How to make your

business thrive.
Five invaluable steps to get the most
out of the Internet of Things.
2
Contents

Foreword 4

Executive summary 5

1.0 Introduction 6

2.0 What is the Internet of Things? 7

2.1 M2M or IoT: what’s the difference? 8
2.2 International IoT examples 9

3.0 How important will IoT be? 11

4.0 Key IoT considerations: 12

4.1 STEP 1: Identify the right problem 13
4.1.1 IoT in action – real-life customer examples 14
4.2 STEP 2: Set up for a great execution 16
4.3 STEP 3: Choose the right technology 17
4.3.1 Devices – sensors and microprocessors 17
4.3.2 The communication network – your critical link 18
4.3.3 Application and platform considerations 25
4.4 STEP 4: Define the right operating model 30
4.5 STEP 5: Selecting the right partner 30

5.0 Conclusion 31

6.0 Appendix 32
6.1 Why Telstra? 32

7.0 References 36

8.0 Abbreviations/Acronyms 37

3
 Foreword

As I reflect on my recent interactions with customers
across the globe, it’s clear that IoT has come of age.
In recent times, there has been a lot of buzz about the
Internet of Things (IoT) and the impact of a new era of
business productivity. I’m delighted to share our thoughts
on IoT in this latest Telstra discussion paper, ‘How to make
your business thrive: Five invaluable steps to get the most
out of the Internet of Things’. In it, we look at what the IoT is,
what it can offer your organisation, and some tips and tricks
for those considering adopting or scaling up an IoT solution.
IoT is essentially about making business ‘smarter’ with
networked devices that contain sensors, software and
electronics to collect and exchange data. Through analytics
and automation, IoT helps organisations and individuals
to make more informed decisions. It can also help to drive
change, improve business efficiencies, reduce costs
and make organisations competitive in a global market.
IoT is poised to become a cornerstone of business
innovation and growth, and its impact on Australian
industries will be significant.
However, there are a number of factors that we recommend
our customers consider when contemplating an IoT
initiative. It’s important to understand – up front – the key
issues and opportunities within your business. This covers
everything from the steps you need to take for a great
execution to choosing the right technology, defining the
right operating model and selecting the right partner to
deliver your desired result. And then there are the project,
device, network, platform and application considerations
and decisions, all of which will be key to the successful
rollout and ongoing management of your solution.
Telstra has a long and proud history of innovating for the
benefit of our customers and we continue to invest in our
great networks and technologies to make this possible.
And when it comes to IoT, we are well positioned to help.
By way of example, right now we have several local councils
piloting sensor networks to monitor environmental
conditions (noise, humidity and CO2) so they can improve
their planning. (They now have historical and near real-time
data to inform town planning strategy and urbanisation
impact studies.) We also have other councils using sensor
feeds from streetlights and power grids to optimise
operating times and reduce costs while continuing to deliver
the same quality of service to their communities. Meanwhile,
one of Australia’s founding manufacturing companies,
Sutton Tools, is embracing IoT for quality control, machine
optimisation and reduced maintenance costs.
Telstra’s Chief Scientist Dr. Hugh Bradlow also says: “While
previous IT revolutions have impacted particular tasks or
segments of the economy, IoT can be applied across the
board. All industries are open to being revolutionised and the
status quo of today is quickly becoming a thing of the past.”
Michelle Bendschneider,
Telstra Executive Director Global Products, 2016

From a technology perspective, IoT leverages the core

components of networks (and their capability and
coverage), security, analytics and cloud services to create
a tremendous opportunity for organisations to profit in
a time of disruption.

Our Chief Scientist Dr. Hugh Bradlow observes that:

“IoT is driving innovation. There is almost

unprecedented opportunity to drive
change and efficiency through improved
predictive analytics based on the data
collected by the connected (IoT) sensors.”

4
Executive summary
The Internet of Things is here, it’s real and it will have a
profound impact on every aspect of our society. This paper
aims to help businesses with the key points for their
business strategy when looking to implement or extend
an Internet of Things (IoT) solution.
IoT is essentially a network of connected devices supported
by a platform that integrates and manages multiple
systems and data points, with insights from data analytics
driving business value.
IoT promises tremendous opportunities for innovation,
driven in part by insights from data analytics and near
real-time connectivity on an unlimited range of devices
or ‘things’. However our research has shown us that there
is a lack of IoT understanding and this is a critical path to
overcome before any IoT deployment. This suggests that
there is significant unrealised potential for IoT among
Australian organisations.
Today, there are already many real world implementations
of IoT delivering benefits or, in some cases, creating entirely
new businesses or derivations of established practices
– think of connected car initiatives, precision farming,
Good Cities, near real-time usage-based insurance and
analytics-based predictive asset maintenance to name
but a few.
Whatever your industry, Telstra recommends a partner
that will take you through end to end implementation.
This would start with an initial business discovery session
to identify challenges and opportunities for growth
and then ongoing help to deliver a plan that includes:
1. identifying the right problem, 2. getting set for a great
execution, 3. choosing the right technology, 4. defining
the right operating model, and 5. selecting the right partner.
We recommend that you choose any IoT provider that can
offer you a wide range of network and platform solutions
and can work with you to develop a solution specific to your
business needs. Being part of a credible and experienced
ecosystem, along with proven ability to scope, implement,
monitor and manage the solution, is more likely to deliver
a successful outcome. It is also important to assess
market options and the capabilities of the players in the
IoT ecosystem. Consider the experience of any partners
and their track record of implementation.
IoT solutions are far from ‘one size fits all’. The right
solution for your organisation depends entirely on your
business challenge or strategic goals. While the decisions
(and impacts) at each step of the process may appear
daunting, they are all made easier with a suitably
experienced IoT partner to guide you through the process.
As Telstra’s Director of Business and Enterprise Mobility,
Mark Chapman, observes:
“Businesses aren’t just competing locally
anymore. They’re competing with the
world… That means being cost-effective,
being efficient and delivering the best
product to your customers that you
possibly can. IoT is a way of actually
optimising your business to deliver
the best outcomes for your customers
at the best price.”
As more IoT use cases come to light, we will continue
to share with you insights into innovation and competitive
advantage from Telstra customers who are adopting
a ‘smarter’ business model of the future.
5
 1.0 Introduction
Telstra has produced this white paper to help you –
as a mid-sized business, large enterprise or government
organisation – understand the key considerations for your
business strategy when looking to implement an Internet
of Things solution. Our step-by-step plan includes five
invaluable points to help you increase productivity or set
your organisation apart from the competition. And while
IoT has equal applicability in the home (heated to your
preferred temperature for your pending arrival or remote
access to appliances to improve one’s lifestyle), this paper
primarily explores considerations for IoT in the business
context. Key industries embracing IoT solutions are the
mining sector, financial services and local government.
We are also seeing adoption in the manufacturing,
transport and logistics, and retail sectors.
6
We will explain what IoT is and how it differs from M2M,
demonstrate the potential with real world examples and
provide actionable information to enable your organisation
to exploit the opportunity. This paper will help you identify
how you can use IoT to drive innovation and improve
service, reduce cost, improve productivity and increase
efficiency for your business.
We examine the key technology considerations for IoT
as well as looking at the steps to take when planning your
IoT implementation or evolving an existing deployment.
But first, what is the Internet of Things?
2.0 What is the Internet
of Things?

