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Synthesis and application of SrCO3-Co3O4 nanoparticles-incorporated CNFs for DUFCs

Saeed Al-Meer
Qatar University, Qatar

I n this manuscript, low-onset potential has been reported for DUFCs. The NF (nickel free) electrocatalyst: SrCO3-Co3O4
nanoparticles-incorporated carbon nanofibers were produced by electrospinning method, followed by calcination of
electrospun mat composed of metallic salts and PVA polymer sol-gel in nitrogen environment at 750C. Physical characterizations
proofed the formation of SrCO3-Co3O4 nanoparticles-incorporated carbon nanofibers. The electrochemical characterizations
of SrCO3-Co3O4 nanoparticles-incorporated carbon nanofibers-based electrode towards the electrooxidation of urea in alkaline
medium is assessed by CV measurements. SrCO3-Co3O4 nanoparticles-incorporated carbon nanofibers reveal reasonable
current density of 21.33mA/cm2 at low fuel concentration. Remarkably, the low onset potential has been observed, showing a
worthy applications prospect of SrCO3-Co3O4 nanoparticles-incorporated carbon nanofibers in DUFCs.

Biography
Saeed Al-Meer has been working as the Director in the Central Laboratories Unit, Qatar University. He has received his PhD from University of Wales, UK. Pres-
ently, he is working on the utilization of urea-containing wastewaters for energy generation using modified fuel cells based non-precious metals–doped CNFs and
metals–decorated graphene. He has authored 20+ peer reviewed papers along with one book chapter and participated in several research projects.

salmeer@qu.edu.qa

Notes:

Journal of Fundamentals of Renewable Energy and Applications

ISSN: 2090-4541
Sustainable Energies 2018 Volume 8

March 30-31, 2018

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 conferenceseries.com
1583rd Conference

Sustainable Energies 2018

International Summit on

Conventional and Sustainable EnergiesMarch 30-31, 2018 | Orlando, USA

Accepted Abstracts
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conferenceseries.com J Fundam Renewable Energy Appl 2018, Volume: 8
DOI: 10.4172/2090-4541-C1-051

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Biodiesel from Gliricidia sepium and Baphia nitida: A renewable source of energy for sustainable development
in rural Africa
Adewale Adewuyi
Redeemer’s University, Nigeria

W ith the depletion of oil resources as well as the negative environmental impact associated with the use of fossil fuels; self-
sufficiency in energy requirement is critical to the success of any developing economy. Biodiesel is simple to use, biodegradable,
nontoxic and essentially free of sulfur and aromatics. Presently, over 70% of the population of the people in Africa lives in rural
areas where there are resources for agriculture. Gliricidia sepium and Baphia nitida are two underutilized plants in Nigeria; they
are planted as a shade tree. Their seeds are discarded as waste in Nigeria creating a waste disposal problem. Biodiesel was produced
from the oils of these underutilized seeds using a two-step reaction system. The first step is a pretreatment which involved the use
of 2% sulphuric acid in methanol and secondly, transesterification reaction using KOH as catalyst. The result of the method applied
showed a conversion of ester content above 98% with phosphorus content below 1 ppm while the copper strip corrosion test was 1A
in both biodiesel. The oil of Gliricidia sepium and Baphia nitida with high free fatty acid can be reduced in a one-step pretreatment
of esterification using H2SO4 as catalyst. This one-step pretreatment reduced the problem of soap formation normally encountered
when using oil with free fatty acid for the production of biodiesel, thus reducing the production cost of the Gliricidia sepium and
Baphia nitida biodiesel. The biodiesel produced from the oil of Gliricidia sepium and Baphia nitida exhibited properties that are in
agreement with the recommended European standard (EN 14214).
walexy62@yahoo.com

Journal of Fundamentals of Renewable Energy and Applications

ISSN: 2090-4541
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DOI: 10.4172/2090-4541-C1-051

International Summit on

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Increasing the efficiency of wind turbines electric generation capactiy with an airfoil spinner
Amelia Peck
Stonweall Academy, Tolland Connecticut, USA

G iven the current rate of climate change, renewable energy is vital to the future of our planet. Wind energy is one of the most
promising sources of renewables, but currently falls short in efficiency of electrical output when compared to the Betz limit. I
have focused on designing different shapes of hubs, or airfoil spinners, to maximize electrical output for small scale wind turbines,
through directing the wind more smoothly across the turbine’s nacelle, so the blades have more available wind, and thus more
possible kinetic energy. To obtain the most optimal designs, an online modelling software was used to analyze the effect of different
shaped spinners on output and wind flow. These were then analyzed based on the Tollmien-Schlichting waves and minimizing the
drag coefficient. The Reynolds number was used to calculate the type of wind flow. The best performing spinner shapes were picked
for testing, and mounted on a one meter, five bladed turbine. Based on this, the voltage, amperage and wattage were calculated. The
first spinner design improved the average output by 6%; the second improved on average by 11%, when compared to the average
outputs of the control group with the standard nacelle. Based on this, the Tip Speed Ratio (TSR), Rotations Per Minute (RPMs),
power in the wind, and Coefficient of Performance (Cp) were calculated to analyze all aspects of their performance. These findings
illustrate the significant effect spinners will have on efficiency for small scale turbines, a rapidly growing wind energy sector.
ameliarpeck@gmail.com

