vlemhvufpGJ- rdwfquf

Tpmtkyfi,f. &nf&G,fcsufrSm uGsEkfyfwkd@ aqmif&Gufay;aeaom tajccH usef;rma&; apmifha&Smufr_

0efaqmifa&;vkyfief;rsm;ukd pDrHcef@cGJ&efESifh jrSifhwif&efjzpfonf? aq;&kHrsm;aqmufvkyfa&;/ xdef;
odrf;apmifha&Smufa&;/ vkyfief;rsm;vnfywfapa&;rsm;wGif tqifhtwef;rDrD zGH@+zdK;wkd;wufapa&;/
wnfaqmufa&;ESifh tiftm;jznfha&;ukd aqmif=uOf;ay;jcif;jzifh aq;&kHY ukor_cH,laom
vlemwpfOD;csif;pD twGufvkH+cKHpdwfcs&+yD; oef@&Sif;oyf&yfonfh vkHavmufaom apmifha&Smufr_ESifh
ukor_wkd@ukd &&SdapEkdifrnfjzpfonf?
vlemhvufpGJESifh ywfoufonfh Tpmtkyfi,fukd uGsEkfyfwkd@ xkwfa0&onfh &nf&G,fcsufrSm
uGsEkfyfwkd@. vlemrsm;/ vlemapmifhrsm;/ {nfhonfrsm;ESifh 0efxrf;rsm;twGuf vkH+cKHpdwfcs&aom
ywf0ef;usifukd zefwD;ay;&efjzpf+yD; vlemrsm;tay: cGJjcm;qufqHvkdjcif;ESifh nSif;yef;ESdyfpufvkdjcif;
ponfh oabmw&m;rsm; yg0ifjcif; vkH;0r&Sdyg?

Contributors
Publishing Manager: Augustin Remay Medical Editor: Dr. Min
Distributor: Manit Tipbanjongsuk Graphic Designer: Patrice Leroy
Illustrator: Anchalee Areewong, Proof reader: Dr. Myo, Dr. Bo Bo
Printer: JCC Printing Co., Ltd.

Aide Médicale Internationale

21/22-26 Maetao Road, Maesot, Tak 63110
Tel: (66) 055 54 32 31 / 08 78 48 60 15 Mail: hmco@ji-net.com

1- aq;&kHpnf;urf;rsm;ESifh ywfoufI
attrftkdif usef;rma&; apmifha&Smufr_ taqmuftOD;wkdif;wGif ukd,fykdif pnf;rsOf;pnf;urf;rsm;ESifh
owfrSwfcsufrsm; &Sd=uonf? ,if;wkd@ukd taqmuftOD; t0if0rsm;wGif jrifomxif&Sm;atmif awG@
Ekdifonf? attrftdkif 0efxrf;rsm;/ vlemrsm;/ vlem. rdom;pkaqGrsdK;rsm;ESifh {nfhonfrsm;onf
xkdpnf;urf;rsm;ukd zwf&SK@em;vnf oabmayguf+yD; av;pm;vkdufemoifhonf? vlemrsm;ukd
aq;&kHwifukor_ay;onfh t&nftaoG;ukd tjrifhqkH;txd jrSifhwif&ef ,if;pnf;urf;rsm;ukd
taumiftxnfazmf aqmif&Gufaeygonf? pnf;rsOf; pnf;urf;wpfckpDonf ta=umif;t&m
wpfckpDtwGuf oD;oef@&nf&G,fxm;+yD; vlemaq;&kHwufaecsdeftwGif; vlem. oef@&Sif;a&;ukd
jrSifhwif&ef ESifh §okd@r[kwf vlemtwGuf aumif;usdK;aqmif=uOf;ay;jcif;jzifh vlemtm; todtrSwf
jyKav;pm;r_ukd jyojcif;jzpfonf?
twGif;vlemXmetwGuf vlodrsm;aom tcsdK@ a,bk,s pnf;urf;pnf;urf;rsm;ukd Tae&mwGif
tenf;i,f owday;yg&ap?


1? oef@&Sif;a&;ESifh oufqkdifaom pnf;urf;pnf;rsOf;rsm;
- aq;&kHwGif; vlemwpfOD;tm; vlemapmifhwpfOD;uspD jyKpkapmifha&Smuf&ef cGifhjyKonf?
- twGif;vlemXmerS vlemrsm;onf aq;&kHwGif;&Sd xrif;pm;aqmiftwGif;Yom xrif;pm;cGifh
jyKonf?
- aq;&kHwGif; aq;vdyf/ t&ufaomufjcif;ESifh uGrf;pm;jcif;wkd@ukd jyif;xefpGm wm;jrpfonf?
tr_dufrsm;ukd tr_dufykH;wGif; aocsmpGm pGef@ypfyg?
- rkd;&moDtwGif; vlem{nfhonfrsm;onf twGif;vlemXmeokd@ r0ifa&mufrDwGif ajcaxmufrsm;
ukdaq;a=um&rnf?
- t0wftpm;rsm;/ apmifrsm;/ jcifaxmifrsm;ESifh aumfaZmrsm;ukd owfrSwfay;xm;aom
ae&mrsm;Yom aeylxkwfvSef;Ekdifonf?
2? vlemrsm; pdwfcsrf;omapa&;ESifh oufqkdifaom pnf;urf;
pnf;rsOf;rsm;
- twGif;vlemXmewGif wufa&mufukocHaeaom vlemrsm;twGuf owfrSwfxm;aom
{nfhvmawG@csdef- eHeufykdif;wGif 7 ; 00- 9; 00 em&D/ ae@vnfykdif;wGif 12 ; 00 - 1; 00
em&DESifh naeykdif;wGif 4 ; 00 - 7 ; 00 em&Dxdukd av;pm;vkdufem&rnf?
- vlemrsm;.tusdK;ukd a&S@&SKI qlnHjcif;/ uav;rsm;aqmhupm;jcif;wkd@ukd wm;jrpfxm;+yD;
t&ufaopmESifh rl;,pfaq;0g; okH;pGJxm;olrsm;ukd twGif;vlemXmeokd@ 0ifa&mufcGifh vkH;0
jyKrnfr[kwf?

