JULY 2018 CONFIDENTIAL

APPENDIX 1
LIST OF FORMULA AND GRAPH

Chapter 2.1: Principle of Mass Transfer

p  p A2 
D AB
J A  A1
RT z
DAB P ( p A1  p A2 )
NA 
RT ( z2  z1 ) ( P  p A ) M
p i  Pi o xi
 Pyi  P   Pi sat xi
Pi sat xi
yi 
P
Py
xi  sati
Pi
 xi  1
1
P
 yi / Pi sat 
dc A
J A   D AB
dz
p A1  p A2
( P  p A ) LM 
ln ( P  p A2 ) /( P  p A1 )
Chapter 2.2: Distillation Process
FxF = DxD + BxB
Ln D R 1
y n1  xn  xD or y n 1  xn  xD
Vn1 Vn1 R 1 R 1

Lm B
y m1  xm  xB
Vm1 Vm1
q x
yq  xq  F
q 1 q 1
Rmin 1
y*  x* xD
Rmin  1 Rmin  1
xD  y *
Rmin 
y * x *
xD 1  xB
log( )
1  xD xB
Nm 
log  av
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Vn+1=Ln+D
Vm+1=Lm-B
F+ Ln = Lm

Ln
R
D
yA / xA yA / xA
 AB  
y B / x B (1  y A ) /(1  x A )
PA0 x A
yA 
P
PB0 x B
yB 
P
P0
 AB  A0
PB
 AB x A
yA 
1  ( AB  1) x A

Chapter 2.3: Absorption Process

V’=VN+1(1-yN+1)
VT=V’+V1
y1=V1 / VT
LNT=Lo+LN
xN=LN / LNT
A1=Atop=L/mV=Lo/mV1
AN=Abottom=LN/mVN+1
Aav=(A1.AN)1/2
y N 1  mx0 1 1
log[ (1  )  ]
y1  mx0 A A
N
log A
L'
LN 
1 x
PA  H .NX A
V'
VN 
1  yN
p A  H .x A
y A  H ' xA

yA  H ' xA

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 k 'x /(1  xA )iM

m
k ' y /(1  y A )iM
y Ai  y A 
m' 
x Ai  x AL
y  y Ai
m' '  AG
x A   x Ai
 k 'x a /(1  x1 )
m
k ' y a /(1  y1 )
 k 'x a /(1  x)iM
m
k ' y a /(1  y)iM

(1  y Ai )  (1  y AG )
(1  y A )iM 
ln[( 1  y Ai ) /(1  y AG )]
(1  x AL )  (1  x Ai )
(1  x A )iM 
ln[( 1  x AL ) /(1  x Ai )]
(1  y A )  (1  y AG )
(1  y A )*M 
ln[( 1  y A ) /(1  y AG )]

(1  x AL )  (1  x A )
(1  x A )*M 
ln[( 1  x AL ) /(1  x A )]

(1  yi1 )  (1  y1 )
(1  y )iM 
ln[( 1  yi1 ) /(1  y1 )]
(1  x1 )  (1  xi1 )
(1  x) iM 
ln[( 1  x1 ) /(1  xi1 )]
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(1  y1)  (1  y1 )
(1  y )*M 
ln[( 1  y1) /(1  y1 )]
( y1  yi1 )  ( y2  yi 2 )
( y  yi ) M 
ln[( y1  yi1 ) /( y2  yi 2 )]

( y1  y1)  ( y2  y2 )
( y  y) M 
ln[( y1  y1) /( y2  y2 )]
( xi1  x1 )  ( xi 2  x2 )
( xi  x) M 
ln[( xi1  x1 ) /( xi 2  x2 )]

( x 1  x1 )  ( x 2  x2 )
( x   x) M 
ln[( x 1  x1 ) /( x 2  x2 )]
1 1 m'
 
K ' y /(1  y A )*M k ' y /(1  y A )iM k 'x /(1  xA )iM
1 1 1
 
K 'x /(1  xA )*M m' ' k ' y /(1  y A )iM k 'x /(1  xA )iM
1 1 m'
 
K ' y a /(1  y)*M k ' y a /(1  y)iM k 'x a /(1  x)iM
k 'y k 'x
NA  ( y AG  y Ai )  ( xAi  xAL )
(1  y A )iM (1  xA )iM
K 'y K 'x
NA  ( y AG  y A )  ( xA   xAL )
(1  y A )*M (1  xA )*M
Vav
( y1  y2 )  k ' y az ( y  yi ) M
S
Lav
( x1  x2 )  k 'x az ( xi  x) M
S
Vav
( y1  y2 )  K ' y az ( y  y) M
S
Lav
( x1  x2 )  K 'x az ( x *  x) M
S
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Chapter 2.4: Extraction Process

F S  RE M
FxF  SyS  Rx R  EyE  MxM

Fx FC  Sy SC
xCM 
FS
FxFA  Sy SA
x AM 
FS
y Ak
xA 
1 k
k (1  y A )
xC 
1 k
FACTORS FOR UNIT CONVERSIONS
Mass 1 kg = 1000 g = 0.001 metric ton = 2.20462 lbm = 35.27392 oz
1 lbm = 16 oz = 5 x 10 - 4 ton = 453.593 g = 0.453593 kg
0
Length 1m = 100 cm = 1000 mm = 106 microns (m) = 1010 angstroms ( A )
= 39.37 in = 3.2808 ft = 1.0936 yd = 0.0006214 mile
1 ft = 12 in = 1/3 yd = 0.3048 m = 30.48 cm
Volume 1 m3 = 1000 liters = 106 cm3 = 106 ml
= 35.3145 ft3 = 220.83 imperial gallons = 264.17 gal
= 1056.68 qt
3
1ft = 1728 in3 = 7.4805 gal = 0.028317 m3 = 28.317 liters
= 28 317 cm3
Force 1N = 1 kg.m/s2 = 105 dynes = 105 g.cm/s2 = 0.22481 lbf
1 lbf = 32.174 lbm.ft/s2 = 4.4482 N = 4.4482 x 105 dynes
Pressure 1 atm = 1.01325 x 105 N/m2 (Pa) = 101.325 kPa = 1.01325 bars
= 1.01325 x 106 dynes/cm2
= 760 mm Hg at 0C (torr) = 10.333 m H2O at 4C
Energy 1J = 1 N.m = 107 ergs = 107 dyne.cm
= 2.778 x 10-7 kW.h = 0.23901 cal
= 0.7376 ft-lbf = 9.486 x 10 - 4 Btu
Power 1W = 1 J/s = 0.23901 cal/s = 0.7376 ft.lbf/s = 9.486 x 10 - 4 Btu/s
= 1.341 x 10 - 3 hp
Temperature 0 0C = 273.15 K = 32 0F

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GAS LAW CONSTANT R

Numerical Value Units

1.9872 g cal/g mol.K

1.9872 btu/lb mol.oR
82.057 cm3.atm/g mol.K
8314.34 J/kg mol.K
82.057 x 10-3 m3.atm/kg mol.K
8314.34 kg.m2/s2.kg mol.K
10.731 ft3.lbf/in.2.lb mol.oR
0.7302 ft3.atm/lb mol.oR
1545.3 ft.lbf/lb mol.oR
8314.34 m3.Pa/kg mol.K

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