2 million
mt (2.4 million st) and averaging about 1.38% Cu at a 0.6% Cu cutoff in the Rocky Range and
Beaver Lake mining districts. The JV also released results from an exploration drill hole (BCC-
1) near the Beaver Carbonate lead-silver mine in the San Francisco district. This hole cut 5 m
(16.4 ft) of 3.7% Cu and 843 ppm Ag at a depth of 218 m (715 ft). The JV has applied for a
Large Mine permit with the state.
Nevada Pacific Gold Company acquired the Bat Ridge gold-copper skarn prospect in the
Beaver Lake mining district in 2005. Nevada Pacific completed a program of geologic mapping,
rock-chip geochemical sampling, and an 860 line-km (540 line-mi), low-altitude, air-borne,
aeromagnetic survey over the prospect. Additional work leading to a drill program is anticipated
in 2006.

Tintic District

The Dragon halloysite clay mine in Juab County has been purchased for $500,000 by
Atlas Mining Company of Osburn, Idaho. Halloysite is a high-value, bright white, microtubular,
clay with unique applications based on its unusual structure. The deposit is a selective
hydrothermal replacement of the Cambrian Ajax Limestone adjacent to a monzonite plug. Atlas
is developing the 272,000 mt (300,000 st) deposit as an underground mine and is driving both an
adit and -15° decline to access the halloysite beds. The majority of the higher grade material is
below the 91 m (300-ft) level and the decline is currently at the 76-m (250-ft) level.

Ohio-Mount Baldy District

Unico, Inc. drilled 13 holes totaling over 2135 m (7000 ft) in 2005 at the Deer Trail mine
in Piute County. The main objective was to identify and evaluate the mineralization contained in
extensions of known base metal mantos in the Pennsylvanian Callville Limestone, which
historically have averaged 6.5 ppm Au, 538 ppm Ag, 2.84% Pb, 6.26% Zn, and 0.76% Cu.
Mineralization similar to that in the old, underground workings was intercepted in the drill holes.
Unico was granted a Large Mine permit by the state.

Gold Hill District

Dumont Nickel cut greater than 3 m (10 ft) of 1 ppm gold in four of 24 holes it drilled on
its Cane Springs property in Tooele County. The best hole (RC-20) includes 6 m (20 ft) from 4.6
m to 10.7 m (15 to 35 ft) averaging 9.6 ppm Au near the historic Cane Springs skarn gold mine.
Dumont also intersected 54.9 m (180 ft) of 1.1 ppm Au in the nearby Kiewit zone (KZ-01),
starting at the surface in an intense quartz vein stockwork hosted by granodiorite. Exploration
drilling will continue in 2006.

15
 Fish Springs District

Lithic Resources Ltd. acquired Euro Zinc’s 100% interest in the Crypto zinc skarn in the
Fish Springs mining district of western Juab County. In 1993, Cyprus Amax Minerals Company
estimated a mineral resource of about 5.4 million mt (6 million st) of sulfide mineralization
grading 8.7% zinc and approximately 2.8 million mt (3.1 million st) of oxide zinc mineralization
grading 7% zinc.

Uranium

Escalating uranium prices rejuvenated exploration in the historic mining areas of the
Colorado Plateau. In Utah, this work has primarily focused on areas of previously delineated but
unmined resources. These areas have seen renewed claim staking and leasing of state-owned
land.
Although uranium prices have increased significantly since December 2002 (rising from
$22.44/kg [$10.20/lb] at the end of 2002 to $80.30/kg [$36.50/lb] at the end of 2005)
(TradeTech, 2006), no uranium ore was mined in Utah in 2005. Eleven of 12 permitted
uranium/vanadium mines were listed as inactive in 2004. One new Small Mine permit
application was received in 2005, and seven NOIs were received for uranium exploration.
A uranium staking rush in the Four Corners region since the beginning of 2005 has
resulted in the location of over 5000 new unpatented claims in San Juan, Emery, Grand, and
Garfield Counties. Most of these new claims cover either known sandstone-hosted uranium
resources or exploration plays in the major historical uranium districts. The Tony M and Frank
M uranium reserves in the Shootaring Canyon district (Garfield County) are controlled by
International Uranium Corporation and Energy Metals Corporation, respectively. Energy Metals
has also acquired the nearby Congress uranium property.
The Lisbon Valley mining district, Utah’s largest producer with 35.4 million kg (77.9
million lbs) of U3O8 recovered from approximately 11.6 million mt (12.8 million st) of ore, has
been particularly heavily targeted by Universal Uranium Ltd. and Mesa Uranium Corporation.
Energy Metals Corporation is also active in the district. Both the Shootaring Canyon and Lisbon
Valley mining districts are located near existing, permitted uranium mills: Shootaring Canyon at
Ticaboo (U.S. Energy Corporation, on standby) and White Mesa mill at Blanding (International
Uranium Corporation, active).
Max Resource Corp. acquired 195 lode claims on a potential in-situ leach uranium play
in the Spor Mountain district of west-central Utah. The mineralization is hosted in late Tertiary
caldera-fill volcaniclastic rocks, similar to the nearby Yellow Chief uranium deposit. Max
Resource Corp. has also received a permit for a six-hole, 366-m (1200-ft) drill program.
The U.S. Department of Energy and the State of Utah have agreed to move the 10.7
million mt (11.8 million st) of uranium mill tailings along the Colorado River near Moab. The
tailings will be moved 48 km (30 mi) north to a site near Crescent Junction.

MINERALS INFORMATION

The UGS published a “Uranium and vanadium in Utah” digital map (Gloyn and others,
2005) that shows Utah’s uranium-vanadium occurrences, mines, mining districts, mills, and the

16
distribution of the primary host strata. The UGS also completed studies on the “High-calcium
limestone resources of Utah” as Special Studies 116 (Tripp, 2005), the coal resources of the
southern Wasatch Plateau as Special Studies 114 (Quick and others, 2005), and “Large mines in
Utah, 2005” as Open-File Report 468 (Bon and Wakefield, 2005).
The new “Uinta Mountains Geology” guidebook published by the Utah Geological
Association (Dehler and others, 2005) contains two interesting papers on ore deposits. One
paper discusses the many metal occurrences in the Uinta Mountains and a second paper covers
the recently discovered Columbian-type, hydrothermal emerald and fibrous calcite
mineralization along the South Flank fault zone. The guidebook also has papers on the Clay
Basin gas field and the Ash Valley oil field.
A detailed summary of Utah’s coal industry and other energy and mineral data can be
found on the UGS’ Web site <http://geology.utah.gov.>

REFERENCES

Bon, R.L., 2005, and Wakefield, S.I., 2005, Large mines in Utah, 2005: Utah Geological Survey
Open-file report 468, map scale approximately 1:700,000.

Brush Wellman, 2006, Community News, Online, <http://www.brushelmore.com/>, accessed

March 10, 2006.

Constellation Copper Company, 2006, Lisbon Valley Mine and Flying Diamond Exploration
Update, Online, <http://constellationcopper.com,> accessed April 4, 2006.

Dehler, C.M., Pederson, J.L., Sprinkel, D.A., and Kowallis, B.J., 2005, Uinta Mountain
Geology: Utah Geological Association guidebook 33, 448 p.

Energy Information Administration, 2006, Quarterly coal production by state, Online,

<http://www.eia.doe.gov/cneaf/coal/quarterly/>, accessed March 16, 2006.

Gloyn, R.W., Bon, R.L., Wakefield, S.I, and Krahulec, K.A., 2005, Uranium and vanadium map
of Utah: Utah Geological Survey Map 215DM, scale 1:750,000.

Kramer, D.A., 2006, Magnesium metal: U.S. Geological Survey Mineral Commodity
Summaries, p. 104-105.

Magyar, M.J., 2006, Molybdenum: U.S. Geological Survey Mineral Commodity Summaries, p.
114-115.

Quick, J.C., Tabet, D.E., Hucka, B.P., and Wakefield, S.I., 2005, The available coal resource for
nine 7.5-minute quadrangles in the southern Wasatch Plateau coalfield, Emery, Sanpete,
and Sevier counties, Utah: Utah Geological Survey Special Study 114, 1 CD-ROM.

Rio Tinto, 2006, Rio Tinto 2005 annual report and financial statements, p. 49-51.

17
Shedd, K.B., 2006, Beryllium: U.S. Geological Survey Mineral Commodity Summaries, p. 34-
35.

Tanner, Arnold, 2006, Utah-Unpublished preliminary data and production rankings: U.S.
Geological Survey Mineral Industry Survey.

TradeTech, LLC, 2006, TradeTech's Uranium Exchange Value (Monthly Spot), Online,
<http://www.uranium.info/prices/monthly.html>, accessed March 20, 2006.

Tripp, B.T., 2005, High-calcium limestone resources of Utah: Utah Geological Survey Special
Studies 116, 60 p.

Willett, J.C., and Bolen, W.P., 2006, Crushed stone and sand and gravel in the fourth quarter of
2005: U.S. Geological Survey Mineral Industry Survey, 13 p.

18
 2006 Summary of Mineral Activity in Utah
R.L. Bon and K.A. Krahulec, Utah Geological Survey

SUMMARY

The gross value of all energy and mineral commodities produced in Utah in 2006 has
continued the strong upward trend that began in 2003. The gross annual revenue is now about
$7.6 billion, greatly exceeding even the inflation-adjusted revenue from any previous year
(figure 1). The previous peak of $4.9 billion in 1981 was largely due to a sharp rise in the price
of oil. The 2006 escalation in value is largely due to both high prices and increased production
in base metals, precious metals, oil, and coal.

Figure 1. Total annual value of Utah’s mineral production, inflation adjusted to 2006
U.S. dollars.
The value of Utah's mineral production (including coal) in 2006 is estimated at a record
$4.68 billion (figure 2), $1.15 billion (33%) higher than the revised value of $3.53 billion for
2005. All major mineral industry segments gained in value in 2006 for the fourth year in a row.
Contributions from each of the segments were as follows: base metals, $2.88 billion (62% of
total); industrial minerals, $811 million (17% of total); coal, $588 million (13% of total); and
precious metals, $400 million (8% of total) (figure 2; table 1). Compared to 2005, the 2006
values of (1) base metals increased $792 million (38%), (2) industrial minerals increased $52
million (7%), (3) coal increased $113 million (24%), and (4) precious metals increased $191
million (92%).
Preliminary estimates from the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) rank Utah 4th nationally
in the value of nonfuel minerals produced in 2006, and Utah accounted for about 6.2% of the

1
 Figure 2. Value of Utah's annual mineral production shown in millions of dollars, by
sector, from 2002 through 2006.
total U.S. nonfuel mineral production value (Tanner, 2007). Based on Energy Information
Administration data, Utah ranked 15th in coal production in 2005 (Energy Information
Administration, 2006), and will likely remain in the same position for 2006.
Metal prices reached historic highs in 2006, climbing from the record lows reached in
2001-02. The increase in metal prices has led to substantially increased mineral exploration and
development in Utah. In addition to the initiation of mining at the Lisbon Valley copper mine
and the Pandora uranium mine, both in San Juan County, advanced stage exploration and
development is ongoing in the Iron Springs (Fe) and Rocky Range-Beaver Lake (Cu-Au) mining
districts.
Mineral exploration statewide increased in 2006. During 2006, the Utah Division of Oil,
Gas and Mining (DOGM) received five Large Mine permit applications (2 ha [5 acres] and
larger disturbance) and 41 new Small Mine permit applications (less than 2 ha [5 acres]
disturbance). Thirty-five Notices of Intent to explore on public lands were filed with DOGM in
2006, compared to 27 in 2005 and 14 in 2004. Over 6000 new federal unpatented mining claims
were recorded in Utah in 2006. The Utah School and Institutional Trust Lands Administration
generated record revenues in fiscal year 2006.
Utah was rated as the fourth-best governmental body for mining operations as reported in
the 2006/2007 Fraser Institute Survey of Mining Company’s Policy Potential Index. The Fraser
survey rates the favorability of the political environment in 14 U.S. states, 12 Canadian
provinces and territories, and 39 countries.
The outlook for 2007 is for a moderate decline in the value of nonfuel mineral production
based largely on projections for lower production of base and precious metals coupled with
lower base-metal prices. Most base- and precious-metal prices increased significantly from 2003
through 2006 and, while prices should remain relatively high overall, some lowering of base-

2
metal prices is anticipated, while precious metal prices are projected to remain strong.
Industrial-mineral prices should remain near their current levels as Utah’s economic recovery
continues, although a reduction in demand for several commodities is projected. Coal prices and
production are projected to increase as new coal contracts are being negotiated at significantly
higher prices and demand for coal continues to increase.

NATIONAL RANKINGS

The USGS’s 2006 preliminary data ranks Utah 4th in the nation in the value of nonfuel
mineral production, the same as in 2005. USGS data show that Utah accounted for 6.2% of the
total U.S. nonfuel mineral production value, compared to 5.6% in 2005 (Tanner, 2007). For
2006, USGS data show that Utah remained the only state that produced beryllium concentrates
and magnesium metal. Additionally, Utah was 2nd in the quantity of copper, molybdenum
concentrates, gold, potash, and magnesium compounds produced (in descending order of value);
4th in phosphate rock and silver; and 5th in salt. The state was also a significant producer of
Portland cement, construction sand and gravel, lime, common clays, and gemstones (Tanner,
2007).
The USGS’s preliminary estimate of the value of nonfuel mineral production for 2006 is
$3.99 billion (Tanner, 2007), about $1.2 billion (43%) higher than in 2005. USGS data show
that between 2002 and 2006 the value of nonfuel mineral production in Utah increased from
$1.24 billion (a 10-year low) in 2002 to a record high $3.99 billion in 2006 (figure 3). The Utah
Geological Survey's (UGS) estimate for the value of nonfuel mineral production for 2006 is
$4.23 billion, compared to $3.06 billion for 2005.
A summary of estimated mineral values by the UGS from 1997 through 2006 is shown in
table 1.

Table 1. Utah mineral production values in nominal dollars by industry segment from 1997 through 2006.
Estimated value is in millions. Note that totals may not equal the sum of individual parts due to rounding.

