DCG2043 Engineering Surveying 1

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL
ENGINEERING
DIPLOMA IN LAND SURVEYING

ENGINEERING SURVEYING 1

PRACTICAL / LAB SHEET

CURRICULUM DEVELOPMENT & EVALUATION SECTIONS

CURRICULUM DEVELOPMENT & CAREER TRAINING DIVISION

DEPARTMENT OF POLYTECHNIC EDUCATION

PREFACE

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 DCG2043 Engineering Surveying 1

This Lab sheet edition is issued as a guide to efficient execution of

practical/ lab work for Diploma Geomatic course in Malaysia’s Polytechnics.

It has been prepared and compiled with the assistance and advice of
Geomatic Lab Sheets Committee.

Special credit to officers and personnel from various polytechnics who

contributed valuable information in the preparation process, the Geomatics
Academic Committee who reviewed large part of lab sheet and the
Curriculum & Evaluation Section in the Curriculum Development & Career
Training Division, Ministry of Education Malaysia
for providing us with a good environment and facilities to complete
this lab sheet.

Finally, an honorable mention goes to Pn Asuralyzah binti Salleh for her

ideas, understandings and supports on us in completing this lab sheet.

Syarifah Lailaton Khadijah bt Syed Abdullah

Siti Yukarni Bt Jusoh

Hong Fook Sang

Polytechnic Ungku Omar,

Ipoh Perak

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 DCG2043 Engineering Surveying 1

Table Of Content

Course Description

DCG2013 – ENGINEERING SURVEYING 1

Lab sheet 1:
Traverse (Bearing & Distance) Using Total Station

Lab sheet 2:
Two Peg Test

Lab sheet 3:
Closed And Series Levelling Survey

Lab sheet 4:
Longitudinal Section And Cross Section

Lab sheet 5:
Contour Survey

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 DCG2043 Engineering Surveying 1

POLYTECHNICS
MINISTRY OF HIGHER EDUCATION
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

COURSE : DCG2043 ENGINEERING SURVEYING 1

CREDIT(S) : 3

PRE REQUISITE(S) : NONE

SYNOPSIS

ENGINEERING SURVEYING 1 provides basic knowledge in engineering surveying. The

course emphasizes on angle and distance measurement, leveling, area and volume works. It
also provides early exposure to students in practical work.

COURSE LEARNINGOUTCOME (CLO)

Upon completion of this course, the students should be able to:

1. explain correctly the different types of surveying method. (C1, PLO1)

2. calculate area, volume problems by using mathematical and graphical method and
leveling work. (C3, PLO1)

3. conduct angle observation and distance measurement by using survey equipment

according to survey regulation. (P2, PLO2)

4. demonstrate leveling according to the standard misclose. (A3, PLO4)

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Labsheet 1 : Traverse (Bearing & Distance) Using Total Station

OUTCOMES RTA : 6 hours

Students will be able to :

i. Observe of horizontal angles and vertical angles by using Compass and Total Station.
ii. Observe of horizontal distance, slope distance and vertical distance by using Total Station.
iii. Create a simple traverse using Total Station.

EQUIPMENTS

No Tools Quantity
1 Total Station 1
3 Prismatic compass 1
4 Tripod 3
5 Hammer 1
6 Prism 2
9 Picket
10 Field book 1

WORKING PROCEDURES

1. Conduct a field reconnaissance at given area determined by lecturer.

2. Start work by using us prismatic compass to get datum value.
3. Distance between station must be more than 30 meters and less than 80 meters.
4. Set up the tripod and Total Station instrument at station point.
5. Level the instruments through the circle bubble is located at the center.

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Cross-hair (bubble located at the center)

6. Setup first prism as back station and second prism as forward station

7. Focus and target first prism (back sight)

8. Measure for bearing, horizontal distance, vertical angles and slope distance.
9. Transit Total Station to forward station and target the prism (foresight).
10. Measure for bearing, horizontal distance, vertical angles and slope distance.
11. Repeat above steps to complete the traverse.
12. Each group must conduct first class traverse, complete with field book and traverse
adjustment calculation.

