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CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that the team comprising of Mr. Kapil Gauttam, Ms. Lalita
Verma, Ms. Meenakshi Garg and Mr. Nitesh Gupta, all students of Final year
(Electronics & Comm. Engineering) of MBM Engineering College has
successfully completed its project on “ACCIDENT ALERT WITH AUTOMATIC
DIALER” under my guidance.
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
.
Kapil Gauttam
Lalita Verma
Meenakshi Garg
Nitesh Gupta
Final year ECE
MBM Engineering College
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ABSTRACT
Security is primary concern for everyone. This Project describes the design of
an effective alarm system that can monitor a vehicle with three different sensors.
Presence of any obstacle, smoke due to fire and glass breaking can be monitored
by the status of each individual sensor and is indicated with an alarm and dialer
correspondingly. This alarm shows whether the sensor has been activated and
whether there is a need for automatic dialing.
The uniqueness of this project is not only alerting the driver, it also dials a mobile
number which is already programmed into the system. A mobile number or a land
line number can be programmed into the system. As this system works on existing
telephone line, it can dial the number even the subscriber is out of station.
Alarm and dialer are interfaced with the AT89C2051 microcontroller from Atmel.
This microcontroller provides all the functionality of the alarm and dialler. It also
takes care of filtering of the signals at the inputs.
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INDEX
CHAPTER 1 . INTRODUCTION……………………….6-8
1.1 NEED OF PROJECT…………………………………7
1.2 PROJECT INTRODUCTION……………………….8
ANNEXURE……………………………………………27-37
BIBLEOGRAPHY……………………………………..38
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I
Introduction
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1. INTRODUCTION
Sometimes, objects or vehicles very near to truck occurring on blind points get
accident. This problem is called “blind spot problem”.
There may be some other reasons as follows, which may result in dangerous
accidents-
1. Sometimes due to fog, vehicles are not visible even up to very less distance.
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1.2 PROJECT INTRODUCTION
New generation of cars are improved in such a way that the number of accidents
may decrease. Innovative ideas has been implemented and emerged in order to
reduce the risk of accident. During the recent past years, some alarm systems and
intelligent controlled apparatus have been designed and developed in order to
increase the safety of automobiles.
This Project describes a design of effective alarm system that can monitor an
automotive / vehicle / car condition in travelling. The project name “ACCIDENT
ALERT WITH AUTOMATIC DIALLER” shows that project is designed to
prevent the accident and to inform emergency about an accident that has occurred.
In this project, a proximity detector is used which detects the presence of an object
in its range and alerts the driver accordingly. A glass breakage sensor and smoke
detector is also introduced in this project to detect the breakage of glass and smoke
due to fire in the vehicle respectively in case the accident has taken place. These
sensors send a signal to microcontroller, which is connected to a DTMF dialler
chip. A basic telephone unit is interfaced to the DTMF dialler chip that sends call
to the predefined mobile or emergency number and informs about this accident.
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II
CONSTRUCTION & WORKING
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2. CONSTRUCTION & WORKING
The construction of project named ACCIDENT ALERT WITH AUTOMATIC
DIALLER can be seen as following heads-
1. Sensors
(a.) Proximity sensor
(b.) Smoke detector
(c.) Glass breakage sensor
2. Microcontroller
3. Alarm system
4. Dialer system
Fig. 2.1 constructional figure of “Accident Alert with Automatic Dialer” on board
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Fig 2.2 PCB layout of controller interfacing with dialer
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The constructional block diagram of the project can be shown as under-
This block diagram shows main contents used in project. The project includes 9
volt power supply for controller circuit and a 5 volt supply for DTMF dialer chip.
At the input of microprocessor, three detector circuits are used and according to
their output alarm and dialer circuit works.
2.1 SENSORS
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2. Smoke detector
3. Glass breakage detector
The proximity sensor used in this project is a long range IR transmitter with an IR
receiver. Schematic diagram of this sensor is shown in the fig below.
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Fig. 2.5 PCB layout of PROXIMITY DETECTOR
Dimension offset : X = 39.67mm ; Y =71.00mm
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Fig. 2.6 IR long range transmitter circuit
Smoke detector is a circuit used to detect any smoke in the particular range. A very
simple approach is used here to detect smoke in the air. It uses an LDR (Light
Dependent Resistor) as a light detector.
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Concept applied to project:
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The circuit diagram of smoke detector can be shown as under-
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Fig. 2.9 SMOKE DETECTOR circuit
From the above discussion, it is clear that the smoke detector circuit detects the
smoke and gives the trigger alarm to the output.
As shown in the above fig., a switch is fitted in closed condition below glass. As
far as switch is closed current flows through resistor R and output is 1. When glass
breaks down due to accident or if someone tries to get unauthorized access in to the
vehicle, switch gets open and output is 0, which is detected by microcontroller.
According to the output of glass breakage sensor, microcontroller sends signal to
dialer system.