2 - oef@&Sif;a&;- tajccH t"dy`g,fzGifhqkdcsufrsm;

t%kZD0ykd;r$m;rsm; qkdonfrSm tb,fenf;?
t%kZD0ykd;r$m;rsm;qkdonfrSm t%k=unfhrSefajymif;jzifh =unfh&SKrSom jrifEkdifaom ao;i,fonfh
ouf&SdowW0g wpfrsdK;jzpfonf? t%kZD0ykd;r$m;rsm;onf urBmajr}uD;ay:wGif tao;i,fqkH;ykHpH
&Sdonfh ouf&Sdrsm;jzpf=uonf? tcsdK@aom t%kZD0ykd;r$m;rsm;onf oifhukd zsm;emapEkdifjcif; okd@r[kwf
toufukdyif qk;H&SKH;apEkdifaomfvnf; trsm;pkrSm tEW&m,fuif;+yD; tcsdK@rSm tvGeftusdK;jyKonf?
t%kZD0ykd;r$m;rsm;onf avxk/ a&xk/ tyifrsm;/ wd&dp>mefrsm;ESifh vlom;rsm;ponfh ae&mwkdif;wGif
&SifoefaeEkdif=uonf?
*sef;rf[kac:onfh t%kZD0 ADZrsKd;yGm;ykd;onf a&m*gjzpfyGm;apaom t%kZD0ykd;r$m; wpfrsdK;om
jzpfonf? t%kZD0 ADZrsKd;yGm;ykd;rsm;ukd a&m*gay;ykd;rsm;[kvnf; ac:qkd=uonf? uGsEkfyfwkd@wGif
a&m*gjy vuQ%mrsm; (ESm&nf,kdjcif;/ acsmif;qkdjcif;/ vnfacsmif;emjcif;/ tzsm;wufjcif; ponf
rsm;) rjzpfyGm;oa&G@ olwkd@. wkdufckdufr_ukd rod&SdEkdifyg?


 t%kZD0ADZrsKd;yGm;ykd;rsm;wGif t"du trsdK;tpm;av;rsdK;&Sdonf?
- bufwD;&D;,m;ykd;
- Akdif;&yfpfykd;
- r_dykd;
- y&kdwkdZkd;0g; ac: uyfyg;ykd;
bufwD;&D;,m;ykd;
bufwD;&D;,m;rsm;onf ae&mwkdif;wGif &Sdae=uaom tvGef
ao;i,fonfh ouf&SdowW0grsm;jzpf=uonf? tcsdK@bufwD;&D;,m;
rsm;onf tEW&m,f&Sd=uaomfvnf; trsm;pkrSm 'kuQray;wwf=uyg?
bufwD;&D;,m;rsm;a=umifhjzpfyGm;wwfaom qkd;&Gm;onfhOyrmrsm;
rSmvnfacsmif;emjcif;/ em;wGif; ykd;0ifjcif;/ oGm;ykd;pm;I oGm;ayguf
jzpfjcif;ESifh tqkwfyGa&m*gwkd@jzpf=uonf?
bufwD;&D;,m;rsm; aysmf0ifaeaom aocsmpGm csufjyKwfrxm;onfh
tpm;tpmrsm;ukd oifpm;aomufrdygu tcsdK@bufwD;&D;,m;rsm;
onf ukd,fcE<mwGif;okd@ 0ifa&muf+yD; oifhukdzsm;emaponf? tqkdyg
tpm;tpmrsdK;ukd pm;aomufrdygu rl;a0jcif;/ atmhtefjcif;/
0rf;Akdufemjcif;ESifh 0rf;ysufjcif;wkd@ukd jzpfyGm;aponf?
Akdif;&yfpfykd;
Akdif;&yfpfykd;rsm;onf tao;i,fqkH;ESifh t&kd;&Sif;qkH; t%kZD0ykd;rsm;
jzpf=uonf? Akdif;&yfpfykd;rsm;onf &SifoefEkdif&ef/ }uD;xGm;&efESifh
rsdK;yGm;Edkif&ef vufcHaumifay:wGif rDSckdae=u&onf? vufcHaumif
qkdonfrSm tjcm;ouf&SdwpfrsdK;rsdK;rS 4if;tay:wGif okd@r[kwf
ukd,fwGif;wGif 0ifa&mufaexkdifcH&aom tyifokd@r[kwf wd&dp>mef
jzpfonf? Akdif;&yfpfykd;rsm;onf tjcm;ouf&SdqJvfrsm; jyifywGif
&Sifoefaexkdifjcif; rjyKEkdifyg?
Akdif;&yfpfykd;rsm;onf ukd,fcE<mwGif;okd@ wpf}udrf0ifa&muf+yD;onf
ESifhysH@ES@HEkdif+yD; vlrsm;ukd zsm;emapEkdifonf? Akdif;&yfpfykd;rsm;onf
a&ausmuf/ 0ufouf/ wkyfauG;ESifh rsm;pGmaom tjcm;a&m*grsm;ukd
jzpfyGm;aponf? wkyfauG;onf Akdif;&yfpfa=umifhjzpfaom tvGeful;pufvG,fonfh a&m*gwpfrsdK;
jzpf+yD; avxJrSwqifh okd@r[kwf txdtawG@jzifh ul;pufonf?
a&ausmufuJhokd@aom Akdif;&yfpfa=umifhjzpfonfh a&m*gtcsdK@ukd umuG,faq;xkd;jcif;jzifh wm;qD;
Ekdifonf?