Journal of Fundamentals of Renewable Energy and Applications

ISSN: 2090-4541
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Appropriate control of wind generator’s blade angle via application of singular perturbation method
Arash Rezaee
Freelancer in Recycling and Sustainable Energy, Germany

I n the recent years, benefiting from renewable energy resources such as wind is drawn so much attention. Therefore many countries
worldwide are planning to use this energy in case of developing the variety of energy sources and improving their environment.
In associate with this movement, the wind generator producers are creating bigger and more high-tech generators. Due to the fact
that wind is not predictable in associate with its non-linear behavior and changing through time, controlling of wind generator will
be difficult. This situation needs a modern technology to meet needed efficiency, reliability and availability. The focus of this research
is on application of a method for order reduction of wind generator system without loss of issue generality that this causes easier
controlling actions. The target of this research is using of singular perturbation method for modeling and order reduction of wind
generator equations in case of performing suitable control for blade angle. Appropriate change of blade angle leads constancy of rotor
speed and will control it. In order to control of rotor speed and its adjustment in definite speed range of wind, the LQG controller
is applied. Also FAST simulator is applied for modeling and assessment of controller. This simulator is allocated to the American
national laboratory of renewable energies. In the mentioned simulator, the model of a 5 MW wind generator is applied. For accuracy
checking of controller’s operation, the modelling results are compared with a Proportional-Integrator controller and the achieved
result of designed controller was significant better.
arashrezaee1980@gmail.com

Journal of Fundamentals of Renewable Energy and Applications

ISSN: 2090-4541
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DOI: 10.4172/2090-4541-C1-051

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“Disordered” organic thermoelectrics: Venue to improve performance

H L Kwok
University of Victoria, Canada

“Disordered” organic thermoelectrics have been shown to possess figure-of-merits (ZT) somewhat comparable to the best nano-
structured inorganics. The reason appears to be related to the treatments that will increase carrier density (to values approaching
that of a metal) while maintaining ultra-low thermal conductivity. Recent values of ZT approaching one have been reported in
conducting organics even though details were not provided as to how physical changes could improve performance. As is well known,
the parameters pertaining to the figure-of-merit of ZT (=S2T/ρκ) include the “Seebeck” coefficient S; the electrical resistivity ρ; and
the thermal conductivity κ, all of which can be interrelated. In this work, we outlined the established theories linking charge and heat
transport to parameters as appearing in the literature and showed how individually they affected the thermoelectric figure-of-merit.
As anticipated, there will be barriers making it difficult to control/optimize one set of parameters without affecting the rest. This is
more critical when the conductivity of the organics borders between that of a metal and a semiconductor. An attempt will be made
to identify the effects under such a transition. To improve performance, we will pay particular attention to the thermal relaxation
process and how phonon relaxation time can be minimized. As expected, optimization will require a balancing between thermal and
electronic transport with potentially the former playing the leading role.
hlkwok@ece.uvic.ca

Journal of Fundamentals of Renewable Energy and Applications

ISSN: 2090-4541
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DOI: 10.4172/2090-4541-C1-051

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Voltage regulation with energy strorage application in distribution feeders with high penetration of PV
J O Petinrin1, Mohamed Shaaban2, J O Agbolade1 and D A Olatunji1
1
Federal Polytechnic Ede, Nigeria
2
Port Said University, Egypt

P hotovotiaics (PVs) integration to the distribution feeder is on the increase. The variability and uncertainty of the renewable
energy (RE), however, can potentially cause a voltage deviation from the permissible limits and disruption of normal operation of
voltage/VAr (VVAr) control devices. This paper proposes a platform, in the operation timescale, to maintain voltage regulation and
facilitates the smoother integration of renewable energy into the distribution feeder with PV energy sources. With the objective of
improving system-wide voltage profile and minimal losses, the operation of VAr control devices and energy storage, is coordinated
in the operational timescale. A Genetic Algorithm (GA) based-optimization method is used to consider the optimum settings of the
VAr control devices and the dispatch of energy storage. The effectiveness of the proposed method is validated through a time sequence
analysis over a 24-hourly simulation period, applied to the IEEE 123 test feeder. Test results depict clearly that the coordinated
operation among the control devices, along with the energy storage, causes reduction in system losses and enhances system capability
to maintain voltages within the statutory bounds under various penetration levels of PV energy sources.
jopetinrin2@gmail.com

