Johanna Castro - PH CONTEMPO ARTS
ARCHITECTURE
Ildefonso Santos, Jr. (September 5, 1929 - January 29, 2014)
• He was known as “IP Santos” and is the “Father of
Philippine Landscape Architecture”
• He was recognized as a National Artist of the Philippines in
the field of Architecture in 2006.
• His awards are: National Artist for Architecture (2006);
Patnubay ng Kalinangan; Parangal ng Bayan (1988);
Outstanding Professional for Landscape Architecture.
• UST also gave Santos recognitions such as the Talaan
Pagdangal in 1980 and the Outstanding Thomasian Award in
1981.
• “The landscape profession requires knowledge of
architectural, engineering, and aesthetic principles,” Santos
said in Jeannie E. Javelosa’s book, The Landscape Architecture
of Ildefonso P. Santos.
 Makati Commercial Center - He made his first mark
with the Makati Commercial Center wherein he
introduced a new concept of outdoor shopping with
landscaped walks, fountains and sculptures as
accent.
 Loyola Memorial Park - It was the first memorial
park that was designed by Santos.
 The Tagaytay Highlands in Cavite - provides a
resident view of the Taal Lake in the comforts of
Mediterranean-inspired villas accentuated by plants
that act as natural barriers.
Leandro V. Locsin (August 15, 1928 - November 15 1994)
• He was a Filipino architect, artist, and interior designer
known for his use of concrete, floating volume and simplistic
design in his various projects.
• An avid collector, he was fond of modern painting and
Chinese ceramics.
• He was proclaimed a National Artist of the Philippines for
Architecture in 1990 by the late President Corazon C. Aquino.
 Church/Parish of the Holy Sacrifice - The Parish of
the Holy Sacrifice is a landmark Catholic chapel on
the University of the Philippines Diliman campus.
 Tanghalang Pambansa - Formerly known as Theater
of Performing Arts, is a theater located in the
Cultural Center of the Philippines Complex.
 Philippine Pavilion Expo '70 - In 1970, Leandro
Locsin designed the Philippine Pavilion of the World
Expo in Osaka, Japan. The architectural message was
that although the Philippines is a young and
developing country, it has a progressive spirit.
Pablo Sebero Antonio Sr. (January 25, 1901 - June 14, 1975)
• A pioneer of modern Philippine architecture, he was
recognized in some quarters as the foremost Filipino
modernist architect of his time.
• He was conferred the rank and title of National Artist of the
Philippines by President Ferdinand Marcos in 1976.
• Antonio's architecture and its adoption of Art Deco
techniques was radical for its day, neoclassicism being the
dominant motif of Philippine architecture when he began his
career.
• His style was noted for its simplicity and clean structural
design.
 White Cross Orphanage Children’s Home - Built
1938 at Santolan Rd., San Juan City. An institution
focusing on unwanted children, physically
incapacitated parents and children whose parents
were victims of rape, incest or in the prison.
 Far Eastern University Campus - It is considered as
the largest ensemble of surviving Art Deco
architecture in Manila
 Ideal Theater - The Ideal Theater was an art-deco
masterpiece designed by the National Artist for
Architecture Pablo Antonio in 1933 and was located
at Rizal Avenue in Santa Cruz district.
Francisco Mañosa (February 12, 1931 - June 17, 1980)
• National Artist for Architecture in 2009
• Became the “outspoken champion of indigenous
architecture”
• Known as Contemporary Tropical Filipino Architecture
because he uses materials such as coconut lumber, rattan,
shell, thatch, and even indigenous textiles which are
juxtaposed with hypermodern materials: metal, glass,
concrete.
 Coconut Palace - It is also known as Tahanang
Pilipino, a guesthouse built within the Cultural
Center of the Philippines complex. The palace was
constructed using parts of the coconut tree such as
the trunk, bark, fruit, flower and shell for its interior
and exterior. Its double roof is inspired by a native
Filipino hat, salakot.
 Pearl Farm Beach Resort - A tropical destination in
Davao City, conceptualized by Mañosa as a
camouflage of beauty of the island- so he adapted
the curve of the coastlines to blend with the natural
setting, used the indigenous materials with earth
tones to sound with the island’s lush greenery.
Juan Felipe de Jesus Nakpil (May 26, 1899 - May 27, 1986)
• Known as "Father of Philippine Architecture", was a Filipino
architect, teacher & a community leader.
• He was named as one of the National Artists for
Architecture in 1973.
• He was also regarded as the dean of Filipino Architects.
Education : he studied Engineering at the University of the
Philippines, he then received his bachelor's degree in Civil
Engineering at the University of Kansas, and then studied
architecture at the Fontainebleau School of Fine Arts in
France upon the recommendation of one of his professor,
Jean Jacques Haffner.
 Renovation of Quiapo Church
 University of the Philippines - Diliman
Administration Bldg - It is a beautiful example of
Nakpil's postwar architecture and serves as a
gateway- and along with the famous Oblation
sculpture- as a grand entrance to all those who enter
the University.
Johanna Castro - PH CONTEMPO ARTS
 The Capitol Theater - The famous theater in
downtown Escolta is another Nakpil's Art Deco gems
done in an exaggerated, geometric style.
VISUAL ARTS
In the American Period, education was introduced to the
Philippines
 Three Filipinos studied abroad :
 Juan Arellano,
 Diosdado Lorenzo,
 Victorino Edades – used dull and dark hues
that shocked filipino audiences.
