University of Tobruk

Faculty of Medicine Final Exam. 2017 Time: 3 hours

General Botany
Pre-medical Students
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Question 1. (20 marks, 0.5 each)
Find the appropriate words to fill the dotted spaces.

1- Living organisms, hierarchically structured into categories/groups which are: -

kingdom, …………………...., …………….……., order, ………..…..……….,
………………………., and species.
2- The cytoskeleton, is made up of ……………………….….., and
………………………………....

3- Ruggiero et al. 2015, Classified organisms into seven Kingdoms, which are:-
………………………….., ……………..………..…, ………………………….,
………………………....., ………………….…….…., ……………………….…..,
………………….………. .
4- The hierarchical levels of biological organizations are, Atoms, ………………….,
……………………………., Organelles, …………………………, tissues,
….........…………………..…, ……..………………..…, …………………………….,
communities, ecosystems, and ………………………....………. .

5- Monera is a kingdom which includes groups of microorganisms such as:-

………………………..…………..….., ……………….…………………………,
……………...…………………………, ………………………..…………………. .
6- Tracheophytes includes ………………………….….., ……………………………,
……………………..……….., where all of them have ……………………………… .
7- Mad2 inhibits the ………..………………., and prevents the breakdown of
……………………………., while APC degrades ………………………and liberates
the ……………………………. .
8- Prokaryotic organisms and cell organelles reproduce by …………………………. .
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9- The female part of the flower called …………………………, while the male part
called ………………………………….………. .
10- Mosses
are belongs to………………..……………, while ferns belongs to
………………………………………….. .
11- Fungi acquire nutrients from ……………………………………………… .
12- .................................... is a tissue that transports water and dissolved minerals
upward from roots into the shoots.
13- …………………………………… is the center for manufacturing, modifying
and packaging of cell materials for transport.
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Question 2. (15 marks, 5 each)

Write short notes regarding to the following structures.

a. Lysosomes.
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b. Plastids types
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c. Monocots
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Question 3. (15 Marks, 3 each)
What is the differences between the following structures?
a. Golgi bodies and Dictyosomes.
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b. Chromoplast and tonoplast.
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c. Archegonia and Gynoecium.
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d. Chordates and Cnidarians
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e. RER and SER
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Question 4. ( 6 Marks, one each)
Write the English name of the following Latin terms.
Thallus (...................................……….....), Phyta (………..…….………………),
Angio (……………………………….…), Gymno (……………………………),
Bryo (………………………...………….), Karyon (…………….……..……………).
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Question 5. (10 Marks, 2 each)
Where is the location (where they found), and what is the function of the
following structures?
1- Perianth
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2- Pistil
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3- Contractile Vacuoles
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4- Spindle assembly checkpoint.
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5- Vascular bundles
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Question 6. (14 Marks)
Explain how the alternation of generation occurs in the Orange trees and Olive trees.
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Good Luck