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Random Access Memory, or RAM, usually When a computer shuts down properly, all
refers to computer chips that temporarily data located in RAM is returned back to
store dynamic data to enhance computer permanent storage on the hard drive or
performance while you are working. In flash drive. At the next boot-up, RAM begins
other words, it is the working place of your to fill with programs automatically loaded at
computer, where active programs and data startup, a process called booting. Later on,
are loaded so that any time the processor the user opens other files and programs
requires them, it doesn't have to fetch them that are still loaded in the memory.
from the hard disk.
A power supply unit (or PSU) converts mains The desktop computer power supply
AC to low-voltage regulated DC power for changes alternating current from a wall
the internal components of a computer. socket to low-voltage direct current to
Modern personal computers universally operate the processor and peripheral
use switched-mode power supplies. devices. Several direct-current voltages are
Some power supplies have a manual switch required, and they must be regulated with
for selecting input voltage, while others some accuracy to provide stable operation
automatically adapt to the mains voltage of the computer. A power supply
rail or voltage rail refers to a single voltage
provided by a power supply unit