Mention the Internet of Things in general conversation,

and you’re likely to get widely differing responses.
Huh? to aha!

In business, there is a strong movement towards

embracing IoT with organisations viewing it as an exciting
opportunity with applications that will have a profound
and positive impact on every aspect of society.

Telstra believes that IoT is already bringing, and will

continue to bring, innovation and disruptive potential
to many organisations and existing business models.

So what does IoT involve exactly? At its essence, an IoT

solution will include:

• sensors that generate information (e.g. temperature,

power usage);

• a communications network (so the information

can be shared);

• a central computing resource (for holding and possibly

analysing the data);

• and, in some cases, actuators (a type of motor that
is responsible for moving a mechanism) that perform
control functions under command from the central
computing resources.
In other words, information from the sensors is sent over
a network to be processed by a computer so that the
business knows what is happening and can make better
informed decisions. Many IoT applications also incorporate
data analytics so that additional intelligence can be
gleaned from aggregating large volumes of data generated
by small or large numbers of sensors. For example, it’s one
thing to know that there is traffic congestion; it’s far more
useful to know the cause of the traffic congestion and
alternative safe routes that can be used to reroute traffic
and convey that directly to drivers.
“When Telstra thinks about IoT,
we think about three things: innovation,
the network and security. It’s about
taking what you do well today and making
it better. Whether you want to optimise
cost, improve your customers’ experience,
or improve a process to make things better
for your staff, IoT can solve the problem
for you.”
Mark Chapman, Director of Business
and Enterprise Mobility, Telstra

7
 2.0 What is the Internet
of Things? (cont.)

2.1 M2M or IoT: what’s the difference?

IoT is the next evolution of M2M technology that brings

the power of cloud computing to sensor networks.

Whilst both M2M and IoT involve remote device access,

M2M can be thought of as a single point telemetry solution,
where a device is connected by a SIM to a service provider’s
network (e.g. in the case of smart vending, a telemetry
device sending alerts for machine maintenance).

In contrast, IoT includes M2M solutions but extends it

further to other ecosystems (e.g. the telemetry device
incorporates sales recording, stock management and
maintenance and is extended to Enterprise Resource
Planning (ERP) and workforce management). IoT connects
physical things (devices or humans wearing devices)
to the Internet via attached or embedded sensors and
communications networks.

For M2M, data is typically generated from a dedicated

source for a particular application. This is in contrast to
IoT where data can be generated from a variety of disparate
sources and used across multiple third party applications
via open APIs. IoT is a network of connected devices
supported by a platform that brings together the
management, analytics and integration of multiple
systems and data points into a single system.

IoT solutions are characterised by three specific attributes:

1. The ability to connect devices/‘things’ across multiple

networks over a secure link.

2. The ability to measure, monitor and manage devices.

3. The ability to make connected devices relevant to an

organisation’s business process flows by integrating
with key internal systems (e.g. ERP, HR, CRM, or supply
chain systems).

In many cases, an IoT solution contains a fourth

component, namely, a ‘response’ to the information
provided by the sensors. For example, in a smart building,
information sensors may detect people in an area.
In response, control software could issue instructions
to remotely controlled switches to turn on lighting, heating
or air conditioning. This is done in ‘response’ to the initial
sensor data received.

Applications of the Internet of Things are not limited

to purpose-built systems. For example, the location
information provided to the network by every mobile phone
can be aggregated and used to provide useful information
to drivers on traffic congestion levels or to aid in planning
public transport infrastructure.