Industrial Precious
Year Base Metals Coal Total Value
Minerals Metals
1997 $941 $533 $485 $289 $2,247
1998 $688 $534 $474 $154 $1,850
1999 $626 $583 $460 $153 $1,822
2000 $749 $500 $456 $212 $1,916
2001 $693 $538 $480 $240 $1,951
2002 $612 $565 $467 $172 $1,815
2003 $690 $555 $384 $136 $1,765
2004 $1,136 $643 $386 $158 $2,324
2005 $2,093r $759r $475r $209r $3,536r
2006 $2,885 $811 $588 $400 $4,684
r = revised

BASE- AND PRECIOUS-METAL PRODUCTION

Base-metal production, with an estimated value of $2.88 billion (an all-time high), was
the largest contributor to the value of minerals produced in 2006 (figure 2; table 1). In

3
Figure 3. Total annual value of Utah's nonfuel mineral production from 1997 through 2006.
descending order of value, those metals were copper, molybdenum, magnesium, and beryllium.
The 2006 base-metal values were about $792 million (38%) more than 2005. This increase is on
top of an 84% increase in 2005, and a 65% increase in 2004. Precious-metal production, valued
at $400 million (figure 2; table 1), includes gold (87% of total value) and silver (13% of total
value). Precious-metal values in 2006 were $191 million (91%) higher than in 2005.
Kennecott Utah Copper Corporation’s (KUC) Bingham Canyon mine, located about 32
km (20 mi) southwest of Salt Lake City in Salt Lake County, is the state’s major producer of
copper, gold, and silver, and its sole producer of molybdenum. The combined value of minerals
produced from the Bingham Canyon mine in 2006 was about 68% of the total value of all
minerals produced statewide. KUC is in the third year of an aggressive mine expansion
program.
Copper

Copper was the largest contributor to the value of nonfuel minerals in Utah. Substantial
price increases from 2003 through 2006 raised the value of copper to an all-time high, and the
value of base-metal production statewide to a record of nearly $2.9 billion. Refined copper
production from Kennecott's Bingham Canyon mine decreased moderately in 2006 to
approximately 218,000 metric tons (mt) (240,000 short tons [st]) from approximately 232,000 mt
(255,000 st) in 2005 (Rio Tinto, 2007).
The Lisbon Valley Copper mine, located 72 km (45 mi) southeast of Moab in San Juan
County, began operating in December 2005, but the SX-EW circuits did not start up until April
2006. The plant produced about 5260 mt (5800 st) of copper in 2006. Production will increase
significantly in 2007 as the mine strives to reach full production capacity of 24,500 mt (27,000
st) per year.

4
 Molybdenum

Molybdenum was the second-largest contributor to the value of Utah’s base-metal

production in 2006. Kennecott's Bingham Canyon mine produced about 16,800 mt (18,480 st) of
co-product molybdenum in 2006, about 8% more than in 2005 (Rio Tinto, 2007). The increased
production of molybdenum was largely offset by a 35% drop in molybdenum metal prices during
the year. The Bingham Canyon mine was the second-largest of nine molybdenum-producing
mines in the U.S. in 2006, barely behind the Henderson mine in Colorado at 16,825 mt (18,550
st). The USGS reports that the U.S. mine output of molybdenum in concentrate increased only
4% in 2006, versus a 35% increase in 2005 (Magyar, 2007).

Gold and Silver

Refined gold production in 2006 is estimated to be about 462,000 troy ounces (oz), a
25% increase from the 369,000 oz produced in 2005 (Rio Tinto, 2007). Gold is produced from
two surface mines owned by Kennecott Corporation: one primary producer (Barneys Canyon
mine) and one by-product operation (Bingham Canyon mine), both located in Salt Lake County.
Several other small mines in the state are known to produce minor amounts of gold and silver,
but production is not reported nor included in the above totals. The Barneys Canyon mine
exhausted its economic ore reserves in late 2001 and ceased mining, but will continue to produce
gold from its heap-leach pads at a much reduced rate into 2007, when those pads will be
depleted. Silver is also a by-product metal from the Bingham Canyon mine. Refined silver
production was 4.15 million oz in 2006 (Rio Tinto, 2007), about 17% higher than in 2005.

Magnesium

Magnesium metal was the third-largest contributor to the value of base metals in 2006.
Magnesium metal is produced from Great Salt Lake brines by US Magnesium, LLC at its
electrolytic plant at Rowley in Tooele County. The plant’s annual capacity is 43,000 mt (47,000
st) of magnesium metal (99.8% purity). It is the only active primary magnesium processing
facility in the U.S. Magnesium production in 2006 was marginally higher than in 2005.
Average magnesium metal prices declined from $3.48/kg ($1.58/lb) in 2004 to $2.53/kg
($1.15/lb) in 2006 (Kramer, 2007).

Beryllium

Utah continues to be the nation's sole producer of beryllium concentrates. Brush

Resources has a beryllium (bertrandite) mine in Juab County and a nearby processing plant. Ore
and imported beryl can both be processed at the company's plant a few miles north of Delta in
Millard County. The product (beryllium hydroxide) is then sent to the company-owned refinery
and finishing plant in Ohio, where it is converted into beryllium metal, alloys, and oxide. The
company reported mining approximately 53,000 mt (60,000 st) in 2006, in addition to purchasing
about 45,000 mt (50,000 st) of beryl ore from the National Defense Stockpile. The company’s
Hogsback mine was closed in 2006 and overburden removal at the new Fluro-Roadside pit will
begin in early 2007.

5
 In 2005, Brush Wellman (parent company) was awarded a $9 million contract under the
Department of Defense’s Defense Production Act, Title III Program. The contract is for the
engineering and design of a new facility for the production of primary beryllium, the feedstock
material used to produce beryllium metal products. The new facility, to be owned and operated
by Brush Wellman, will be located at an existing plant site in Elmore, Ohio. Design and
engineering will be completed in 2007. Additional funding will be required prior to
construction, which will take two to three years (Brush Wellman, 2007). Shedd (2007)
estimates that about 45% of beryllium use is in computer and telecommunications products, and
the remainder is used in aerospace and defense applications, appliances, automotive electronics,
industrial components, and other applications.

INDUSTRIAL-MINERALS PRODUCTION

Industrial-minerals production, with an estimated value of $811 million, an all-time high,

was the second-largest contributor to the value of minerals produced in 2006 (figure 2; table 1).
The value of industrial minerals has grown substantially over the past 10 years, increasing from
$533 million in 1997 to $811 million this past year, a 52% increase. Commodities or commodity
groups that have realized the majority of these gains include sand and gravel and crushed stone;
Portland cement and lime; salines, including salt, magnesium chloride, potash (potassium
chloride), and sulfate of potash (SOP); and phosphate rock. These commodities account for 89%
of the total value of Utah’s industrial minerals segment. Other important commodities produced
in Utah, in descending order of value, include gilsonite, expanded shale, common clay, bentonite
and kaolinite, and gypsum. While the overall value of industrial minerals reached a record high,
several commodity groups, including salt and brines, phosphate, and expanded shale and perlite
experienced lower values due to lower production and/or lower commodity prices in 2006.

Portland Cement and Lime

Portland cement and lime were the largest contributors to the value of industrial minerals
produced in 2006, with a combined value of $238 million, about $46 million (24%) more than in
2005. Two operators produce Portland cement in Utah: Holcim, Inc. and Ash Grove Cement
Company. Holcim's Devils Slide mine and plant are located east of Morgan in Morgan County,
and Ash Grove's Leamington mine and plant are east of Lynndyl in Juab County. The
companies have a combined capacity of more than 1.4 million mt (1.5 million st) of cement
annually. Both plants operated at or above design capacity in 2006, with total production of
about 1.4 million mt (1.5 million st). In addition to limestone, Ash Grove Cement mines a
modest amount of shale and sandstone that are used in the manufacture of cement.
Lime production was about 10% higher in 2006 than in 2005, with an estimated
production of about 818,000 mt (900,000 st). There are two suppliers of lime in Utah, with a
combined capacity of more than 0.9 million mt (1.0 million st) per year: Graymont Western U.S.,
Inc., which produces dolomitic quick lime and high-calcium quick lime; and Chemical Lime of
Arizona, Inc., which produces dolomitic quick lime and hydrated dolomitic lime. Both
operations serve markets in Utah and surrounding states. Graymont Western's plant is in the
Cricket Mountains, approximately 56 km (35 mi) southwest of Delta in Millard County, and is

6
one of the 10 largest lime plants in the United States. Chemical Lime of Arizona's plant is about
13 km (8 mi) northwest of Grantsville in Tooele County.
Statewide, DOGM lists 35 active limestone operations including 17 Large Mine and 18
Small Mine permits. Total limestone production reported in 2006 was 3.20 million mt (3.52
million st). Other uses of limestone include construction as well as flue-gas desulfurization in
coal-fired power plants. A small amount of limestone and dolomite is also crushed to a fine
powder and marketed as “rock dust” to the coal mining industry.

Salt, Magnesium Chloride, Potash (Potassium Chloride),

and Sulfate of Potash

Brine-derived products, including salt, were the second-largest contributors to the value
of industrial-mineral production in Utah during 2006, with a combined value of $233 million,
about $29 million (11%) less than in 2005. The decrease in value is attributable to the lower
production of all four commodities. In addition to salt, brine-derived products include
magnesium chloride and potash (potassium chloride and potassium sulphate [SOP]). One
company (North Shore Limited Partnership) produces a small amount of concentrated brine that
is used as an ingredient in mineral food supplements. The statewide production of salt and other
brine-derived products, excluding magnesium metal, is estimated to be 3.42 million mt (3.77
million st) in 2006, about 0.96 million mt (1.05 million st) less than in 2005. Potash production
(including SOP) is estimated to be about 0.85 million mt (0.93 million st) in 2005, approximately
0.31 million mt (0.34 million st) less than in 2005.
Salt production alone was estimated to be 2.52 million mt (2.77 million st) in 2006, about
0.12 million mt (0.13 million st) less than in 2005, with most of the production coming from
three operators processing brine from Great Salt Lake. The three largest operators are, in
descending order of production: (1) Great Salt Lake Minerals Corporation, (2) Cargill Salt
Company, and (3) Morton International. In addition, three other companies produce salt and/or
potash from operations not located on Great Salt Lake: (1) Reilly Chemical Company at
Wendover in Tooele County (salt and potash), (2) Moab Salt, LLC near Moab in Grand County
(salt and potash), and (3) Redmond Minerals, Inc. near Redmond in Sanpete County (rock salt).
In the past five years, Redmond Minerals has increased production significantly due to an
aggressive marketing campaign.

Sand and Gravel, and Crushed Stone

Sand and gravel, and crushed stone (including limestone and dolomite) were the third-
largest contributors to the value of industrial minerals produced in Utah during 2006, with an
estimated value of $219 million, about $23 million (12%) higher than in 2005. These materials
are produced in nearly every county in Utah by commercial operators as well as county, state,
and federal agencies. Due to the large number of operations (approximately 140 active pits and
quarries), the UGS does not send production questionnaires to this group. However, production
data are compiled by the USGS. Based on preliminary 2006 data (Tanner, 2007), the USGS
estimates that 2006 production will be 34.5 million mt (37.9 million st) of sand and gravel with a
value of $160 million, and 9.7 million mt (10.7 million st) of crushed stone with a value of $58.7
million. Crushed stone production includes raw materials for both lime and cement plants. This

7
is a 2% increase in sand and gravel production and a 17% increase in the production of crushed
stone compared to 2005.

Phosphate

Simplot Phosphates, LLC is Utah's only phosphate producer. The company’s phosphate
operation is 18 km (11 mi) north of Vernal in Uintah County. The mine produces roughly 2.7 to
3.6 million mt (3 to 4 million st) of ore annually, which is processed into 0.9 to 1.8 million mt (1
to 2 million st) of phosphate concentrate. The concentrate is transported in slurry form to the
company's Rock Springs, Wyoming, fertilizer plant via a 144-km (90-mile) underground
pipeline. During 2006, the mine produced about 3.5 million mt (3.8 million st) of ore, slightly
more than in 2005.

Gilsonite

Gilsonite production for 2006 is estimated to be about 73,000 mt (80,000 st), the same as
in 2005. Gilsonite is an unusual solid hydrocarbon that has been mined in Utah for more than
100 years. Gilsonite is marketed worldwide for use in over 150 products ranging from printing
inks to explosives. All of the gilsonite mines are located in southeastern Uintah County. The
three companies that produce gilsonite, in descending order of production, are (1) American
Gilsonite Company, (2) Zeigler Chemical and Minerals Company, and (3) Lexco, Inc. Gilsonite
production has been increasing modestly over the past several years.

Expanded Shale and Perlite

Two companies, Utelite, Inc. and Harborlite Minerals (formerly Basin Perlite), a
subsidiary of World Minerals, produced lightweight “expanded” products from shale and perlite
for use primarily in the construction and building industries. World Minerals is owned by
Imerys, a French multinational company. Mine production was about 390,000 m3 (300,000
cubic yards) in 2006, a slight increase from 2005. Utelite’s shale mine and plant is east of the
town of Wanship in Summit County. Harborlite Mineral’s perlite mine is about 40 km (25
miles) north and east of the town of Milford in Beaver County, and the plant is located in
Milford. The mine and plant were shut down in mid-2006 and are presently inactive.

Common Clay, Bentonite, and High-Alumina Clay

Nearly 291,000 mt (320,000 st) of common clay and approximately 74,000 mt (81,000 st)
of bentonite were produced by eight companies in 2006. Statewide, there were 19 active mine
permits held by clay and/or bentonite operators in 2006. Many of these mines operate
intermittently. The two largest producers of common clay in 2006 were Interstate Brick
Company and Interpace Industries. Two companies (Western Clay Company and Redmond
Minerals, Inc.) produce bentonite from pits located in central Utah. Sandy Nell produces a high-
alumina clay from a pit in Beaver County, and Atlas Minerals is developing a high-alumina
specialty clay (halloysite) mine in Juab County. More than 75% of all common clay is used in
the manufacture of brick. Bentonite is used as a sealant in many civil engineering applications,
as a pet-waste absorbent (litter-box filler), as an additive in oil and gas drilling fluids, and as a

8
binder in foundry molds. High-alumina clays are used in the manufacture of cement and in
numerous specialty applications including the field of nanotechnology.

