HDD Technical Instruction - External Distribution

ACCESS DEVELOPMENT Doc. No.
AD-TI-CWS-HDD Revision No: 0
TECHNICAL INSTRUCTION
FOR CONSTRUCTION OF CABLE DUCT-
WAY THROUGH HDD METHOD
FOR EXTERNAL DISTRIBUTION
For external distribution

Technical Instruction for Construction of Cable Duct-way Through HDD Method
The document entitled Technical Instruction for Construction of Civil Work through HDD Method has been
prepared, reviewed and approved by the following committee:
AD-TI-CWS-HDD For external distribution Page 2 of 26

REVISION RECORD
Revision No. Description Of Change Author Effective Date
0 New Document 1. Mohaini Ahmad Basri May 2014

2. Khairul Anwar Yusof

DISTRIBUTION LIST
TM JKH CONTRACTOR
AGM Regional Network Maintenance &

TABLE OF CONTENT
1 OBJECTIVE ........................................................................................................................................ 7
2 SCOPE ............................................................................................................................................... 7
3 REFERENCES.................................................................................................................................... 7
4 DEFINITION AND ABBREVIATION..................................................................................................... 7
5 BACKGROUND .................................................................................................................................. 8
6 PROCEDURE ..................................................................................................................................... 8
6.1 SPECIFICATION OF HDD W ORK ................................................................................................... 8
6.2 PLANNING FOR HDD W ORK .......................................................................................................10
6.3 SITE SURVEY AND UTILITIES MAPPING.........................................................................................11
6.4 PILOT HOLE D RILLING ...............................................................................................................12
6.5 REAMING .................................................................................................................................14
6.6 LAYING OF HDPE D UCT..............................................................................................................15
6.7 JOINTING OF HDPE TO EXISTING MANHOLE .................................................................................16
6.8 BACKFILLING OF EXCAVATED AREA .............................................................................................17
6.9 REINSTATEMENT OF EXCAVATED AREA .......................................................................................19
7 TESTING AND INSPECTION .............................................................................................................20
7.1 MANDREL TEST ........................................................................................................................20
8 MATERIAL .........................................................................................................................................20
9 SAFETY AND PRECAUTION .............................................................................................................21
9.1 W ORKING AT THE R OAD SIDE .....................................................................................................21
9.2 W ORKSITE AREA .......................................................................................................................21
9.3 HANDLING OF HDPE DUCT ........................................................................................................21
9.4 DRILLING FLUID ........................................................................................................................22
10 DOCUMENTATION............................................................................................................................24
11 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT .....................................................................................................................24

LIST OF FIGURE
Figure 6-1 : HDD Cross Sectional Layout of HDPE Pipe ............................................................................ 9

Figure 6-2 : HDD Cross Sectional Layout for River Crossing .....................................................................10
Figure 6-3 : Site preparation (Starting Hole) ..............................................................................................12
Figure 6-4 : Pilot Hole Process..................................................................................................................12
Figure 6-5 : Drill head - Angled Bit ............................................................................................................13
Figure 6-6 : Sonde (Transmitter) and Receiver..........................................................................................13
Figure 6-7 : “Walk Over” Process ..............................................................................................................13
Figure 6-8 : The Position of Angle Bit during Inclining and Declining..........................................................14
Figure 6-9 : Reaming Process...................................................................................................................14
Figure 6-10 : Tools for Reaming Process ....................................................................................................15
Figure 6-11 : Pull back Process ..................................................................................................................15
Figure 6-12 : Picture of Reamer during Completion of Pullback Process .....................................................16
Figure 6-13 : HDPE to PVC Layout Diagram...............................................................................................16
Figure 6-14 : Jointing HDPE to PVC ...........................................................................................................17
Figure 6-15 : Backfilling of Trench – Duct 4-ways with Concrete Encasement in Carriageway .....................17
Figure 6-16 : Measurement of Depth of Warning Tape ................................................................................18
Figure 6-17 : Backfilling of Trench – Duct 4-ways with Concrete Encasement in Grass ...............................18
Figure 6-18 : Ramming and Compacting of Asphalt Premix.........................................................................19
Figure 7-1 : Picture of Mandrel..................................................................................................................20
Figure 8-1 : SIRIM Labeled on HDPE Pipe................................................................................................20
Figure 9-1 : Warning Signage and Flagman ..............................................................................................21
Figure 9-2 : The Use of Base Support or Platform during Excavation Work ...............................................21
Figure 9-3 : The Minimum Clearance between TM Duct-way and TNB cable.............................................22
Figure 9-4 : Standard and Minimum Clearance of TM Infra from Other Services Plant ...............................23
LIST OF TABLE
Table 6-1 : Depth of HDD Work Specification............................................................................................. 8
Table 6-2 : Common Areas for HDD Work ................................................................................................11
Table 6-3 : Relevant Agencies for HDD Work Permission .........................................................................11
Table 6-4 : The Size of Reamer for HDD Work..........................................................................................14
Table 9-1 : The Minimum Clearance from High Voltage Cable ..................................................................22
Table 12-1 : Acknowledgement ...................................................................................................................24

