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Chapter 1 Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 3 Chapter 1 Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 4
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A Modern Approach to Systems
Introduction (Cont.)
Analysis and Design
Application Software 1950s: focus on efficient automation of
existing processes
Computer software designed to support
1960s: advent of procedural third
organizational functions or processes
generation languages (3GL) faster and
Systems Analyst more reliable computers
Organizational role most responsible for 1970s: system development becomes
analysis and design of information systems more like an engineering discipline
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Systems Development Life Standard and Evolutionary Views
Cycle (SDLC) of SDLC
Traditional methodology used to develop,
maintain, and replace information systems
Phases in SDLC:
Planning
Analysis
Design
Implementation
FIGURE 1-3 Evolutionary model
Maintenance FIGURE 1-2
Systems development life cycle
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Systems Development Life Cycle
(SDLC) (Cont.)
Implementation – the information system
is coded, tested, installed and supported in
the organization
Maintenance – an information system is
systematically repaired and improved
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FIGURE 1-10
Traditional waterfall SDLC
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Different Approaches to Improving
Problems with Waterfall Approach
Development
Feedback ignored, milestones lock in CASE Tools
design specs even when conditions
Rapid Application Development
change
(RAD)
Limited user involvement (only in
requirements phase) Agile Methodologies
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Computer-Aided Software CASE Tools (Cont.)
Engineering (CASE) Tools (Cont.)
Documentation generators standardize
technical and user documentation.
Code generators enable automatic FIGURE 1-11
Screen shot of
generation of programs and database ArgoUML, an open
code directly from design documents, source CASE tool
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Rapid Application Development
Agile Methodologies
(RAD) (Cont.)
Motivated by recognition of software
FIGURE 1-12
RAD life cycle development as fluid, unpredictable, and
dynamic
Three key principles
Adaptive rather than predictive
Emphasize people rather than roles
Self-adaptive processes
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eXtreme Programming
Short, incremental development cycles
Automated tests
Two-person programming teams
Coding, testing, listening, designing
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Object-Oriented Analysis and
Rational Unified Process (RUP)
Design (OOAD) (Cont.)
Object class: a logical grouping of An object-oriented systems development
objects sharing the same attributes methodology
and behaviors Establishes four phase of development:
Inheritance: hierarchical inception, elaboration, construction, and
arrangement of classes enable transition
subclasses to inherit properties of Each phase is organized into a number of
superclasses separate iterations.
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FIGURE 1-13
Our Approach to Systems
Phases of OOSAD-based development Development
The SDLC is an organizing and guiding
principle in this book.
We may construct artificial boundaries or
artificially separate activities and
processes for learning purposes.
Our intent is to help you understand all the
pieces and how to assemble them.
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Summary
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