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CARGA AXIAL
2018-1 – H504 – Mag. Ing. Malena Serrano
La clase de hoy tratará los siguientes
temas:
Relación de Poisson
Modulo de compresibilidad
Σ𝑭𝑿 = 0
𝑃𝐴𝐵 = 𝑃𝐵𝐶
Σ𝑭𝒀 = 0
𝑃
𝑃𝐴𝐵 =
2𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃
𝛿 𝑃. 𝑙
𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 ≅ 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃 ≅ 𝑃𝐴𝐵 =
𝑙 2𝛿
𝑃𝐴𝐵 . 𝑙 𝑃. 𝑙 𝑙 𝑃. 𝑙 2
𝛿𝐴𝐵 = = . =
𝐸. 𝐴 2𝛿 𝐸. 𝐴 2𝛿𝐸𝐴
𝛿𝐴𝐵
𝐶𝑜𝑚𝑜 𝛿𝐴𝐵 ≪ 𝑙 1+ ≅1 2𝑙. 𝛿𝐴𝐵 = 𝛿 2
2𝑙
𝑃. 𝑙 2 𝑃. 𝑙 3 3 𝑃
2𝑙. = 𝛿2 = 𝛿3 𝛿 = 𝑙.
2𝛿𝐸𝐴 𝐸𝐴 𝐸𝐴
Relación de Poisson
Modulo de compresibilidad
Considerando:
𝑃
𝜎𝑥 =
𝐴
𝜎𝑥
𝜀𝑥 =
𝐸
¿ 𝜀𝑦 = 𝜀𝑧 = 0 ? NO
𝐷𝑒𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑚𝑎𝑐𝑖ó𝑛 𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑙
𝜈=−
𝐷𝑒𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑚𝑎𝑐𝑖ó𝑛 𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑎𝑙
𝜀𝑦 𝜀𝑧
𝜈=− =−
𝜀𝑥 𝜀𝑥
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uBupfw_rgS0
𝜋. 𝑑 2 𝜋. 162
𝐴= = = 201.06 𝑚𝑚2
4 4
𝑃 12𝑥103
𝜎𝑥 = = = 59.68 𝑀𝑃𝑎
𝐴 201.06 1μm = 10−6 𝑚
1m = 10+3 𝑚𝑚
𝛿𝑥 +300𝑥10−3 1μm = 10−3 𝑚𝑚
𝜖𝑥 = = = 6𝑥10−4
𝐿 500
𝜎𝑥 59.68 𝑀𝑃𝑎
𝐸= = = 99 467 𝑀𝑃𝑎 = 99.47 𝐺𝑃𝑎
𝜖𝑥 6𝑥10−4
𝜖𝑦 −1.5𝑥10−4
𝑣=− =− −4
= 0.25
𝜖𝑥 +6𝑥10
✓ Material isotrópico.
✓ Cargas multiaxiales.