Gypsum

Five companies produced about 467,000 mt (514,000 st) of gypsum in 2006, about
75,000 mt (83,000 st) more than in 2005. In descending order of production, the three largest
producers were (1) Georgia Pacific Gypsum, (2) U.S. Gypsum Company, and (3) Sunroc
Corporation (Clyde Companies). Georgia Pacific Gypsum and U.S. Gypsum operate the only
two wallboard plants in Utah. Both plants are near the town of Sigurd in Sevier County. The
Georgia Pacific plant, which closed in 2002, reopened in 2006 and is operating on a full-time
basis. Statewide, there are 14 permitted gypsum mines; five are listed as active and nine are
listed as inactive. Most gypsum produced in Utah is used for making wallboard, but several
operators supply raw gypsum to regional cement companies where it is used as an additive to
retard the setting time of cement, and to the agricultural industry for use as a soil conditioner.

ENERGY MINERALS PRODUCTION

Coal

Utah’s coal operators produced 23.8 million mt (26.2 million st) of coal valued at $588
million from 13 underground mines in 2006 (figures 2 and 4; table 1). This production was
approximately 1.5 million mt (1.6 million st), or 7% more than in 2005. All of the mines and
coal-related facilities are located in east-central Utah (figure 5). Utah’s synfuel plant, DTE Utah
Synfuels, LLC, is the only synfuel facility located west of the Mississippi River. The synfuel
plant is located at the Castle Valley (CV) railroad spur near the town of Wellington. The plant
operated on a part-time basis in 2006, and processed about 1 million mt (1.1 million st) of high-
ash coal purchased from several local coal operators. The DTE plant, which produces a solid
synthetic product that is used to fuel cogeneration and traditional coal-fired power plants, is
scheduled to close in 2008 because of the loss of synfuel tax credits. A new air-sparge
processing plant that began operating in December 2005 processed about 109,000 mt (120,000
st) of raw coal during 2006. The plant is owned by Covol Technologies, a subsidiary of
Headwaters, Inc., and is rated at about 226 mt (250 st) per hour. The plant is located just south
of the CV spur. Arch Coal Company began operations at its new coal preparation plant in 2006.
The plant is located along the CV spur and processes about 54,500 mt (60,000 st) of coal per
month, almost all from the company’s Dugout Canyon mine.
The largest coal producer was the Sufco mine, operated by Canyon Fuel Company, LLC,
which produced a record-high 7.2 million mt (7.9 million st) of coal in 2006. In addition, the
following four mines each produced in excess of 1.8 million mt (2.0 million st) of coal: (1)
Aberdeen, operated by UtahAmerican Energy, Inc. (formerly Andalex Resources); (2) Deer
Creek, operated by Energy West Mining Company (Rocky Mountain Energy); (3) Dugout
Canyon, operated by Canyon Fuel Company, LLC; and (4) West Ridge, operated by West Ridge
Resources.
The following three mines ceased operating in 2006 due to reserve depletion: Bear
Canyon #3, operated by Co-op Mining Company; South Crandall, operated by Genwal

9
 Figure 4. Utah’s annual coal production and value from 1997 through 2006.
Resources; and Pinnacle, operated by UtahAmerican Energy, Inc. (figure 5). One potential new
mine (UtahAmerican Energy Company’s Lila Canyon mine) is in the final stages of permitting,
but no plans have been announced to begin mine development. The surge in oil and gas prices
that began in the fall of 2003 has positively affected coal prices and production, which are both
anticipated to increase for the next several years. Approximately 60% of Utah’s coal was
consumed in-state by three electric utilities in 2006.

EXPLORATION AND DEVELOPMENT ACTIVITY

Exploration and development work increased in Utah during 2006 because of the
dramatic increase in world commodity prices from the all-time low in 2001 to the current new
highs. Most efforts were focused on copper, molybdenum, iron, gold, silver, zinc, and uranium.
Much of the information in this section is from numerous individual company websites and press
releases.

Claims, Leases, and Mine Permits

The number of new unpatented mining claims filed in the state has risen dramatically
from a low of 508 in 2001 to over 6000 in 2006. The majority of claims were staked for
uranium. San Juan County recorded the most new mining claims again in 2006 with more than
1100 followed by Grand and Beaver Counties, both with over 900 new claims. The projects and
mining districts discussed below are shown on figure 6.

10
 Figure 5. Location and status of central Utah’s coal mines and processing plants. Data
from DOGM files.

The Utah School and Institutional Trust Lands Administration (SITLA), which manages
about 1.4 million hectares (3.4 million acres) of state-owned lands in Utah, reported issuing
leases and/or contracts for the following commodities in 2005: metalliferous minerals-74, sand
and gravel-18, bituminous/asphaltic sands-5, oil shale-5, mineral materials-3, clay-1,
gemstone/fossil-1, geothermal-1, and unclassified-1. SITLA generated record revenues in fiscal
year 2006 (William Stokes, SITLA, written communication, 2007).
During 2006, DOGM received five Large Mine permit applications (greater than 2 ha [5
acres] disturbance) and 41 new Small Mine permit applications (less than 2 ha [5 acres]
disturbance). Four of the Large Mine permit applications were for industrial minerals operations
and one was for a uranium operation. The 41 Small Mine permit applications were for the
following operations: industrial minerals-28; energy minerals-6; precious-metals-4; gem, fossil,
and other-2; and base metals-1. The number of Large Mine applications was five fewer than in
2005; Small Mine applications were three more than in 2005.
Reported mine production for 2006 is incomplete. In 2005, DOGM recorded production
from 69 Large Mines (excluding sand and gravel), six fewer than in 2004. The Large Mines
included three base-metal mines, two precious-metal mines, 13 coal mines, and 51 industrial-
mineral mines (including gems, geodes, fossils, and other). Sixty-five Small Mines reported

11
 Figure 6. Major base- and precious-metals and uranium exploration projects, and
number of new mining claims staked by county in Utah during 2006. Claim data from
Utah BLM state office.
production in 2005, 11 fewer than in 2004. These Small Mine permits included 35 industrial-
mineral; 24 gems, geodes, fossils, and other; and six precious-metal operations.
Thirty-five Notices of Intent to explore on public lands were filed with DOGM in 2006,
compared to 27 in 2005 and 14 in 2004.

12
 Base Metals

Base metals had an especially strong year in Utah, buoyed by record metal prices: the
Bingham Canyon mine produced record profits, the new Lisbon Valley copper mine began
production, another copper operation is poised to begin production near Milford, a company in
the Iron Springs district is preparing to ship iron ore, and exploration is ongoing in numerous
other districts across the state.

Bingham Canyon

Kennecott Utah Copper Corporation's (KUC) Bingham Canyon mine earned a record
$1.8 billion in 2006 on increased copper, gold, and silver prices and a continued strong
molybdenum price (figure 7). KUC delivered record molybdenum production along with
increased copper and gold volumes as a result of higher grades mined in 2006. KUC is in the
third year of an aggressive mine expansion program with current efforts concentrated on
extending the mine life beyond the existing plan of 2017. Alternatives being studied include
additional open-pit laybacks or various underground options.

Figure 7. Kennecott Utah Copper Corporation's Bingham Canyon Cu-Mo-Au-Ag mine,

Salt Lake County, Utah (July 2005). View is toward northeast.
Development work at Bingham Canyon in 2006 included an upgrade of the molybdenum
circuit and the commissioning of a pebble crushing unit. Other major work during the year
included the initial driving of a horseshoe-shaped drainage tunnel from near the bottom of the pit
to the southwest.
Brownfield exploration at Bingham Canyon continued with substantial efforts at
examining high-grade molybdenum areas, copper porphyry roots, and skarn zones below the
currently defined ultimate pit. These efforts included more than 30,000 m (100,000 feet) of
development drilling completed in 2006 (Michael Penick, written communication, 2007). Plans
for 2007 include the re-excavation of the North Ore Shoot shaft collar, which was buried by the
canyon dump.

13
Lisbon Valley Copper

While Lisbon Valley Mining Company began mining and stacking the leach pads in
2005, plant construction at the new open-pit, heap leach, solvent extraction-electrowinning (SX-
EW) copper operation was completed in 2006. Lisbon Valley commissioned the SX circuit in
March and began harvesting the first cathodes in April. The operation continued to endure
startup problems throughout the remainder of the year as it attempted to ramp up to full
production. Production in 2006 was 5300 mt (5800 st) of copper and by the end of the year
production was running at about 900 mt (1000 st) per month. Copper mineralization at Lisbon
Valley occurs as disseminated and fracture-controlled copper in Cretaceous sandstones along the
nose of a salt-cored anticline.
Exploration by Lisbon Valley during 2006 focused on evaluating the Flying Diamond
deposit, discovered under cover a few miles southeast of the open-pit operation (figure 8).
Drilling in 2006 expanded on the original 13 holes drilled in 2005 and included 24 core holes
totaling 2818 m (9247 feet) and 23 rotary holes totaling an additional 4298 m (14,100 feet).
These holes were generally laid out as fences perpendicular to the ore-controlling east splay of
the Lisbon Valley fault, and help to define a mineralized zone approaching 2440 m (8000 feet)
long by about 152 m (500 feet) wide. The average mineralized intercept is roughly 18 m (60
feet) thick with grades of about 0.35% copper. Mineralization is hosted in the same Cretaceous-
age sandstone host horizons being mined to the northwest. About 16 km (10 miles) of shallow
seismic surveying was performed in an area around Flying Diamond during the year to help
define the ore-controlling structure (Gary Parkison, written communication, 2007).

Figure 8. Drill rig at Lisbon Valley’s Flying Diamond prospect, San Juan County, Utah.

14
Rocky-Beaver Lake

Western Utah Copper Company (WUCC) controls over 40,500 ha (100,000 acres) in the
Milford area and has been actively exploring the Rocky and Beaver Lake mining districts for the
past several years. The districts host seven partially defined copper skarn and breccia pipes with
by-product gold and silver. In 2006, WUCC’s exploration concentrated on definition drilling at
the Candy B and Hidden Treasure targets. Current proven ore reserves total approximately 2.2
million mt (2.4 million st) averaging 1.38% total copper with a total mineral resource of an
estimated 36 million mt (40 million st) of similar grade. Operating plans call for open-pit
mining, column flotation, acid vat leaching, followed by electrowinning. In 2006, WUCC
prepared the area of the plant site for construction (Western Utah Copper Company, 2006-2007).
The company has a Large Mine permit application pending.

Iron Springs

Palladon Iron Corporation acquired the Iron Mountain project in 2005. The property
(former Comstock-Mountain Lion open-pit) hosts an estimated resource of about 16 million mt
(18 million st) averaging 52% iron. The ore occurs as massive replacement/skarn deposits
adjacent to Miocene laccoliths. In 2006, Palladon digitized the old US Steel/Geneva Steel drill
data, began engineering and metallurgical studies for a new 2 million mt (2.2 million st) per year
mill/concentrator, refurbished a used ball mill, demolished all of the existing structures on the
mill site, and constructed an interchange with the Union Pacific Railroad for shipping ore to a
port in California for processing in China (Palladon Ventures, 2006-2007).

Fish Springs

Lithic Resources Ltd. acquired the Crypto zinc skarn in the Fish Springs mining district
of western Juab County in 2005. In 1993, Cyprus Amax Minerals Company estimated a shallow
oxide resource on the property of 2.8 million mt (3.1 million st) averaging 7% zinc and a deep
sulfide resource of 5.4 million mt (6 million st) averaging 8.8% zinc. In 2006, Lithic completed
1028 km (643 miles) of helicopter-borne magnetic surveying at a line spacing of 100 m (328
feet), approximately 25 km (16 miles) of pole-dipole IP (induced polarization) surveying on lines
spaced 200 m (656 feet) apart, and 1:8,000-scale, color aerial photography over the general
property area. Plans for 2007 include a 10,000-m (33,000-foot) drilling program, the main
objective of which will be to expand the Crypto zinc deposit (Chris Staargaard, written
communication, 2007).

Stockton

Kennecott Exploration continued their exploration of the Stockton porphyry copper

system, about 16 km (10 miles) southwest of Bingham. Kennecott performed detailed geologic
mapping, geochemical sampling, a gravity survey, 3-D IP survey, a ground magnetic survey,
digitizing of the 56 km (35 miles) of underground workings, and drilling. Kennecott completed
three new core holes totaling 1695 m (5561 feet). In addition, the company is sponsoring M.S.

15
thesis work on the district through Dr. William Chavez at the New Mexico Institute of Mining
and Technology (Joey Wilkins, written communication, 2007).

Miscellaneous Base-Metal Developments

In other base metal developments in Utah, (1) Chief Consolidated Mining Company was
working on obtaining appropriate permits for renewed mining at the Burgin mine in the East
Tintic district, (2) Inland Exploration acquired several interesting properties in west-central Utah,
(3) Franconia Minerals Corporation drilled five holes looking for zinc-rich mantos at the Horn
Silver mine in the San Francisco district, (4) Grand Central Silver Mines drilled several holes on
the west fringe of the Bingham mining district, (5) Unico, Inc. continued work on the Deer Trail
mine near Marysvale in central Utah, and (6) Allegheny Technologies announced plans to
construct a titanium sponge plant near the U.S. Magnesium facility at Rowley.

Precious Metals

Strong prices for precious metals over the past couple of years have significantly
increased the level of gold and silver exploration activity in Utah. Most of these efforts are
focused in the eastern Basin and Range Province of western Utah.

Gold Springs

The Gold Springs mining district is located on the Nevada-Utah border in southwestern
Utah. Astral Mining Corporation drilled 10 reverse circulation (RC) holes totaling 1762 m (5780
feet) on a low-sulfidation, epithermal, gold-silver quartz vein swarm. The best hole (GS-06-1)
cut 6.1 m (20 feet) of 7.24 ppm gold and 28.9 ppm silver at a depth of 25.9 m (85 feet). A 1500-
m (5000-foot) core-drilling program is planned for 2007 (Astral Mining Company, 2006-2007).

