Lines and Planes in

20 3-Dimensions

Paper 1 4. M L

1. J M J
K

K H G
L
H
G E F

E F The angle between line JG and the base is ∠JGE.

FGJK is an inclined plane. Answer: C

Answer: C
5.
M
2. J
K
L
T

H
S R E G
O F
P Q
The angle between line LE and plane EHMJ is ∠MEL.
The orthogonal projection of line TQ onto plane PQRS
is OQ. Answer: D

Answer: B
6.
T
3. T

S
R
R Q N
P Q
M

P The angle between line TQ and the base PQRS is

∠TQN.
The angle between line TM and the plane PQR is
∠TMR. Answer: A
Answer: A

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   Mathematics  SPM  Chapter 20

7. H 2. E

G 9 cm D x C
F m
M 10 c

E A B

The angle between plane GEH and plane GEF is

9
tan x = –––
∠HMF.
10
Answer: A x = 41°59′
The angle between line EC and plane ABCD is 41°59′.
8.
J M
3. J M
K
L L
K
H G 10 cm

E F H
x G
5 cm
The angle between plane FGJK and plane EFGH is E 12 cm F
∠EFK or ∠HGJ.
HF 2 = HE 2 + EF 2
Answer: C
HF = 52 + 122
= 13 cm
9.
W V JH
tan x = ––––
HF
T U = ––– 10
S
13
R
x = 37°34′
P Q The angle between line JF and the base EFGH is
37°34′.
The angle between plane PQV and the base PQRS
is ∠RQV.
4. T
Answer: D

Paper 2
24 cm
1. J

8 cm

H x P
G Q
12 cm x
7 cm
9 cm
S 7 cm R
E F

8 QS2 = SR2 + RQ2

tan x = –––
12 QS = 72 + 72
x = 33.7° = 98 cm
The angle between line JG and plane EFGH is 33.7°.

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  Mathematics  SPM  Chapter 20 

TQ 8.
tan x = –––– T
QS
24
= –––– 5 cm
98
x = 67°35′ P R
The angle between line ST and the base PQRS is x
67°35′. 10 cm M
6 cm
Q

5.
H PM 2 = PQ2 – QM2
PM = 102 – 62
7 cm

12 cm
= 8 cm
G
TP
tan x = ––––
E F PM
= — 5
8
sin ∠HFG = 7 x = 32°
12
∠HFG = 35°419 The angle between plane TQR and the base PQR is
32°.
The angle between line HF and the base EFG is
35°419.

6. E H

Paper 1
F
D
G
1.
C
6 cm J
M
7 cm H
x
A 8 cm B

K
6
tan x = — E N
8
G
x = 36°52′
The angle between plane BCEF and the base ABCD
is 36°52′.
F

The angle between plane FHJ and plane KHJ is

7.
E ∠KMF.
F Answer: D

A D 4 cm
7 cm x C
B 3 cm

4
tan x = —
3
x = 53°8′
The angle between plane ABFE and the base ABCD
is 53°8′.

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   Mathematics  SPM  Chapter 20

2. 6.
J M J M

L L V
K K

H G T H G
U

E F E F

The angle between plane KGJ and the base EFGH The angle between the plane FTL and the plane FGML
is ∠JGH. is ∠TUV.
Answer: B Answer: D

3. 7.
Q L P
T
R
P R Q
N M N
L
M
S T
The angle between line TN and the base LMNP is
∠TNL. The angle between plane PRSN and plane LMNP is
∠SNM.
Answer: A
Answer: A

4.
R U
Paper 2

S
T
1.
Q P
E H
M
M N G
F

The angle between the plane SNP and the plane PNTU
is ∠SNT. 7 cm D C
3 cm
Answer: D N L
3 cm
A 10 cm B

5. T (a) The angle between the plane MBC and the base
ABCD is ∠MLN.

MN
R (b) tan ∠MLN = ––––
NL
S
7
Q = ––
10
P
∠MLN = 35°
The angle between line TS and the base PQRS is
∠TSQ.
Answer: B

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  Mathematics  SPM  Chapter 20 