Journal of Fundamentals of Renewable Energy and Applications

ISSN: 2090-4541
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DOI: 10.4172/2090-4541-C1-051

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Characterizing selected south western agricultural residuals for metallurgical purpose

Oladebeye D H and Olorunnishola A A G
Federal Polytechnic, Nigeria

T his paper presents some analyses of the characteristics of selected South Western agricultural residuals and recommendations of
the residuals as metallurgical fuel based on their characterization. Alternative fuel for cupola furnace in iron melting industries
has been a major challenge in Nigeria. The viability of using selected agricultural residuals for iron melting purpose was explored.
Samples of wood from Akala, Mahogany, Mansonia, Teak, Ahun, Gmelina and Iroko were sourced from Ado Ekiti, Ekiti State,
Nigeria and sun dried for 21 days. The charcoals samples were produced using slow pyrolysis method. The study of the proximate
and ultimate analyses of the selected charcoals indicate that all the ash contents of the selected charcoals are within the limit required
for Ajaokuta coke (≤13.45 %) and this may result in decreased consumption rate of the selected charcoals and higher efficiency of
the metallurgical process. Teak has the least moisture content followed by Akala, Mahogany and Iroko. Teak also has highest calorific
value of (27.878 MJ/kg) followed by Mahogany (26.266 MJ/kg), Akala (26.074 MJ/kg) and Iroko (25.951 MJ/kg). The low value of
sulphur contents of the selected charcoals may prevent the metal from splitting when forged. The result of analysis of variance showed
that there are significant differences in calorific values and moisture contents of the test samples both between and within the seven
selected wood species (p<0.05). From the analysis, charcoal from Teak is the most preferred for metallurgical purpose followed by
Mahogany, Akala and Iroko. The high calorific value of Teak residual may be the probable reason why it is mostly preferred to other
available selected species and hence the need for sustainable plantation of this specie of tree in the study area.
dayobeye@yahoo.com

Journal of Fundamentals of Renewable Energy and Applications

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Characterization of agricultural residues for energy purposes

Pedro Casanova Treto and Kattia Solís Ramírez
University of Costa Rica, USA

I n Costa Rica there is a great variety of agricultural residues that are presenting an environmental problem. Due to this, two of the
main residues have been studied: coffee pulp and pineapple stubble for energy purposes. For this purpose, pellets were obtained
from them and from a mixture made up in a 50:50 mass ratio of each residue. The study was performed under different values
of moisture and particle size for each pellet processing. Unit density and apparent density were determined with values between
1.09 kg/dm3 to 1.32 kg/dm3, 555.30 kg/m3 to 578.23 kg/m3 respectively. In the case of friability and durability results were found
with values ranging from 0.89 to 0.99 and 92.29% to 98.33% respectively, values that meet the requirements of the standard. It was
determined that the physical properties improved for higher moisture values and lower particle size. In addition, the material used
was characterized by finding high contents of sulfur, chlorine and nitrogen in the pineapple stubble that are above that recommended
in the standard. The coffee pulp fulfilled all the established in the standard and presented values of lignin superior to the pineapple
stubble benefiting the process of pelletizing.
pcasanova2000@gmail.com

Journal of Fundamentals of Renewable Energy and Applications

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CFD-ADGBR-CFD analysis of a downdraft gasifier working with biomass residues

Randall Salazar Esquivel
University of Costa Rica, USA

T he study and characterization of various biomasses as an energy resource has been a topic of research that has been given more
attention in recent years, mainly due to its potential energy potential and high production volumes. Biomass gasification is a
promising technology, efficient in energy production, which can make a significant contribution to the generation of renewable
energy. Costa Rica presents great potential for the use of biomass residues for energy production. The production of lignocellulosic
biomass residues from the main agricultural activities at the national level reached approximately 6 500 000 tonnes per year in 2010,
which highlights the importance of implementing this type of techniques as a means of exploiting biomass residues in the agricultural
industry. In the present investigation, gasification was evaluated as an alternative to the use of biomass residues, studying the behavior
of synthesis gas production through the computational fluid dynamics modeling by varying different physicochemical conditions,
which allow to validate the implementation of this type of technology as an efficient biomass conversion tool in a renewable fuel. A
mathematical model has been developed which describes the behavior of the biomass when exposed to the gasification dynamics,
analyzing the thermodynamic behavior and the production of chemical species in the different stages of gasification. The simulation of
Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) is based on the biomass downdraft gasifier designed by the Institute of Engineering Research
(IINI) of the University of Costa Rica, in San José, Costa Rica. Biomass gasification modeling was based on a multiphase approach,
where both the gas phase and the solid phase were described using an Eulerian approach to model mass, energy and momentum
exchanges between phases. The biomass bed constituted by sawmill residue pellets was described using the kinetic theory of granular
flows. The chemical modeling was based on the transport of species, involving five homogeneous reactions and eight species in gas
phase (CO2, CO, O2, N2, CH4, H2O, H2 and volatile compounds). The standard κ-ε model was included as a representative model of
the turbulent flow characteristics in the reactor.
randall-rase@hotmail.com