Fish Springs

The Silver Dome property, controlled by Columbus Gold Corporation, consists of

approximately 760 ha (1880 acres) south of the Crypto zinc skarn. Silver mineralization at
Silver Dome occurs in flat-lying Ordovician calcareous sandstones as fine-grained argentiferous
galena, both disseminated and along high-angle structures. Initial mapping and sampling has
identified mineralization, typically containing values ranging from 15 to 100 ppm silver, in a
zone along the range front measuring 1000 by 100 m (3300 by 330 feet). The target at Silver
Dome is bulk-mineable silver mineralization amenable to open-pit development (Columbus Gold
Corporation, 2006-2007). Columbus Gold is currently carrying out more detailed geologic
mapping, sampling, and trial geophysical surveys. The prospect area has never been drilled.

Gold Hill

Dumont Nickel continued its exploration efforts in the Gold Hill mining district in
southwestern Tooele County. The company drilled four RC holes in the Kiewit gold zone, seven
RC holes in the Kiewit West target, and an additional seven shallow holes in the Cane Springs
property. Late in 2006 they discovered a sediment-hosted gold system, the Rattler project, in the

16
northwestern portion of their property. Plans for 2007 include drill testing the Rattler targets
(Dumont Nickel, Inc., 2006-2007).

Confusion Range

Maestro Ventures acquired the Kings Canyon sediment-hosted gold property in

southwestern Millard County. The property was explored in the early 1990s, primarily by
Crown Resources. The property contains several gold zones with the largest defined resource
holding about 6.2 million mt (6.8 million st) averaging 1 ppm gold (Maestro Ventures Ltd.,
2006-2007).

Miscellaneous Precious-Metal Developments

In other precious metal developments, (1) Deep Creek Exploration has staked and
completed preliminary exploration work in the Sand Pass/Chalk Hills area of southern Juab
County, (2) Cordex was actively examining properties in the Basin and Range Province of
western Utah, (3) Miranda Gold Corporation staked the Lookout Pass sediment-hosted gold
property in southeastern Tooele County, and (4) WUCC acquired property near the old Drum
sediment-hosted gold mine.

Uranium

The dramatic rise in the price of uranium over the past several years has had a substantial
impact on exploration and development activity in Utah. Historically, Utah has been the third
most productive uranium state. The majority of the uranium property acquisition and work has
focused on the Colorado Plateau (Gloyn and others, 2005), where the Pandora mine has become
the first reactivated uranium mine in Utah.
In late 2006, Denison Mines Corp. acquired International Uranium Corp. and all of its
assets in Utah including the White Mesa uranium mill, Pandora mine, and the Henry Mountains
Complex. Currently, the permitted and operating 1800 mt/d (2000 st per day), dual-circuit White
Mesa uranium-vanadium mill near Blanding is processing alternate feed waste materials. The
company began a $15 million upgrade to the mill, which is expected to produce more than 3
million pounds of U3O8 and 4.5 million pounds of V2O5 by 2010.
In late 2006, Denison Mines’ Pandora mine, in the eastern La Sal district, resumed
uranium production, becoming the first productive uranium mine in Utah since 1991. In 2006,
production totaled approximately 1090 mt (1200 st) of ore, which was stockpiled at the mine
site. Reserves at the Pandora mine are estimated by the UGS at approximately 263,000 mt
(290,000 st) at 0.22% U3O8. The Pandora ore will be shipped about 110 km (70 miles) south to
the White Mesa mill and stockpiled until the mill circuits are converted from the current alternate
feed to new ore feed in early 2008 (Jon Showalter, Denison Mines, personal communication,
2007).
Denison Mines’ Henry Mountains Complex (Tony M mine and Bullfrog property) in the
Shootaring Canyon district is believed to host the largest known uranium resource in Utah,
estimated at about 4.9 million mt (5.4 million st) averaging 0.22% U3O8. Mining permits for this
operation are pending from DOGM. Mining at the Henry Mountains Complex is scheduled to

17
resume in 2007. In addition, Denison Mines is planning a large drilling campaign near its mines
in 2007.
Two other companies, Mesa Uranium Corp. and Universal Uranium Ltd., have
interlocking property positions and ongoing drill programs in the Lisbon Valley mining district –
Utah’s most productive uranium district at 35 million kg (78 million pounds) U3O8. Both
exploration programs are designed to test the down-dropped northeastern side of the Lisbon
Valley anticline. Mesa completed 10 holes in 2006 with a total depth of 8132 m (26,680 feet)
and intersected strongly anomalous uranium mineralization in two holes. Mesa also drilled three
additional holes on their adjoining North Alice mine target and cut anomalous uranium and
copper in two of these holes (Mesa Uranium Corp., 2006-2007). Universal drilled 12 holes
totaling 9382 m (30,780 feet) in 2006 and intersected anomalous uranium mineralization in six
of the holes. In a second phase of drilling, Universal drilled eight additional holes totaling 6248
m (20,500 feet) with another 10 holes planned for 2007 (Universal Uranium Ltd., 2006-2007).
Several companies have acquired property containing known uranium resources. Energy
Metals Corp. acquired the Velvet property (210,000 mt [231,000 st] averaging 0.43% U3O8) in
the Lisbon Valley district, the Frank M resource (1.36 million mt [1.5 million st] averaging
0.12% U3O8) in the Shootaring Canyon district, and the San Rafael property (587,000 mt
[647,000 st)] averaging 0.16% U3O8) in the Green River area (Energy Metals Corporation, 2006-
2007). The San Rafael property is a joint venture with Magnum Uranium Corp., which also
controls three other uranium properties in Utah.
SXR Uranium One, Inc. acquired the uranium assets of the U.S. Energy Corp. in 2006,
including the Shootaring Canyon uranium mill in the Henry Mountains area and several Utah
uranium prospects. The 680 mt/d (750 st per day) mill is being re-permitted for operation. Their
Utah properties include the Sahara mine (99,000 mt [109,000 st] averaging 0.23% U3O8) in the
San Rafael River uranium district (SXR Uranium One, Inc., 2006-2007).
Trigon Exploration Canada Ltd. acquired a volcanic-hosted uranium property in the
Central Mining Area near Marysvale. Historical drilling data suggest a resource estimated at
680,000 mt (750,000 st) averaging 0.075% U3O8. Magnum Uranium Corp. also has acquired
property in the Marysvale area (Trigon Uranium Corp., 2006-2007). Other companies pursuing
uranium exploration plays in Utah during 2006 include Uranium Energy, International Ranger,
Blue Rock Resources, Homeland Energy, Global Uranium, Energy Fuels Resources, and Max
Resources.

NEW MINERALS INFORMATION

The following publications provide new information on the mineral resources of Utah.
These publications and others are listed on the UGS website at <http://geology.utah.gov/> and
are available for purchase at the DNR Map and Bookstore. Additional free geographic
information system (GIS) data on Utah is available for download at <http://agrc.its.state.ut.us/>.
Mining Districts of Utah, edited by Roger Bon, Robert Gloyn, and Gerald Park, was
released on compact disk (CD) as Utah Geological Association (UGA) Publication 32. The CD
contains over a dozen papers on the history, production, and geology of individual Utah mining
districts, including most of the largest districts: Bingham, Park City, Tintic, Lisbon Valley, Spor
Mountain, and Stockton. Also included are ancillary papers on the history of metal prices and
mining in Utah.

18
 A collection of reprints, Uranium/Vanadium Publications of the Utah Geological Survey,
was released as UGS Open-File Report 462. This CD contains 14 publications totaling 1418
pages and 14 plates. Included in this collection is the most complete publication (Uranium-
Vanadium Occurrences of Utah) on uranium in Utah.
Another collection of reprints, Selected Lead and Zinc Publications of Utah, compiled by
Ken Krahulec was released as UGS Open-File Report 466. The CD contains 10 papers totaling
759 pages, including the most comprehensive work to date on Utah base metal mines.
Geology of Northwestern Utah, UGA Publication 34, is a CD edited by Kimm Harty and
David Tabet. The CD contains five papers on mineral resources, including articles on the
Dugway mining district; Vipont mine in the Ashbrook district; travertine at Aragonite; Mountain
City district; and limestone, dolomite, and silica occurrences of northwestern Utah.
Other recent publications from the UGS on minerals and energy resources include (1)
Coal Resource Map of Utah (Map 226DM), (2) The Available Coal Resource for Eight 7.5-
minute Quadrangles in the Alton Coalfield, Kane County, Utah (Special Studies 118), (3) Utah
Oil Shale Database (Open-File Report 469), and (4) History and Mineral Resource
Characterization of Sevier Lake, Millard County, Utah (Miscellaneous Publication 06-6). In
addition, Tripp and White (2006) reported on gilsonite resources and mining in the Uinta Basin.

RECLAMATION AND THE ENVIRONMENT

The U.S. Department of Energy and the State of Utah agreed in 2005 to move the 10.5
million mt (11.9 million st) of uranium mill tailings located along the Colorado River near Moab.
The tailings are estimated to average about 100 ppm uranium and 400 ppm vanadium (Don
Metzler, personal communication, 2007). The tailings will be moved 48 km (30 miles) north to a
site near Crescent Junction, Utah. Cleanup operations and revegetation peripheral to the Moab
tailings was done in 2006. Disposal cell construction at Crescent Junction is not expected to
begin before 2009.
Reclamation at the Midvale slag Superfund site is complete and the site along the Jordan
River is undergoing mixed-use development as Bingham Junction. Scheduled development
includes 48 ha (119 acres) of houses, apartments, retail, and office space with an additional 4.5
ha (11 acres) of wetland.
DOGM continued its program of closing abandoned mines. The program has already
closed an estimated 6000 to 7000 openings and has four new projects in the works for 2007: Star
district, San Rafael Swell, Gold Hill district, and the Mammoth section of the Tintic district.
These four projects include an additional 1000 openings.
A consortium of Tiffany & Co., Snowbird Ski Resort, Environmental Protection Agency,
and Trout Unlimited teamed up to reclaim the abandoned Pacific mine in the American Fork
district. The cleanup, which had been hindered by the 1971 Clean Water Act, was completed
under a special Good Samaritan variance from the Act.
Shaw Environmental, Inc. mined approximately 202,000 m3 (264,000 cubic yards) of
limestone from their Lime Peak quarry in the Tintic district to be used for rip rap in the
remediation of historical mine dumps near the town of Eureka.

19
 OUTLOOK

The overall value of mineral production in Utah is expected to be lower in 2007 because
of projected lower base- and precious-metal production and lower average base-metal prices.
Industrial-mineral production is expected to be flat as many operators are operating at or near
capacity. Overall, industrial-mineral prices will continue to remain relatively high as the
regional demand for most industrial minerals will continue to be strong in 2007. The value of
coal will increase as production and prices are expected to increase as new contracts at
significantly higher prices replace existing contracts. The opening of the Lisbon Valley copper
mine in late 2005 added incrementally to the state’s base-metal value in 2006 and will
increasingly contribute as the mine ramps up to full production.
Although it appears that copper, gold, and silver prices peaked in mid-2006, overall metal
prices for the 2007 calendar year may still be substantially similar to the strong prices of 2005,
with the exception of molybdenum and uranium. Molybdenum’s surprising price run-up in 2005
seems unlikely to be repeated in 2007, and the uranium spot price continued to escalate
throughout 2006 and appears headed into record territory in 2007. The remarkable recent
upsurge in molybdenum and uranium prices has led to investor speculation in the spot markets
for these commodities which, it is feared, may lead to enhanced price volatility in these
commodities.

REFERENCES

Astral Mining Corporation, 2006-2007, Online, <http://www.astralmining.com/s/Home.asp>,

various pages accessed during 2006 and first quarter 2007.

Brush Wellman, 2007, Community News, Online, <http://www.brushelmore.com/>, accessed

March 5, 2007.

Columbus Gold Corporation, 2006-2007, Online,

<http://www.columbusgoldcorp.com/s/Home.asp>, various pages accessed during 2006
and first quarter 2007.

Dumont Nickel, Inc., 2006-2007, Online, <http://www.dumontnickel.com/>, various pages

accessed during 2006 and first quarter 2007.

Energy Information Administration, 2006, Online, Quarterly coal production by state:

<http://www.eia.doe.gov/cneaf/coal/quarterly/>, accessed March 16, 2006.

Energy Metals Corporation, 2006-2007, Online,

<http://www.energymetalscorp.com/s/home.asp>, various pages accessed during 2006
and first quarter 2007.

Gloyn, R.W., Bon, R.L., Wakefield, S.I, and Krahulec, K.A., 2005, Uranium and vanadium map
of Utah: Utah Geological Survey Map 215DM, scale 1:750,000, compact disk.

20
Kramer, D.A., 2007, Magnesium metal: U.S. Geological Survey Mineral Commodity
Summaries, p. 100-101.

Maestro Ventures Ltd., 2006-2007, Online, <http://www.maestroventures.com/>, various pages

accessed during 2006 and first quarter 2007.

Magyar, M.J., 2007, Molybdenum: U.S. Geological Survey Mineral Commodity Summaries, p.
110-111.

Mesa Uranium Corp., 2006-2007, Online, <http://www.mesauranium.com/s/Home.asp>, various

pages accessed during 2006 and first quarter 2007.

Palladon Ventures, 2006-2007, Online, <http://www.palladonventures.com/s/Home.asp>,

various pages accessed during 2006 and first quarter 2007.

Rio Tinto, 2007, Rio Tinto 2006 annual report and financial statements, p. 25-28.

SXR Uranium One Inc., 2006-2007, Online, <http://www.uranium1.com/>, various pages

accessed during 2006 and first quarter 2007.

Shedd, K.B., 2007, Beryllium: U.S. Geological Survey Mineral Commodity Summaries, p. 30-
31.

Tanner, Arnold, 2007, Utah-Unpublished preliminary data and production rankings: U.S.
Geological Survey Mineral Industry Survey.

