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Paper 1
6. Gradient of line EF
1. Gradient of line PQ 5–2
= ––––––
QR –5 – 4
= –––– 3
PR = –––
–9
Answer: A
1
=−—
3
2. Gradient of line EF
FG Answer: D
= ––––
EG
= tan q 7. The straight line with negative gradient is JK.
Answer: C Answer: C
3. Gradient of the straight line passing through (1, −2) 8. The x-intercept = −4
and (3, 6) Answer: C
6 − (−2)
= ––––––––
3–1
9. The y-intercept = 7
8
=—
2 Answer: B
=4
Answer: C 10. Gradient of line PQ
y-intercept
= − ––––––––––
4. Gradient of the straight line passing through (1, 5) and x-intercept
(−3, 4) 10
=− –––
4–5 –2
= –––––– =5
–3 – 1
–1 Answer: B
= —–
– 4
1
=— 11. Gradient of line EF
4
y-intercept
= − ––––––––––
Answer: A x-intercept
5
=−—
5. Gradient of line PQ 6
6–2 Answer: C
= –––––––
7 – (–3)
4
= –––
10
2
=—
5
Answer: C
Given tan θ = 2
14. m = 4 and c = 3 hence, θ = 63.43°
The equation of line PQ is
y = mx + c 2. (a) Gradient of the straight line passing through
y = 4x + 3 (1, 3) and (2, 5)
Answer: D 5–3
= –––––
2–1
2
15. P(0, 4), Q(4, 0) = —
4–0 1
Gradient of line PQ, m = ––––– =2
0–4
= −1 (b) Gradient of the straight line passing through
The y-intercept, c = 4 (0, 4) and (4, 0)
The equation of line PQ is 0–4
= –––––
y = mx + c 4–0
y = −x + 4 – 4
= –––
4
Answer: B = −1
x
y-intercept O K(18, 0)
(a) Gradient of line AB = − ––––––––––
x-intercept
4 4 1
— = − — (a) OL = — OK
3 t 2
4t = −4(3) 1
12 = — (18)
t = – ––– 2
4 = 9
= −3
The coordinates of J = (18, 18)
(b) AB = OA2 + OB2
(b) J(18, 18) and L(0, 9)
= 32 + 42 Gradient of line JL
= 5 units 9 – 18
BD = AB = ––––––
0 – 18
= 5 units 1
= —
Hence, the coordinates of D = (−5, 4) 2
9. y
11. A(2, 3) and m = 4
E(6, h)
The equation of line AB is
G
y = mx + c
0 2 F
x 3 = 4(2) + c
3 = 8 + c
c = 3 − 8
= −5
H Hence, the equation of line AB is y = 4x − 5.
3
(a) E(6, h) and G(2, 0) 12. P(4, −2) and m = − —
2
h–0
Gradient of line EG = ––––– The equation of line PQ is
6–2
y = mx + c
h
2 = — 3
4 −2 = − —(4) + c
h = 2 × 4 2
= 8 −2 = −6 + c
(b) Let H = (0, k) −2 + 6 = c
c = 4
k–0
Gradient of line GH = ––––– 3
0–2 Hence, the equation of line PQ is y = − —x + 4.
k 2
7 = − —
2
13. The equation of line QR is y = 4.
k = 7 × (−2)
= −14
14. Q(5, 0) and m = −2
Hence, the y-intercept of line GH = −14
The equation of line PQ is
y = mx + c
10. (a)
y 0 = −2(5) + c
0 = −10 + c
E(0, 16) c = 10
Hence, the equation of line PQ is y = −2x + 10.
F(h, 6)
x 15. x − 2y = 12..................1
0 G(t, 0) (a) Substitute x = 0 into equation 1.
0 − 2y = 12
Let G = (t, 0) 2y = −12
16 – 0 y = −6
Gradient of EG = ––––––
0–t
16 Hence, the y-intercept = −6
−2 = − –––
t (b) Substitute y = 0 into equation 1.
16 x − 2(0) = 12
t = –––
2 x = 12
= 8
Hence, the x-intercept = 12
Hence, the x-intercept of line EG = 8
16. Gradient of line AB
16 – 6
(b) Gradient of line EF = –––––– y-intercept
0–h = − ––––––––––
x-intercept
10
−2 = ––– 4
–h =−—
2
10
h = ––– = −2
2
= 5
4. 2y = 8 – x y-intercept
8. Gradient = – ––––––––––
2y = –x + 8 x-intercept
1
y=– x+4 y-intercept
2 – 2 = – ––––––––––
1 3 6
Gradient = – and y-intercept = 4
2
y-intercept = 2 × 6
y 3
= 4
4 Answer: A
x
0 8
9. Gradient of line EF
Answer: A y-intercept
= − ––––––––––
x-intercept
6
y-intercept = − ––––
5. Gradient = – (–2)
x-intercept
=3
3
=– Answer: C
4
Hence, the y-intercept = 3 and the x-intercept = 4.