1 OBJECTIVE
The objective of this document is to provide Technical Instruction for construction of cable duct-
way through HDD method for telecommunication infrastructure.
2 SCOPE
The scope of this document covers the followings:
a. Procedures and specifications of HDD method

b. Material specifications for HDD work
c. Testing and Inspection
3 REFERENCES
Document no. Document Title
Telekom MTI (1994) Guideline for FOC route : 306 01 04
TK 1983 Specification Lines WE 0304
Pipeline Design for Installation by Horizontal Directional

Book
Drilling, ASCE Publications, Jan 1, 2005
4 DEFINITION AND ABBREVIATION
Term Meaning
PU Plant Unit
JKH Jadual Kadar Harga
TM SPV TM Supervisor
CWS Civil Work

5 BACKGROUND
5.1 Conventional open-cut trenching on the road and grass has been used extensively in TM civil
work infrastructures to provide duct-way for cable laying. However this method requires
massive excavation work, expensive milling cost and may not be suitable in areas with limited
road shoulder or carriageway high traffic.
5.2 HDD is a trenchless method of installing duct in the ground at variable angles using a guidable
drill head. The drill path may be straight or gradually curved, and the direction of the drilling
head can be adjusted at any stage during the initial pilot bore to steer around obstacles or
under highways, rivers or railways
5.3 The method is suitable for variety of soil conditions and duct diameters.
6 PROCEDURE
This section will explain the specification of HDD and technical instruction for construction of
new civil work through HDD work.
6.1 Specification of HDD Work
The depth of the HDD pipe cross is correlated with the bore diameter. Table 6-1 summarizes
the minimum allowable depths and the setback for HDD work:
Table 6-1 : Depth of HDD Work Specification
No Bore Diameters No of Duct-way Depth of Cover Setback
1 Small (< 100 mm) NA 1.2 m 6–8m
2 Mini (100 – 300 mm) 1/2/3/ 2.4 m 8 – 12 m

4/6/8/9 3.0 m 10 – 16 m
3 Medium (325- 600 mm) 10 / 12 / 16 3.6 m 12 – 19 m
i. The penetration angle for both entry and exit shall be between 10 and 18 degree.
ii. Setback is the distance required from ground penetration to target depth or from target
depth to the ground level.
iii. The distance between the entry and exit point of HDPE conduits to the existing manhole
shall be within 2 to 3 meter.
iv. AND Project Manager must determine the specification of HDD work by determining the
depth of the HDD work. The minimum depth must not less than 1 meter below the
finished road or ground surface. Figure 6-1 illustrates the HDD cross sectional layout.
v. For construction of duct-way which is more than 16, the HDD method is not
recommended and no PU is available in the TM contract for the work.

Figure 6-1 : HDD Cross Sectional Layout of HDPE Pipe

vi. For river crossing, the depth of HDD work is subject to local authority approval.
vii. The respective department JPS/local authorities will specify the depth (z) and
distance (x and y) from the riverside as in Figure 6-2.
Figure 6-2 : HDD Cross Sectional Layout for River Crossing
6.2 Planning for HDD Work
This step includes selection of the route, depth of excavation and determining the tools and
material needed for the work. The planning shall be done with care therefore the planned
layout will achieve the objective and able to avoid any changes after excavation work
starts. The important steps in the planning are as follows:
6.2.1 Determining the Specification of HDD Work
i. Determine the number, size of the duct-way and length of the construction. Careful
study shall be done to ensure the number of duct-way for cable laying shall meet
the purpose and optimizing the cost.
ii. Select the shortest routes and location where the pipeline can be constructed in
one continuous length.
iii. Since HDD work is very expensive, AND Project Manager must consider future
requirement of the duct-way by determining the suitable number of ways during
initial planning. This is to ensure that the HDD project is cost effective, cater for
future expansion and provide long-term benefit to TM.