2. S R 5.
F E
M
5 cm Q 7 cm
P
x D
A

8 cm
15 cm
Y
Z B 16 cm C
10 cm
ED
tan x = ––––
W 12 cm X AD
= ––– 7
(a) The angle between line XM and plane WZSP is 16
∠XMW.
x = 23°38′
(b)  MW 2 = PM2 + PW2 The angle between plane EAB and the base ABCD
is 23°38′.
=
MW 52 + 152
= 250 cm
6. (a)
E
WX
tan ∠XMW = ––––
MW
12
= ––––– F
250 D
C
∠XMW = 37.2° 6 cm
7 cm

A 8 cm B
3. E 6 cm H

G
The angle between the plane BCEF and the base
F D
C
ABCD is ∠ABF or ∠DCE.
7 cm
6
(b) tan ∠ABF =
15 cm
8
A 10 cm B
∠ABF = 36°52′
(a) The angle between the line CE and the plane
ADEF is ∠CED. 7.
J K
CD
(b) tan ∠CED =
ED
9 cm
10
=
7 H G
∠CED = 55° x 8 cm
E 15 cm F
4. (a) E H
EG2 = EF 2 + FG2
EG = 152 + 82
7 cm
= 17 cm
D
C KG
F G tan x = ––––
10 cm EG
4 cm
= ––– 9
A B 17
x = 27°54′
The angle between the plane DFG and the plane
ABGF is ∠AFD. The angle between line EK and the base EFGH is
∠KEG and ∠KEG = 27°54′.
10
(b) tan ∠AFD =
4
∠AFD = 68°12′

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   Mathematics  SPM  Chapter 20

5. W X V

Paper 1 T U

S
1. K R
J

H P Q

E
G
The angle between plane PWV and plane RSWV is
F
∠PWS.
Answer: A
The angle between line FK and plane GHK is ∠GKF.
Answer: D 6. V

2. M L

J K R
N
P
X Q
H G
The angle between the base PQR and plane VPQ is
E F ∠RXV.
The angle between line FN and plane EHMJ is ∠ENF. Answer: B
Answer: A
7. T U
3. H

S R

P Q
E G
The angle between plane QST and plane RSTU is
M ∠RSQ.
Answer: B
F

The angle between line HG and plane EFH is ∠GHM. 8. V

Answer: C

4. T H
G

J
M
S R E F

The angle between plane VFG and the base EFGH

P Q is ∠VJM.
Answer: C
The angle between line QT and plane PST is ∠PTQ.
Answer: D

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  Mathematics  SPM  Chapter 20 

9. M L Paper 2
X
1. V
K
J G
H
Y

E F
12 cm
The angle between plane XFGM and plane JKLM is
∠GML. 3 cm
Answer: D C
D
M x
4 cm
10. T U A 6 cm B

BM 2 = BC2 + CM 2

S R
BM = 42 + 32
Y X = 5 cm
P Q
VM
tan x = ––––
The angle between plane UPS and the base PQRS BM
is ∠UYX. = ––– 12
5
Answer: A x = 67°23′
The angle between line VB and the base ABCD is
11. M L ∠VBM and ∠VBM = 67°23′.

K
J
R
2.
Q V
13 cm
P
G
H
D
E F C

The angle between plane PGL and plane HGLM is M x 12 cm

∠RQP. A
12 cm B
Answer: B
BD2 = BC2 + CD2
12. N BD = 122 + 122
= 288 cm
M 288
L BM = –––––
2
P
= 8.485 cm
Q
VM
tan x = ––––
J K BM
13
The angle between plane NKL and plane NJM is = –––––
8.485
∠PNQ.
x = 56°52′
Answer: C The angle between line VB and the base ABCD is
∠VBM and ∠VBM = 56°52′.

