Group VII

Fluorine Reaction with water

Stronger Van Der Waals forces

Reaction with hydrogen

Increasing atomic/ionic radii

Increasing ionisation energy

Increasing electronegativity
Increasing reduction power
Increasing oxidation power
Increasing colour intensity
Explode with H2 Violent reaction
F2 + H2O ->
Fluorine under all F2 + H2 -> 2HF Fluorine oxidise water to

Chlorine
conditions
Explode with H2 Cl2 + H2 ->
Chlorine Chlorine
oxygen
Reversible
reaction
2HF + 1/2O2

Cl2 + H2O<->
HCl + HClO
under light 2HCl

Bromine
Slow reaction,
heat at 200ºC
with catalyst
Br2 + H2 ->
2HBr
Bromine Bromine
Equililibrium to
the left
Almost
Br2 + H2O <->
HBr + HBrO
I2 + H2O <-> HI
Iodine

Iodine
No reaction insoluble + HIO
Iodine unless heated I2 + H2 <-> 2HI
strongly
Reason: H-X bond formed release less energy

Reaction with H2SO4 Reaction with NH3 Decomposition of HX

Fluoride No ppt -
NaF + H2SO4 Hydrogen
Steamy fumes White ppt of Soluble in dil. Stable to heat -
Fluoride -> HF + Chloride Fluoride
of HF AgCl NH3
NaHSO4 Hydrogen
Cream ppt of Soluble in conc. Stable to heat -
NaCl + H2SO4 Bromide Chloride
Steamy fumes AgBr NH3
Chloride -> HCl + Decompose
of HCl Hydrogen 2HBr-> H2 +
NaHSO4 Yellow ppt of slightly, brown
Iodide Insoluble in NH3 Bromide Br2
NaBr + H2SO4 AgI fumes observed
-> HBr + Easily
Brown fume of NaHSO4 AgCl (s) <-> Ag+ (aq) + Cl- (aq)
Bromide decomposed,
Br2 and HBr 2HBr + H2SO4 Ag+(aq) + 2NH3(aq) <-> [Ag(NH3)2]+ (aq) Hydrogen Iodide 2HI -> H2 + I2
dense purple
-> Br2 + SO2 + fumes observed
2H2O
Reason: atomic radius of X increases, causing
NaI + H2SO4 -> Reaction of Cl2 with NaOH bonding parit of electron to be futher awayfrom
HI + NaHSO4 nuclei of H and X. Energy of H-X bond decrease as
Purple fumes of
Iodide 2HI + H2SO4 -> the electrons are less strongly attracted. Thermal
I2 Cold: 2NaOH + Cl2 -> NaCl + NaClO + H2O
I2 + SO2 + stability of H-X decreases down the group.
2H2O Hot: 3NaClO -> 2NaCl + NaClO3