6.2.2 Determining Duct Route of HDD Work
i. HDD works may not be suitable for certain types of areas, thus there is a
responsibility for AND Project Manager to identify the suitable areas, ground
conditions, surrounding utilities and to consider safety and environmental issues
before work starts.
ii. Choose the route that will not damage valuable plant such as trees, landscape,
carriageway or structure. Identify the type of soil. Sandy soil, loose soil, wet and
mucky soil will make the excavation process difficult and dangerous.
iii. Determine the starting point and the end point of HDD work.
iv. Table 6-2 shows the common areas for HDD work. Other than this area shall be
treated case by case basis.
Table 6-2 : Common Areas for HDD Work
No Areas for HDD
1 Crossing River
2 Crossing Highway
3 Crossing Railway
4 On carriageway as instructed by relevant authorities
6.2.3 Permission from Local Authority
JKH is required to obtain approval from relevant authorities before start work. Table 6-3
below shows examples of relevant agencies/authorities for application of HDD work
permission.
Table 6-3 : Relevant Agencies for HDD Work Permission
No Areas for HDD Local Authority
1 Cross River/ Road JPS/JKR/TNB/JBA/Gas Malaysia
2 Cross Highway PLUS/BESRAYA/MEX
3 Cross Railway KTMB
6.3 Site Survey and Utilities Mapping
Site Survey and utilities mapping is compulsory and shall be done before excavation
works start. The scanning of the proposed route is required to avoid unnecessary
damages to other underground utilities. Excavation work will only commence upon
confirmation on the underground accessibility; otherwise the route shall be diverted.

6.4 Pilot Hole Drilling
i. The construction site must be prepared before the main drilling operation. A drilling
rig must be set up at the proper location and drilling hole (starting hole) is
excavated as shown in figure 6-3. AND Project Manager must also determine the
location of receiving hole where the bore head will make an exit.
ii. Generators, pumps, storages and safety materials must be ready at this stage.
Figure 6-3 : Site preparation (Starting Hole)
iii. HDD machines use drill head that will be push through the ground. The drill head is
usually angled (figure 6-5), so that constant rotation of the drill string produces a
straight bore, whereas keeping the head in one position causes the line to change
in direction.
iv. Pilot drilling is done from point A (starting hole) to point B (receiving hole) as
shown in figure 6-4.
Figure 6-4 : Pilot Hole Process

v. At Point B, the exit angle shall in range of 10 degree to 18 degree.
vi. As the drilling process take place, drill pipe are pushed into the ground one after
another, consecutively.

Figure 6-5 : Drill head - Angled Bit

vii. TM Contractor shall monitor and record the depth of the drilling to ensure that the
specification is adhered.
viii. “Walk-over” tracking system shall be used to determine the depth, location and
direction of the bore head during the pilot hole process. In “Walk-over” system, a
sonde (transmitter) is placed inside the bore head. It will transmit electromagnetic
information signal of angle rotation, direction (magnetic direction) and
temperature data to the receiver as in figure 6-6.
Figure 6-6: Sonde (Transmitter) and Receiver

ix. Manually positioned the receiver over the sonde signal. The signal is decoded
and steering directions relayed to the operator of the drill machine via walkie-
talkie. The process of walk over is illustrated as figure 6-7.
Figure 6-7 : “Walk Over” Process

x. To steer, rotation is stopped, the angle of the bit is aligned to the desired direction
and forward thrust (push) is applied.
xi. Figure 6-8 shows the positions of angle bit during inclined and declined direction.
Figure 6-8 : The Position of Angle Bit during Inclining and Declining
xii. From the bore head flows a high pressure jet of drilling fluid. Boring is
accomplished through the cutting action of the jet of fluid and/or rotating a drill bit.
xiii. The contractor shall plot and record the actual of horizontal and vertical alignment
of the pilot bore for every interval of 6 meter (point of walkover) or maximum of 9
meter
6.5 Reaming
Reaming is a process of enlarging the bore hole after pilot hole process as shown in figure
6-9 below.
Figure 6-9 : Reaming Process
i. The suitable reamer size depends on the number of duct-way as shown in