El elemento
se deformará
en las tres
direcciones
𝜎𝑥 + 𝜎𝑦 + 𝜎𝑧
𝜎𝑥 𝜎𝑦 𝜎𝑧
𝜀𝑥 = 𝜀𝑦 = 𝜀𝑧 =
𝐸 𝐸 𝐸
𝜎𝑥 𝜎𝑦 𝜎𝑧
𝜀𝑦 = −𝜈 𝜀𝑥 = −𝜈 𝜀𝑥 = −𝜈
𝐸 𝐸 𝐸
𝜎𝑥 𝜎𝑦 𝜎𝑧
𝜀𝑧 = −𝜈 𝜀𝑧 = −𝜈 𝜀𝑦 = −𝜈
𝐸 𝐸 𝐸
𝜎𝑥 𝜎𝑦 𝜎𝑧
𝜀𝑥 = − 𝜈 −𝜈
𝐸 𝐸 𝐸
𝜎𝑥 𝜎𝑦 𝜎𝑧
𝜀𝑦 = −𝜈 + −𝜈
𝐸 𝐸 𝐸
𝜎𝑥 𝜎𝑦 𝜎𝑧
𝜀𝑧 = −𝜈 −𝜈 +
𝐸 𝐸 𝐸
𝜎𝑥 = 𝜎𝑦 = 𝜎𝑧 = −𝑝
−𝑝 𝑣. −𝑝 𝑣. −𝑝 𝑣. −𝑝 −𝑝 𝑣. −𝑝 𝑣. −𝑝 𝑣. −𝑝 −𝑝
𝜖𝑥 = − − 𝜖𝑦 = − + − 𝜖𝑧 = − − +
𝐸 𝐸 𝐸 𝐸 𝐸 𝐸 𝐸 𝐸 𝐸
𝑝
𝜖𝑥 = 𝜖𝑦 = 𝜖𝑧 = − 1 − 2𝑣 … (𝑰)
𝐸
𝛿𝑥 −1.2𝑥10−3 𝑝𝑢𝑙𝑔
𝜖𝑥 = = = −3𝑥10−4
𝐿 4 𝑝𝑢𝑙𝑔
𝜖𝑥 = 𝜖𝑦 = 𝜖𝑧 = −3𝑥10−4
𝑝
𝜖𝑥 = 𝜖𝑦 = 𝜖𝑧 = − 1 − 2𝑣
𝐸
𝑝
−3𝑥10−4 =− 1 − 2𝑥0.29
29𝑥106 𝑝𝑠𝑖
v = (1 + 𝜀𝑥 )(1 + 𝜀𝑦 )(1 + 𝜀𝑧 )
v = 1 + 𝜀𝑥 + 𝜀𝑦 + 𝜀𝑧
𝑒 = 𝜀𝑥 + 𝜀𝑦 + 𝜀𝑧
𝑒 = 𝜀𝑥 + 𝜀𝑦 + 𝜀𝑧
1−2𝜈
𝑒= (𝜎𝑥 + 𝜎𝑦 + 𝜎𝑧 )
𝐸
1
𝜈= El material es incompresible (𝑘 = ∞)
2
𝜈=0
+ No se producirá deformación transversal
carga axial pura
y el sólido aumentará de volumen
𝑃
(𝜎𝑥 = 𝐴 ; 𝜎𝑦 = 𝜎𝑧 = 0)
𝐸
𝑘=
3 1 − 2𝑣
200 𝐺𝑃𝑎
𝑘= = 158.73 𝐺𝑃𝑎
3 1 − 2𝑥0.29
𝜎𝑥 = 𝜎𝑦 = 𝜎𝑧 = −𝑝
𝑝
𝜖𝑥 = 𝜖𝑦 = 𝜖𝑧 = − 1 − 2𝑣 … (𝑰)
𝐸
180 −4
𝜖𝑥 = 𝜖𝑦 = 𝜖𝑧 = − 1 − 2𝑥0.29 = −3.78𝑋10
200𝑥103
𝜎𝑥 𝑣𝜎𝑦 𝑣𝜎𝑧
𝜖𝑥 = − −
𝐸 𝐸 𝐸
𝑣𝜎𝑥 𝜎𝑦 𝑣𝜎𝑧
𝜖𝑦 = − + −
𝐸 𝐸 𝐸
𝑣𝜎𝑥 𝑣𝜎𝑦 𝜎𝑧
𝜖𝑧 = − − +
𝐸 𝐸 𝐸
∆𝑉 𝜋. 852
𝑒= = 𝜖𝑥 + 𝜖𝑦 + 𝜖𝑧 𝑉= . 135 = 766 058.6 𝑚𝑚2
𝑉 4
∆𝑽 = 𝑒𝑉 = −143.9 𝑚𝑚2
∆𝑉
b): 𝑒= = 𝜖𝑥 + 𝜖𝑦 + 𝜖𝑧 = −7.295𝑥10−5 − 3.010𝑥10−4 − 7.295𝑥10−5
𝑉
∆𝑉
𝑒= = −4.469𝑥10−4
𝑉
∆𝑉 = 𝑒𝑉 = −4.469𝑥10−4 𝑥766 058.6 𝑚𝑚2
∆𝑽 = 𝑒𝑉 = −342.4 𝑚𝑚2
– J. R. R. Tolkien.