r_dykd;
r_dykd;r$m;rsm;onf tyifESifhqifwlaom ouf&Sdrsm;jzpf=uonf? tjcm;
tyifrsm;ESifh rwlnDonfrSm r_dykd;rsm;onf ajrqDv$m/ a&ESifh ajrwkd@rS
ukd,fykdiftpm;tpmrsm;ukd rcsufvkyfEkdif=uay? xkdtpm; 4if;wkd@onf
tyifrsm;/ tpm;tpmrsm;ESifh wd&dp>mefrsm;ay:wGif rSDckdae=u&onf?
rd_ykd;a=umifh jzpfyGm;aom a&m*gOyrmwpfckrSm ajc0JpGJemjzpf+yD; 4if;rSm
q,fausmfoufrsm;ESifh vl}uD;rsm;wGif ajcacsmif;rsm;=um;xJY
wcgw&H ,m;,Hemrsm; aygufjcif;jzpfonf?
uyfyg;ykd;
uyfyg;ykd;rsm;onf bufwD;&D;,m;rsm;uJhokd@aom ouf&Sdykd;r$m;rsm;
jzpf=uonf? uyfyg;ykd;rsm;onf pkdkxkdif;jcif;ukd }udKufESpfoufwwf
=u+yD; a&m*grsm;ukd a&rSwqifhul;pufysH@ESH@apavh&Sdonf? tcsdK@uyfyg;
ykd;rsm;onf tlvrf;a=umif;qkdif&m ykd;0ifjcif;ukd jzpfyGm;aponf?

umuG,fjcif;
oifh ukd,fcE<mwGif;okd@ a&m*gykd;r$m;rsm; 0ifa&mufjcif;ukd umuG,f&ef tqkdyg vrf;n$efcsufrsm;ukd
vkdufemyg?

1? oifhvufrsm;ukd aq;a=umyg?
oifhvufrsm;ukd oef@&Sif;pGm xm;&Sdjcif;onf tvGefta&;}uD;onf? vufrsm;ukd tpmrpm;rDESifh
tdrfomwuf+yD;wkdif; aq;a=umoef@pifyg? a&usufat;ESifh qyfjymrsm;rsm;okH;yg? oifhvufrsm;ukd
tenf;qkH; 20 -25 puUef@=umatmif aq;a=umoef@pifyg?
2? tpm;tpmrsm;ukd usufatmif csufjyKwfxm;a=umif; aocsmygap?
yef;a&mifoef;aeaom tom;rsm;ukd rpm;ygESifh? tom;pdrf;/ ig;pdrf;rsm;onf tEW&m,f&Sdaom
bufwD;&D;,m;ykd;rsm;ESifh jynfhESufaeonf? tqkdygtom;rsm;ukd usufatmif/ El;atmif csufjyKwf
xm;a=umif; aocsmygap?


3? ykd;aumifrsm;ukd owdxm;=unfhyg?
opfawmrsm;twGif; oif&Sdaeygu jcifESifhr$m;aumifrsm;ukd txl;owdxm;yg? tusôvuf&SnfESifh
abmif;bD&Snfrsm;ukd 0wfqifxm;I r$m;umuG,faq;rsm;ukd vdrf;xm;yg?
4? vwfqwfaom opfoD;rsm;ESifh [if;oD;[if;&Gufrsm;ukd aq;a=umoef@pifyg?
vwfqwfaom opfoD;rsm;ESifh [if;oD;[if;&Gufrsm;ukd oifrokH;aqmifrD OD;pGmyxr a&ESifh
aocsmpGm aq;a=umoef@pifyg?
5? awmwGif;wd&dp>mefrsm;ukd txl;*&kpkduf a&Smif&Sm;yg?
vif;Ekd@rsm;/ &ufuGef;0Hrsm;ESifh &SOfhrsm;uJhokd@aom wd&dp>mefrsm;pGmonf a&m*grsm;ukd o,faqmif
wwfonf? xkd@a=umifh awmwGif;wd&dp>mefrsm;ukd ta0;rS a&Smif=uOfyg?
6? =uufO/ bJO tpdrf;rsm;ukd rpm;ygESifh?
=uufO/ bJOtpdrf;rsm;onf qefrkdeJvm;uJhokd@aom bufwD;&D;,m;ykd;rsm;ukd o,faqmifEkdifonf?
=uufO/ bJO tpdrf;rsm;ukd pm;okH;jcif;a=umifh oif tpmtqdyfoifhEkdifonf?
7? awmwGif;rS a&ukdraomufygESifh?
aomufokH;&eftwGuf usdKcsufrxm;aom awmwGif;&Sda&xJwGif tEW&m,fay;Ekdifaom ykd;r$m;rsm;
&Sifoeful;cwfaeEkdifonf?

3- a&m*gtrsdK;tpm;rsm;ESifh 4if;wkd@. ul;pufEkdifajcrsm;

a&m*grsm; ul;pufEkdifpGrf;. t,ltq- ul;pufEkdifaom a&m*grsm;qkdonfrSm tb,fenf;?
ul;pufEkdifaom a&m*gqkdonfrSm t%kZD0ykd;r$m;rsm;rS o,faqmifavh&Sd+yD; vlrsm;/ wd&dp>mefrsm;/
=um;cHrsufESmjyifrsm;/ tpm;tpmrsm; okd@r[kwf avrSwqifh ul;pufwwfonf?
ul;pufys@HESH@ykHenf;vrf;rsm;rSm-
- vlcsif;wkduf&kdufxdawG@jcif; - vdifykdif;qkdif&m qufqHjcif;tygt0if a&m*g&Sdaom vlemukd
xdawG@rdjcif;?
- oG,f0kduf+yD; xdawG@jcif; - rsm;aomtm;jzifh a&m*gykd;r$m;rsm; ysH@ESH@aeaom rsufESmjyifESifhxdawG@
rdjcif;?