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Figure 1.0 Station of immediate significance

Figure 1.1 Diagram of a traverse

REPORT

At the end of this practical, student must within report as follows case:
i) Field work title
ii) Purpose / Objective
iii) Equipment used ( with pictures / sketch)
iv) Field work procedure
v) Outcome
vi) Analyzed / calculation data (if need)
vii) Comment / Conclusion

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Labsheet 2 : Two Peg Test

OUTCOMES RTA : 6 hours

Students should be able to :-

 Conduct a Two-Peg Test
 Calculate the collimation errors.

PURPOSE

To check for collimation error of the levelling instrument

EQUIPMENTS

No Tools Quantity
1 Leveling instruments 1

2 Staffs 2
3 Tripods 3
4 Hammer 1
5 Staff bubble 2
6 Picket

WORKING PROCEDURES

1. Mark point A,B,C & D the ground with pegs as shown in diagram 2.0
2. Set up the leveling instrument at point C and read staff readings at point A and B.
The readings were marked as a1 and b1.
3. Then set up leveling instrument at point D and again take the staff readings at point
A and B. The readings were marked as a2 b2.

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4. Calculate the height differences from the staff readings using the formula: (a1 – b1) =
(a2 – b2)
5. If the height differences are not the same, there is collimation error and adjustment to
the instrument is needed.

Diagram 2.0

REPORT

At the end of this practical, student must within report as follows case:

I. Field work title

II. Purpose / Objective
III. Equipment used ( with pictures / sketch)
IV. Field work procedure
V. Outcome (plan)
VI. Analyzed / calculation data (if need)
VII. Comment / Conclusion

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Lab Sheet 3 : Closed And Series Levelling Survey

OUTCOMES RTA : 15 hours

Students should be able to :-

 Conduct a levelling survey
 Read the levelling staff and book is the staff readings
 Calculate levelling data for reduced levels

EQUIPMENTS
No Tools Quantity
1 Leveling instruments 1

2 Staffs 2
3 Tripods 3
4 Hammer 1
5 Staff bubble 2
6 Measure Tape 1
7 Picket

WORKING PROCEDURES

1. Locate the TBM or BM for starting point. This will be the starting station and first
backsight (BS).
2. Set up the levelling instrument at an appropriate position (about 30-50 metres from
the BM). At the meantime, a staffman will hold a levelling staff vertically, with the aid
of a staff bubble, on the BM. The first reading taken on this staff is known as the BS
and book accordingly as shown in diagram.

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3. Next, another staffman shall locate the forward point known as the change point and
make sure that the backsight and foresight distances are approximately equal (this is
to eliminate collimation error, if any)
4. The surveyor will then focus to the forward staff held vertically at the change point
(this is the first change point) to read the staff reading, which is known as the foresight
(refer diagram a) and to be booked accordingly as shown in the diagram (c).
5. At the mean time while reading the fore sight (FS), the staffman at BM shall move to
find the next change point (i.e cp2).
6. The instrument man shall move to instrument station 2 (make sure the BS distance is
equal to FS distance) to make the BS and FS reading and intermediate sight (IS) may
be taken.
7. The process shall be repeated until the next nearest BM/TBM is reached. If another
BM/TBM is reached, the levelling circuit is known as the series levelling. If levelling
circuit reached back to the starting BM/TBM, the levelling circuit is known as closed
levelling.

Note :
-Adjust the crosshairs so that they are clear and distinct when you look through
the eyepiece. Direct the instrument towards the level rod and adjust the focus knob
until the rod is crisp and clear.

-Take reading at the middle cross hair to the nearset milimiter and record them in
order.

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SCHEMATIC

FS FS

FS IS BS
IS IS IS FS
IS BS
BS CP3
BS

CP1 CP2

IS IS IS
IS
IS

CP1 CP2 CP3

Figure (a). – Side view and top view

Elev + BS = HI
HI - FS = New Elevation

Figure (b) – Calculation of reduced level

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BS/PB IS/PA FS/PH R F RL REMARK

2.554 100 BM

1.766

0.927

1.963

3.589 CP1

1.422

3.250 0.571

1.925

3.015 0.462 CP2

0.780 TBM

Figure (c) - Booking

REPORT

At the end of this practical, student must within report as follows case:
I. Field work title
II. Purpose / Objective
III. Equipment used ( with pictures / sketch)
IV. Field work procedure
V. Outcome (plan)
VI. Analyzed / calculation data (if need)
VII. Comment / Conclusion

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 DCG2043 Engineering Surveying 1

