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2. PUMPS AND COMPONENTS

2.1 TYPES OF PUMPS

Pumps may be classified as kinetic energy (rotodynamic) or positive displacement

types. Kinetic energy types are those that apply energy to the fluid to create velocities that
subsequently are converted to pressure head. Positive displacement types are those that
apply in the form of direct force, continuous or intermittent energy to the fluid to produce
the lift or pressure head.

Pump Type
Kinetic Energy Centrifugal Single or Double Entry Volute
(Rotodynamic) Two Stage Volute
Multistage Split Casing or Barrel Casing
Single or Multistage Stage Well
Mixed Flow Volute
Bowl
Axial Flow Well
Positive Rotary Progressive Cavity
Displacement Sliding Vane
Peristaltic
Screw
Lobe
Gear
Reciprocating Diaphragm
Plunger
Piston
Open Archimedean Screw

Pumps in the kinetic (rotodynamic) category can be divided into classifications such
as centrifugal, mixed flow and axial flow. Centrifugal pump is the most common type
appropriate for sewage pumping applications.

Positive displacement pumps can be classified as reciprocating, rotary and open

types. The Archimedean screw pump is the common type in this category suitable for
pumping sewage.

For sewage pumping, only rotodynamic pump and Archimedean screw pump are used
in DSD. For sludge pumping, ram pump, progressive cavity pump and diaphragm pump
are widely used.

2.2 CENTRIFUGAL PUMPS

For rotodynamic pump, different designs are available to cover wide operating range.
It is relatively compact. More skill is needed for installation and maintenance. Operating
characteristics could be determined at factory. Flow rate is adjustable by changing the