 - avxJ&Sd t&nfpufr_efrsm;ESifh xdawG@jcif;- tjcm;wa,mufem;wGif acsmif;qkdjcif; okd@r[kwf
ESmacsjcif;?
- avxJrSwqifh ul;pufys@HESH@jcif; - tu,fI t%kZD0ykd;r$m;rsm;onf avxJwGif tcsdef
=umjrifhpGm aexkdifaejcif;?
- yg;pyfESifh tpmvrf;a=umif;rSwqifh ul;pufjcif;- rsm;aomtm;jzifh a&m*gykd;r$m;rsm; ysHESH@
aeaom tpm;tpm okd@r[kwf a&t&if;tjrpfrSwqifh ul;pufjcif;?
- o,faqmifaumifrSwqifh ul;pufysH@ESH@jcif;- ykd;r$m;rsm; okd@r[kwf tjcm;wd&dp>mefrsm;rS
o,f,lay;jcif;?
OyrmjyEkdifonfh ul;pufa&m*grsm;rSm Xufzsm;/ aoG;vGefwkyfauG;/ umv0rf;/ yg;csdwfa&mifem/
wkyfauG;/ a&ausmuf/ oefvkH;aumifESifh tdyfcsftkdifAGD §attkdif'Dtufpf ckcHtm;us ul;pufa&m*gwkd@
yg0ifonf? bufwD;&D;,m;/ Akdif;&yfpfESifh uyfyg;ykd;rsm;a=umifh ul;pufEkdfifaom a&m*grsm; jzpfyGm;
Ekdifonf?
ul;pufEkdifaom a&m*grsm;

aoG;/ tusdtcGsJ/ rdef;rukd,frS xGufaomt&nf/ Ekd@&nf/ okuf&nf/ wHawG;/ okd@r[kwf touf&Skjcif;wkd@

rSwqifh a&m*gykd;r$m;rsm; ul;pufysH@ESH@jcif;a=umifh vlrS vlokd@ ul;pufaoma&m*grsm;jzpfyGm;Ekdif
onf? 4if;wkd@ukd vuf r=umc% aq;a=umjcif;/ tr_dufrsm;ukd pepfwus pGef@ypfjcif;/ tEW&m,f
uif;pGm vdifqufqHjcif; ponfwkd@jzifh umuG,fEkdifonf?
wd&dp>mefrS vlokd@ ul;pufysH@ESH@aom a&m*grsm;wGif acG; okd@r[kwf &SOfhukdufcH&jcif;rS
ul;pufjzpfyGm;aom acG;&l;a&m*g/ jcifrSwqifh ul;pufaom Xufzsm;a&m*g/
avS;ESifh oef;rsm;rS ul;pufaom vkdif;rfa&m*grsm; yg0ifonf?
oD;oef@cGJjcm;xm;jcif;onf a&m*gjzpfyGm;aeom vlemukd tjcm;olrsm;ESifhtwl
raeapbJ cGJxkwfxm;jcif;jzifh ul;pufa&m*grsm; ysH@ESH@jzpfyGm;jcif;ukd umuG,fEkdif
onfhtxl;enf;vrf;jzpfonf? 4if;onf vlemrsm;ukd cGJjcm;ESdrfhcs qufqHjcif;rsdK;


r[kwfbJ vlabmifhtzGJ@tpnf;wpfckvkH;wGif a&m*gysH@yGm;jcif;rS a&Smif&Sm;&ef tEW&m,fjzpfEkdifajc
rsm;ukd a&Smif=uOfa&;jzpfonf?
0rf;avSsma&m*g ul;pufysH@ESH@jcif;

1? wDbDtqkwfema&m*g
wDbDtqkwfa&mifa&m*gonf vlemacsmif;qkd;&mrS xGufvmaom wDbDbufwD;&D;,m;rsm;
yg0ifonfh avxJ&Sd t&nfr_efrsm;rSwqifh ul;pufjcif;jzpfonf? wDbDtqkwfema&m*g xif&Sm;aom
vlemrsm;twGuf oD;oef@cGJjcm;xkwfxm;jcif;onf pHxm;&onfh vkyfaqmifcsufjzpfonf?
wDbDvlemtrsm;pkwGif oD;oef@cGJjcm;xm;jcif;ukd wif;usyfpGm rjzpfrae aqmif&Guf&onf?
vlemrsm;twGuf-
- vlemonf tjcm;vlrsm;ESifh a0;&m oD;oef@cef;xJwGifom aexkdifoifhonf? xkdtcef;onf
avrSwqifh a&m*gul;pufjcif;ukd avsmhcs&ef av0ifavxGuf aumif;rGefaeoifhonf?
- vltrsm; oGm;vm&m ae&mrsm;okd@ oGm;a&muf&mwGif okd@r[kwf tjcm;olrsm;ESifh pum;
ajym&mwGif ESmacgif;ESifh yg;pyfumrsm;ukd 0wfqifxm;&rnf?
- oifhtcef;rS tjcm;ae&mrsm;okd@ vSnfhywfoGm;vmjcif;ukd uef@owfxm;oifhonf?
- acsmif;qkd;&mwGif yg;pyfukd vufukdify0gjzifh tkyfxm;yg?
vlemhaqGrsdK;rsm;ESifh vlemapmifhrsm;twGuf-
- wDbDvlemoD;oef@cef;wGif; r0ifygESifh?
- wDbDvlemoD;oef@cef;wGif; vlemowif;ar;vmpOf okd@r[kwf vlemESifhpum;ajympOfwGif
ESmacgif;ESifh yg;pyfumukd 0wfqifxm;yg?