Trigon Uranium Corp., 2006-2007, Online, <http://www.trigonuraniumcorp.com/>, various

pages accessed during 2006 and first quarter 2007.

Tripp, B.T. and White, E.R., 2006, Gilsonite, in Vogel, J.E., Trivedi, N.C., Barker, J.M., and
Krukowski, S.T., senior editors, Industrial Minerals and Rocks – Commodities, Markets,
and Uses: Littleton, CO, Society for Mining, Metallurgy, and Exploration, Inc., 7th
edition, p. 481-493.

Universal Uranium Ltd., 2006-2007, Online, <http://www.universaluranium.com/s/Home.asp>,

various pages accessed during 2006 and first quarter 2007.

Western Utah Copper Company, 2006-2007, Online,<http://www.westernutahcopper.com/>,

various pages accessed during 2006 and first quarter 2007.

21
 FIGURE CAPTIONS

Figure 1. Total annual value of Utah’s mineral production, inflation adjusted to 2006 U.S.
dollars.

Figure 2. Value of Utah's annual mineral production shown in millions of dollars, by sector,
from 2002 through 2006.

Figure 3. Total annual value of Utah's nonfuel mineral production from 1997 through 2006.

Figure 4. Utah’s annual coal production and value from 1997 through 2006.

Figure 5. Location and status of central Utah’s coal mines and processing plants. Data from
DOGM files.

Figure 6. Major base- and precious-metals and uranium exploration projects, and number of new
mining claims staked by county in Utah during 2006. Claim data from Utah BLM
state office.

Figure 7. Kennecott Utah Copper Corporation's Bingham Canyon Cu-Mo-Au-Ag mine, Salt
Lake County, Utah (July 2005). View is toward northeast.

Figure 8. Drill rig at Lisbon Valley’s Flying Diamond prospect, San Juan County, Utah.

22
 2007 Summary of Mineral Activity in Utah
R.L. Bon and K.A. Krahulec, Utah Geological Survey

SUMMARY

The gross value of all energy and mineral commodities produced in Utah in 2007 is about
$7.71 billion, slightly less than the record high of $7.88 billion reached in 2006 (figure 1). The
2007 value is largely due to the lower production of metals despite higher prices for crude oil
and a record value for industrial minerals.

Figure 1. Total annual value of Utah’s energy and mineral production 1960 - 2006, inflation adjusted to
2007.

The value of Utah's mineral production (including coal) in 2007 is estimated at a near-record
$4.64 billion (figure 2), $40 million (less than 1%) lower than the revised value of $4.68 billion
for 2006. The only segment of Utah’s mineral industry to show an increase in value was
industrial minerals. Contributions from each of the mineral segments were as follows: base
metals, $2.83 billion (61% of total); industrial minerals, $921 million (20% of total); coal, $574
million (12% of total); and precious metals, $322 million (7% of total) (figure 2; table 1).
Compared to 2006, the 2007 values of (1) base metals decreased $58.1 million (2%), (2)
industrial minerals increased $111 million (14%), (3) coal decreased $13.8 million (2%), and (4)
precious metals decreased $79 million (20%).

1
 Figure 2. Value of Utah's annual mineral production, by sector, from 2003 through 2007.

Preliminary estimates from the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) rank Utah 4th nationally
in the value of nonfuel minerals produced in 2007, and Utah accounted for about 5.8% of the
total U.S. nonfuel mineral production value (USGS, 2008). Utah ranked 12th (up from 15th in
2005) in coal production in 2006 (Energy Information Administration, 2007), and will likely
retain the same ranking for 2007.
Metal prices reached near-historic highs in 2007, climbing from the record lows reached
in 2001-02. This increase has led to substantially increased mineral exploration and
development in Utah. In addition to the initiation of mining at the Lisbon Valley copper mine
and the Pandora uranium mine, both in San Juan County, advanced-stage exploration and
development is ongoing in the Iron Springs (Fe) and Rocky Range-Beaver Lake (Cu-Au) mining
districts.
Mineral exploration statewide increased in 2007. During 2007, the Utah Division of Oil,
Gas and Mining (DOGM) approved 10 Large Mine permit applications (2 ha [5 acres] and larger
disturbance) and 34 new Small Mine permit applications (less than 2 ha [5 acres] disturbance).
Thirty-seven Notices of Intent to explore on public lands were filed with DOGM in 2007,
compared to 35 in 2006 and 27 in 2005. More than 15,000 new federal unpatented mining
claims were recorded in Utah in 2007, more than double the 6000 claims recorded in 2006. The
Utah School and Institutional Trust Lands Administration generated record revenues in fiscal
year 2007, as it had in 2006.
Utah was again rated as the fourth-best regulatory environment for mining as reported in
the 2007/2008 Fraser Institute Survey of Mining Company’s Policy Potential Index. The Fraser
survey compares the favorability of the political environment in 14 U.S. states, 12 Canadian
provinces and territories, and 39 countries.

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 The outlook for 2008 is for a moderate increase in the value of nonfuel mineral
production based largely on projections for higher production of base and precious metals
coupled with higher base- and precious-metal prices. Industrial-mineral prices should remain
near their current levels as Utah’s economic expansion continues, although the downturn in
residential construction could affect the overall demand for several commodities. Coal prices
and production are projected to increase as new coal contracts are being negotiated at
significantly higher prices and demand for coal continues to increase. The boom in uranium
exploration and the reopening of several mines and a second uranium mill will add significantly
to Utah’s energy sector in the coming years. The construction of a titanium sponge plant
adjacent to U.S. Magnesium’s magnesium facility on the west shore of Great Salt Lake will add
incremental demand for magnesium and begin a new era in metal processing in the state.

NATIONAL RANKINGS

The USGS’s 2007 preliminary data ranks Utah 4th in the nation in the value of nonfuel
mineral production, unchanged from 2006. USGS data show that Utah accounted for 5.8% of
the total U.S. nonfuel mineral production value (USGS, 2008), compared to 6.2% in 2006. For
2007, USGS preliminary data show that Utah remained the only state that produced beryllium
concentrates and magnesium metal. Additionally, Utah continued to be 2nd in the quantity of
copper, molybdenum concentrates (1st in 2006), potash, and magnesium compounds produced (in
descending order of value); 3rd in gold (2nd in 2006); 4th in phosphate rock and silver; and 5th in
salt. The State was also a significant producer of Portland cement, construction sand and gravel,
lime, common clays, and gemstones (Arnold Tanner, USGS, written correspondence 2008).
The USGS’s preliminary estimate of the value of nonfuel mineral production for 2007 is
$3.94 billion (Arnold Tanner, USGS, written correspondence, 2008), about $30 million (1%) less
than in 2006. USGS data show that between 2002 and 2007 the value of nonfuel mineral
production in Utah increased from $1.24 billion (a 10-year low) in 2002 to a record high $3.97
billion in 2006 (figure 3). The Utah Geological Survey's (UGS) estimate for the value of nonfuel
mineral production for 2007 is $4.07 billion, compared to $4.10 billion for 2006.
A summary of estimated mineral values by the UGS from 1998 through 2007 is shown in
table 1.

Table 1. Utah estimated mineral production values in nominal dollars by industry segment from 1998 through
2007, value is in millions. Note that totals may not equal the sum of individual parts due to rounding.

Industrial Precious
Year Base Metals Coal Total Value
Minerals Metals
1998 $688 $534 $474 $154 $1,850
1999 $626 $583 $460 $153 $1,822
2000 $749 $500 $456 $212 $1,916
2001 $693 $538 $480 $240 $1,951
2002 $612 $565 $467 $172 $1,815
2003 $690 $555 $384 $136 $1,765
2004 $1,136 $643 $386 $158 $2,324
2005 $2,093 $759 $475 $209 $3,536
2006 $2,885 $811 $588 $400 $4,684
2007 $2,827 $921 $574 $322 $4,644

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 Figure 3. Total annual value of Utah's nonfuel mineral production from 1998 through 2007.

BASE- AND PRECIOUS-METAL PRODUCTION

Base-metal production, with an estimated value of $2.83 billion, was the largest
contributor to the value of minerals produced in 2007 (figure 2; table 1). In descending order of
value, those metals were copper, molybdenum, magnesium, and beryllium. The 2007 base-metal
value was about $58 million (2%) less than 2006, and is the first decrease in base-metal value
since 2002. Precious-metal production, valued at $322 million (figure 2; table 1), includes gold
(85% of total value) and silver (15% of total value). Precious-metal values in 2007 were $79
million (20%) lower than in 2006 - the first decrease in precious-metal value since 2003.
Kennecott Utah Copper Corporation’s (KUC) Bingham Canyon mine, located about 32
km (20 mi) southwest of Salt Lake City in Salt Lake County, is the state’s major producer of
copper, gold, and silver, and its sole producer of molybdenum. The combined value of minerals
produced from the Bingham Canyon mine in 2007 was about 63% of the total value of all
minerals produced statewide. KUC is in the fourth year of an aggressive mine life extension
program.
Copper

Copper was the largest contributor to the value of nonfuel minerals in Utah. Substantial
price increases, which began in 2003, raised the value of copper produced to a near all-time high,
and the value of base-metal production statewide to nearly $2.83 billion. The Bingham Canyon
mine produced about 211,000 mt (233,000 st) of copper in 2007, compared to the 268,000 mt
(296,000 st) produced in 2006. However, Rio Tinto stated that smelter and refinery production
was 21% higher in 2007 compared to 2006 when major scheduled maintenance was undertaken
on the smelter (Rio Tinto, 2008).

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 The Lisbon Valley Copper mine, located 72 km (45 mi) southeast of Moab in San Juan
County, began operating in December 2005, but the solvent extraction – electrowinning (SX-
EW) circuits did not start up until April 2006. The plant produced about 9,100 mt (10,000 st) of
copper in 2007. Production will likely decrease in 2008 as the mine strives to reduce costs.
Mining has been curtailed, but leaching will continue until the ore pad has been depleted.

Molybdenum

Molybdenum was the second-largest contributor to the value of Utah’s base-metal

production in 2007. Kennecott's Bingham Canyon mine produced about 14,900 mt (16,400 st) of
co-product molybdenum in 2007, compared to 16,000 mt (18,000 st) produced in 2006. Rio
Tinto reported that production of molybdenum was 11% lower than 2006 as a result of lower ore
grade and high limestone levels in the ore body (Rio Tinto, 2008). The decreased production of
molybdenum was largely offset by a 26% increase in molybdenum metal prices during the year.
The USGS reports that the Bingham Canyon mine was one of five domestic copper mines to
recover molybdenum as a byproduct. The USGS also reports that the total U.S. mine output of
molybdenum in concentrate decreased slightly in 2007 (Magyar, 2008).

Gold and Silver

Gold production in 2007 is estimated to be about 400,000 troy ounces (oz), about
100,000 oz less than in 2006. Gold is produced from two surface mines owned by Kennecott
Corporation: one primary producer (Barneys Canyon mine) and one byproduct operation
(Bingham Canyon mine), both located in Salt Lake County. Several other small mines in the
state are known to produce minor amounts of gold and silver, but production is not reported nor
included in the above totals. The Barneys Canyon mine exhausted its economic ore reserves in
late 2001 and ceased mining, but will continue to produce gold from its heap-leach pads at a
much-reduced rate into mid-2008, when those pads will be depleted. Silver is also a by-product
metal from the Bingham Canyon mine. Silver production was about 3.6 million oz in 2007
compared to more than 4.2 million oz in 2006.

Magnesium

Magnesium metal was the third-largest contributor to the value of base metals in 2007.
Magnesium metal is produced from Great Salt Lake brines by US Magnesium, LLC at its
electrolytic plant at Rowley in Tooele County. The plant’s annual capacity is 43,000 mt (47,000
st) of magnesium metal (99.8% purity). It is the only active primary magnesium processing
facility in the U.S. Magnesium production in 2007 was moderately higher than in 2006.
Average magnesium metal prices increased from $3.09/kg ($1.40/lb) in 2006 to $4.41/kg
($2.00/lb) in 2007 (Kramer, 2008).

Beryllium

Utah continues to be the nation's sole producer of beryllium concentrates. Brush

Resources has a beryllium (bertrandite) mine in Juab County. Ore and imported beryl can both
be processed through parallel circuits at the company's plant a few miles north of Delta in

5
Millard County. The product (beryllium hydroxide) is then sent to the company-owned refinery
and finishing plant in Elmore, Ohio, where it is converted into beryllium metal, alloys, and
oxide. The company reported mining approximately 58,000 mt (64,000 st) in 2007, in addition
to processing about 1100 mt (1200 st) of imported beryl ore. The company’s Monitor pit will
close in 2008 and production will begin at the new Fluro-Roadside pit.
In 2005, Brush Engineered Materials, Inc. (the parent company) was awarded a $9
million contract under the Department of Defense’s Defense Production Act, Title III Program.
The contract is for the engineering and design of a new facility for the production of primary
beryllium, the feedstock material used to produce beryllium metal products. The new facility, to
be owned and operated by Brush Engineered Materials, will be located at an existing plant site in
Elmore, Ohio. The company anticipates that the design and engineering will be completed and
construction could begin in 2008. Additional funding will be required prior to construction,
which will take two to three years (Brush Engineered Materials, 2008). Shedd (2008) estimated
that about 50% of beryllium use is in computer and telecommunications products, and the
remainder is used in aerospace and defense applications, appliances, automotive electronics,
industrial components, and other applications.

INDUSTRIAL-MINERALS PRODUCTION

Industrial-minerals production, with an estimated value of $921 million, an all-time high,

was the second-largest contributor to the value of minerals produced in 2007 (figure 2; table 1)
and was the only segment of Utah’s mineral industry to show an increase in value. The value of
industrial minerals has grown substantially over the past 10 years, increasing from $534 million
in 1998 to $921 million this past year, a 72% increase. Commodities or commodity groups that
have realized the majority of these gains include sand and gravel and crushed stone; Portland
cement and lime; salines, including salt, magnesium chloride, potash (potassium chloride), and
sulfate of potash (SOP); and phosphate rock. These commodities account for 89% of the total
value of Utah’s industrial minerals segment. Other commodities produced in Utah, in
descending order of value, include gilsonite, expanded shale, gypsum, common clay, bentonite,
and kaolinite. While the overall value of industrial minerals reached a record high, several
commodity groups, including Portland cement, phosphate, expanded shale, clay, and bentonite
experienced lower values due to lower production and/or lower commodity prices in 2007.

