1.

ABRASION: Mechanical wear of aggregates and rocks resulting from friction

and impact.
2. ABSORPTION: Water that is retained in any material after a certain time of
exposition
3. ACCESS: Entry and exit of a work or installation from a public road.
4. ACERA: Part of an urban road or a work of art exclusively destined
pedestrian traffic. It is also called trail.
5. ADHERENCE: Physical union or resistance that occurs at the contact surface
of two bodies when one tries to slip or peel off another.
6. AFFIRMATION: Compact layer constituted by
natural or processed gravel, usually with a clay
binder content, which is placed on the
subgrade one way. It works as a rolling surface.
 7. AGLOMERANTE: Material able to join particles of inert material by effects
physical or chemical transformations or both.
8. AGGREGATE: Granular material of
mineralogical composition such as
sand, gravel, scoria, or crushed rock,
used to be mixed in different sizes.

9. ALTITUDE: Height or vertical distance of a surface point of the ground with

respect to sea level. It is usually identified with the acronym "msnm"
(meters above the level of the sea).
10.ASPHALT: Cementing material, of dark brown color to black, constituted
mainly by bitumens of natural origin or obtained by oil refining. He Asphalt
is found in varying proportions in most crude oil.

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11.BACHEO: Routine maintenance activity consisting of filling and compaction
Potholes or depressions that may appear on the running surface.
12.BACHES: Depression that forms on the running surface product of wear
caused by vehicular traffic and localized disintegration.
13.BADEN: Structure built with stone and / or concrete to allow vehicular
traffic over streams of seasonal flow or minor water flows. In turn, they
allow the passage of water, materials and other elements on the running
surface.
14.BANQUETA: Slope stabilization work consisting of the construction of one
or more successive terraces on the slope. The term banquette is also used
for build a terrace on the slope next to the road destined to fulfill the
requirement of the minimum visibility distance of vehicle stop.
15.BARRENO: Instrument in spiral form, with a helical element, for drill or
make holes.
16.BARRIER OR TRANQUERA: Obstacle placed for deviation of vehicular
traffic.
17.BASE: Layer of selected and processed material that is placed between the
top of a sub base or subgrade and rolling layer. This layer can be also of
asphalt mix or with treatments according to designs. The base is part of the
structure of a pavement.
18.BENCH MARK (BM): topographical reference of coordinate and altimetry of
a point marked on the ground, intended to serve as control of the
elaboration and redefinition of the plans of the project of a road.
19.BERMA: Longitudinal stripe, parallel and adjacent to the running surface of
the road, which is used as a safety zone for vehicle parking in emergency
and confinement of the rolling layer.
20.BIFURCATION: Division of a branch line, one of which at least move away
from the primitive direction.
21.BITUMEN: A type of black or dark cementitious substance (solid, semi-solid,
or viscose), natural or manufactured, composed mainly of hydrocarbons
from high molecular weight, typical asphalts, tars (or tars), bitumens and
the asphalts.
22.BOLOGNA: Rocky fragment, usually rounded by weathering or abrasion,
with an average dimension of more than 12 "(305mm).
23.BOTTLE: Place chosen to deposit waste in a way that does not affect the
environment.
24.CALICATA: Surface excavation carried out on a plot of land, with the
purpose of allow observation of soil strata at different depths and
eventually get samples usually disturbed.
25.CHANNEL: It is a ditch built to receive and prosecute medium or small
amounts of water from natural terrain or other drainage work.
26.CARRYING: Transportation of materials at different distances in the area of
the work
27.CAUCE: Bed of rivers, streams and streams.
28.CLIFF: Steep slope that recedes or is eroded by the effect of marine waves,
fluvial current or other elements related to the weather.
29.CONCRETE: Mixture of binder material (aggregate) and fine aggregates
thick. In normal concrete, commonly used as a binder, the Portland cement
and water, but may also contain additives to give qualities that they lack or
to improve what they possess.
30.CORROSION: Gradual destruction of metal structures by action of external
agents.
31.CUT : Test according to which a soil subjected to a normal load fails when
moving one section with respect to another.
32.DEMULSIBILITY: Procedure for the stability test of the fast-breaking anionic
and cationic asphalt emulsions.
33.DENSITY: Relationship between the mass and the volume of a body.
34.DENSITY IN THE SITE: Procedure to determine the unit weight of the soils
in the field.
35.DERRUMBE: Detachment and precipitation of masses of earth and stone,
hindering the free transit of vehicles along the way.
36.DEBROCE: Action to cut and eliminate all bush, grass, brush, vegetation that
grows on the sides of the road and that prevents its visibility.
37.DISINTEGRATION: The progressive separation of aggregate particles in the
pavement, from the surface down or from the edges inwards. The
Disintegration can be caused by lack of compaction, construction of a very
thin layer in cold periods, dirty or disintegrating aggregate, very little
asphalt in the mixture, or overheating of the asphalt mixture.
38.DESQUINCHE: Action to eliminate all stone, rock or material located on the
slope that shows signs of instability, avoiding the fall of said elements
towards the gutters or rolling surface.
39.DISTILLATION: Procedure for separation of the residue, oil distilled. There
are also liquid asphalts.
40.EROSION: Wear caused by water on the running surface or other elements
of the road.
41.ESCORRENTÍA: Rainwater that runs through the surface of the land.
 42.FINE: Portion of the fine aggregate or floor that passes the No. 200 mesh.
43.FISSURE: Fine fracture, of various origins, with a width equal to or less than
3 millimeters
44.FLEXIBILITY: The property of an asphalt pavement to adjust to settlements
in the foundation. Generally, a high content of asphalt improves the
flexibility of a mixture.