Table 6-4.
Table 6-4 : The Size of Reamer for HDD Work
No Reamer Size (inch) Duct-ways
1 12 2
2 16 4
3 20 6
4 24 8
5 36 12

ii. Upon reaching at point B, the reaming process will start. Replace the angle bit at
the end of the drill pipe with a reamer size 16 inch to enlarge the bore hole (4
duct-ways).
iii. Pull back the reamer from point B and add drill pipe behind the reamer so that
there is always drill pipe in the bore hole.
iv. Use swivel to prevent the rotation of drill pipe behind the reamer during the
reaming process.
v. Repeat process ii - iv by using a larger reamer size consecutively according to
the number of ways to be installed.
vi. Reaming tools are shown in figure 6-10 below.
Figure 6-10 : Tools for Reaming Process
6.6 Laying of HDPE Duct
i. Once the reaming process is complete at point A, the HDPE duct shall be
pulled back into the reamed hole from point B to point A as shown in
Figure 6-11.
Figure 6-11 : Pull back Process

ii. Using a pull head and a swivel, connect the HDPE duct to the drill pipe.
iii. To ensure the hole remain open, locate a reamer between the pull head and
HDPE duct.
iv. It is also to allow lubricating fluid to be pumped into the hole during the laying
process.
v. The laying process will continue until the HDPE duct reach at the point A.
vi. Once the laying process of HDPE is complete, disconnect the pull head,
remove the drill and start the clean-up process as shown in figure 6-12..
Figure 6-12 : Picture of Reamer during Completion of Pullback Process
6.7 Jointing of HDPE to Existing Manhole
i. Jointing of HDPE conduits to the existing manhole shall be done by connecting

existing HDPE to PVC duct which has connection to the existing manhole
ii. The process can be illustrated in Figure 6-13
Figure 6-13 : HDPE to PVC Layout Diagram
iii. Excavate a new trench with suitable depth to allow connection between existing
PVC and HDPE duct
iv. Wipe and clean both ends of the conduits
v. The outer surface of the HDPE duct shall be smoothed by using sand paper.
vi. The Inner surface of HDPE shall be trimmed by using grinder
vii. The end of the PVC duct shall be heated to expand the diameter of the conduit.

viii. The HDPE pipe is inserted into the PVC duct where PVC glue is applied to join
the conduits.
Figure 6-14 : Jointing HDPE to PVC
6.8 Backfilling of Excavated Area
Additional excavation is needed during the initial pilot hole process, where starting and
receiving holes are excavated as explained in Figure 1. It is important that the correct
backfill materials are utilized. The compaction shall be done on layer-by-layer basis.
a. Backfilling of Open Trench at Carriageway
Backfilling of trench for open cut method in carriageway shall be done by using clean
sand.
i. Pour a layer of 50mm sand into the trench and compact the layer.
ii. Repeat the step (i) until the sand level reach the road base level.
iii. Lay the uPVC slabs/warning tapes along the route alignment at the depth range
of 450mm to 600mm from the ground level as shown in Figure 6-15. Take a
picture that shows the depth of uPVC slab/warning tape for evidence and
documentation such in Figure 6-16.
Figure 6-15 : Backfilling of Trench – Duct 4-ways with Concrete Encasement in

Carriageway

Figure 6-16 : Measurement of Depth of Warning Tape
b. Backfilling of Open Trench in Grass
Backfilling of open trench in grass shall be done by using earth/ soil.
i. Backfill the trench by pouring a layer of 50mm earth and compact the layer
properly.
ii. Repeat step (i) until the trench is fully covered with the earth.
iii. Lay the uPVC slabs/warning tapes along the route alignment at the depth range
of 450mm to 600mm from the ground level as shown in figure 6-17.
Figure 6-17 : Backfilling of Trench – Duct 4-ways with Concrete Encasement in