2? OD;aESmuftajrS;a&mifa&m*g
OD;aESmuftajrS;a&mifa&m*gonf Akdif;&yfpf/ bufwD;&D;,m; okd@r[kwf wDbDykd;wkd@a=umifh
jzpfEkdifonf? xkda&m*gonf jyif;xef+yD; toufvnf; qkH;&SKH;apEkdifonf? tvGefqkd;&Gm;vSaom
OD;aESmuftajrS;a&mif a&m*gwpfrsdK;onf vlem. vnfacsmif;ESifh touf&SK&mrS xGufvmaom
t&nfr_efrsm;rSwqifh vlemxHrS xdawG@ol tjcm;wpfOD;xHokd@ ul;pufwwfonf?
vlemukd tjcm;olrsm;ESifh oD;oef@cGJxkwfxm;+yD; wpfa,mufwnf;ae&ef uef@owfxm;&rnf?
vlemhaqGrsdK;rsm;twGuf
- vlemteD;okd@ oGm;&mwGif ESmacgif;ESifh yg;pyfumukd 0wfqifxm;yg?
- teD;wGif apmifha&Smuf&onfh vlemapmifhonf umuG,faq;rsm; }udKaomufxm;&rnf?
3? 0rf;avSsma&m*g
a&m*gjzpfyGm;apaom ykd;r$m;rsm;yg0ifonfh tpm;tpmESifh aomufa&wkd@ukd pm;okH;jcif;a=umifh
0rf;avSsma&m*grsm; ul;pufonf? a&m*gykd;r$m;rsm;onf 0rf;avSsma&m*gjzpfyGm;aeaom vlemrsm;.
rpifrS tdrfomwuf+yD; vufraq;jcif;a=umifh vnf;aumif;/ okd@r[kwf ,ifaumifrsm;rSwqifh
vnf;aumif; wkduf&kduf okd@r[kwf oG,f0kdufI ul;pufysH@ESH@onf?

umuG,fa&;enf;vrf;rsm;rSm-
- tdrfomwuf+yD;wkdif; vufrsm;ukd qyfjymjzifh aq;a=umyg?
- 0rf;avSsma&m*g jzpfyGm;aeaom uav;rsm; okd@r[kwf tjcm;npfywfaom t&mrsm;ukd
ukdifwG,f+yD;wkdif; vufaq;yg?
- tr_dufo&kdufrsm;ukd txl;ojzifh tpm;taomufrsm;ESifh a0;&mwGif pepfwus pGef@ypfyg?
- tpm;tpm;rsm;ukd rjyifqifrDwGif vufaq;yg?
- txl;ojzifh aq;&kHwGif; owfrSwfxm;aomae&mrsm;wGifom tpmpm;yg?
- a&ukd rusdKcsufxm;bJ raomufygESifh?
- tpm;tpm;rsm;ukd tpdrf; okd@r[kwf usufatmif csufjyKwfrxm;bJ rpm;ygESifh?
- ,ifaumifrsm; rem;rdap&ef tpm;tpmrsm;ukd zkH;tkyfxm;yg?
- 0rf;avSsma&m*gjzpfaeaom pm;zkdrSL;rsm;onf a&m*gaysmufuif;atmif ukor_r+yD;rcsif;
tvkyfrqif;oifhyg?


umv0rf;a&m*g
umv0rf;a&m*gonf tvGeftEW&m,frsm;aom 0rf;avSsma&m*gwpfrsdK;jzpf+yD; oD;oef@cGJjcm;
xm;jcif;r&Sdygu vl@tzGJ@tpnf;twGif;wGif vsifjrefpGm ysH@ESH@Ekdifonf? 4if;onf umv0rf;a&m*g
bufwD;&D;,m; yg0ifaom tpm;tpm okd@r[kwf aomufa&wkd@ukd pm;okH;jcif;a=umifh jzpfyGm;+yD;
vlemonf tvGeftrif; 0rf;ysuf0rf;avSsmp&mrvkdbJ tvGefwkdawmif;aom tcsdeftwGif;rSmyif
toufqkH;&SKH;apEkdifonf? umv0rf;a&m*gwGif 0rf;avSsmjcif;onf &kwfcsnf;jzpfyGm;wwf+yD;
0rf;rSmvnf; qefaq;a&uJhokd@ tqif;ykHpH&Sdonf?
vlemukd aq;&kHwifoifh+yD; ykHrSeftwkdif; xdawG@r_rsm;ukd umuG,fwm;qD;xm;aom umv0rf;
a&m*gaqmifwGif oD;oef@cGJxkwfum =uyfrwfxm;&rnf? umv0rf;a&m*g ukon$ef;wrf;twkdif;
ukor_rsm;ay;&kHomru vlemxdawG@ tokH;jyKxm;aom tokH;taqmifypPnf;rsm;tm;vkH; (t0wf
tpm;ESifh tdyf&mcif; pojzifh) ukd uvkd&if;cGswfaq;ukdokH;I a&aEG;ylxJwGif pdrfum ykd;owfypf
&rnf? umv0rf;a&m*g vlemokd@r[kwf olwkd@. t0wftpm;rsm;ESifh tdyf&mcif;rsm;ukd vufjzifh
ukdfifwG,frdygu aocsmpGm aq;a=um+yD; ykd;owfxm;&onf?
umv0rf;a&m*g &SdaeEkdifaom ae&mtESH@ rnfonfhae&mrqkd aomufokH;a&;/ avSsmfzGyfa&;ESifh
csufjyKwfa&;twGuf tokH;jyKrnfh a&tm;vkH;ukd usdKcsufjcif; okd@r[kwf uvkd&if;aq;cwfjcif;
jyKoifhonf? a&ukd usdKcsufjcif;/ a&ppfjcif;ESifh uvkd&if;aq;cwfjcif;wkd@onf umv0rf;a&m*g
vlemrsm;rS xGufvmaom bufwD;&D;,m;rsm;ukd okwfoif+yD; ykd;rsm; ul;pufysH@ESH@r_ukdvnf;
umuG,fwm;qD;ay;onf?