Lab Sheet 4 : Longitudinal Section And Cross Section

OUTCOMES RTA : 9 hours

Students should be able to :-

 Conduct a longitudinal section and cross section surveying
 Plot longitudinal sections and cross sections

EQUIPMENTS

No Tools Quantity
1 Leveling instruments 1

2 Staffs 2
3 Tripods 3
4 Hammer 1
5 Staff bubble 2
6 Measure Tape 1
7 Picket

WORKING PROCEDURES

Longitudinal Section;

1. Firstly, the center line of the section must be set out on the ground and marked with
pegs (at 10 m) interval along the center line.
2. Then, as soon as the center line has been established levelling can commence.
3. For longitudinal section, it is usually sufficiently accurate to record readings to the
nearest 0.01 m. Level are taken at the following points, the object being to survey
the ground profile as accurately as possible.
i. At the top and ground level of each center line peg, noting the through chainage
of the peg.
ii. At points on the center line at which the ground slope changes.

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iii. Where features cross the center line, such as fences, hedges, road, pavements,
ditches and so on. At points where for example road or pavements cross the
center line, level should be taken at the top and bottom of any banks as well as
bed levels are required.

4. The method of booking longitudinal sections should always be by the height of

collimation method since many intermediate sights will be taken.
5. Distances denoting chainage should be recorded for each level.
6. Good use should be made of the ‘remarks’ column in this type of leveling so that
each point can be clearly identified when plotting.

Cross Section;

1. Starting at a TBM or BM, levels are taken at each centre line pegs and at intervals
along each cross section.
2. These intervals may be regular, for example 10m, 20m, 30m on either side of the
centre line peg or where the ground is undulating, level should be taken at all
changes of slope.
3. The process is continued by taking both the longitudinal and cross sections levels
in the operation and the levelling is finally closed on another known point.

C
TBM B D
A E
1
2

4
10m 10m
5 10m 10m

Instrument Position

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 DCG2043 Engineering Surveying 1

Figure B (1). – Diagram fieldwork of longitudinal section and cross sections.

Figure B (2). – Longitudinal section.

Figure B (3). – Cross sections.

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 DCG2043 Engineering Surveying 1

REPORT
At the end of this practical, student must within report as follows case:
I. Field work title
II. Purpose / Objective
III. Equipment used ( with pictures / sketch)
IV. Field work procedure
V. Outcome (plan)
VI. Analyzed / calculation data (if need)
VII. Comment / Conclusion

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 DCG2043 Engineering Surveying 1

Labsheet 5 : Contour Surveying Using The Grid Method

OUTCOMES RTA : 3 hours

Student will be able to :

 Conduct a contour surveying using grid method
 Plot a contour plan

EQUIPMENTS

No Tools Quantity
1 Leveling instruments 1

2 Staffs 2
3 Tripods 3
4 Hammer 1
5 Staff bubble 2
6 Measure Tape 1
7 Picket

WORK PROCEDURE:

1. The area to be contoured is divided into a series of lines forming squares and ground
levels are taken at the intersection of the grid lines.
2. The sides of the squares can vary from 5 to 30 m, the actual figure depending on the
accuracy required and on the nature of the ground surface.
3. Four lines of ranging staff are set out by taping. Such that each ranging staff marks a
grid point.
4. Determine the position of the TBM reduced level reduced from the nearest BM/TBM
using a series levelling of frame

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 DCG2043 Engineering Surveying 1

TBM
A B C D E F
1
5
m
2
5
3 m
5
m
4
Position of the 5
equipment 5 m
5
6 m
5m 5m 5 5
5m m m

Diagram: 1

5. Provide a grid size of 25mx25m. This grid is divided into 25 plots of the frame size 5m x
5m. Use an optical angle and peg grid row to set up the angle 90 °.
6. Next, locate the box grid by using arrows / pegs.
7. After observing all the grid points, closed back to the TBM/BM as a check to your
levelling work.

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 DCG2043 Engineering Surveying 1

At the end of this practical, student must within report as follows case:
I. Field work title
II. Purpose / Objective
III. Equipment used ( with pictures / sketch)
IV. Field work procedure
V. Outcome (plan)
VI. Analyzed / calculation data (if need)
VII. Comment / Conclusion

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 DCG2043 Engineering Surveying 1

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