Objective: To indicates the total dissolved solids (TDS) of different type of solution.

Introduction:
Solids refer to matter suspended or dissolved in water or wastewater. Solids may affect water
or effluent quality adversely in a number of ways. Waters with high dissolved solids generally
are of inferior palatability and may induce an unfavorable physiological reaction in the transient
consumer. Pure water has nothing dissolved in it. So pure water has zero total dissolved solids.
However, when minerals, salts, and pollutants dissolve in water, then the total amount of these
dissolved solids gives an indication of the water's quality.

Theory:
Total dissolved solids (TDS) is a measure of the combined content of all inorganic and organic
substances contained in a liquid. It is also one of the method to measure quality of the water. High
amounts of dissolved solids can indicate poor water quality. There are thousands of other chemicals
such as sodium chloride(table salt), calcium chloride(salt placed on icy road), and fertilizers like
ammonium nitrate in our water, but TDS looks at all of them as one group (one reading).

Problem statement: Many substances are more soluble in water as the temperature increases.
Therefore, when you heat the water, you may be leaching solids out of the pan it's heated in, etc.
That would increase the ions in solution, and therefore the TDS reading. Hence a calculation would
be carry out if the temperature is not at room temperature (25.0 °C)

Apparatus and material : 250mL beaker, test water, Total Dissolves Solid (TDS) meter,
thermometer.

Procedure:
1) Fill the larger beaker (250mL beaker) between 50 and 100 mL with test water.
2) Place the TDS meter into the beaker, and place the thermometer from the kit along side the TDS
meter.
3) Record the reading of the TDS meter and record the temperature.
4) If the temperature got is different, a calculation need to be carry out to get the accurate reading of
TDS reading.
5) Repeat the experiment to get the accurate reading.
6) Repeat step 1 to step 5with another type of test water.

*** Precautions: Do not dip the TDS meter exceed the maximum line of the label in TDS meter.
Because The TDS meter is not water-proof.
Calculation:

If the temperature is over 25.0 °C, you need to subtract 1.90% (0.0190) of the reading for each
degree over. If below 25.0°C, you add 1.90% of the reading for each degree under.
compensation x temp difference x reading = correction amount to be added or subtracted

So report both the TDS value that you read off of your meter plus the TDS value corrected for the
temperature of your test water.
Compare the corrected reading you calculated with the readings in the below chart. What category
does your tap water fall into?

Ideal Drinking water from reverse osmosis, distillation,

0-50 PPM
deionization, microfiltration, etc..
Often considered acceptable range for carbon filtration, mountain
50-140 PPM
springs or aquifers.
Average tap water. 140-400 PPM
170 PPM or
Hard water.
above
Less desirable 200-300 PPM
Unpleasant levels from tap water, aquifers or mountain springs. 300-500 PPM
The EPA's maximum contamination level. 500 PPM
Salty tasting water that exceeds EPA's maximum contamination > 500 ppm
level. (mg/L)
Example for calculation :

If the temperature is over 25.0 °C, you need to subtract 1.90% (0.0190) of the reading for
each degree over. If below 25.0°C, you add 1.90% of the reading for each degree under. In
this example, the reading was 492 mg/L. The temperature was 28.9°C. That is over 25.0°C,
so we need to compensate for the temperature difference by subtracting. The temperature
difference is 28.9°C-25.0°C, which is 3.9°C.

compensation x temp difference x reading = correction amount to be added or subtracted

0.0190 x 3.9°C x 492 mg/L= 36.46

1 °C

492mg/L - 36.46 mg/L = 455.54mg/L rounded to 456 mg/L is the corrected TDS value.

So report both the TDS value that you read off of your meter plus the TDS value corrected
for the temperature of your tap water.

Compare the corrected reading you calculated with the readings in the below chart. What
category does your tap water fall into?