MICROWAVE ENGINEERING – POZAR – IMPEDANCE MATCHING CHAPTER 05 EXERCISE 10 23/09/2018 15:17:27.

5.10

pozar_05_exercise_10.m

Script source pozar_05_exercise_10.m file and all necessary support

functions included in .zip file pozar_05_exercise_10.zip

Analytical solution with |s11| surface

Z0=50;ZL=Z0/(.4+1j*1.2);
D3=3/8;
Dstep=.0002;drange=[0:Dstep:.5];
D1=drange;D2=D1;

Zin4=zeros(numel(drange),numel(drange));
s11=zeros(numel(drange),numel(drange));

for k=1:1:numel(D1)
for s=1:1:numel(D2)
Zin_stub1=Z0*1j*tan(2*pi*D1(k));
Zin2=(Zin_stub1.^-1+ZL.^-1).^-1;
Zin3=Z0*(Zin2+1j*Z0*tan(2*pi*D3))./(Z0+1j*Zin2*tan(2*pi*D3));
Zin_stub2=Z0*1j*tan(2*pi*D2(s));
Zin4(k,s)=(Zin_stub2.^-1+Zin3.^-1).^-1;
s11(k,s)=(Zin4(k,s)-Z0)/(Zin4(k,s)+Z0);
end
end

hf1=figure(1);hs1=surf(D1,D2,abs(s11))
ax1=hf1.CurrentAxes;
hs1.LineStyle='none'
xlabel('D2');ylabel('D1')

campos(ax1,10*[0 0 100]);
camroll(ax1,-45)

ax1.PlotBoxAspectRatio=[1 1 1]

hold(ax1,'on')
n0=find(drange==.5) % plotting corner to box D1<.5 D2<.5
plot3(ax1,[drange(n0) drange(n0) 0],[0 drange(n0) drange(n0)],…
[5 5 5],'Color',[1 0 0],'LineWidth',3)

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MICROWAVE ENGINEERING – POZAR – IMPEDANCE MATCHING CHAPTER 05 EXERCISE 10 23/09/2018 15:17:27.

Conditioning surface to catch |s11| nulls

% V=1-(abs(s11));
V=10^3*del2(abs(s11));

hf2=figure(2);ax2=gca;surf(V,'Lines','none');xlabel('D1');ylabel('D2');
ax2.XTickLabelMode='manual';
ax2.YTickLabelMode='manual';
ax2.XTickLabel=[0:0.1:.5];ax2.YTickLabel=[0:0.1:.5];

[pks,locs]=findpeaks(V(:),'MinPeakHeight',.99,'MinPeakDistance',200);

[nd1,nd2]=ind2sub(size(V),locs);
hold all;plot3(nd2,nd1,V(nd2,nd1)+2,'ro'); % verifying peaks locations

plot3(ax2,[drange(n0) drange(n0) 0],[0 drange(n0) drange(n0)],…

[5 5 5],'Color',[1 0 0],'LineWidth',3)

Dstep=.0002;drange=[0:Dstep:.5];
D1=drange;D2=D1;

D1=unique(sort(D1(nd1))) D1 =
Columns 1 through 3
0.050600000000000 0.050800000000000 0.051000000000000
Columns 4 through 6
0.051200000000000 0.051400000000000 0.051600000000000
% same as Columns 7 through 9
D1=drange;D2=D1; 0.051800000000000 0.098600000000000 0.098800000000000
D1=D1(unique(sort(nd1)))
D1 =
Columns 1 through 3
0.050600000000000 0.050800000000000 0.051000000000000
Columns 4 through 6
0.051200000000000 0.051400000000000 0.051600000000000
Columns 7 through 9
0.051800000000000 0.098600000000000 0.098800000000000
D2=unique(sort(D2(nd2)))
D2 =
Columns 1 through 3
0.048600000000000 0.048800000000000 0.049000000000000
Columns 4 through 6
0.049200000000000 0.049400000000000 0.049600000000000
..
0.374400000000000 0.374600000000000 0.374800000000000
Columns 31 through 33
0.375000000000000 0.375200000000000 0.375400000000000
Columns 34 through 35
0.375600000000000 0.375800000000000

Now the quite different shape of the peaks returns a different amount of peak locations despite from both previous graphs one can tell that there are 2
clear |s11| nulls. Here is where function kmeans comes quite handy

On the right hand side, the closest that the above locs1 locs2 pks1 pks2
surface and chosen conditioning gets us to peaks = = = =
locations, so far. 608003 4679866 1.037676749975155 1.022294122904170
610504 4682367 1.127321441557838 1.288112420134564
613005 4684868 1.219759148078254 1.616498278070448
Since from |s11| it's highly likely that |s11| has 2 615506 4687369 1.307902495524382 1.813192017180561
nulls within [0 .5] x [0 .5] wavelength fraction D, L 618006 4689870 1.436938848741699 1.479922650697164
stub ength, L=D* , let's use kmeans with k=2. 620507 4692370 1.626818258880166 1.467160456281476
623008 4694871 1.828290158620465 1.526533687583176
625509 4697372 2.008170018700442 1.328279542622017
628009 4699873 2.327551443905220 1.096739121053541
630510 2.920029348588793
633011 3.609215877084772
635512 4.005216276204536
638012 4.917328558982023
640513 10.188490651197503
643014 5.714683330692673
645514 3.641781956334297
648015 3.487384399634491
650516 2.877672242184274
653017 2.296011113485124
655517 1.878303169964850
658018 1.711972650510920
660519 1.518129552003200
663020 1.332318001956141
665520 1.185153344920222
668021 1.096700695677261
670522 1.005028697436138

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MICROWAVE ENGINEERING – POZAR – IMPEDANCE MATCHING CHAPTER 05 EXERCISE 10 23/09/2018 15:17:27.