- They went back to introduced the concept of
modern arts,
After the triumvirate introduced modern arts. 13 artist
followed their path. Some of them were:
 Vicente Manansala,
 Cezar Legaspi,
 Anita Magsaysay,
 Hernando Ocampo,
 Carlos Francisco, and others.
After the world war two people started creating Proletarian
arts (Arts that depicts life after war, Social issues and
economic problems.)
 Modernism garnered a larger influence because of
the institutions like
 Arts Association of the Philippines -
Founded by Purita Kalaw - Ledesma
 Phil Art Gallery - founded by Lydia Villamor
– Arguilla
- They support modern art movement.
Cubism fragmented figures in the larger planes, color
harmonics and textures
 Vicente Manansala – Nipa Hut
 Romeo Taberna
 And Cezar Legaspi
- Abstractionist were H.R.Ocampo, Constantino
Bernardo, Arturo Luz, and Jose Joya
In Sculpture - Napoleon Abueva became famous because he
combined woods, metals and stones. He also use plastic,
brass, etc.
In Surrealism – a combine unrelated images in a very strange
and dreamlike way.
 Impy Pilapil explored the use of glass
 Social realist - who combined doing
proletarian art, comic, posters, and
cartoons
MUSIC
During the early American period, the music of the country
was mostly classical due to the influence of the European.
Continued flourishing until 1950’s
 1960’s that Philippine music evolved combination of
classical and ethnic music
 theater music gradually decline because of the
introduction of radio, film, and other entertainment
technology
Pinoy pop or Filipino pop music took place : Jazz, dance hits,
folksong revival, rock and roll, and rap.
Manila sound was born : This music is characterized as
Western-derived with English lyrics but with pure Filipino
spirit.
 OPM (Original Pilipino Music) - is a kind of music
purely Filipino and composed and sung by Filipino
composers and singers. followed by another popular
music called alternative music
- Influenced by folk balladeer this type of music
sprouted out of protest included theme like
Filipino values, political, and environmental
concerns,
 CCP - preserved the traditional music and innovative
Philippine music. Local festival like the Las Pinas
Bamboo Organ Festival. Bodabil, Rondalla, etc.
LITERATURE
After the declaration of independence in 1946, continual
flourishment of modernism in the field of poetry.
 Publication of young public journals emerged.
 The “Bagay” movement took place - It is a kind of
poetry which uses colloquial language, and built on
concrete images which tend to describe experiences.
Poets like:
 Jose F. Lacaba,
 Rolando TInio
 Bienvenido Lumbera
 Antonio Samson,
 Edmundo Martinez
- Started the Bagay movement
- An example of bagay movement is the
Valediction sa Hillcrest by Rolando Tinio.
- which employs TAGLISH. Later on, national
consciousness was inserted into bagay poetry.
Amado V. Hernandez Introduced another form of poetry
through his work (“Ang Bayan Malaya” )
- It is a long narrative about a peasant oppression
and fighting for human rights are the main
themes
 Protest Poetry - proliferated social protest and social
realism became the themes of poets.
 Nationalist spirit of many writers arose because of
Martial Law.
Johanna Castro - PH CONTEMPO ARTS
During the contemporary period, works of American and
British poets influenced the English poems in the Philippines.
Poets like:
 Edith Tiempo,
 Emmanuel Torres
 Dominador Ilio
- Their works revolved on subjects like the search
for love and identity, and oppression.
During Marcos Era. The rise of the nationalistic poetry
discussing poverty, Inequality, Political turmoil and other
social problems.
In the area of short writing, after the WWII, short stories
focused on self – consciousness and self-expressions of the
writer. Some of the known English short shorty during those
time are
 Nestor Vicente Madali Gonzales or
N.V.M Gonzalez
 Nick Joaquin
 Alejandro Reyes Roces
 Edith Lopez Tiempo
During the contemporary period, there are also short stories
produced which use vernacular language.
 However, it was only the publication of Filipino
literary works that continued
- due to the lack of moral and financial support,
and due to the writers’ choice of producing
works using a language that can be understood
by more readers.
Short story writers produced more social conscious fiction
during 1970s. Short stories depicting the lives of the working
class emerged.
- Social protest fiction was produced during the
Marcos era.
Novel
- theme was socio political after WWII, focused
on the search for identity.
- literary criticism produced after WWII. Aiming to
analyze Philippine writings.
Informal essay, was developed by women writers.
 The Contemporary Philippine Literature was a
mixture of a variety subjects, a product of different
innovative techniques of writers.
DANCES
Vaudeville/ Bodabil dancing became popular during the first
of years American Period
 Back- and – wing,
 top dancing,
 clog,
 skirt dancing
Later on, European classical ballet entered the scene
 Remedios de Oteyza
 Leonor Orosa
- The huge popularity of ballet led to the birth of
many ballet in the Philippines during that time
This was after Francisca Reyes-Aquino researched on
Philippine folk dances
- her research on influenced many Filipino
dancers to do similar researches
- She entered Bureau of Education, the Bureau
integrated folk dances to educational system
which resulted to widespread popularity
Filipino dances adapted from Europe and America
 Valse
 Rigaudon
 Polka
 Fandango
 Jota
Today, People on the region still perform traditional dances
especially in fiestas and festival like the Sinulog, Maskara, Ati-
atihan
 Sayaw sa Ubando
 Kadawayan and many others festival.
- (IPAG) Integrated Performing Arts Guild of MSU
in Ilagan City
- The Philippine High School for the Arts in Laguna
has its own performing arts group.