8
2.2 International IoT examples
The changing pace of logistics
‘Fleet management is crucial at the Port of Hamburg,
which is the second busiest port in Europe. Its ‘smartPORT’
initiative has raised efficiency and prepared the port
for additional growth. The overall goal is to maintain,
modernize, and improve the Hamburg Port Authority’s
IT infrastructure to support efficient operations and
economic development, while minimizing the impact of
traffic on local citizens. An IoT-based approach coordinates
all aspects of harbor operations impacting ship, rail,
and road traffic. So far, the Hamburg Port Authority has
installed more than 300 roadway sensors to monitor traffic
in the port area and to track wear on bridges. Digital
signs and mobile apps give drivers traffic and parking
information. Sensors also extend to waterways (using radar
and automatic identification systems to coordinate ship
traffic), and a solution that integrates roadway traffic data
to help manage traffic disruptions that may occur when
ship traffic requires bridge closures around the port area’.1
Efficient resource and energy monitoring
‘IoT sensors are ideally suited to tracking all kinds of
resources, including petroleum and natural gas, electricity,
and water. And IoT technology has strong potential to
enable greater environmental sustainability. IoT can reduce
waste, prevent disasters, and be a critical component of
the smart energy grid of the future. Utility organisations,
municipalities, oil and gas companies, and consumers
themselves are among the many entities and individuals
tapping into IoT capabilities to optimise their use
of resources.
Hagihon, Israel’s largest municipal water utility company,
is leading the way in using smart devices to improve
water-system management, maintenance, and revenue
collection in the Jerusalem area. In a semi-arid climate,
Hagihon has reduced water loss while preserving the
company’s bottom line.
9
 2.0 What is the Internet
of Things? (cont.)
The company replaced a traditional, labour-intensive work
model with a smart-technology solution, implementing
a mix of both high- and low-tech strategies, and cultivating
several key technological partnerships, to increase
efficiency and profitability. Pump and in-ground
sensors allow easy tracking of water pressure and flow.
A supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA)
system controls functions based on sensor data analysis.
A geographical information system (GIS) provides a
real-time map of current conditions. Fixed acoustic
sensors, combined with mobile, cloud, and GPS technology,
can pinpoint water leaks underground, while ERP and
mobile apps support field technician productivity. This
impressive leak detection system has resulted in
a significant decrease in overall water loss, and has
increased profitability. The system has also improved
labour efficiency, with sensors taking data collection
that was previously conducted manually. This has
generated substantial cost savings’.1
IoT-enabled preventative maintenance on
production floor
‘IoT enables managers to understand what is occurring
at a given moment in a factory environment – the
performance of machines, ambient conditions, energy
consumption, status of inventory, or the flow of materials.
Preventative maintenance is a key use case of IoT, and
this is particularly critical in a production-floor setting.
Sensors can alert managers (or machines) that a physical
asset in the factory is exceeding acceptable levels of
vibration or temperature, is malfunctioning, or is otherwise
prone to fail. This has major implications in terms
of overall equipment effectiveness (OEE), a key metric
of manufacturing productivity, and has positive ripple
effects throughout the supply chain.
Continental Tire provides a good example of a connected
production floor. The company was experiencing
production delays due to misplaced components for tire
manufacturing in its enormous plant environments, relying
on grid lines painted on the floor and handwritten notes
to locate ‘carriers’ (carts) holding sheets of rubber and
other tire components. Now, Wi-Fi sensors are placed
on carriers and integrated with an inventory management
system, so that employees can view individual carrier
locations on their mobile devices. These appear as icons
superimposed on a map of the facility. As a result,
Continental has increased production efficiency,
and cut wasted component costs’.1
10
Major international retailers are already applying
IoT data to drive experience and sales
‘Online retailing giant Amazon is once again disrupting
bricks and mortar retailing with the Dash Button, a Wi-Fi
enabled device that is mapped to specific consumer
packaged goods products like laundry detergent. Stuck
to a washing machine, all a consumer needs to do when
the current supply is running low is tap the button and
that generates an order, transaction and delivery of a fresh
supply of detergent.
Nordstrom tracks pins on Pinterest to see what products
are trending, and uses that on signs in-store to show
shoppers what interests their peers.’2
A new era of self-health management – integration
of health with large data sets
‘A recent strategic partnership between Philips and
Salesforce.com led to the creation of a platform that
enables medical devices to operate in conjunction with
deep sets of data. The analysis of this data – amassed
through electronic medical records, diagnostic information
gathered through imaging equipment, monitors and
hand-held personal devices – enhances the decision-
making powers of professionals and enables patients
to take a more active role in managing their personal
health. These innovations are transforming not just
the care of the chronically ill but those who are and
want to remain healthy.
By the end of the decade, this data-rich personalised
analysis of our health will become the norm. Individuals will
be provided with tailor-made strategies to combat illness
and social technologies will enable us to manage our own
health. From the data generated, we will learn how to
improve our wellbeing and be motivated to take control’.3
3.0 How important will IoT be?
“The literature abounds with predictions
on the value and scale of IoT.”4
McKinsey & Co, 2015
The numbers alone don’t convey the expected impact
of IoT. McKinsey says the central finding of its report
“is that the hype may actually understate the full potential
of the Internet of Things.” However, this comes with the
caveat that “capturing the maximum benefits will require
an understanding of where real value can be created and
successfully addressing a set of systems issues, including
interoperability.”
McKinsey puts an upper limit on the potential economic
impact of IoT in 2025 of $US11.1 trillion, or about 11 per cent
of the World Bank’s estimate of the value of the world
economy by that time.
Australian market research company Telsyte forecasts
(Telsyte, 2016)5 that spending on IoT home products and
services in Australia will grow almost 11-fold in the next
four years from $289 million in 2015 to $3.2 billion
in 2019, by which time it expects every household to have
24 Internet-connected devices, up from nine in 2015.
The Australian Communications Alliance (Australian
Communications Alliance, 2015)6 suggests that the local
market for IoT could have a positive impact of $116 billion
on the Australian economy by 2025. They suggest there
is “opportunity for Australian businesses to become a
significant exporter of business solutions by IoT provided
the policy and regulation setting can be optimised early
to support business-led innovation”.
Deloitte7 (TMT Predictions 2015) predicts that in 2015
one billion wireless Internet of Things (IoT) devices will
be shipped, up 60 per cent from 2014, and leading to
an installed base of 2.8 billion devices. It says the global
market for IoT-specific hardware (which could be a relatively
expensive cellular modem, or a much cheaper Wi-Fi chip)
is likely to be worth $US10 billion, and the associated
services enabled by the devices worth about $US70 billion.
Finally, IDC8 (International Data Corporation, 2015) suggests
that 73 per cent of organisations have already deployed
or intend to deploy an IoT solution within 12 months.
The volume of commentary around IoT has certainly
created a strong level of interest and a review of global
commentary suggests that there is a transitory shift
to IoT (admittedly more quickly in mature and developed
economies such as the US, Europe and Australia than
developing nations). Indeed, the IDC research appears
to support this shift with 58 per cent of organisations
surveyed citing IoT as ‘strategic’ and 24 per cent
regarding it as ‘transformative’.
11
 4.0 Key IoT considerations
If you are thinking of deploying an IoT solution there are five
key aspects you need to consider, from identifying the right
business problem to selecting the right partner. We explore
these in more detail below.
1. Identify the right problem – what are your business’s
issues, constraints and growth opportunities?
Depending on your business, these may involve
a desire or need to:
a. Improve the efficiency of your business operations.
b. Reduce your asset/device maintenance costs and
equipment failures (via proactive maintenance).
c. Improve your customer engagement and/or
differentiate yourself from your competitors.
2. Get set for a great execution – do you have executive
endorsement, consensus on your business issues and
opportunities? Are your IoT deliverables aligned with
your business strategy, and do you understand the
implementation and logistical impacts?
12
3. Choose the right technology:
a. Device – sensor or microprocessor?
b. Communication network – what do you need?
What’s the data rate, coverage, cost, battery life,
latency, reliability?
c. Platform – again, consider your needs: reliability,
data aggregation and visualisation capability,
developer capability, scalability, openness,
SIM and device management capability?
4. Define the right operating model – self manage
or outsource to a third party with proven expertise?
5. Select the right partner – what IoT ecosystem can they
offer? What’s their expertise in scoping, implementing,
monitoring and managing a solution like yours?
Each of these areas is explored in more detail in the
following sections.