[idx,C]=kmeans(locs,2) % grouping peaks locations

nlocs=[1:1:numel(locs)] % finging linear indices of peaks locations in locs
nlocs1=nlocs(idx==1) % linear indices of 1st peak locations in locs
nlocs2=nlocs(idx==2)
locs1=locs(nlocs1) % locations in surface of 1st group of peaks
locs2=locs(nlocs2)
pks1=pks(nlocs1) % values of 1st group of peaks
pks2=pks(nlocs2)

[max_pks1,n_max_pks1]=max(pks1) % what value has each peak

[max_pks2,n_max_pks2]=max(pks2)
pks1(n_max_pks1) = 10.188490651197503
pks2(n_max_pks2) = 1.813192017180561

nlocs1(n_max_pks1) % peaks locs in string locator returned by findpeaks = 14

nlocs2(n_max_pks2) = 30

loc_peak1=locs(nlocs1(n_max_pks1)) % peaks locations in V and |s11| = 640513

loc_peak2=locs(nlocs2(n_max_pks2)) = 4687369

[n1_pk1,n2_pk1]=ind2sub(size(V),loc_peak1)
n1_pk1 =
640513 is pointer equivalent to [257 257] 257
n2_pk1 =
257

[n1_pk2,n2_pk2]=ind2sub(size(V),loc_peak2) n1_pk2 =
495
4687369 is pointer equivalent to [495 1875] n2_pk2 =
1875

check on V surface

hold all;plot3(n2_pk1,n1_pk1,V(n2_pk1,n1_pk1)+2,'go',...
'MarkerEdgeColor','g',…
'MarkerFaceColor','g',…
'MarkerSize',10)

hold all;plot3(n2_pk2,n1_pk2,V(n2_pk2,n1_pk2)+2,'ro',...
'MarkerEdgeColor','g',…
'MarkerFaceColor','g',…
'MarkerSize',10)

campos(1.0e+04*[-0.8847438 -2.2297478 0.0012768])

D1=drange;D2=D1;
D11=D1(n1_pk1) D11 = 0.051200000000000
D12=D1(n1_pk2) D12 = 0.098800000000000

D21=D2(n2_pk1) D21 = 0.051200000000000

D22=D2(n2_pk2) D22 = 0.374800000000000

utting all stub lengths in same matrix

D=[D11 D12;D21 D22] D=

0.051200000000000 0.098800000000000
0.051200000000000 0.374800000000000

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John Bofarull Guix jgb2012@sky.com 3/ 6
MICROWAVE ENGINEERING – POZAR – IMPEDANCE MATCHING CHAPTER 05 EXERCISE 10 23/09/2018 15:17:27.

Frequency response directly connecting component impedances

c0=2.998e8;

stubs physical lengths

L=D*c0/f0
L3=D3*c0/f0

f0=2e9;
df=1e6;

defining frequency band to sweep with f1 f2 start stop

frequencies

f1=1e9;f2=3e9; f=[f1:df:f2];
frel=linspace(f1/f0,f2/f0,numel(f));

connecting impedances

Zin_stub1=Z0*1j*tan(2*pi*frel*f0/c0*L(1,1))
Zin2=(Zin_stub1.^-1+ZL.^-1).^-1;
Zin3=Z0*(Zin2+1j*Z0*tan(2*pi*frel*f0/c0*L3))./…
(Z0+1j*Zin2.*tan(2*pi*frel*f0/c0*L3)) ;
Zin_stub2=Z0*1j*tan(2*pi*frel*f0/c0*L(2,1));
Zin4=(Zin_stub2.^-1+Zin3.^-1).^-1
s11_1=(Zin4-Z0)./(Zin4+Z0)

Zin_stub1=Z0*1j*tan(2*pi*frel*f0/c0*L(1,2))
Zin2=(Zin_stub1.^-1+ZL.^-1).^-1;
Zin3=Z0*(Zin2+1j*Z0*tan(2*pi*frel*f0/c0*L3))./…
(Z0+1j*Zin2.*tan(2*pi*frel*f0/c0*L3)) ;
Zin_stub2=Z0*1j*tan(2*pi*frel*f0/c0*L(2,2));
Zin4=(Zin_stub2.^-1+Zin3.^-1).^-1
s11_2=(Zin4-Z0)./(Zin4+Z0)

hf3=figure(3);%ax3=hf3.CurrentAxes
plot(frel,abs(s11_1),frel,abs(s11_2));grid on;
xlabel('f/f0')
title('|s11(f)|')
legend({'D(1,1) D(2,1)','D(1,2) D(2,2)'},…
'location','northeastoutside')

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John Bofarull Guix jgb2012@sky.com 4/ 6
MICROWAVE ENGINEERING – POZAR – IMPEDANCE MATCHING CHAPTER 05 EXERCISE 10 23/09/2018 15:17:27.

with the ADS Optimiser

double-stub match. TL length between short circuit stubs 3/8. YL=Y0*(.4+1j*1.2) straight to Optimiser. D3=3*/8 requirement not observed.

The optimiser didn't reach the error target right on 2GHz.

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John Bofarull Guix jgb2012@sky.com 5/ 6
MICROWAVE ENGINEERING – POZAR – IMPEDANCE MATCHING CHAPTER 05 EXERCISE 10 23/09/2018 15:17:27.

Including D3 in the parameters available for the optimiser

the optimiser returns D3=268 , D3=268/360=0.744 fraction of 

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John Bofarull Guix jgb2012@sky.com 6/ 6