Application:

1. Is it possible to add heat to a body without changing its temperature?

Yes, it is possible. It can be done by adding energy to a body (in heat dorm) and there is no raising of
temperature by causing a phase change. When the ice converts to water, it takes energy for the
conversion but the temperature doesn’t change until all is converted.

Phase changes are often endothermic that includes vaporizing liquids and melting solids. It can also work
in reverse.

https://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20080930073954AAt3Vgb

2. Is the value heat of vaporization constant?

The heat of vaporization is not constant because it is the amount of heat added during a constant
temperature. When a liquid state changes to vapor, it must add heat from the surrounding that changes
the energy reserved which makes the constant temperature. The heat of vaporization is the heat that
vaporizes the liquid.

3. Explain why steam burns are more painful than boiling water burns.

The temperatures of both boiling water and steam is 212 degrees. The difference is: to get water at 212
degrees to turn to steam needs more energy. Steam burns much worse because it contains more energy
than water at the same temperature.

https://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20080606053229AAhE0TC

4. Early in the morning when the sand in the beach is already hot, the water is still cold. But at
night, the sand is cold while water is still warm. Why?

This is about both specific heat and thermal conductivity. The specific heat being low leads to receiving a
smaller heat flux gains a larger temperature increase. The low conductivity makes the gradient
temperature created can be large in a downward rate of heat removal.

In summary, the sand has lower specific heat that leads to a higher temperature. That heat doesn’t
conducted away. But it is more slowly conducted away by the sand, than the water, the sand stays
hotter.

5. Why is an alcohol rub effective in reducing fever?

It is not. It is just one of the ways to temporarily reduce the fever. The alcohol cools the skin as it
evaporates, but it works so quickly that it becomes of one the problem. The person may start to shiver
which signals the body to raise the temperature.

http://www.babycenter.com/404_is-it-true-that-rubbing-alcohol-helps-bring-down-a-childs-
fe_10310184.bc

6. Why is water usually use as a coolant?

The water is very abundant. You can find it mostly everywhere and it is usually a coolant because of its
properties like high thermal conductivity and heat capacity.
7. How much heat is needed to change 1g of ice at 0°C to steam at 100°C?

The equation Q=mLf is need in the process of ice to water, the equation Q=mc(T2-T1) is to
determine the heat needed at 100 oC. The equation is Q=mLv to change water to steam.
Process of ice to water:
𝑐𝑎𝑙
𝑄 = 1𝑔(80 )
𝑔

𝑄 = 80 𝑐𝑎𝑙

Process of water at 0 oC to 100 oC:

𝑔
𝑄 = 1𝑔(1.00 )(100 ℃ − 0 ℃)
𝑐𝑎𝑙 ℃
𝑄 = 100 𝑐𝑎𝑙
Process of water to steam:
𝑐𝑎𝑙
𝑄 = 1𝑔(540 )
𝑔

𝑄 = 540 𝑐𝑎𝑙

𝑇𝑜 𝑘𝑛𝑜𝑤 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑡 𝑛𝑒𝑒𝑑𝑒𝑑, 𝐴𝑑𝑑 𝑎𝑙𝑙 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝐻𝑒𝑎𝑡 𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑔𝑦 “𝑄”

𝑄𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 = 80 𝑐𝑎𝑙 + 100 𝑐𝑎𝑙 + 540 𝑐𝑎𝑙

𝑄𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 = 720 𝑐𝑎𝑙

8. An aluminum calorimeter has mass of 150g and contains 250g of water at 30°C. Find the
resulting temperature when 60g of copper at 100°C is placed inside the calorimeter.

Combine Al with water

Using specific heat 𝐶1 = 900 𝐽/𝑘𝑔 K for Al and 𝐶2 = 4186 𝐽/𝑘𝑔 K for water
The calorimeter and water together have
𝑚3 = 0.250𝑘𝑔 + 0.150𝑘𝑔

= 0.400𝑘𝑔
 [(0.150𝑘𝑔)(900𝐽/𝑘𝑔 𝐾) + (0.250𝑘𝑔)(4186 𝐽/𝑘𝑔 𝐾)]
𝐶3 =
0.400 𝑘𝑔
2953.75 𝐽/𝑘𝑔 𝐾

𝑇3 = 30 𝑜𝐶
Combine Cu with Al and water

Using specific heat 𝐶2 = 386 𝐽/𝑘𝑔 𝐾 for Cu

𝐶1 𝑀1 (𝑇3 − 𝑇1 ) = −𝐶2 𝑀2 (𝑇3 − 𝑇2 )

[(0.400𝑘𝑔 𝑥 2953.75 𝐽/𝑘𝑔 𝐾 𝑥 30𝑜𝐶) + (0.060𝑘𝑔 𝑥 386 𝐽/𝑘𝑔 𝐾 𝑥 60 𝑜𝐶)]

𝑇3 = 𝐽 𝐽
[(0.400𝑘𝑔 𝑥 2953.75𝑘𝑔𝐾)+ (0.060𝑘𝑔 𝑥 386𝑘𝑔𝐾)]

𝑇3 = 31.3458 𝑜𝐶