4.1
STEP 1: Identify the right problem
Identifying and understanding your business problem
is the key to developing the right IoT solution
As Telstra’s Director of Business and Enterprise Mobility,
Mark Chapman, observes: “Businesses aren’t just
competing locally; they’re competing with the world.
In order to be effective in that landscape, you’ve got to
be doing it as well or better than your competition, not just
[the company] next door, but also overseas. That means
being cost-effective, being efficient and delivering the best
product to your customers that you possibly can. IoT offers
a way of actually optimising your business to deliver the
best outcomes, at the best price.”
Understanding your business problem is the first step
towards developing the right IoT solution. It is best to start
with a simple business problem and then look to solving
this by improving efficiency, reducing costs or by gaining
business insights that help to improve your decision-
making. A discussion with skilled IoT experts can help
you identify your key business needs and the potential.
They will then work with you to scope the most suitable
solution. As one solution is implemented and delivers
a positive return on investment (ROI), the same model
can then be applied to other aspects of the business.
According to the Accenture and Economist Intelligence Unit
CEO Briefing 20159 report, From Productivity to Outcomes
– Using the Internet of Things to drive future business
strategies, (Accenture, 2015): “The vast majority of C-suite
executives (84 per cent) believe that their organisations
have the capability to create new, service-based income
streams using IoT. Despite this, a mere seven per cent have
developed a comprehensive strategy and committed
investments accordingly.”
A survey of 253 Australian organisations in September 2015
undertaken by Tech Research Asia10 (TRA) (Tech Research
Asia, 2015) found that 28 per cent of respondents said they
needed to understand IoT better before determining
whether a strategy was needed, and 24 per cent admitted
to having an ad hoc approach to IoT.
The TRA analysis also showed that “lack of IoT
understanding” was ranked the most important obstacle
to overcome before embarking on an IoT deployment by
24 per cent of respondents, followed by the “lack of IoT
business case” (18 per cent). All of this suggests that
there is significant unrealised potential for IoT among
Australian organisations.
The TRA data also suggests organisations perceive IoT
as a source of innovation and great potential for the
business and are looking for examples to help them
plan their own IoT activities.
A search of the Internet will offer up many real world
examples of IoT implementations – of every kind and
across every industry. These can provide inspiration if
you are looking to explore how your business can usefully
exploit IoT. At the very least, you should be able to translate
some case studies, at a high level, into something
applicable to your own operations. The challenge then,
from an organisational and technical perspective, is
slotting together all the pieces to translate the concept
into a working IoT system.
There are predominantly six broad use cases for
companies to consider for IoT:
• Asset tracking;
• Industrial monitoring;
• Metering;
• Vending;
• Remote maintenance;
• Telematics.
Projects can be typically driven by four key
considerations. In other words, the company
may want to:
• Optimise operations;
• Reduce cost;
• Enhance customer engagement;
• Differentiate through innovation in the market.
Or any combination of the above.
With these considerations in mind, it is important that
all stakeholders in your organisation are clear about
the business challenge you face and the inherent value
offered by an IoT solution.
13
 4.0 K
 ey IoT considerations
(cont.)
Smart Farming
“Precision agriculture is a leap
forward for farmers. Using IoT
instrumentation across farmlands,
collecting data from various and
multiple sources, makes it possible
to increase crop yields. Sensors can
now be used to monitor crop growth,
the soil content, the environment
and weather patterns. Align this
information with market trends,
crop prices, export sales and
suddenly the farmer has a rich layer
of data insights to work smarter.
By smarter I mean he can now
focus on where there is likely to
be greatest return. It increases
productivity and revenues”.
Dr Hugh Bradlow,
Chief Scientist, Telstra
14
4.1.1 IoT in action – real-life customer examples
The applications of IoT are enormously diverse. The
following examples have been chosen to give a flavour
of the diversity across a range of industries, business
needs and commercial strategies. All are implementations
in Australia that are providing real, commercial benefits
that address a specific business problem.
One of Australia’s founding manufacturing companies,
Sutton Tools, embraces IoT for quality control, machine
optimisation and reduced maintenance costs.
Sutton Tools, established in 1917 and regarded as one of
the founding organisations of manufacturing in Australia,
has brought IoT solutions into the organisation to support
its high-quality, precision engineering capabilities.
The company’s first initiative involved making data from
a measurement system available through a web page in near
real-time to support high quality product manufacturing.
More recently, the organisation has embarked on an
IoT initiative involving sensors on its grinding machines
to assess energy consumption (a key indicator of optimal
machine set-up), oil pressure and other metrics. This IoT
solution replaces the company’s previous paper-based
process and provides almost real-time machine
performance and management data, both of which are
critical in optimising machine performance and output
quality. Suttons expects to realise benefits of between
10 and 15 per cent by extending grinding wheel life.
Sutton Tools’ Technology Manager, Dr Steve Dowey,
explains one of the key benefits of their approach is
the ability to apply IoT technology to current machines,
thereby maximising machine life and investment:
“With this approach we can instrument many machines
at once, and with a light touch. We can apply (the IoT
solution) to existing machines without significant
disruption. There’s tremendous future potential
for us – quality control benefits, further optimisation,
CNC machine integration…”
“We selected Telstra in the same way
Telstra selected us! It became clear
that we could work together, as our
requirements and outcomes for IoT
were aligned with the expertise and
deliverables that Telstra envisaged
for us.”
Dr Steve Dowey,
Technology Manager, Sutton Tools
Nufarm’s new ways to benefit farmers: better crop
quality and yields increase productivity
Nufarm is an Australian-based, global specialist in crop
protection and seed technologies and is collaborating
with Israel-based firm, Phytech, to introduce their plant
monitoring and agriculture analytics system to Australia.
This system provides near real-time monitoring via in-field
devices connected to Telstra’s mobile network on a range
of parameters that allow growers to optimise inputs and
make better informed decisions that improve both the
quality and yield of their crops.
Nufarm Australia GM Lachlan McKinnon observes:
“This leading edge technology is helping growers make
timely decisions on how best to manage their crops.
This IoT solution represents the innovation and growth
that is possible using technology in Australia to set a new
precedent for best practice farming. It supports growers
by giving them the information to make timely decisions
on how to best manage their crop. This is particularly
valuable for Australian farmers who work with the inherent
challenges of our landscape, with the variability in
seasonal conditions… there is a plethora of opportunity
across a whole range of crops.”
Improving citizen service delivery and amenities
management in the City of Joondalup (WA)
One of Western Australia’s largest local governments has
embarked upon an IoT proof-of-concept to provide smart
infrastructure and technology-based solutions to its
174,000 citizens. The City of Joondalup started its IoT
deployment in early 2016 by embedding a range of sensors
in one of its largest coastal parks. The aim is to provide
improved services, availability and safety. The wide-ranging
initiative is a significant part of the city’s “Digital Strategy”
and involves everything from waste management to street
lighting, parking, asset usage and management, and
logistics (route optimisation and scheduling). The City
expects key benefits across three broad areas – cost
reductions, improved workplace efficiencies and improved
asset management planning.
Joondalup sees IoT as a key source of innovation and
competitive advantage, as Jamie Parry, Director of
Governance & Strategy, City of Joondalup comments:
“Joondalup is fortunate to be home to state-of-the-art
research institutes (in areas such as cyber security and
engineering, for example), a major health campus, leading
international education and training organisations, creative
industries and dynamic business clusters. We are already
very well-positioned to maximise the benefits of the digital
economy and the technological advances that lie ahead;
and, in particular, the unique advantage we have through
the Joondalup Learning Precinct (comprising Edith Cowan
University, North Metropolitan TAFE, Police Academy
and City of Joondalup) to progress digital initiatives
in partnership. The City is the driver of innovation and
economic growth for the north-west metropolitan region
of Perth, boasting one of the largest concentrations of
knowledge-based activity in Western Australia and [we]
continue to experience growth. We need to be conscious
that with digital transformation set to play a key role in
government services and operational delivery in the future,
government agencies need to reassess their business
models and shift towards a more mobile and agile way of
business. We firmly believe this project will demonstrate
the City’s leadership in digital transformation for the
benefit of the wider community.”
These customer examples demonstrate how IoT can
be used to provide market differentiation and improve
productivity. In the next section, we look at what’s
involved in a great execution.
The City had many discussions internally
– and with Telstra on this project.
The City wanted to:
• Improve business and service delivery; for
example, through improved asset management
planning and a better understanding of
maintenance requirements and the life
of assets;
• Increase the City’s competitiveness from
an economic and/or marketing point of view;
for example, through IoT-enabled
push notifications;
• Provide near real-time data to aid
decision-making; for example, to assist
in determining the location and number
of assets in parks.
15
 4.0 K
 ey IoT considerations
(cont.)