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45.GRAVEL BANK: Material found in natural deposits and usually mixed in
greater or lesser amounts with fine material, such as sand or clay, resulting
in different combinations; for example, hard clay, gravel sand, clayey gravel,
sandy gravel, etc.
46.GRAVA: It is the coarse aggregate, coming from the natural or artificial
disaggregation of stone materials
47.GUARDAVÍAS: Road safety device placed on the edges or separators of the
roads.
48.HORIZON YEAR: Year for whose foreseeable traffic the road should be
projected.
49.LIMESTONE: Sedimentary rock, usually marine, of clastic origin.
50.PAVING: Type of pavement whose running surface is formed by
prefabricated concrete pavers or carved rock.
51.PUMPING: Transverse inclination that is built in the zones in tangent to
each side of the axis of the platform of a road in order to facilitate drainage
side of the road.
52. QUARRY: Place where there is appropriate material to be used in the
construction, rehabilitation, improvement and / or maintenance of roads
 53.ROAD: Land route for the transit of motorized and non-motorized vehicles,
pedestrians and animals, with the exception of railways.
54.ROAD DIAGRAMS: Official documents that graph, in a simple way, the
National Highway System (SINAC) within the political demarcation of each
Department.
55.ROUTE RIGHT: Strip of land of variable width within which it is located
including the road, its complementary works, services, areas foreseen for
future expansion or improvement works, and safety zones for the user.
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56.STABILITY UNDER WATER: The soil's capacity to conserve its properties
volumetric and / or support under the condition of immersion in water.
57.STABILITY: The property of an asphalt paving mix to resist deformation
under imposed loads. Stability is a function of cohesion and the internal
friction of the material.
58.SOIL STABILIZATION: General concept that considers improvement of the
physical properties of a soil through mechanical procedures and
incorporation of chemical products, natural or synthetic.
59.STACA: Element of wood, metal or other with tip at one end, which is jacked
in the field to score a point.
60.STACADO: Points marked on the ground by stakes that indicate positions.
61.STATION: Point of land on which the topographic apparatus is located for
make the corresponding measurement.
62.STAY: Indirect measurement of distance
63.SETTING: Process a mixture of concrete or mortar to reach progressively
the design resistance
64.TRANSIT ACCIDENT: Any casualty or occurrence between one or more
vehicles on a public road or open to the public.
65.TENDER BASE: Document that contains all the provisions, conditions and
procedures for conducting a tender and for control of the work during its
execution and until its final settlement.
66.THICKNESS: It is the height or thickness that has a layer of embankment and
or pavement.
67.TOTAL STATION: Topographic instruments that combine an electronic
theodolite and an electronic distance meter with its corresponding
microprocessor.
68.TRANSIT FLOW: Movement of vehicles moving through a section given one
wain a given time.
69. VICAT APPARATUS: Instrument used to determine the normal consistency
of hydraulic cement
70.WORKER ACCIDENT: Injury or death of workers arising from unexpected
and sudden way within the work area.