Sand and Gravel, and Crushed Stone

Sand and gravel, and crushed stone (including limestone and dolomite) were the largest
contributors to the value of industrial minerals produced in Utah during 2007, with an estimated
value of $318 million, about $99 million (45%) higher than in 2006. These materials are
produced in nearly every county in Utah by commercial operators as well as county, state, and
federal agencies. Due to the large number of operations (approximately 140 active pits and
quarries), the UGS does not send production questionnaires to this group. However, production
data are compiled by the USGS. Based on preliminary 2007 data (Tanner, 2008), the USGS
estimated that 2007 production will be 41.3 million mt (45.5 million st) of sand and gravel with a
value of $211 million, and 16.0 million mt (17.6 million st) of crushed stone with a value of
$107 million. Crushed stone production includes raw materials for both lime and cement plants.

6
This is a 9% increase in sand and gravel production and a 63% increase in the production of
crushed stone compared to 2006.

Salt, Magnesium Chloride, Potash (Potassium Chloride),

and Sulfate of Potash

Brine-derived products, including salt, were the second-largest contributors to the value
of industrial-mineral production in Utah during 2007, with a combined value of $247 million,
about $14 million (6%) more than in 2006. In addition to salt, brine-derived products include
magnesium chloride and potash (potassium chloride and potassium sulphate). One company
(North Shore Limited Partnership) produces a small amount of concentrated magnesium brine
that is used as an ingredient in mineral food supplements. The statewide production of salt and
other brine-derived products, excluding magnesium metal, is estimated to be 3.26 million mt
(3.59 million st) in 2007, slightly less than in 2006. Potash production (including SOP) is
estimated to be about 0.36 million mt (0.40 million st) in 2007, approximately 0.20 million mt
(0.22 million st) less than in 2006.
Salt production alone was estimated to be 2.49 million mt (2.75 million st) in 2007, about
the same as 2006, with most of the production coming from three operators processing brine
from Great Salt Lake. The three largest operators are, in descending order of production: (1)
Great Salt Lake Minerals Corporation, (2) Cargill Salt Company, and (3) Morton International.
In addition, three other companies produce salt and/or potash from operations not located on
Great Salt Lake: (1) Reilly Chemical Company at Wendover in Tooele County (salt and potash),
(2) Moab Salt, LLC near Moab in Grand County (salt and potash), and (3) Redmond Minerals,
Inc. near Redmond in Sanpete County (rock salt). In the past five years, Redmond Minerals has
increased production significantly as the result of an aggressive marketing campaign.

Portland Cement and Lime

Portland cement and lime were the third-largest contributors to the value of industrial
minerals produced in 2007, with a combined value of $236 million, about $2 million (1%) less
than in 2006. Two operators produce Portland cement in Utah: Holcim, Inc. and Ash Grove
Cement Company. Holcim's Devils Slide plant and mine are located east of Morgan in Morgan
County, and Ash Grove's Leamington plant and mine are east of Lynndyl in Juab County. The
companies have a combined capacity of more than 1.4 million mt (1.5 million st) of cement
annually. Both plants operated at or above capacity in 2007, with total production of about 1.5
million mt (1.7 million st). In addition to limestone, Ash Grove Cement mines a modest amount
of shale and sandstone that are used in the manufacture of cement.
Lime production was about 5% higher in 2007 than in 2006, with an estimated
production of about 853,000 mt (940,000 st). There are two suppliers of lime in Utah, with a
combined capacity of more than 0.9 million mt (1.0 million st) per year: Graymont Western U.S.,
Inc., which produces dolomitic quick lime and high-calcium quick lime; and Chemical Lime of
Arizona, Inc., which produces dolomitic quick lime and hydrated dolomitic lime. Both
operations serve markets in Utah and surrounding states. Graymont Western's plant is in the
Cricket Mountains, approximately 56 km (35 mi) southwest of Delta in Millard County, and is
one of the 10 largest lime plants in the United States. The addition of a fifth kiln to Graymont’s

7
Cricket Mountain plant will add about 500,000 mt (551,000 st) per year of capacity. Chemical
Lime of Arizona's plant is about 13 km (8 mi) northwest of Grantsville in Tooele County.
Statewide, DOGM lists 34 active limestone operations including 18 Large Mine and 16
Small Mine permits. Total limestone production reported in 2007 was 5.1 million mt (5.6
million st). Other uses of limestone include construction as well as flue-gas desulfurization in
coal-fired power plants. A small amount of limestone is also crushed to a fine powder and
marketed as “rock dust” to the coal mining industry.

Phosphate

Simplot Phosphates, LLC is Utah's only phosphate producer. The company’s phosphate
operation is 18 km (11 mi) north of Vernal in Uintah County. The mine produces roughly 2.7 to
3.6 million mt (3 to 4 million st) of ore annually, which is processed into 0.9 to 1.8 million mt (1
to 2 million st) of phosphate concentrate. The concentrate is transported in slurry form to the
company's Rock Springs, Wyoming, fertilizer plant via a 144-km (90-mile) underground
pipeline. During 2007, the mine produced about 3.4 million mt (3.7 million st) of ore, slightly
less than in 2006.

Gilsonite

Gilsonite production for 2007 is estimated to be about 77,000 mt (85,000 st), a slight
increase over 2006. Gilsonite is an unusual solid hydrocarbon that has been mined in Utah for
more than 100 years. Gilsonite is marketed worldwide for use in over 150 products ranging from
printing inks to explosives. All of the gilsonite mines are located in southeastern Uintah County.
The three companies that produce gilsonite, in descending order of production, are (1) American
Gilsonite Company, (2) Lexco, Inc., and (3) Zeigler Chemical and Minerals Company. Gilsonite
production has been increasing modestly over the past several years.

Expanded Shale and Perlite

Only one company, Utelite, Inc. produced lightweight “expanded” products from shale
for use primarily in the construction and building industries. Mine production was about 181,000
mt (200,000 st) in 2007, a slight increase from 2006. Utelite’s shale plant and mine is east of the
town of Wanship in Summit County. Harborlite Mineral’s perlite mine is about 40 km (25 mi)
north and east of the town of Milford in Beaver County, and the plant is located in Milford. The
plant and mine were shut down in mid-2006 and remain inactive. Harborlite’s parent company,
World Minerals, Inc., was sold to Imerys Group, a major worldwide industrial minerals company
based in France, in 2005.

Common Clay, Bentonite, and High-Alumina Clay

More than 434,000 mt (478,000 st) of common clay and approximately 57,000 mt
(63,000 st) of bentonite were produced by 10 companies in 2007. Statewide, there were 23
active mine permits held by common clay, bentonite, and high-alumina clay operators in 2007.
Many of these mines operate intermittently. The two largest producers of common clay in 2007
were Interstate Brick Company and Interpace Industries (also a brick producer). Two companies

8
(Western Clay Company and Redmond Minerals, Inc.) produce bentonite from pits located in
central Utah. Sandy Nell produces a high-alumina clay from a pit in Beaver County. More than
75% of all common clay is used in the manufacture of brick. Bentonite is used as a sealant in
many civil engineering applications, as a pet-waste absorbent (litter-box filler), as a component
of oil and gas drilling fluids, and as a binder in foundry molds. High-alumina clays are currently
only being used in the manufacture of Portland cement.

Gypsum

Five companies produced about 370,000 mt (408,000 st) of gypsum in 2007, about
96,000 mt (106,000 st) less than in 2006. In descending order of production, the three largest
producers were (1) U.S. Gypsum Company, (2) Sunroc Corporation (Clyde Companies), and (3)
Georgia Pacific Gypsum. Georgia Pacific Gypsum and U.S. Gypsum operate the only two
wallboard plants in Utah. Both plants are near the town of Sigurd in Sevier County. The
Georgia Pacific plant, which closed in 2002, reopened in 2006 and is operating on a full-time
basis. Statewide, there are 10 active gypsum mines; six reported production in 2007. Most
gypsum produced in Utah is used for making wallboard, but several operators supply raw
gypsum to regional cement companies where it is used as an additive to retard the setting time of
cement, and to the agricultural industry for use as a soil conditioner. The decreased production
of gypsum is likely related to the downturn of the housing industry.

ENERGY MINERALS PRODUCTION

Coal

Utah’s coal operators produced 22.0 million mt (24.3 million st) of coal valued at $574
million from 13 underground mines in 2007 (figures 2 and 4; table 1). This production was 1.7
million mt (1.9 million st), or 7% less than in 2006. All of the mines and coal-related facilities
are located in east-central Utah (figure 5). Utah’s synfuel plant, DTE Utah Synfuels, LLC, the
only synfuel facility west of the Mississippi River, is located at the Castle Valley (CV) railroad
spur southeast of Price. The plant operated full time in 2007, and processed slightly more than
1.8 million mt (2 million st) of high-ash coal purchased from several local coal operators. The
DTE plant, which produces a solid synthetic product that is used in cogeneration, industrial, and
traditional coal-fired power plants, closed in late December because of the loss of synfuel tax
credits. Covol Technologies’ Wellington air-sparge processing plant that began operating in
December 2005 continued to process coal during 2007. Covol Technologies is a subsidiary of
Headwaters, Inc., and the plant is rated at about 226 mt (250 st) per hour. The plant is located
just south of the CV spur. Arch Coal Company’s new (2006) Castle Valley coal preparation
plant operated on an as-needed basis in 2007, and processed coal from the company’s Skyline
and Dugout mines. The plant is located along the CV spur and has the capacity to process up to
1.8 million mt (2.0 million st) of coal per year.
The largest coal producer was the Sufco mine, operated by Canyon Fuel Company, LLC,
which produced 6.1 million mt (6.7 million st) of coal in 2007. In addition, the following four
mines each produced in excess of 1.8 million mt (2.0 million st) of coal: (1) Aberdeen, operated
by UtahAmerican Energy, Inc. (formerly Andalex Resources); (2) Deer Creek, operated by

9
Figure 4. Utah’s annual coal production and value from 1998 through 2007.

Figure 5. Location and status of central Utah’s coal mines and processing plants. Data from
DOGM files.

10
Energy West Mining Company (Rocky Mountain Energy); (3) Dugout Canyon, operated by
Canyon Fuel Company, LLC; and (4) West Ridge, operated by West Ridge Resources.
Following the Crandall Canyon mine disaster in August 2007, the Crandall Canyon mine,
operated by UtahAmerican Energy, Inc. was permanently closed. UtahAmerican Energy’s Lila
Canyon mine received all of its required permits late in 2007, and some site work was initiated
(figure 5). The surge in oil and gas prices that began in the fall of 2003 has positively affected
coal prices and production, which are both anticipated to increase in 2008. Approximately 60%
of Utah’s coal was consumed in state by three electric utilities in 2007.

EXPLORATION AND DEVELOPMENT ACTIVITY

Mineral exploration and development work increased in Utah again during 2007 due to
the continuing dramatic run up in world commodity prices from the all-time low in 2001 to the
current near record highs. Most efforts in Utah were focused on copper, molybdenum, gold,
silver, zinc, and uranium. The information in this section is largely derived from numerous
individual company websites and press releases. The locations of the projects and mining
districts discussed below are shown on figure 6.

Figure 6. Major base- and precious-metals, and uranium exploration districts and areas in Utah in 2007.

11
 Claims, Leases, and Mine Permits

The number of unpatented mining claims filed in Utah has risen dramatically from a low
of 508 in 2001 to over 15,000 in 2007. The majority of the new claims in 2007 were staked for
uranium. San Juan County recorded the most mining claims again this year with 4896, followed
by Grand, Emery, Wayne, and Garfield Counties, all with over 1100 claims each (Opie Abeyta,
Utah BLM, written communication, 2008).
The Utah School and Institutional Trust Lands Administration (SITLA), which manages
about 1.4 million hectares (3.4 million acres) of state-owned lands in Utah, reported issuing
leases and/or contracts on 273 tracts in 2007. These were divided among the following
commodities: metalliferous minerals-176, geothermal-41, sand and gravel-23, building stone-8,
mineral materials-6, bituminous/asphaltic sands-4, gemstone/fossil-4, humic shale-3, limestone-
3, clay-2, gypsum-2, coal-1, oil shale-1, and volcanic materials-1 (William Stokes, SITLA,
written communication, 2008). Utah Trust assets grew by a record $210 million in 2007 and
have surpassed $1 billion for the first time.
During 2007, DOGM approved 11 new Large Mine permits (greater than 2 ha [5 acres]
disturbance), 21 Small Mine permits (less than 2 ha [5 acres] disturbance), and 27 Notices of
Intent (exploration) permits. Eight of the new Large Mine permits were for industrial minerals
operations, and one each was for copper, uranium, and gemstone (red beryl) operations. The 21
Small Mine permit applications were for the following: industrial minerals-18 and precious-
metals-3. Exploration Notices of Intent were dominated by uranium-19, followed by base
metals-4, precious metal-2, and industrial minerals-2.

Base Metals

Base metals had another strong year in Utah, buoyed by near record metal prices: the
Bingham Canyon mine produced exceptional profits, the Lisbon Valley copper mine produced
for a full year, another copper operation near Milford is poised to begin production in 2008, and
exploration is ongoing in numerous other districts across the state.