Implementing an IoT initiative is not dissimilar to other

4.2
STEP 2: Set up for a great execution
As with any project, strong foundations are essential for
a successful outcome. With IoT, this includes getting buy-in
from all stakeholders that may be involved – for example,
marketing, IT, finance, operations and strategy.
Being prepared for change is critical. The competitive
market you’re looking at today may be entirely different
next quarter, thanks to the ever-present threat of new
market entrants and market disruption. A regular check
in with your key stakeholders and strategic deliverables
helps ensure continued commitment to the project.
A project that can demonstrate strategic importance
to both your short and longer term goals has far greater
likelihood of succeeding. Adopting an agile business
model will give you the flexibility you are likely to need
in today’s rapidly changing market.
projects in that it’s advisable to understand the impact
on logistics and other existing business operations.
Having clear and measurable goals will also help you build
credibility as you work towards your goal. The resulting
ROI will win endorsement for your solution, should you
want to apply it to other areas of the business.
“Develop something you have
ownership of and create something
that you can ‘show and grow’ with
tangible deliverables.”
Dr Steve Dowey,
Technology Manager, Sutton Tools

16
IoT research from Machina11 (Machina Research, 2015)
uncovers some important things you should consider
before embarking on an IoT project.
For a start, an IoT implementation should be driven by a
C-Level executive and not seen simply as an IT or product
development project. IoT can significantly transform and
change the nature of your business; either by improving
your operational processes, enabling new business models
with near real-time data, or delivering new customer
experiences and engagement models through connected
devices and services. Telstra would also suggest that
cultural change is required for an IoT solution. C-level
support and endorsement will be key to driving this
successfully through your organisation.
IT research firm, CIO12, says that many of the early
IoT installations were done outside the purview of
organisations’ information or operational technology units.
They liken the situation to the emergence of ‘shadow IT’
where business units implement IT resources (such as
cloud computing) to meet their immediate business
requirements, and without consulting the IT department.
With IoT too, such independence may cause issues later
on – for example, when you try to scale your solution
or align to other in-house systems to maximise the
opportunities of big data.
Even a cursory investigation into IoT applications is likely
to produce a significant number of potential projects,
so it’s essential to undertake a preliminary cost/benefit
analysis to prioritise these. For the initial projects,
ease of implementation should rate highly in the
assessment process.
It’s also important to consider your software and
application requirements. How easy will system integration
be? What resources will be required and can this need
be accommodated within your existing business?
How will this affect your current operations?
Any solution requires an application. Depending on
your needs and budget, this can possibly be purchased
‘off the shelf’ from one of the many vertical applications
currently available. Alternatively, it may need to be custom-
built to suit your precise need. These considerations
and options are made simpler if you engage a capable
IoT provider who can work with you to guide you through
these aspects of the decision-making process.
4.3
STEP 3: Choose the right technology
Your choice of technology will involve several key building
blocks. The foundation blocks need to look at what ‘things’ will
be connected – devices and assets such as radio modules,
sensors, gateways and smartphones. Then there is a layer
that includes access networks and subscription management
systems. You need to think about your requirements around
cellular, satellite, Wi-Fi, fixed broadband, Bluetooth, RFID
or NFC, ZigBee, or perhaps private radio.
On top of this is the layer that’s designed to make
the management of your connected services simple
and meaningful: this includes everything from device
management, to data management, data and visualisation.
In this layer, you’ll be able to define your requirements for
platform features, firmware, activation, storage, analytics,
alerts, query management and dashboard views.
4.3.1 Devices – sensors and microprocessors
Moving towards IoT involves a decision about the hardware
and devices you will connect to your access network, the
Internet and your backend servers or databases. These
devices may include end sensors, RF modules, gateways
and firmware. The cost of these IoT-enabled devices will
vary depending on the type of device chosen.
Overall, the cost of producing small sensors has fallen
by nearly 90 per cent in the past five years13, making it more
economically feasible to incorporate them into devices
(and thus to enable many new IoT solutions not previously
considered possible).
Device cost also has an impact on the type of connectivity
you choose. You may be happy with a low-cost option –
a 20 cent RFID sticker for tracking a carton, for example
– but a high-value piece of machinery may merit a
$100 Internet-connected GPS tracker.
We recommend that any IoT devices are tested and
certified to ensure optimised coverage and performance.
Fewer dropouts and stable device performance can make
all the difference to data feeds and the inherent value.
Prior to purchase, we suggest that devices are tested under
various conditions so you can be assured of a seamless
rollout. Are the devices futureproof? How can software
updates be effected with minimal ease and cost without
removing hardware. What technical support is available
if you find that your devices are not operating with optimal
efficiency? All of these factors are worthwhile discussing
to ensure that short and long term IoT solutions
are successful.
17
 4.0 K
 ey IoT considerations
(cont.)
4.3.2 The communication network – your critical link
“Unlike a mobile phone, an IoT device can’t
move to get the best reception so network
becomes even more important and more
critical... the network is pivotal to broad-
based, very secure, low latency solutions.”
Mark Chapman, Director of Business
and Enterprise Mobility, Telstra
The communication network is a vital component of any
IoT implementation, and there are many variations and
combinations of technologies available. Your final choice
will depend on your particular IoT implementation and your
business requirements. The key determining factors include:
• Device and solution availability;
• Scale;
• Level of mobility required;
• Aggregate bandwidth;
• Battery life.
Meshed Wi-Fi solutions are best suited to situations
where there is large-scale deployment, relatively low
mobility requirements or a large aggregate bandwidth
requirement. For example:
• Highway lighting control for a large municipality (lights
don’t move and the large number required means that
the infrastructure investment can be amortised over
a large number of end devices);
• Multiple video stream processing for public safety.
Cellular technology is more cost-effective in situations
where the deployment is highly mobile, small in scale or
has a distributed bandwidth requirement, for example light
control for a smaller city council, vehicle telematics, etc.
A single ‘long distance’ technology such as cellular can be
used to connect a large number of sensors and controllers.
Alternatively, a short-range wireless technology such
as Wi-Fi can be used to connect a number of local sensors
to a device that interfaces with a long distance network
such as cellular, another wireless technology or
fixed broadband.
18
An example of such a solution can be seen at the
construction company, Laing O’Rourke, which is in
the process of developing a smart hard hat for their
construction workers. The hard hat is fitted with sensors
in the headband and a short range ZigBee wireless
transceiver. It monitors the wearer’s pulse, temperature
and activity level, and the ambient temperature and
