Omar, et al1. (2003) presented the results of modified Proctor compaction tests on 311 soil samples.

Based on
the tests:

ρd(max) =√4804574GS – 195.55(LL)2 + 156971√R4 – 9527830

2
ln wopt = 1.195×10–4 (LL) – 1.964 GS – 6.617×10–5 R4 + 7.651

Where:
ρdmax = maximum dry density in kg/m3.
wopt = optimum moisture content in %.
R4 = percent retained in No. 4 sieve.

1
Mahar Omar, Abdallah Shanableh, Adnan Basma and Samer Barakat. (University of Sharjah), Compaction Characteristics
of Granular Soils in United Arab Emirates (2003).

Mujtaba et al1. (2013) conducted laboratory compaction tests on 110 sandy soil samples. Based on the test
results, the following correlations were provided for γd(max) and wopt.

γd(max) = 4.49 logCu + 1.51 log E + 10.2

log wopt = 1.67 – 0.193 logCu – 0.153 log E

Where:
E = compaction energy (kN•m/m3)

1
Hassan Mujtaba, Khalid Farooq (University of Engineering and Technology, Lahore, Pakistan), Nagaratnam Sivakugan
(James Cook University), Braja Das (California State University, Sacramento), Correlation Between Gradation Parameters
and Compaction Characteristics of Sandy Soils (2013).

Based on laboratory compaction tests on 55 clean sands (less than 5% finer than No. 200 sieve), Patra et al.1
(2010) provided the following relationships:

Dr = AD50 –B

A = 0.216 ln E – 0.850

B = –0.03 ln E + 0.306

Where:
Dr = maximum relative density of compaction achieved with compaction energy E.
D50 = median grain size.

1
C. R. Patra (National Institute of Technology, Rourkela), Nagaratnam Sivakugan (James Cook University), Braja Das
(California State University, Sacramento), Shuvranshu Rout (Tata Consulting), Correlations for Relative Density of Clean
Sand with Median Grain Size and Compaction Energy (2010).

Gurtug and Sridharan1 (2004) proposed correlations for optimum moisture content and maximum dry unit
weight with the plastic limit of cohesive soils. These correlations can be expressed as:

wopt = (1.95 – 0.38 log E )(PL)

γd(max) = 22.68e–0.0183wopt
Where:
PL = Plastic limit in percent
wopt = optimum moisture content, in percent
E = compaction energy (kN•m/m3)

1
Yesim Gurtug, (East Mediterranean University, Gazimagusa, Cyprus), A. Sridharan (Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore),
Compaction Behaviour and Prediction of Its Characteristics of Fine Grained Soils With Particular Reference to Compaction
Energy. (2010).

Sivrikaya, et al. (2008) analyzed a number of laboratory compaction test results on fine grained cohesive soil,
including those provided by Gurtug and Sridharan (2004). Based on this study, the following correlations were
developed:

wopt = (1.99 – 0.165 ln E )(PI)

γd(max) = L – Mwopt
Where:

L = 14.34 + 1.195 ln E
M = –0.19 + 0.073 ln E

Where:
PI = Plasticity index, in percent
wopt = Optimum moisture content, in percent.

1
Sivrikaya, Osman, Kayadelen, Cafer (Nigde University, Nigde, Turkey) and Togrol, Ergun (Istanbul University,
Turkey), Estimating Compaction Behavior of Fine Grained Soils Based on Compaction Energy. (2008)

di Matteo et al1. (2009) analyzed the results of 71 fine grained soils and provided the following correlations for
optimum water content and maximum dry unit weight for modified Proctor tests:

LL
wopt = –0.86(LL) + 3.04 ( ) + 2.2
Gs

γd(max) = 40.316wopt –0.295 PI 0.032 – 2.40

Where:
LL = Liquid limit, in percent
PI = Plasticity index, in percent

di Matteo, Lucio, Bigotti, Federica (University of Perugia), and Ricco, Remo (Istituto Sperimentale per l’Edilizia), Best-Fit
1

Models to Estimate Modified Proctor Properties of Compacted Soil. (2009).