4- oG,f0kduf+yD; ul;pufEkdifpGrf;&Sdaom tjcm;a&m*grsm;

tcsdK@a&m*grsm;onf wkduf&kdfuf (vlwpfOD;rS tjcm;wpfOD;okd@) ul;pufysH@ESH@jcif;r[kwfbJ
oG,f0kdufaomenf;rsm; (a&m*g&Sdaomvlemukd jcifrS ukduf+yD; tjcm;olwpfOD;ukd xrfrHukdufjcif;)
a=umifhvnf; jzpfyGm;Ekdifonf?

aoG;vGefwkyfauG;jzpfaponfh at;'D;jcif

Xufzsm;jzpfaponfh taemzvdjcif


 Xufzsm;a&m*g
Xufzsm;a&m*gonf jcifrSwqifh ul;pufaom uyfyg;a&m*g wpfrsdK;jzpfonf?
4if;jcifrsm;onf txl;ojzifh ae0if&Dwa&mtcsdefESifh nbufwGif ukdufavh
&Sdonf? Xufzsm;a&m*gonf jyif;xefaom a&m*gjzpf+yD; toufqkH;&SKH;aponf?
4if;ukd umuG,fEkdifaomfvnf; vlemukd oD;oef@cGJjcm;xm;&ef rvkdtyfyg?
a&m*g umuG,fa&;twGuf- jcifukdufrcH&ygapESifh?
- tusôvuf&Snf/ abmif;bD&Snf/ ajctdwfESifh &SK;zdeyfrsm;ukd pD;xm;+yD; uav;rsm;ukdvnf;
txl;ojzifh ae@vnfykdif; tdyfaysmfaepOf tvm;wl 0wfqifay;xm;yg?
- jcifEkdifvdrf;aq;rsm;/ jcifzsef;aq;rsm; okd@r[kwf jcifaq;acGrsm;ukd tokH;jyKyg?
- jcifaxmifrsm;ukd okH;yg?
- Xufzsm;aygom a'orsm;okd@ roGm;rD aq;}udKaomufyg?

aoG;vGefwkyfauG;a&m*g
aoG;vGefwkyfauG;ESifh aoG;vGefwkyfauG; aoG;,kdpdrfhIzsm;emjcif;wkd@onfvnf;
jcifrSwqifh ul;pufwwfaom tjzpfrsm;onfh Akdif;&yfpfa&m*grsm;jzpf=uonf?
tqkdyg jcifrsm;onf ae@ykdif;wGif ukdufwwf+yD; t&k%fOD;ESifh qnf;qmcsdefrsm;wGif
ysHoef;oGm;vm=uonf? 4if;wkd@onf a&0yf&mae&mrsm;wGif &Sifoef}uD;xGm;=uonf?
aoG;vGefwkyfauG;a=umifh aoG;,kdpdrfhI zsm;emjcif;onf txl;ojzifh uav;rsm;wGif aoG;vef@
onfhtqifhxd a&muf&Sd+yD; omrefr[kwfaom aoG;,kdpdrfhjcif;rsm; jzpfay:vmygu tEW&m,f tvGef
}uD;rm;onf? 4if;ukd aysmufuif;atmif ukoaq; oD;oef@r&Sdyg? okd@aomf tu,fI a&m*gjzpfvmygu
vlemtrsm;pkwGif tajctaeqkd;&Gm;rvmatmif wm;qD;xdef;odrf;Ekdifonf? vlemukd oD;oef@cGJjcm;
xm;oifhonf? a&m*g rjzpfcifwGif umuG,fa&;onf taumif;qkH;jzpfonf?
jcifrsm; aygufzGm;Ekdifjcif; r&Sdatmif vkyfaqmifyg?
- yef;tkd;rsm;/ anmifa&tkd;rsm;ukd ae@pOfykHrSef a&vJvS,fay;yg? anmifa&tkd;rsm;. twGif;ykdif;ukd
yGwfwkdufaq;a=umay;yg?
- a&0ifaeEkdifaom ypPnf;rSeforSsukd arSmufxm;+yD; trkd;tumatmufwGif odrf;qnf;xm;yg?
- a&okdavSmifxm;aom tkd;cGufrsm;tm;vkH;ukd zkH;tkyfxm;yg?
- a&ajrmif;rsm;wavSsmuf a&pD;qif;r_ukd rydwfqkd@ygapESifh?
- tdrfywf0ef;usif&Sd jcifaygufzGm;Ekdifaom a&0yfEdkifonfhae&mrSeforSsukd &Sif;vif;xm;yg?
- oHjzLAl;rsm;/ yvwfpwpfcGufrsm;/ tkd;rsm;/ pGef@ypfum;wm,ma[mif;rsm; okd@r[kwf tvm;wl
a&avSmifaeEkdifonfh ykH;rsm; cGufrsm;ukd pepfwuspGef@ypfyg?

