Characteristics of the 7 Philosophies of Education
7 Philosophies of Proponents Purpose of the Subjects to be Taught Teaching Strategies and
Curriculum Approaches Education Essentialism William Bagley The main purpose of this Reading & Writing Teachers who follow the philosophy is to help the Math essentialist way of teaching learners acquire basic skill set, Natural Sciences focuses mainly on the mastery intelligence and morals for History of subject matter and basic them to become model citizens. Foreign Languages skills through the use of Literature prescribed textbooks, drill method and the lecture method. Progressivism John Dewey This philosophical school of Skills in Gathering and Teachers following this education aims to develop the Evaluating Information philosophy of teaching use learners to become enlightened Problem Solving Skills experimental methods in and intelligent citizens of a Natural and Social teaching that encourage the democratic society. They Sciences learners to gain knowledge encourage the learners to live from actual experience. fully NOW instead of preparing Teachers in this school of for adult life. educational philosophy also use the “hands-on-minds-on-hearts- on” teaching methodology to let the students interact with nature and society. Perennialism Robert Hutchins and Mortimer The curriculum for this Humanities The perennialist way of Adler philosophical school of General Education teaching is centered on the education aims to develop the Principles of Natural teacher. They utilise the learners’ rational and moral Science Socratic method of teaching and powers and to let them use their Philosophy mutual inquiry sessions. reasoning skills and higher Language faculties according to their History passions and appetites. Conceptual Thinking Existentialism Jean Paul Sartre This school of philosophy deals Humanities The teaching-learning process with the development of the Vocational Education in an existentialist classroom is learner as a whole person and History self-paced and self-directed. It not just the development of the Fine Arts encourages an open and honest mind. They do this by helping Drama individual relationship between the students understand and Creative Expression the learner and the teacher. The appreciate themselves as unique Literature teachers use the values individuals who accept Philosophy clarification strategy. complete responsibility for their thoughts, feelings and actions Behaviourism Ivan Pavlov, Edward Thorndike, The main purpose of the Psychology of Human Teachers under this school of John Watson and Burrhus Frederic behaviourist curriculum is to Behaviour philosophy use behaviourist Skinner develop a favourable learning Stimuli-Response method of teaching in which the environment for the learners to Relationship teacher control physical develop desirable behaviour in variables to get the desired the society. responses from the learners. Linguistic Philosophy JurgenHabermas and Hans Georg Linguistic educational Verbal Communication The experimental method is the Gadamer philosophy works toward the Nonverbal most popular teaching strategy development of the learners’ Communication used by the teachers under this communication skills from Paraverbal philosophy since it is the most them to be able to express Communication effective way of teaching themselves and their ideas. Foreign Language language and communication. Constructivism Jean Piaget and Lev Vygotsky This philosophy of education Knowledge Evaluation A constructivist teacher aims to develop learners to and Synthesis provides the learners adequate become independent and Learning Process and data and information and inherently motivated so that Skills encourage them to interact with they can construct new ideas Research and this data to form their own with the help of proper learning Experimentation hypothesis, predict the outcome, skills. investigate, and invent new ideas and to research for further information.