Grass

6.9 REINSTATEMENT OF EXCAVATED AREA
Reinstatement of excavated work is done to make good of excavated area. Depending on

the location of the excavated area, the reinstatement shall be done properly as follows:
a. In Carriage Way
Road reinstatement must be accomplished when the excavation is done in

carriageway. The procedures are as follows:
i. Spread evenly and compact the 250mm thickness (or similar to the original
thickness before excavation or as instructed by local authority) of crusher run to
prepare of receiving the layer of asphalt premix.
ii. Pour the asphalt premix with the thickness of 50mm (or similar to the original
thickness before excavation or as instructed by local authority) onto the crusher
run layer.
iii. Compact the layer of the asphalt premix by using rammer machine such as
vibrator as shown in Figure 6-18.
iv. TM SPV shall ensure that there are no changes in the level of surface at the
excavated area after the road instatement work is complete. Contractor shall
bear any cost for additional work to repair the damage.
Figure 6-18 : Ramming and Compacting of Asphalt Premix
v. Repair all damages like curb, finishing (tiles) and etc.

vi. Road milling shall commence only after the road reinstatement on the
excavated area has stabilized or as instructed by local authority.
b. In Grass
The reinstatement of excavated area in grass is done by re-planting the grass and
plants which were removed during excavation.

7 TESTING AND INSPECTION

7.1 Mandrel Test
Mandrel test shall be performed to clean and test the bore of the ducts. Upon the
completion of the duct line between any two jointing chamber or sites, the
cylindrical brush connected to the following end of a mandrel shall be passed twice
through each 'way' to clean the duct and to remove any foreign material which may
have entered. The test shall be carried out in the presence of TM SPV and any obstruction
or other defects found shall be rectified. TM SPV shall ensure that the draw rope have
been installed in one of the new cable duct-way.
Figure 7-1 : Picture of Mandrel
8 MATERIAL
a. The material used as the duct-way for HDD work must be HDPE Duct Pipe PN10
Diameter 110mm with SIRIM approval. TM SPV shall check and ensure the material
used shall comply with TM’s specification.
b. The HDPE pipe shall be without any significant dimensional or surface deformities and
shall be free from visible crack, holes or defects.
c. The HDPE profiles as shown in Figure 8-1.
Figure 8-1 : SIRIM Labeled on HDPE Pipe

9 SAFETY AND PRECAUTION

This section will explain the safety and precaution with regard to HDD work. The general
safety and precaution please follow and refer to ‘TM Project Management & Works
Supervision’ booklet.
9.1 Working at the Road Side
i. Barrier and warning signage shall be placed at appropriate location in order to

provide ample respond time for road users/traffics.
Figure 9-1 : Warning Signage and Flagman
ii. Assign flagman to control traffic (if required).

iii. A base support or platform shall be placed under the feet of excavation machine
as protection to prevent carriageway being marked with scars and blemished when
the machine is in operation.
Figure 9-2 : The Use of Base Support or Platform during Excavation Work
iv. The boring liquid shall be dealt with carefully and shall not stain the road.
9.2 Worksite Area
i. All workers shall be equipped and complied with the usage of personal protective
equipment such as safety helmet, safety boot, safety vest etc.
ii. All equipment shall be ensured in good condition
9.3 Handling of HDPE Duct
i. The handling of the joined HDPE shall be in such a manner that the duct is not
damaged by dragging it over sharp or jagged objects.

ii. The HDPE duct shall be sealed at both ends with a cap or a plug to prevent water,
drilling fluids and other foreign materials from entering the pipe as it is being pulled
back.
9.4 Drilling Fluid
i. All drilling fluids shall not enter the streets, manholes, sanitary and storm sewers,
and other drainage systems, including streams and rivers.
ii. Any damage to any highway or non-highway facility caused by escaping drilling
fluid, or the directional drilling operation, shall be immediately restored by the HDD
contractor.
9.5 Clearance from Electricity Plant
The minimum clearance from electricity supplies are shown in Table 9-1.
Table 9-1 : The Minimum Clearance from High Voltage Cable
Minimum Remark
Cable
Clearance
High voltage single core cable

500mm
(> 650 volts)
No exception to this requirement will
High voltage multi core cable
500mm be permitted. See Figure 22.
(> 650 volts)
Low and medium voltage cable

500mm
(< 650 volts)
Figure 9-3 : The Minimum Clearance between TM Duct-way and TNB cable
The minimum clearance between TM duct-way and TNB cable shall be 500mm which is
higher than as specified by MCMC (Doc No: SKMM/G/01/09).The minimum clearance is
decided based on higher safety measure after taking consideration on the nature of HDD
work.