10
5? aq;ukor_ tn$ef;twkdif; vkdufemaqmif&Gufjcif;
vlemwpfa,mufonf aq;ukor_ n$ef;wrf; okd@r[kwf t}uHjyKcsufrsm;ukd aq;ukool
rSm=um;xm;onfhtwkdif; vkkdufemrDS0JoifhonfrSm tvGefta&;}uD;onf?
ukor_ukd pwifvkdufonfESifh w+yKdifeuf tcsdK@vlemrsm;onf ukor_aq;ywfvnfatmif
aq;aomufoifhonfhtwkdif; vkdufemrSD0J&efcJ,Of;=uonf? wcgw&HwGif vufawG@tm;jzifh
vlemhtwGuf aq;aomuf&rnfh owfrSwfcsdefrsm;ukd rSwfrdae&ef cufcJaewwfonf? vlemonf
arhaumif;arhEkdifonf/ aomuf&rnfh aq;yrm% vuf0,fr&Sdvnf; jzpfEkdifonf/ okd@r[kwf
aq;rsdKcs&ef aomufp&m a&r&Sd/ okd@r[kwf tvkyfrsm;vSaom b0ay;tajctaea=umifhvnf;
jzpfEkdifonf? xkd@a=umifhvnf; ykdrkdqkd;&Gm;aom tusdK;qufrsm;qDokd@ OD;wnfoGm;awmhonf?
aq;ukor_ tn$ef;twkdif; vkdufemaqmif&Gufjcif;

tcsdK@vlemrsm;wGif aq;aomuf+yD; aq;tmedoifjyaomtcg a&m*gvuQ%mrsm; aysmufuif;oGm;

aoma=umifh aq;qufaomuf&ef rvkdtyfawmh[k ,lq+yD; aemufykdif;aq;ukd csufcsif;jzwfvkduf
wwfonf? xkdrSwjcm;vnf; aq;. ab;xGufqkd;usdK;rsm;udk qkd;&Gm;pGm cHpm;&jcif;/ okd@r[kwf
aq;ukor_. a&&Snfqkd;usdK;rsm;ukd ywfoufcHpm;&+yD;aemuf aq;aomufjcif;ukd apmpD;pGm
&yfwef@ypfwwfonf?
pifppftm;jzifh aq;aomuf&yfvkdufaom vlemrsm;wGif ab;jzpfEkdifajcykdjrifhrm;vmonf?
aq;n$ef;twkdif; rSefuefwduspGm rvkdufemjcif;onf ukor_ atmifjrifa&;ukd xdckdufapEkdif&kHomru
a&m*gonfvnf; uko& cufcJvmwwfonf? tcsdK@vlemrsm;wGif a&m*gjyefxvmjcif;ukd cHpm;
&Ekdifonf?

11
aq;ukor_n$ef;wrf;twkdif; vkdufemcH,lr_ r&Sdjcif;onf a&m*gwpfrsdK;ukd uko&mwGif aq;tmedoif
xda&mufr_ukd avSsmhyg;jcif;jzpfaponfh aq;,Ofyg;r_okd@ OD;wnfapEkdifonf? txif&Sm;qkH;rSm yÉdZD0
aq;0g;rsm; aq;,Ofyg;oGm;jcif;jzpfonf? a&m*gykd;t0ifcH&+yD;aemuf aq;n$ef;twkdif; wdwdusus
vkdufem+yD; yÉDZD0aq;0g;rsm;ukd raomufaom vlemrsm;wGif yÉDZD0aq;,Ofyg;aeaom a&m*gykd;
0ifjcif;onf qufvuf&Sdaewwfonf? wDbDtqkwfa&mifa&m*gESifh ckcHtm;usul;puf a&m*guJhokd@
aomul;pufa&m*grsm;wGif vuf&Sdukor_aq;0g;rsm;ukd cHEkdif&nf&Sdaom
ykd;r$m;rsdK;pdwfopfrsm; ay:xGufvm+yD; ukor&bJ jzpfoGm;wwfonf?
xkd@tjyif tjcm;ta&;ygaomtcsufrSm aq;0g;rsm;onf vlemwpfa,muf
csif;pDtwGuf rSD0JaomufokH;&ef ay;xm;jcif;jzpf+yD; oli,fcsif;rsm;ESifh
rdwfaqGrsm;=um;wGif a0rSsjcif; okd@r[kwf ta=umif;wrsdK;a=umifh
ay;a0jcif; rjyK&yg?
aq;n$ef;twkdif; aq;aomufEkdifa&;twGuf owdw&&Sdap&ef
atmufazmfjyyg t}uHaumif;wcsdK@ukd uGsEkfyfwkd@ ay;vkdygonf?
- ae@pOf tcsdefwpfckwnf; owfrSwfxm;+yD; aq;aomufyg?
xrif;pm;+yD;wkdif; okd@r[kwf ae@w"l0 tjcm;tvkyfwpfckckukdvkyfonfh
tcgwGif owfrSwf+yD;aq;aomufyg?
- txl;jyKvkyfxm;aom aq;tdwfi,frsm;wGif wpfae@aomufp&m
tvkduf aq;rsm;cGJxnfhxm;yg?
- oifhaq;aomufonfukd rSwfwrf;wif&ef aq;aomufjyuQ'def okd@
r[kwf oifykef;jzLukd tokH;jyKyg?