Journal of Fundamentals of Renewable Energy and Applications

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Framework for integrated energy system considering flexible demand resources in smart city
Yi Ding
Zhejiang University, China

I ntelligent energy is an essential part of smart city for meeting environmental pollution and greenhouse gas emissions. More
Renewable Energy Sources (RES) are distributed in the urban area, for example, solar panels on the roofs, wind generators
in the square and geothermal energy in the neighborhoods. However, the utilization ratio of RES is not high due to its inherent
intermittence and fluctuation. Moreover, electricity is becoming the main forms of energy consumption as the increasing proportion
of Electric Vehicles (EV) and Thermostatically Controlled Loads (TCL). With the development of Information and Communication
Technology (ICT), the electricity industry is undergoing unprecedented revolution to consume these distributed RES by the demand
side. Flexible demand resources, such as EVs, TCLs and batteries, have enormous potential in improving the utilization of RES. Two
large-scale demonstration projects will establish the prototype of the future intelligent energy system considering flexible demand
resources: the EcoGrid EU and the Friendly Interactive System of Supply and Demand (FISSD), which are implemented in Europe
and China, respectively. In EcoGrid EU project, small-scale distributed RESs and small end-consumers can actively participate in a
real-time electricity market by responding to five min real time electricity prices. It has improved the utilization rate of RES by 8%.
FISSD project will take advantage of ICT to realize an efficient interaction between consumers and the smart grid. Around 110,000
residential customers will be selected and equipped with smart devices. It will be one of the largest demonstrations of flexible demand
resources in the world.
yiding@zju.edu.cn

Journal of Fundamentals of Renewable Energy and Applications

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A cooperative game theoretic analysis for solar photovoltaic projects

Yu Zeng
Tianjing University School of Management and Economics, China

S olar energy is one of the most promising clean energies and plays a strategic role in the new energy development. This paper applies
the classic irreversible investment model in real option theory to analyze the investors’ decision-making for solar photovoltaic
projects by evaluating the economic and social benefits. A two-phase mechanism is built into the model for decision-making. Firstly,
we formulate the real options method for each investment subjects to analyze the defer option value and optimal investment timing
for solar photovoltaic projects. Secondly, we calculate with the purpose of maximizing the overall interests of both sides by using
expanded NPV function; besides, this paper analyses the equilibrium solution's character, and examines the parameters’ effect on the
decision-making of the public and the private sector under dynamic game with complete information. Finally, a numerical example
is presented to test the effectiveness of the model. The results show the cooperative game process between investment subjects and
will be helpful for stimulating investment.
zeng_yu0814@163.com

Journal of Fundamentals of Renewable Energy and Applications

ISSN: 2090-4541
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DOI: 10.4172/2090-4541-C1-051

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Platinum alloy nanocatalyst with manipulated particle composition and morphology for improved ORR
property
Zhenmeng Peng
The University of Akron, USA

C atalyst activity and durability are two confronted difficulties in the Oxygen Reduction Reaction (ORR) research for fuel cell
applications. Pt remains the most effective element for ORR in acidic electrolyte for both reaction kinetics and durability
considerations. Because of a high Pt price and its insufficient activity, extensive studies have been devoted to decreasing the Pt
usage by searching new Pt nanostructures with improved ORR property. The discovery that single crystalline Pt3Ni (111) can exhibit
exceptionally high ORR activity points to a strategy for solving the problem by using octahedral Pt alloy nanoparticles. However
there are two challenges remained with the octahedral Pt alloy nanocatalyst strategy: the developed wet synthetic methods have low
scaling-up capacity and surface contamination issue and are thus not suitable for mass production of the shaped Pt alloy nanoparticles;
currently researched octahedral Pt alloy nanoparticles have insufficient durability. We realize scalable and surfactant-free production
of octahedral Pt alloy nanoparticle catalysts by developing a new impregnation method. The prepared octahedral Pt2CuNi/C uniform
alloy nanoparticle catalyst exhibited both excellent ORR mass activity of 2.35 A/mg Pt at 0.90 V vs. RHE and promising stability, with
81.3% and 68.1% retained activity after 4,000 and 10,000 cycles of durability test. The finding provides insights on factors determining
the particle stability and offers guidance on development of highly active and durable ORR catalyst for real applications.
zpeng@uakron.edu

Journal of Fundamentals of Renewable Energy and Applications

ISSN: 2090-4541
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