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developed by Baker and Jayaram). For this study Probabilistic Seismic Structural analyses were performed using NTHA for different Single
Hazard Assessment (PSHA) was run for San Francisco, CA, for the Degree of Freedom (SDOF) Systems. These SDOF systems were
calculation of UHS and CMS. modelled elastically and inelastically, assuming steel properties with
2.1 PSHA FOR SAN FRANCISCO, CA elastic-perfectly-plastic behaviour, with periods equal to 0.3, 0.5, 1 and
2s, and strength reduction factors, R (parameter that defines the ratio of
Probabilistic Seismic Hazard Assessment (PSHA) was carried out by
the GM elastic force to the yield strength of the SDOF system), equal to
using the hazard tools provided by the United States Geological Survey
1, 2, 4, and 8. Maximum displacements of the system were obtained
(http://geohazards.usgs.gov/hazardtool/application.php) and one Matlab
from these analyses as key parameters for the comparison of results.
Script developed by the Baker Research Group
0.08
0.045
Maximum Displacement (m)
Maximum Displacement (m)
0.04 0.07
0.035
UHS is constructed by enveloping the spectral ordinates at all periods 0.03
0.06
0.05
0.03
using PSHA for all these periods (Baker, 2011) 3. 0.015
0.01 0.02
0.005 0.01
0 0
CMS conditions at a target value Sa(T*) all the spectral ordinates giving CMS 1s SeismoMatch REXEL CMS 1s SeismoMatch REXEL
FIGURE 11. MAIN RESULTS FOUND ON THE STUDY IN TERMS OF MAXIMUM DISPLACEMENTS (m). (LEFT- SDOF SYSTEM T=1s, R=2. RIGHT – SDOF
to all the periods the same probability of ocurrence given Sa(T*). (NIST., SYSTEM T=2s, R=8)
2011)2. The main results found in the study are summarised below:
1.2
UHS
• For SDOF systems, the target spectrum used for the selection of GMs
CMS 0.3s
CMS 0.5s
(UHS or CMS) does not have a considerable impact on median
1
CMS 1s
CMS 2s
structural response. Moreover, the selection based on the CMS or
UHS + wavelets results in smaller variability of the structural response
Spectral Acceleration (g)
0.8
0.4 • For elastic SDOF systems (R=1) the ground motions obtained by
0.2
using CMS as target spectrum present a very small variability in the
response of the SDOF subjected to those ground motions.
0
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4
Period (s)
FIGURE 03. UNIFORM HAZARD SPECTRUM (UHS), AND CONDITIONAL MEAN SPECTRA (CMS) CONDITIONED AT 0.3s, 0.5s, 1s, and 2s, for SAN
• The range of periods where ground motions are matched to UHS must
FRANCISCO, CA. (PROBABILITY OF EXCEENDCE 10% IN 50 YEARS) be carefully selected avoiding inconsistency in the results.
REFERENCES
1 Haselton, C.B. (Editor) 2009. Evaluation of ground motion selection and modification methods: Predicting median interstory drift response of buildings, PEER Report 2009/01, Pacific Engineering Research Center, University of California, Berkeley, California.
2 NIST., 2011. Selecting and Scaling Earthquake Ground Motions for Performing Response-History Analyses. Prepared by the NEHRP Consultants Joint Venture for the National Institute of Standard and Technology
3 Baker, J.W., 2011. Conditional Mean Spectrum: Tool for ground motion selection. Journal of Structural Engineering, 137(3), pp. 322-331
4 Galasso, C., Zareian, F., Iervolino, I. & Graves, R. W., 2012. Validation of Ground-Motion Simulations for Historical Events Using SDoF Systems. Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, December, 102(6), pp. 2727-2740.