4 = –2(0) + c
3 c=4
x The equation of the straight line is y = –2x + 4.
0 4 When the straight line intersects x-axis, y = 0.
0 = –2x + 4
Answer: A x=2
Hence, the point of intersection is (2, 0).
6 Answer: C
6. 3y + —x = 1
5
6
3y = − —x + 1
5 11. 3x – 5y = 15
2 1 5y = 3x – 15
y = − —x + —
5 3 3
2 y = x – 3
Hence, the gradient = − — 5
5
Answer: D Hence, the y-intercept = –3
Answer: C
7. y
12. y
P R x
O E
–4 5
13 units
–4 Q F
x
O 12
The y-intercept of QR = –4
OE2 = EF 2 – OF 2
y-intercept
Gradient of line QR = – OE = 132 – 122
x-intercept
–4 = 25
3 = – = 5 units
x-intercept
–4 The y-intercept = 5
x-intercept = –
3 y-intercept
Gradient of line EF = –
4 x-intercept
=
3 5
=–
Answer: D 12
Answer: B
13. 1
y m = − — and H(−2, 9)
2
The equation of line GH is
F y = mx + c
1
9 = − —(−2) + c
0
x 2
9 = 1 + c
E(1, –4) c = 9 − 1
= 8
1
m = 3 and E(1, −4) Hence, the equation of line GH is y = − —x + 8.
2
The equation of line EF is 1
Substitute y = 0 into y = − —x + 8.
y = mx + c 2
−4 = 3(1) + c 1
0 = − —x + 8
− 4 − 3 = c 2
1
c = −7 — x = 8
2
The equation of line EF is y = 3x − 7. x = 2 × 8
= 16
Substitute (4, 5) into y = 3x − 7.
Hence, the x-intercept = 16
5 = 3(4) − 7
5 = 12 − 7
5 = 5 2. (a) Equation of line CD:
4y = x − 7
Hence, F = (4, 5)
1 7
y = —x − —
Answer: C 4 4
Gradient of line AB
y-intercept = Gradient of line CD
14. Gradient of line PQ = − –––––––––– 1
x-intercept = —
1 (– 4) 4
− — = − –––––––––– 1
3 x-intercept m = — and B(4, 6)
x-intercept = 4 × (−3) 4
= −12 The equation of line AB is
Answer: D y = mx + c
1
6 = —(4) + c
4
6 = 1 + c
Paper 2 c = 6 − 1
= 5
1. (a) Equation of line EF:
2y + x = 3 1
Hence, the equation of line AB is y = —x + 5.
2y = −x + 3 4
1 3 1
y = − —x + — (b) Substitute y = 0 into y = —x + 5.
2 2 4
1
3 0 = —x + 5
The y-intercept = — 4
2
1
3 − —x = 5
Hence, the equation of line FG is y = —. 4
2 x = −4 × 5
(b) Gradient of line GH = −20
= Gradient of line EF Hence, the x-intercept = −20
1
= − —
2
2. 1 7
y (b) Substitute y = 0 into y = —x + —.
4 4
H(–5, 6) G(3, 6)
1 7
0 = —x + —
4 4
7 — 1
—
− = x
x 4 4
0
x = −7
E(0, –4) F(3, –4) Hence, the x-intercept = −7
12. y 13. y
P(–4, 12) S
P(0, 7)
N(0, 6)
R(8, 3)
Q
Q(2, 1)
x x
0
M(–4, 0) O
(a) Gradient of line PQ
(a) Substitute y = 0 into 3x + 2y = 12. 7–1
= –––––
3x + 0 = 12 0–2
3x = 12 6
= –––
12 –2
x = ––– = −3
3
= 4 m = −3 and c = 7
Hence, the x-intercept = 4 The equation of line PQ is
y = mx + c
(b) The equation of line PM is x = − 4. y = −3x + 7
(c) Line NP: (b) m = −3 and R(8, 3)
3x + 2y = 12 The equation of line RS is
2y = −3x + 12 y = mx + c
3 3 = −3(8) + c
y = − —x + 6
2 3 = −24 + c
Hence, N = (0, 6) c = 3 + 24
= 27
Gradient of line PQ
= Gradient of line MN Hence, the y-intercept = 27
y-intercept
= − ––––––––––
x-intercept 14. (a) Line TUV:
6 3y + 4x = 24
= − –––
– 4 3y = −4x + 24
6 4
= — y = − ––x + 8
4 3
3 Hence, the y-intercept = 8
= —
2
(b)
y
3
m = — and P(− 4, 12)
2
The equation of line PQ is V(0, 8)
y = mx + c U(3, 4)
3
12 = — (− 4) + c
2 O
x
P T
12 = −6 + c
c = 12 + 6 Gradient of line PV
= 18 = Gradient of line OU
3 4–0
Hence, the equation of line PQ is y = —x + 18. = –––––
2 3–0
4
= —
3