6? attrftkdifrS axmufyHhypPnf;rsm;ESifh
ywfoufI
twGif;vlemtjzpf aq;&kHwifcH&aom vlemwkdif;ukd attrftkdifaq;&kHrS apmifwpfxnfESifh
jcifaxmif wpfvkH;uspD axmufyhHay;rnfjzpfonf? vlemrsm;tm; aq;&kHxrif;pm;aqmifwGif
attrftkdifrS wpfae@vSsif xrif;ESpfeyf auGs;arG;rnf? vlemrS xrif;/ [if;rsm; vufcH&,lEkdif&ef
xrif;pm;csdefrwkdifrD ay;a0avh&Sdaom wkHuifuwfjym;av;rsm;ukd &&Sdxm;&efvkdtyfonf?
vlemonf aq;&kHqif;aomtcg ygvmaom ypPnf;rsm;ukd jyef,loGm;Ekdifaomfvnf; attrftkdifrS
axmufyhHxm;aom apmifESifh jcifaxmifrsm;ukd twGif;vlemaqmifwGif xm;cJh&rnf?
aq;&kHrS axmufyHhaom ypPnf;rsm;tm;vkH;onf attrftkdif. ykdifqkdifr_rsm;jzpf=uonf? xkd@
xufykdIqkd&vSsif tqkdyg ypPnf;rsm;tm;vkH;onf ,m,Dem;ckd&mpcef;ae vlxkwpf&yfvkH;twGuf
&nf&G,fxm;jcif;jzpf+yD; wpfOD;wpfa,muf. tusdK;pD;yGm;twGuf r[kwfyg?

12
7? vlemwnf;ckdaqmif pnf;urf; pnf;rsOf;rsm;ESifh
vkyfxkH;vkyfenf;rsm; (rJhaqmufESifh tkef;zef)
1? attrftkdifrS ukoapmifha&Smufr_ukd cH,laeaom vlemrsm;ESifh aqGrsdK;vlemapmifhrsm;onf
attrftkdif vlemaqmif }uD;=uyfa&;rSL; okd@r[kwf wm0ef&Sdol. oabmwlcGifhjyKcsuf r&&SdbJ vlemaqmif
jyifyokd@ oGm;a&muf&ef cGifhrjyK? cGifhjyKcsuf r&&Sdxm;aom rnfolrqkd vlemaqmifwGif; 0ifcGifh r&Sdap&?
2? 0efxrf;rsm;tdrf,monf attrftkdif 0efxrf;rsm;twGufomjzpfonf? attrftkdifrS uko
apmifha&Smufr_ukd cH,laeaom vlemESifh vlemapmifhrsm;onf vlemwnf;ckdaqmif 0efxrf;rsm;xHrS
cGifhjyKzdwfac:jcif; r&SdbJ 0efxrf;rsm; tdrf,mokd@ 0ifcGifhr&Sdap&?
3? vlemwnf;ckdaqmifokd@ a&muf&SdonfESifh aq;zufqkdif&mrSwfwrf; vJrm;pmtkyfESifh tjcm;
aq;ukoa&; pm&Gufpmwrf;rsm;ukd vlemrsm;rS vlemwnf;ckdaqmif }uD;=uyfa&;rSL;xH vlemrSwfykHwif&ef
tyfESH&rnf?
4? vlemwnf;ckdaqmifrS jyefqif;onfhtcg xkdif;aq;&kHrS nSdE_dif;ukoay;csufrsm;ukd aq;zufqkdif&m
rSwfwrf; vJrm;pmtkyfxJwGif rSwfwrf;wif yl;wGJazmfjyay;&ef vlemwnf;ckdaqmif wm0ef&Sdoltm; vlemrS
yef=um;&rnf?
5? vlemwnf;ckdaqmiffwGif wpfae@vSsif xrif; okH;}udrf auGs;rnf?
6? vlemESifh vlemapmifhaqGrsdK;rsm;onf vlemwnf;ckdaqmif atmufxyf&Sfd n$efjyxm;aom a&csdK;cef;
ESpfvkH;ESifh tdrfomrsm;ukd okH;pGJEkdifonf?
7? aq;vdyfaomuf&eftwGuf oD;oef@owfrSwfay;xm;aom ae&mrsm;wGifom aq;vdyfaomufcGifh
jyKonf? vlemaqmiftwGif;ESifh vlemaqmif 0if;twGif; wHawG;axG;jcif;ukd wm;jrpfxm;onf?
8? w,fvDzkef;/ uGefysKwmESifh a&aEG;ay;pufrsm;onf vlemwnf;ckdaqmif 0efxrf;rsm; okH;pGJ&efom
jzpfonf?
9? ul;pufa&m*g&Sdaom vlemrsm;onf vlemaqmif wm0ef&Sdolrsm;tm; ta=umif;=um;I
umuG,fa&; enf;vrf;rsm;ukd aqmif&Guf&ef yef=um;tyfygonf? tqkwfa&mif wDbDa0'em&Sifrsm;ESifh
"mwfrSef&kduf&rnfh vlemrsm; (wDbDa&m*g oHo,&Sdolrsm;) twGuf ukd,fykdiftokH;taqmifypPnf;rsm;ESifh
tpm;tpmrsm;ukd cGJjcm;xm;&rnf?
10? vlemESifh vlemapmifh aqGrsdK;rsm;ukd tjcm;olrsm;tm; taESmifht,SufrjzpfapbJ wdwfqdwfpGm
aexkdif=u&ef yef=um;tyfygonf?

8- usef;rma&;jyKpkapmifha&Smufr_onf tcrJhjzpfonf
(vmbfpm;r_ukd }udKwifumuG,fjcif;)
attrftkdifusef;rma&;apmifha&Smufr_Xmersm;rS usef;rma&;apmifha&Smufjcif; 0efaqmifr_
vkyfief;rsm;tm;vkH;onf tcrJhjzpfa=umif; uGsEkfyfwkd@rS owday;vkdygonf? aq;ukor_ESifh
aq;0g;rsm;twGuf tca=u;aiG okd@r[kwf ukefusaiGukd wpkHwOD;u vma&mufawmif;&rf;
ygvSsif/ xdkoltm; r,kH=unfbJ teD;pyfqkH;&Sd aq;rSL; okd@r[kwf olemjyK okd@r[kwf jzpfEkdifygu
aq;zufqkdif&m tkyfcsKyfa&;t&m&SdxHokd@ wkduf&kdufwkdifwef;Ekdifygonf?

13