Bingham Canyon

Kennecott Utah Copper Corporation's (KUC) Bingham Canyon mine earned $1.6 billion
in 2007, down slightly from a record $1.8 billion in 2006, on increased copper, gold, and silver
prices and a continued strong molybdenum price. Bingham remains the U.S.’s second largest
producer of both copper and molybdenum. KUC is in the fourth year of an aggressive
development program with current efforts concentrated on extending the mine life from the
current plan of 2017 to 2036. Alternatives being studied include additional open-pit laybacks
and/or various underground options. A pre-feasibility study of skarn and porphyry targets will
be completed in 2008.
Exploration efforts in 2007 included drilling 38 diamond holes totaling 29,000 m (95,000
feet). Significant results included expansion of the known molybdenum and copper-gold mineral
resources. Development work at Bingham Canyon included re-excavation of the North Ore
Shoot shaft collar, which was buried by the canyon dump, and the driving of a horseshoe-shaped
drainage tunnel from near the bottom of the pit to the north and west. The North Ore Shoot shaft
will be refurbished in 2008. An $82 million project at the mill to improve the bulk flotation

12
process, begun in 2004, will be completed in the second quarter of 2008 (Kim Schroeder, written
communication, 2008).
Brownfield exploration at Bingham Canyon continued with induced polarization (IP)
surveying and geochemical sampling southwest of the pit on West Mountain. This work resulted
in the recognition of a large phase IP anomaly with coincident Cu-Au surface geochemical
anomalies. Exploration drilling is planned for 2008.

Lisbon Valley Copper

The Lisbon Valley Mining Company began mining and stacking the leach pads in 2005,
and plant construction at the new open-pit, heap leach, SX-EW copper operation was completed
in 2006. Copper mineralization at Lisbon Valley occurs as disseminated and fracture-controlled
copper in Cretaceous sandstones along the nose of a salt-cored anticline. The operation has
continued to endure startup problems throughout 2007 as it attempted to ramp up to full
production. Fundamentally, the recovery of copper from the pads has been substantially slower
than anticipated. Despite efforts to increase production, the operation has continued to
underachieve, so mining will be suspended in early 2008. Approximately 35 million pounds of
copper will have been placed on the leach pads by the time that mining is halted and leaching of
this material is expected to continue for the next one to three years. 2007 production was about
9000 mt (10,000 st) of copper.
Exploration by Lisbon Valley in 2007 focused on evaluating the Flying Diamond -
Stateline resource, discovered under cover a few miles southeast of their open-pit operation.
Drilling in 2007 included 16 new holes totaling 1287 m (4220 feet). These holes were generally
laid out in northeast-trending fence patterns perpendicular to the ore-controlling east splay of the
Lisbon Valley fault, and helped define a mineralized zone approaching 3050 m (10,000 feet)
long by about 152 m (500 feet) wide and about 15 m (50 feet) thick with grades of approximately
0.4% Cu. Because of the problems at the mining operation, exploration drilling was suspended
in October 2007 (Constellation Copper Corp., 2007).

Rocky-Beaver Lake

Western Utah Copper Company (WUCC) controls about 37,200 ha (92,000 acres) in the
Milford area and has been actively exploring the Rocky and Beaver Lake mining districts for the
past several years. The districts host seven partially defined copper skarn and breccia pipe
deposits. Current proven ore reserves total approximately 2.2 million mt (2.4 million st)
averaging 1.38% total copper with possible gold-silver credits. In 2007, WUCC obtained a
Large Mine permit from DOGM, stripped overburden from the Hidden Treasure copper skarn,
and began construction of a 2270 mt per day (2500-tpd) flotation mill (Western Utah Copper
Company, 2007). In January 2008, WUCC was acquired by Copper King Mining Corporation.

Inland Explorations

Inland Explorations Ltd. was formed in 2006 specifically to conduct base metal
exploration in Utah. The company has aggressively pursued a grassroots exploration program
and has acquired four properties to date: 1) Dugway, 2) Keg, 3) Thompson Knoll, and 4) Dunes
(Sand Mountain). The most advanced target is a Cu-Pb-Zn-Au-Ag carbonate-hosted

13
replacement deposit on the southwest flank of the Dugway district. Inland has run a detailed
aeromagnetic survey, collected 240 surface rock chip samples, and drilled 1144 m (3752 feet) in
four preliminary diamond holes. Surface samples have assayed up to 2.9% Cu, 10.9% Zn,
14.6% Pb, 285 ppm Ag, 12.8 ppm Au, and 168 ppm Mo. Mineralization at Dugway is
associated with high magnetic susceptibilities and a 3-D magnetic model will be used to
delineate drill targets in 2008.
The target at the Keg property is a porphyry/skarn deposit. Surface rock-chip samples
assay up to 4.7% Cu, 3.8% Pb, 0.5% Zn, 0.26% Mo, 123 ppm Ag, and 0.6 ppm Au. Geophysical
surveys include a detailed aeromagnetic survey 85 km2 (33 mi2), a spontaneous
potential/resistivity survey 3.6 km2 (1.4 mi2), and one long IP line 5.5 km (3.4 mi). Results of
geophysics and surface geochemistry indicate several coincident anomalies. A drilling program
is scheduled to begin in 2008.
Thompson Knoll lies in the Confusion Range of west-central Utah. The targets here are
both base- and precious-metal skarn and sediment-hosted gold similar to that in the adjoining
Kings Canyon deposit. Geophysical surveys completed include a detailed ground magnetic
survey (20 km2) and several IP lines (16 line km). The ground magnetic survey defined a
sizeable magnetic high representing a buried intrusive. Surface samples indicate that the
intrusive is associated with base and precious metal mineralization, with assays up to 2.2% Pb,
0.4% Zn, 50 ppm Mo, 16 ppm Ag, and 0.8 ppm Au. Combined magnetic and IP/resistivity
results suggest a possible skarn target and an area of silicification and gold mineralization.
Drilling is planned on both of these targets in the coming year.
A fourth property at Dunes is a base and precious metal massive sulfide replacement
target associated with gently dipping structures. Twenty-six (26) surface samples assayed up to
1.3% Cu, 1.4% Pb, 0.3% Zn, 318 ppm Ag, and 1.3 ppm Au. Geophysical surveys, including
ground magnetic lines and IP lines, are in progress (Margaret Venable, personal communication,
2008).

Crypto

Lithic Resources Ltd. acquired the Crypto zinc skarn in the Fish Springs mining district
of western Juab County in 2005 (Lithic Resources Ltd., 2007). A 1993 Cyprus Minerals
Company estimate shows a shallow oxide resource of 2.8 million mt (3.1 million st) averaging
7.0% zinc and a deep sulfide resource of 5.4 million mt (6 million st) averaging 8.8% zinc. In
2007, Lithic began a planned 10,000-m (33,000-foot) core drilling program aimed at confirming
and expanding the historical zinc resource at Crypto. At the end of the year, five holes had been
completed for a total of 1297 m (4255 feet) of drilling. Reported intercepts ranged up to 12.2 m
(40 feet) of 21% Zn oxide; Zn sulfide intercepts of 17.3 m (57 feet) grading 27.3% Zn; and 30 m
(98.5 feet) grading 17.93% Zn with minor copper. Drilling is continuing through the first part of
2008, and additional targets include an IP anomaly, high-grade silver-lead mineralization in the
vicinity of the historic Utah mine, and deep molybdenum mineralization associated with the
Crypto intrusive. The drill program will be followed by preliminary metallurgical test work and
an updated resource estimate (Chris Staargaard, personal communication, 2008).

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Stockton

Kennecott Exploration’s Stockton porphyry copper deposit, about 16 km (10 mi)

southwest of Bingham, was acquired by Geoinformatics Exploration, Inc. Stockton hosts a
previously estimated resource of approximately 172 million mt (190 million st) at 0.41% Cu and
0.14 ppm Au beginning at a depth of about 225 m (740 feet). The best previous hole ran 277.4
m (910 feet) averaging 0.39% copper and 0.13 ppm gold. Geoinformatics has continued drilling
at Stockton (Geoinformatics Exploration, Inc., 2007). Stephanie Murillo is completing a M.S.
thesis on the district under Dr. William Chavez at the New Mexico Institute of Mining and
Technology.

Southwest Tintic

Quaterra Resources, Inc. acquired about 1300 ha (3200 acres) of patented and unpatented
mining claims covering the Southwest Tintic porphyry copper system. The property hosts a
known resource of approximately 360 mt (400 million st) of 0.33% Cu and 0.01% Mo. Quaterra
plans drilling in 2008 (Quaterra Resources, Inc., 2007).

Iron Springs

Palladon Iron Corporation acquired the Iron Mountain property (former Comstock-
Mountain Lion open-pit), which hosts an estimated resource of 16 million mt (18 million st)
averaging 52% Fe. The ore occurs as massive replacement/skarn deposits adjacent to Miocene
laccoliths. Palladon spent 2007 drilling a series of condemnation/water monitoring holes (558 m
[1830 feet] total) at the future mill site and installing a power substation. The proposed plant is a
2-million-mt (2.2-million-st) per year mill/concentrator (Palladon Ventures Ltd., 2007).

Miscellaneous Base-Metal Developments

In other base metal developments in Utah: (1) Chief Consolidated Mining Company is
applying for permits for renewed operations at the Burgin Pb-Zn mine in the East Tintic district,
(2) RTM Exploration and Holdings LLC controls about 777 ha (1920 acres) of sediment-hosted
Cu-Mo prospects in the Uinta Basin, (3) Great Western Minerals Group Ltd. acquired an
extensive (17,094 ha [42,240 acre]) rare earth heavy mineral sand deposit in western Juab
County, and (4) Unico, Inc. continued work on the Deer Trail Zn-Pb-Ag mine near Marysvale in
central Utah.
The construction of a titanium sponge plant adjacent to U.S. Magnesium’s magnesium
facility on the west shore of Great Salt Lake will add incremental demand for magnesium and
begin a new era in metal processing in the state.

Precious Metals

Near record prices for precious metals over the past year significantly increased the level
of gold and silver exploration activity in Utah. These efforts are largely focused in the eastern
Basin and Range Province of western Utah.

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Silver Dome

The Silver Dome property in the southern Fish Springs district has never been drill tested.
The 2023 ha (5000 acres) property was acquired by Cordex for Columbus Gold Corporation
(Columbus Gold Corporation, 2007). Silver mineralization at Silver Dome is hosted in flat-lying
Ordovician sandstones. Initial work has identified mineralization, typically assaying from 15 to
100 ppm silver, in a zone measuring 1000 by 100 m (3300 by 330 feet) along the edge of post-
mineral cover. The target at Silver Dome is bulk-mineable silver mineralization amenable to
open-pit development. Several lines of IP were completed this year and a National Instrument
(NI) 43-101 report is being prepared. Permitting is in progress for a 27-hole drilling program to
begin in May 2008 (Andy Wallace, written communication, 2008).

Keg

The Keg project is another silver property acquired by Cordex and Columbus Gold. This
405 ha (1000 acre) property covers an area of stockwork quartz veining in a window of quartzite
surrounded by Tertiary volcanic rocks and alluvium. Mapping, sampling, and a ground magnetic
survey have been completed and an excavator trenching program is planned for spring 2008
(Andy Wallace, written communication, 2008).

Gold Hill

Dumont Nickel, Inc. continued its exploration efforts in the Gold Hill mining district in
southwestern Tooele County. The Rattler project, a sediment-hosted gold system on the
northwestern portion of Dumont’s property, was tested by five holes totaling 233 m (765 feet) in
2007. The best hole cut 16.8 m (55 feet) of calcareous siltstone averaging 0.23 ppm Au (Dumont
Nickel, Inc., 2007).

Confusion Range

Maestro Ventures acquired the Kings Canyon sediment-hosted gold property in

southwestern Millard County. The property was explored in the early 1990s, primarily by
Crown Resources. The property contains several gold zones with the largest defined resource
holding about 6.2 million mt (6.8 million st) averaging 1 ppm gold. Maestro completed 463 m
(1518 feet) of confirmatory core drilling in a five hole program. The best hole (KCC07-02) cut
an interval of 15.5 m (51 feet) averaging 1.02 ppm Au (Maestro Ventures Ltd., 2007).

Bingham District

Grand Central Silver Mines, Inc. drilled 13 reverse circulation holes totaling 5262 m
(17,265 feet) on a 46 ha (114 acre) tract on the western fringe of the Bingham mining district in
2006-07. The best drill intersection was 7.6 m (25 feet) of 2.06 ppm Au. A NI 43-101 technical
report is pending.

16
 Drum Mountains

Copper King Mining Corporation initially acquired about 486 ha (1200 acres) of mostly
patented mining claims in the Drum (Detroit) mining district; historically one of the largest gold
producing districts in Utah. Copper King later acquired an additional 445 ha (1100 acres) of
unpatented claims in the district through the merger with WUCC, giving Copper King a large
land package including some previously defined small gold resources.

Miscellaneous Precious-Metal Developments

In other precious metal developments: (1) Newmont Mining Corp. staked about 145
claims in the Stateline Au-Ag district of Iron County, (2) Miranda Gold Corporation staked
about 190 claims on the Lookout Pass sediment-hosted gold property in southeastern Tooele
County, and (3) Astral Mining Corp. controls about 997 ha (2464 acres) in the Gold Springs
district of Iron County.

Uranium

The dramatic rise in the price of uranium since 2001 has substantially impacted
exploration and development activity in Utah. Historically, Utah has been the third largest
uranium producing state. The majority of the uranium work in Utah has focused on the Colorado
Plateau (Gloyn and others, 2005), where the Pandora mine, near La Sal, was the first mine to
reopen. The following paragraphs report the major uranium events in Utah in 2007 with
miscellaneous uranium activities summarized in table 2.

Table 2. 2007 Uranium projects in Utah organized by county and district in alphabetical order.