9.6 Clearance from Other Services
The minimum clearance from other services shall be 152mm. In no case shall the
clearance be less than 50mm in all situations provided the approval has been obtained
from the authority concerned as in figure 9-4.
Figure 9-4 : Standard and Minimum Clearance of TM Infra from Other Services Plant

10 DOCUMENTATION
AND shall retain and keep these documents in the file project for the purpose of
acceptance test and handover process;
1. As-built drawing.
2. Permit ‘Kebenaran Menjalankan Kerja” from local authority.
2. Utilities Mapping Report
3. Duct-way space record information.
4. Cross sectional diagram which shows/indicates the specification/evidence of the

completed work. The diagram shall show the information of these followings;
i. The depth of the duct-way (vertical alignment) for every 6 meter interval (See
Figure 6-1).
ii. The setback distance.
The retention period shall in line with the retention period of the project file. Please refer to
the ATP for the form and format of the documents
11 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
The following persons have contributed valuable information during preparation of this
technical instruction:
Table 11-1 : Acknowledgement
No Name Designation Division
1 Md Yunos Juraimi Technical Officer Division Network Development North
2 Abdul Hannan Khairuddin Manager Division Access Development
3 Razali Md Khalid Manager Division Network Development Central
4 Noor Fadlee Muhammad Hairi Manager Division Planning & Project Management
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ACCESS DEVELOPMENT Doc. No.

AD-TI-CWS-HDD Revision No: 0

FOR EXTERNAL DISTRIBUTION

For external distribution

AD-TI-CWS-HDD For external distribution Page 2 of 26

Revision No. Description Of Change Author Effective Date

0 New Document 1. Mohaini Ahmad Basri May 2014

AD-TI-CWS-HDD For external distribution Page 3 of 26

AD-TI-CWS-HDD For external distribution Page 4 of 26

AD-TI-CWS-HDD For external distribution Page 5 of 26

Figure 6-1 : HDD Cross Sectional Layout of HDPE Pipe ............................................................................ 9

AD-TI-CWS-HDD For external distribution Page 6 of 26

a. Procedures and specifications of HDD method

Document no. Document Title

Telekom MTI (1994) Guideline for FOC route : 306 01 04

TK 1983 Specification Lines WE 0304

Pipeline Design for Installation by Horizontal Directional

4 DEFINITION AND ABBREVIATION

JKH Jadual Kadar Harga

CWS Civil Work

AD-TI-CWS-HDD For external distribution Page 7 of 26

6.1 Specification of HDD Work

Table 6-1 : Depth of HDD Work Specification

No Bore Diameters No of Duct-way Depth of Cover Setback

1 Small (< 100 mm) NA 1.2 m 6–8m

2 Mini (100 – 300 mm) 1/2/3/ 2.4 m 8 – 12 m

3 Medium (325- 600 mm) 10 / 12 / 16 3.6 m 12 – 19 m

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Figure 6-1 : HDD Cross Sectional Layout of HDPE Pipe

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Figure 6-2 : HDD Cross Sectional Layout for River Crossing

6.2 Planning for HDD Work

6.2.1 Determining the Specification of HDD Work

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Table 6-2 : Common Areas for HDD Work

No Areas for HDD

4 On carriageway as instructed by relevant authorities

6.2.3 Permission from Local Authority

Table 6-3 : Relevant Agencies for HDD Work Permission

No Areas for HDD Local Authority

1 Cross River/ Road JPS/JKR/TNB/JBA/Gas Malaysia

2 Cross Highway PLUS/BESRAYA/MEX

3 Cross Railway KTMB

6.3 Site Survey and Utilities Mapping

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Figure 6-3 : Site preparation (Starting Hole)

Figure 6-4 : Pilot Hole Process

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Figure 6-5 : Drill head - Angled Bit

Figure 6-6: Sonde (Transmitter) and Receiver

Figure 6-7 : “Walk Over” Process

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Figure 6-9 : Reaming Process

i. The suitable reamer size depends on the number of duct-way as shown in

Table 6-4 : The Size of Reamer for HDD Work

No Reamer Size (inch) Duct-ways

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Figure 6-10 : Tools for Reaming Process

6.6 Laying of HDPE Duct

Figure 6-11 : Pull back Process

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Figure 6-12 : Picture of Reamer during Completion of Pullback Process

6.7 Jointing of HDPE to Existing Manhole