humidity. The company is looking to realise a number of
safety benefits, but its primary aim is the early detection
of heat stress, which is often at dangerous levels by the
time symptoms become evident. Data from all the hats
on a construction site is consolidated in a central unit
that communicates with a central monitoring station over
3G cellular networks.
As Nufarm, the global provider of agricultural services
commented in relation to farming applications: “The
network is absolutely critical to the solution and, given the
remote locations of our customers, we need to ensure that
whatever we deploy works. Having a lack of connectivity or
not being able to get devices on a network can be terminal.”
(Nufarm Limited, Global Business Manager Ag Tech
Solutions & Disruptive Technologies.)
The choice of technologies is ultimately determined by the
IoT application, but here are some general considerations:
• Spectrum for IoT networks: There are numerous options
to serve the future spectrum needs of IoT that are being
explored globally. In the short term, the most efficient
utilisation of spectrum involves integration of IoT needs
with that of higher bandwidth demand cellular services.
• Coverage: Determining what coverage you require from
your network is a key factor in the success of an IoT
solution. If the data cannot be transmitted because of
poor coverage, your project’s success is compromised.
Considerations to explore include:
– Does your solution require urban,
regional or rural coverage?
– Does it need indoor or outdoor coverage, or both?
– Will the devices within your solution be highly
mobile or fixed?
These coverage considerations will affect your
network requirements and your choice of provider.
Many customers choose Telstra for their M2M
and IoT solutions primarily for our extensive
and superior network.
• Cost: Communications can be a significant component
of the overall cost of an IoT implementation. Over the last
few years, the cost per byte of data on both fixed and
wireless networks has decreased. Hardware costs have
also reduced. One MB of data cost $1 in 2008 and is now
cents. As mentioned in the section on devices, hardware
costs have also reduced. These lower costs now make it
economical to connect a vast array of devices. So while
cost may have discouraged IoT adoption in the past,
it is now more realistic, making ROI more favourable.
• Battery life: Many IoT implementations require sensors
to be deployed in locations without mains power and with
limited access, so they may be required to operate for
long periods on battery power. Today’s cellular technology
is not optimised for such applications, but is evolving
to support communications with IoT devices that are
able to operate for up to 10 years on an AA battery.
The industry has already started rolling out Power Save
Mode across LTE and will deliver further improvements
throughout 2016 and 2017. Companies need to consider
a solution that incorporates the potential to remotely
monitor and manage devices in the field to ensure
an appropriate charge is available to the device.
Direct
narrowband
connection
Remote plant/process monitoring
Utility meters
Direct mobile
(or fixed)
broadband
connection
Personal communications
Automotive
3G 4G
Asset tracker
EFTPOS
Diagram: Depicts some IoT use case and suitable access types. There is often crossover between access types, even more so than depicted here.
• Latency: In many IoT implementations, information
provided by sensors is used to control equipment.
For example, there are now mines in the Pilbara where
iron ore is moved by remotely controlled trucks. In such
situations, the delay introduced by the communications
network can be significant. Older cellular networks
sometimes struggled to maintain low levels of latency
and performance. As network technology has improved,
the evolution of cellular technology from 3G to 4G
greatly reduced these delays. With 5G, presently under
development, they will be reduced even further. For some
deployments (such as remote temperature management
of non-perishable goods in transit), a 50-millisecond delay
in a mobile network is not critical. In other scenarios, such
as a high-volume, precision manufacturing environment,
50-milliseconds may result in significant quality or
process problems. Your organisation will need to consider
both the sensitivity of your IOT deployment to network
latency and the cellular network performance and
coverage as part of your planning process.
As IoT covers a huge range of markets, the most suitable
access network will vary depending on each application’s
latency, data rate, price, battery life, longevity, coverage
and quality of service requirements. Different technologies
offer different advantages for different applications.
Pet or property tracker
Packaging or logistics tracker
Short-range
link to
Wearable
technology
broadband hub
Security
sensors
Parking
meters
3G 4G
Fitness trackers
Video
security Remote controls
Health monitors
LAN/PAN
19
 4.0 K
 ey IoT considerations
(cont.)
Access Network Categories
Direct Broadband
Ideal for Need high data throughput,
services that high reliability or high mobility
Key advantages Performance and mobility
Examples 3G, 4G Cat. 1 and Cat. M, WiMax
Note: These categories are contextualised throughout the paper
At a high level, access networks for IoT can be considered
to fall into three broad categories, where specific IoT
applications may be suited to one or more of these:
1. Direct mobile (or fixed) broadband connection
2. Short-range link to broadband hub
3. Direct narrowband connection – low power
Wide Area Networks (LPWAN)
Note that there is significant overlap between these three
identified segments. For instance, utility meters may be
well served by a cellular wireless broadband connection
if power is available, and if there is a requirement to provide
near real-time pricing information as a premium service.
However, in the case of more modest requirements,
the meter could instead report summary information
back on a daily basis. In this case, a LPWAN device that
can be deployed for 10 years – regardless of local power
availability and at very low cost – is an alternative.
These three categories continue to evolve as new features
and capabilities are added.
20
Short-range to
Direct Narrowband
Broadband Hub
Will always be near to other Don’t need high throughput
connected devices or low latency
Performance and battery life Mobility and battery life
Wi-Fi, ZigBee, Bluetooth 4G NB-IoT, SIGFOX, LoRaWAN
4.3.2.1 Direct mobile (or fixed) broadband connection
IoT devices in this category will connect directly to wired or
wireless networks via a high performance, high bandwidth
link. Current 3G/4G cellular devices are captured in this
segment (e.g. smartphones, EFTPOS terminals, connected
car systems). This segment is typified by an ability to cope
with battery life measured only in hours or by devices wired
directly to a power source (e.g. automotive car battery or
240V power supply).
Applications in this category typically have a strong
performance requirement (low delay, high throughput,
high reliability) and are at higher price points. Telstra
services this market today with its existing fixed network
and cellular networks.
Telstra LANES® enterprise allows large enterprise
customers access to a dedicated partition of LTE spectrum
that can connect to Telstra’s public LTE network. This can
allow organisations access to a dedicated network capacity
in nominated areas. Outside those areas, Telstra LANES®
enterprise customers can receive preferential data
treatment on Telstra’s public LTE network, where LTE
is enabled, above consumers. This can provide organisations
with the network capacity they need to help meet their
business needs.
Cellular (3G, 4G LTE, 5G)
Cellular technology is primarily used to support IoT
solutions requiring direct broadband connectivity.
It offers high data rates (faster than 1MB per second),
is suitable for video streaming and offers high mobility,
which means the devices can be mobile (on road transport
container/connected car); however, it’s also rapidly
evolving to be more suitable for low power, low cost,
long battery life applications.
Cellular technology has many advantages:

• It is globally standardised, which helps to reduce

the cost of devices.

• Cellular uses dedicated, licensed spectrum, which

an operator can completely control and manage to fairly
share the spectrum resource between users. Unlicensed
spectrum allows any device to use the spectrum and
there is much less control of interference and capacity
management, which degrades the performance
experience, especially in congested areas.

• Australia is well covered by cellular networks with

Telstra’s reaching over 99.3 per cent of the Australian
population and covering a land area of 2.4M square
kilometres. Our 4G coverage already reaches 98 per cent
of the Australian population and will reach 99 per cent
by end of June 2017.

• Cellular networks are highly secure; all communication

is encrypted.

For all its advantages, cellular technology does have some

challenges that are being addressed:

• Cellular cannot always provide universal coverage for

IoT applications in industries like mining, agriculture
and long-distance transport that require coverage in
very remote areas. However devices and connectivity
that trades off data rates for power usage also increases
the coverage that Cat-M and NB-IoT will be able to work
in. For Cat-M we expect this to extend the range of our
LTE base stations by up to four. For NB-IoT the coverage
extension will be by a factor of up to five.

• In-building coverage can be problematic where sensors/
actuators are located deep within buildings; for example,
for water or electricity meters. Telstra WCDMA 850
and LTE 700 penetrates deeper into buildings and also
improves rural coverage. Additionally, standards bodies
are working on a new technology referred to as
Narrowband IoT (NB-IoT) to enhanced coverage for
devices that do not need fast data speeds. As they
also extend the coverage range, this will also improve
in-building penetration. Telstra expect to deploy this
technology in November 2016.
• Terminal devices for cellular networks are complex
and therefore costly. This will change with the introduction
of new technologies in 2016 and 2017. NB-IoT has been
designed to significantly reduce device complexity
and therefore price point. It’s important to note that
production scale has a greater impact on device price
point so it’s essential to minimise fragmentation in
IoT solutions as much as possible.
• Power requirements for terminals are high, making
today’s cellular technologies unsuitable for applications
that require terminals to operate on battery power
for long periods. New 3GPP network functionality will
massively increase device battery life (more than
10 years, depending on activity/application type).
Satellite
The great advantage of satellite for IoT is that one network
can be used to communicate with static or mobile devices
almost anywhere in the world. The disadvantage is that the
antenna on the remote device must have direct line of sight
communication to the satellite(s). There can also be issues
in cities where tall buildings shadow the sensors. Satellite
solutions also tend to be power intensive and expensive,
making them unsuitable for many smaller IoT solutions.
Lastly, satellite solutions can have a high latency, which
can be an issue for some IoT applications.