County District Property Company Progress

Beaver Newton Newton Dumont Nickel, Inc. 12,000 acres acquired
Emery Cedar Mountain Cedar Mountain Magnum Uranium Corp. Resource: 1.5M st at 0.05% U3O8
Emery Delta Hidden Splendor Bluerock Resources Ltd. Resource: 37,000 st at 0.25% U3O8
Emery San Rafael BBP Bluerock Resources Ltd. 5778 acres acquired
Emery San Rafael Big Muddy Magnum Uranium Corp. 1160 acres acquired
Emery San Rafael River Green River South Uranium Power 14,405 feet drilled in 21 holes, including 5
feet @ 1.22% U3O8
Emery San Rafael River I-70 USA Uranium Corp. 720 acres acquired
Emery San Rafael River Sahara Uranium One, Inc. Resource: 109,000 st at 0.23% U3O8
Emery San Rafael River San Rafael Magnum Uranium Corp. - 15 drill holes, totaling 9,150 feet, including
Uranium One, Inc. 6.5 feet at 0.9% U3O8
Emery San Rafael River Sinbad Target Exploration & Mining 15 hole, 3300-foot drilling program
Emery San Rafael Swell Family Butte Utah Uranium Corp. 2075 acres acquired
Emery San Rafael Swell Four Corners International Ranger Corp. 47,120 acres acquired
Garfield Henry Mtn. Frank M Uranium One, Inc. Resource: 1.5 M st at 0.12% U3O8
Garfield Henry Mtn. Henry Trigon Uranium Corp. 4 holes completed, 6080 feet
Garfield Henry Mtn. Henry South Trigon Uranium Corp. 30,600 acres acquired
Garfield Henry Mtn. Little Egypt Magnum Uranium Corp. 1180 acres acquired

17
County District Property Company Progress
Garfield Henry Mtn. Loa USA Uranium Corp. 2360 acres acquired
Garfield Henry Mtn. Tony M Denison Mines Corp. Rehabilitation/permitting of a 5.3 million
pound U3O8 resource
Garfield Orange Cliffs Hot Rocks International Ranger Corp. 5661 acres acquired
Garfield Orange Cliffs PSC Bluerock Resources Ltd. 700 acres acquired, 1231 feet drilled
Grand Beaver Mesa Whirlwind Energy Fuels, Inc. Resource: 164,000 st at 0.20% U3O8 and
0.66% V2O5
Grand Thompson Thompson Golden State Resources Ltd. 6680 acres acquired
Piute Marysvale Koorsharem International Ranger Corp. 120 acres acquired
Piute Marysvale Marysvale Trigon Uranium Corp. 6489 feet in 16 holes, including 5 feet of
0.39% U3O8
Piute Marysvale Marysvale Magnum Uranium Corp. 640 acres acquired
San Juan La Sal Browns Hole USA Uranium Corp. 1260 acres acquired
San Juan La Sal Energy Queen Energy Fuels, Inc. Resource: 178,150 st at 0.22% U3O8 and
(Hecla Shaft) 0.86% V2O5
San Juan La Sal La Sal Vane Minerals LLC 80 acres acquired
San Juan La Sal La Sal West USA Uranium Corp. 2200 acres acquired
San Juan La Sal La Sal West Lifespan, Inc. Old uranium mine
San Juan La Sal North Alice Extension Vane Minerals LLC 17 holes, includes 6.5 feet at 0.22% U3O8
San Juan La Sal Pandora Denison Mines Corp. Mining about 100 st per day; 1.3 million
pound U3O8 reserve
San Juan La Sal RAD Mesa Uranium Corp. Four ~1000-foot holes completed
San Juan La Sal Wray Mesa Trigon Uranium Corp. 10,000 acres acquired
San Juan La Sal Wray Mesa Homeland Uranium, Inc. 6000 acres acquired
San Juan Lisbon Valley Dar Mesa Uranium Corp. 1000 acre property
San Juan Lisbon Valley Lisbon mine Mesa Uranium Corp. 22 holes (~60,000 feet), including 3.5 feet
at 0.28% U3O8
San Juan Lisbon Valley Locuist Anglo Canadian Uranium 780 acres acquired
San Juan Lisbon Valley North Alice Mesa Uranium Corp. Three holes completed
San Juan Lisbon Valley Velvet Uranium One, Inc. Resource: 306,164 st at 0.34% U3O8
San Juan White Canyon Daneros Golden State Resources Ltd. 210,000 st resource at 0.3% U3O8; 8 holes
including 8.5 feet @ 0.84%
San Juan White Canyon Geitus Golden State Resources Ltd. Resource: ~40,000 st at 0.3% U3O8
San Juan White Canyon Happy Jack Vane Minerals LLC Old uranium mine
San Juan White Canyon Red Canyon Trigon Uranium Corp. 5000 acres acquired
San Juan White Canyon Whale Utah Uranium Corp. 660 acres acquired
Wayne Henry Mtn. Henry Mountain Utah Uranium Corp. 2000 acres acquired
Wayne Henry Mtn. Pinto Utah Uranium Corp. 6800 acres acquired

Denison Mines

Denison Mines Corp. owns the White Mesa uranium mill near Blanding, the Pandora
mine, and the Henry Mountains mining complex. These properties were acquired from
International Uranium Corporation in late 2006. In 2007, the 1800 mt (2000 st) per day, dual-
circuit (uranium-vanadium) White Mesa mill continued processing alternate feed nuclear waste

18
materials, while ore from the Pandora mine was trucked to the mill and stockpiled. The
company began a $21 million upgrade to the mill, which is expected to produce more than 1.36
million kg (3 million pounds) of U3O8 and 2 million kg (4.5 million pounds) of V2O5 annually by
2010. The mill is expected to switch from alternate feed waste material to ore in early 2008.
The mill is also accepting ore from other companies for toll milling.
In late 2006, Denison’s Pandora mine, in the eastern La Sal district, resumed uranium
production. In 2007, Pandora produced approximately 32,650 mt (36,000 st) of ore, which was
shipped about 110 km (70 mi) south to the White Mesa mill. Reserves at the Pandora mine are
estimated at 263,000 mt (290,000 st) at 0.22% U3O8.
Denison Mines’ Henry Mountains Complex (Tony M mine and Bullfrog properties) in
the Shootaring Canyon district host the largest known uranium resource in Utah, estimated at
about 2.9 million mt (3.2 million st) averaging 0.28% U3O8 and an existing stockpile of 200,000
mt (220,000 st) of 0.138% U3O8. The mine is being rehabilitated while the final permits for the
mining operation are pending from the U.S. Bureau of Land Management. Mining is scheduled
to resume in 2008 and production is expected to ramp up to about 9070 mt (10,000 st) per month
(Denison Mines Corp., 2007).

Energy Fuels, Inc.

Energy Fuels, Inc. is exploring and rehabilitating other historical uranium mines. The
Whirlwind mine, on Beaver Mesa along the Utah-Colorado border about 45 km (28 mi)
northeast of Moab, is scheduled to begin producing in 2008 (Energy Fuels, Inc., 2007). This is
an interesting operation because, while much of the underground mining occurs in Utah, the
portal and surface facilities are a mile to the east in Colorado. The Whirlwind resource is about
149,000 mt (164,000 st) of ore averaging 0.20% U3O8 and 0.66% V2O5. Energy Fuels
anticipates mining 180 mt (200 st) per day.
Energy Fuels also acquired the 284 ha (702 acre) Hecla Shaft property, near La Sal in
2007. The renamed Energy Queen mine has an estimated resource of 161,000 mt (178,000 st) of
ore averaging 0.22% U3O8 and 0.86% V2O5, and an existing 229-m (750-foot), lined shaft.
Rehabilitation is underway for a 180-mt (200-st) per day operation starting in 2008.

Uranium One

Uranium One, Inc. acquired the uranium assets of the U.S. Energy Corp. in 2006 and
Energy Metals in 2007. The properties include the (1) Velvet property (210,000 mt [231,000 st]
averaging 0.43% U3O8) in the Lisbon Valley district, (2) Frank M resource (1.36 million mt [1.5
million st] averaging 0.12% U3O8) in the Shootaring Canyon district, (3) San Rafael property
(587,000 mt [647,000 st]) averaging 0.16% U3O8) in the Green River area, and (4) Sahara mine
(99,000 mt [109,000 st] averaging 0.23% U3O8) in the San Rafael River uranium district.
Uranium One also owns the Shootaring Canyon (Ticaboo) uranium mill in the Henry
Mountains district. This 680 mt (750 st) per day mill is currently being re-permitted for
operation (Uranium One Inc., 2007).

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 OUTLOOK

The overall value of mineral production in Utah is expected to be higher in 2008 because
of anticipated higher base- and precious-metal production and higher average metal prices,
increased coal production and prices, and a revived and growing uranium industry. Industrial-
mineral production is expected to be flat or slightly lower due to the downturn in housing
construction, which affects many industrial mineral operators and manufacturers. This downturn
may also lower some industrial-mineral prices. The value of coal will increase as production and
prices are expected to increase as new contracts at significantly higher prices replace existing
contracts. One new coal mine that is under construction will add several million tons to Utah’s
annual coal production once the mine reaches capacity. The re-opening of Denison Mines’
Pandora uranium mine and the switchover of Denison’s White Mesa uranium mill from
processing alternate feed waste material to uranium ore signals the rebirth of Utah’s uranium
industry. Several uranium mines and a second uranium mill are in the process of being
permitted, rehabilitated, and returned to operation. The construction of a titanium sponge plant
adjacent to U.S. Magnesium’s magnesium facility on the west shore of Great Salt Lake will add
incremental demand for magnesium and begin a new era in metal processing in the state.
Magnesium is used in the processing of imported titanium-bearing minerals (titanium
tetrachloride). Metal prices remained resilient in 2007 and several metals were at their peak as
the year ended. From all indications, most metal prices will be higher in 2008.

NEW MINERALS INFORMATION

The following publications provide new information on the mineral resources of Utah.
These and others publications are available through the Utah Department of Natural Resources
Map and Bookstore <http://mapstore.utah.gov/>. Additional geographic information system
(GIS) data on Utah is available for free download at
<http://geology.utah.gov/databases/index.htm> and <http://agrc.its.state.ut.us/>.
Central Utah – Diverse geology of a dynamic landscape, UGA Publication 36, is a
book/CD. The CD contains five papers on mineral resources, including articles on the Covenant
oil field, Farnham Dome oil field, central Utah thrust belt exploration play, uranium production
at Marysvale, and mining districts of the Marysvale volcanic field.
An annotated bibliography of Utah tar sands and related information was published by
the Utah Geological survey as Open-file Report 503 (Gwynn and Hanson, 2007). Bryce Tripp
(2007) authored a paper on the “Utah Industrial Rocks and Minerals – Geology, Mining, and
Recent Developments”, which was published in the Colorado Geological Survey’s Resource
Series 46 (on CD).

RECLAMATION AND THE ENVIRONMENT

The U.S. Department of Energy and the State of Utah agreed in 2005 to move the 10.8
million mt (11.9 million st) of uranium mill tailings (Atlas mill) located along the Colorado
River near Moab. The tailings are estimated to average about 100 parts per million (ppm)
uranium and 400 ppm vanadium (Don Metzler, personal communication, 2007). The tailings

20
will be moved 48 km (30 mi) north to a site near Crescent Junction. Disposal cell construction at
Crescent Junction is not expected to begin before 2009.

REFERENCES

Brush Engineered Materials, Inc., 2008, 10-K annual report, Online,

<http://ir.shareholder.com/bw/edgar.cfm?dtype=10k>, accessed March 7, 2008.

Columbus Gold Corp., 2007, Online, <http://www.columbusgoldcorp.com/s/Home.asp>, various

pages accessed during 2007.

Constellation Copper Corp., 2007, Online, <http://www.constellationcopper.com/>, various

pages accessed during 2007.

Denison Mines Corp., 2007, Online, <http://www.denisonmines.com/>, various pages accessed

during 2007.

Dumont Nickel, Inc., 2007, Online, <http://www.dumontnickel.com/>, various pages accessed

during 2007.

Energy Fuels, Inc., 2007, Online, <http://www.energyfuels.com/>, various pages accessed during
2007.

Energy Information Administration, 2007, Annual Coal Report, Table 1, Coal Production and
Number of Mines by State and Mine Type, Online,
<http://www.eia.doe.gov/cneaf/coal/page/acr/acr_sum.html>, accessed March 2, 2007.

Geoinformatics Exploration Inc., 2007, Online, <http://www.geoinformex.com/index.html>,

various pages accessed during 2007.

Gloyn, R.W., Bon, R.L., Wakefield, S.I., and Krahulec, K.A., 2005, Uranium and vanadium map
of Utah: Utah Geological Survey Map 215DM, scale 1:750,000, compact disk.

Gwynn, J.W., and Hanson, F.V., 2007, Annotated bibliography of Utah tar sands and related
information: Utah Geological Survey Open-File Report 503, 115 p.

Kramer, D.A., 2008, Magnesium metal: U.S. Geological Survey Mineral Commodity Summaries
2008, p. 102-103.

Lithic Resources Ltd., 2007, Online, <http://www.lithicresources.com/>, various pages accessed

during 2007.

Maestro Ventures Ltd., 2007, Online, <http://www.maestroventures.com/>, various pages

accessed during 2007.

21
Magyar, M.J., 2008, Molybdenum: U.S. Geological Survey Mineral Commodity Summaries
2008, p. 112-113.

Palladon Ventures Ltd., 2007, Online, <http://www.palladonventures.com/s/Home.asp>, various

pages accessed during 2007.

Quaterra Resources Inc., 2007, Online, <http://www.quaterraresources.com/>, various pages

accessed during 2007.

Rio Tinto, 2008, Preliminary Results 2007, p. 13-14, Online,

<http://www.riotinto.com/response/documents/PR616g_Rio_Tinto_preliminary_results_
2007.pdf>, accessed March 6, 2008.

Shedd, K.B., 2008, Beryllium: U.S. Geological Survey Mineral Commodity Summaries 2008, p.
34-35.

Tanner, Arnold, 2008, Utah-Unpublished preliminary data and production rankings: U.S.
Geological Survey Mineral Industry Survey.

Tripp, B.T., 2007, Utah industrial rocks and minerals – geology, mining, and recent
developments in Cappa, J.A., editor, Proceedings of the 43rd Forum on the Geology of
Industrial Minerals: Colorado Geological Survey Resource Series 46 (on CD), p. 219-
256.

U.S. Geological Survey, 2008, U.S. Geological Survey Mineral Commodity Summaries 2008,
p.10.

Uranium One Inc., 2007, Online, <http://www.uranium1.com/>, various pages accessed during
2007.

Western Utah Copper Company, 2007, Online,<http://www.westernutahcopper.com/>, various

pages accessed during the last quarter 2007.

22