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Fig. 2.11 glass breakage detector
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2.2 MICRO-CONTROLLER
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acall delay
sjmp main
l2: ;loop for sending no. to be dialed (for e.g. here 9413902021)
acall delay
acall reset
clr p1.3 ;code for 9
clr p1.6
acall delay
acall reset
clr p1.1 ;code for 4
clr p1.5
acall deley
acall reset
clr p1.1 ;code for 1
clr p1.4
acall delay
acall reset
clr p1.3 ;code for 3
clr p1.4
acall delay
acall reset
clr p1.3 ;code for 9
clr p1.6
acall delay
acall reset
clr p1.2 ;code for 0
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clr p1.7
acall delay
acall reset
clr p1.2 ;code for 2
clr p1.4
acall delay
acall reset
clr p1.2 ;code for 0
clr p1.7
acall delay
acall reset
clr p1.2 ;code for 2
clr p1.4
acall delay
acall reset
clr p1.1 ;code for 1
clr p1.4
reset:
setb p1.1
setb p1.2
setb p1.3
setb p1.4
setb p1.5
setb p1.6
setb p1.7
ret
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delay:
mov r5,#2
h3:
mov r4,#2
h2:
mov r3,#2
h1:
djnz r3,h1
djnz r4,h2
djnz r5,h3
ret
end
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Fig. 2.12 Interconnection of microcontroller with dialer system and buffer IC
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III
APPLICATIONS AND ADVANTAGES
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3. ADVANTAGES AND APPLICATIONS
3.1 ADVANTAGES
1. It can monitor for all hazards and threats, which may lead to accident
and alert the driver accordingly.
2. In case the accident has taken place, it can fulfill the communication
gape and readily avail the emergency help.
3. The predefined Mobile number or landline number can be altered easily
3.2 APPLICATION
1. In Automotive and transport vehicles, it can be implemented after some
transportation.
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Annexure
Various ICs:
1. IC 555 (TIMER)
The LM555/NE555/SA555 is a highly stable controller capable of producing
accurate timing pulses. With monostable operation, the time delay is controlled by
one external resistor and one capacitor. With astable operation, the frequency and
duty cycle are accurately controlled with two external resistors and one capacitor.
Features
• High Current Drive Capability (200mA)
• Adjustable Duty Cycle
• Temperature Stability of 0.005%/ C
• Timing from sec to Hours
• Turn off Time Less than 2sec
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BLOCK DIAGRAM:
Applications
• Monostable Operation
• Astable Operation
• Frequency divider
• Pulse Width Modulation
• Pulse Position Modulation
• Linear Ramp
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4. LM78XX (3-Terminal 1A Positive Voltage Regulator)
The MC78XX/LM78XX/MC78XXA series of three terminal positive regulators
are available in the TO-220/D-PAK package and with several fixed output
voltages, making them useful in a wide range of applications. Each type employs
internal current limiting, thermal shut down and safe operating area protection,
making it essentially indestructible. If adequate heat sinking is provided, they can
deliver over 1A output current. Although designed primarily as fixed voltage
regulators, these devices can be used with external components to obtain adjustable
voltages and currents.
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Features:
• Output Current up to 1A
• Output Voltages of 5, 6, 8, 9, 10, 12, 15, 18, 24V
• Thermal Overload Protection
• Short Circuit Protection
• Output Transistor Safe Operating Area Protection
4. IC LM324
The project use buffer IC LM324 to make compatibility of the circuit with
microcontroller 8051.
The LM324 consists of four independent, high gains; internally frequency
compensated operational amplifiers which were designed specifically to operate
from a single power supply over a wide range of voltages.
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Features:
• Internally frequency compensated for unity gain
• Large DC voltage gain 100 dB
• Wide bandwidth (unity gain) 1 MHz (temperature compensated)
• Wide power supply range: Single supply 3V to 32V or dual supplies
±1.5V to ±16V
• Very low supply current drain (700 µA)-essentially independent of
supply voltage
• Low input biasing current 45 nA (temperature compensated)
• Low input offset voltage 2 mV and offset current: 5 nA
• Input common-mode voltage range includes ground
• Differential input voltage range equal to the power supply voltage
• Large output voltage swing 0V to V+ - 1.5V
MICROCONTROLLER 8051
Features
• Internal ROM and RAM
• I/O ports with programmable pins
• Timers and counters
• Serial data communication
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Fig.2.18 Block Diagram of MICROCONTROLLER 8051
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PIN CONFIGURATION
PIN DISCRIPTION
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Port pin Alternate function
P3.4 T0 (TIMER 0)
P3.5 T1 (TIMER 1)
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1 2 3 F1 R1
R2
4 5 6 F2 R3
7 8 9 P R4
C1
C2
*/ T 0 # RD C3
GND
1. */T -
At pulse mode, this key work as pulse
4. P-Pulse key
6. #- At pulse mode this key input is neglected, at DTMF mode this key
work as # key
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Internal block diagram:
IV
FIG. 2.21 INTERNAL BLOCK DIAGRAM
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BIBLEOGRAPHY
• www.wikepedia.com
• www.kpsec.freeuk.com
• www.digichip.com
• www.datasheets4u.com
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