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   Mathematics  SPM  Chapter 20

3. V 5.
J M
8 cm
L
K
D C
x 6 cm
9 cm cmH G
5 x
A 12 cm B
E 12 cm F

BD2 = BC2 + CD2

BD = 92 + 122 FH 2 = HE 2 + EF 2
= 15 cm FH  = 52 + 122
VD = 13 cm
tan x = ––––
BD
8 JH
= ––– tan x = ––––
15 FH
x = 28°4′ 6
= –––
13
The angle between line VB and the base ABCD is
∠VBD and ∠VBD = 28°4′. x = 24°479
The angle between line JF and the base EFGH is
4. 24°479.
V

6. 4 cm H
E
9 cm
F G
7 cm
C B
C 7 cm
5 cm x 6 cm J
D x
D 10 cm
B
5 cm 8 cm
10 cm
A A

BD2 = AB2 – AD2 DJ = 6 cm

BD = 102 – 52 AJ2 = AD2 + DJ 2
= 75 cm AJ = 82 + 62
= 10 cm
VB
tan x = ––––
DB EJ
tan x = ––––
9 AJ
= ––––
75 = ––– 7
10
x = 46°6′
x = 35°
The angle between line VD and the base ABC is ∠VDB
The angle between line EA and the base ABCD is 35°.
and ∠VDB = 46°6′.

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  Mathematics  SPM  Chapter 20 

7. Q R 9. U 6 cm M T

5 cm
P x
N S R
3 cm x N
T 4 cm
L 9 cm M 6 cm
P Q

PS
tan x = ––––
PT2 = PN2 + NT 2 NS
PT = 92 + 32 = –– 4
6
= 90 cm x = 33°41′
RT 2 = RN2 – TN2 The angle between plane PMN and plane RSUT is
RT = 52 – 32 ∠PNS and ∠PNS = 33°41′.
= 4 cm

RT 10.
tan x = –––– V
PT
4
= –––– 7 cm
90
x
x = 22°52′ D
8 cm
C

6 cm
The angle between line RP and the base LMNP is
22°52′. A B

VC
tan x = ––––
DC
8. 7
E 24 cm H = ––
8
x 7 cm x = 41°11′
F
D G C The angle between plane VAD and the base ABCD is
∠VDC and ∠VDC = 41°11′.
A B

EH 11.
tan x = –––– H 6 cm G
HC
= ––– 24 F
7 E

x = 73°44′
9 cm N
The angle between line HC and plane BCEF is ∠ECH D x
C

and ∠ECH = 73°44′. 8 cm

A M B

GN
tan x = ––––
MN
= — 9
8
x = 48°22′
The angle between plane ABG and the base ABCD
is 48°22′.

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   Mathematics  SPM  Chapter 20

12. 14.
J M V

L
K
x
15 cm 12 cm
D
C

M
H x G
N O 5 cm
N 6 cm A B
E 8 cm F
OM
tan x = ––––
HF 2 = HE2 + EF2 VO
HF = 62 + 82 = ––– 5
= 10 cm 12
x = 22°37′
10
HN = –––
2 ∠MVN = 2x
= 5 cm = 45°14′
JH The angle between plane VAD and plane VBC is
tan x = ––––
HN ∠MVN and ∠MVN = 45°14′.
= ––– 15
5
x = 71°34′ 15. J M
The angle between plane JEG and the base EFGH
is 71°34′.
N L 13 cm
K
x

13. H G
D
O 13 cm

E 13 cm F

A E HF 2 = HE 2 + EF 2

x
9 cm HF = 132 + 132
15 cm M
= 338 cm
9 cm
B 338
OH = –––––
2
AM  = AB – BM
2 2 2
= 9.192 cm
AM = 152 – 92
= 12 cm 13
NH = –––
2
BM
tan x = –––– = 6.5 cm
AM
9 NH
= ––– tan x = ––––
12 OH
x = 36°52′ = –––––– 6.5
9.192
∠BAE = 2x
x = 35°16′
= 73°44′
The angle between plane NEG and the base EFGH
The angle between plane ABD and plane AED is
is 35°16′.
∠BAE and ∠BAE = 73°44′.

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  Mathematics  SPM  Chapter 20 

16. 12
OT = –––
R U Q 2
5 cm = 6 cm
P
UO
N tan x = ––––
x
4 cm OT
O T
= — 3
L 12 cm M 6
x = 26°34′
QT 2 = QN 2 – TN 2
QT = 52 – 42 The angle between plane UMN and the base LMNP
= 3 cm is 26°34′.
UO = QT
= 3 cm

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