21
 4.0 K
 ey IoT considerations
(cont.)
4.3.2.2 Short-range link to broadband hub
Another connectivity category is defined by IoT devices
that leverage ‘nearby’, broadband-connected gateways
to obtain a mix of reasonable battery life and moderate
performance. Examples of this in the market today are
wearable devices that use Bluetooth/Wi-Fi to connect
to a cellular smartphone (acting as the gateway) or devices
using Wi-Fi or ZigBee to connect consumer whitegoods
and appliances to Internet-connected ADSL/Cable/NBN
gateways. This category also includes mesh networks such
as those used in smart metering projects. Devices using
these types of access networks may be able to leverage
moderate data speeds to provide rich user interfaces or
audio streaming and will be able to provide relatively near
real-time transactions. Devices may also have a reduced
cost due to lower modem complexity and transmit range;
shorter ranges will typically translate to improved battery
life compared with a direct broadband connection.
Wi-Fi
Wi-Fi is a low latency, broadband, short range (10 to
100 metre) wireless local area network (WLAN) technology.
It follows the global IEEE 802.11 standard with equipment
certified by the Wi-Fi Alliance. Wi-Fi has become one of
the most pervasive networking technologies in history
and is used in homes, businesses, factories, smartphones,
tablets, computers, whitegoods and numerous consumer
electronic devices. Wi-Fi uses a contention-based
algorithm to access unlicensed spectrum in the 2.4GHz
and 5GHz bands.
22
This enables low-cost deployments but performance
can be impaired by uncoordinated interference from
other users’ devices and gateways.
There are several versions of Wi-Fi with different
throughput and mobility capabilities. One of the latest
versions of Wi-Fi is 802.11ah (also called Wi-Fi HaLow)
which is designed to better support the Internet of Things.
It is expected to be standardised in 2016 with common
availability of devices by 2018. Wi-Fi HaLow is expected
to double the coverage of existing Wi-Fi solutions and,
in some instances, reach 1 kilometre.
IEEE 802.15.4 (technology – ZigBee, WirelessHART,
6 LoWPAN)
Most mesh-based approaches in the market today are
based on IEEE 802.15.4, and can generally be classed as
narrowband links to a broadband hub. While not meeting
many of the LPWAN attributes, this technology is worthy
of comparison because it is already a widely deployed IoT
technology and represents an alternative to using LPWAN
networks, albeit with some limitations.
The 802.15.4 standard only defines the physical layer
and media access control layers: for instance, it does
not enable IP connectivity between end points without
the implementation of additional layers. Higher layer
stacks built on 802.15.4 include:
• ZigBee Alliance Platform, typically used in short range
applications or where mesh networking is required;
• WirelessHART, typically used in industrial control
and process automation applications;
• IETF 6LoWPAN, which enables direct IPv6 transport
over 802.15.4, providing IP-based routing/meshing
for applications.
This list is not exhaustive, and there is also a range
of proprietary network technology stacks used with
802.15.4, especially for closed ecosystem deployments.
Furthermore, there are a number of variations on the base
standard (802.15.4a/c/d/e/g, etc.) for various applications.
For instance, Wi-SUN Alliance promotes the use of
802.15.4g for smart metering applications.
In some ways, this ecosystem fragmentation has slowed
widespread deployment of 802.15.4. Although the base
standard has existed since 2003, with an update in 2006,
there has been no clear cut choice of higher layer stacks
to pair it with.
4.3.2.3 Direct Narrowband Connection – Low Power Wide
Area Networks (LPWAN)
Applications and devices using this type of connectivity
are typically intended to be installed for a long period
of time (years to decades) and so are extremely sensitive
to battery life. However, they are generally not sensitive
to performance and instead require regular but low-speed
communication, ranging from hourly intervals to daily or
even longer. In addition to lower throughput performance
requirements, these devices typically do not require
real-time interaction and may tolerate latency delays
of hours. These devices are expected to be at a borderline
‘throwaway’ price point, to be cheaply and easily embedded
in any device. Devices in this segment are also likely mobile,
or installed in ‘unplanned’ locations, such as basements or
deep inside warehouses. Recently, several new companies
have gained a lot of attention as they have pushed their
LPWAN technologies to serve IoT applications.
Advantages of NB-IoT
• Good support for low data rate devices;
• Good in-building coverage;
• Support for devices with very long battery life;
• Wide area coverage at low power;
• Low cost chipsets;
• Low power base stations can be deployed by customers.
Disadvantages include:
• Some LPWAN technologies are controlled by start-up
ventures whose futures are uncertain;
• LPWANs that do not use licensed spectrum will always
run the risk of being affected by interference from other
spectrum users;
• Requires deployment and ongoing management of
dedicated radio infrastructure rather than making use
of existing cellular network coverage. This may include
the capital intensive task of building new towers,
huts and backhaul equipment over time to provide
a coverage footprint;
• Many non-3GPP LPWAN technology ecosystems
are still at an early stage of development and are yet
to (and may never) reach the large economies of scale
provided by the 3GPP compliant technologies;
• Several proprietary LPWAN technologies have one
or few suppliers, creating a lock-in risk;
• Sunk investment in technology that will not meet
business needs long term;

LPWAN (Low Powered Wide Area Network) is a generic • Cost of migrating or redeploying to new technology
term covering a number of new wireless technologies in future. With IoT there are potentially large numbers
developed specifically to serve IoT scenarios needing wide of devices so moving down a technology dead end could
area coverage. While NB-IoT is a form of LPWAN, a number prove very costly.
of LPWAN offerings are fully proprietary. Some such as
LoRa and SIGFOX have the backing of multiple technology
companies that have formed their own standards groups;
however, it is still early days and many are yet to build
ecosystems. Some require dedicated licensed spectrum.
Others operate in shared bands. It is worth noting
that NB-IoT (standardised by 3GPP – 3Rd Generation
Partnership Project) is backed by the global scale
of the cellular mobility industry and is likely to develop
efficiencies of scale and technology certainty unmatched
by other options.

23
 4.0 K
 ey IoT considerations
(cont.)

The evolution of cellular technology for LPWAN (4G LTE Cat. M and NB-IoT)
Cellular Technology Roadmap – 4G Device Types

Today Future

0.2 Mbps download

Parking meter
1Mbps download monitoring, gas & water
10Mbps Pump control, metering, water leak
150Mbps download business or home fuel detection; pallet asset
download Remote video tanks, vehicle telematics, tracking, street lighting,
Connected car surveillance container tracking agriculture
video surveillance Cat. 1 Cat. M NB-IoT
Cat. 4

Connected device volumes

Expensive Inexpensive

High speed Low required speed

Source: Telstra Propriety

To better support IoT applications, 3GPP is extending
the LTE standard (4G) by introducing new capabilities
to optimise it for IoT applications. Work is underway
on 4G LTE variants for IoT, known as Category 1,
Category M and NB-IoT devices.
The naming convention for these devices may also show
Category M1 which is interchangeable to Category M,
and Category M2 which is the same as NB-IoT.
Features in these devices focus on reducing complexity
(thus modem cost) and extending battery life through the
use of a new power savings mode. Category M and NB-IoT
devices will also extend battery life and reduce cost,
but they will also improve device coverage by supporting
a lower data rate. We expect Category 1 devices to become
commercially available in Australia around the end of 2016.
These will be suitable for many IoT applications such as
utility networks, alarm monitoring, video surveillance, etc.
3GPP are also working to extend the LTE standard to
support low capacity IoT devices operating on batteries
for up to 10 years without recharge.
By end June 2017, Telstra’s LTE network will cover 99 per
cent of the population and will support specialised IoT
category devices. This network already supports Category
1 devices and we will introduce Category M and NB-IoT
capability by the end of 2016. Beyond 4G enhancements
and NB-IoT, requirements for IoT will be incorporated into
new 5G cellular standards from the outset.
Category M devices will support up to four times coverage
improvement, while NB-IoT will increase coverage by
up to a factor of five.

24
As of the start of 2016, products supporting these
enhancements to LTE are not presently available in
Preparing your business for the 2G/GSM
Australia. A number of cellular network operators around
network shut down
the world are rolling out large-scale, low powered wide
area networks (LPWAN – see below) to meet immediate
• Many major telecommunication companies
requirements for IoT connectivity and counter competition
around the world (including Australia) will
from newcomers operating LPWAN networks. Category 1,
be switching off their 2G networks very soon.
Category M and NB-IoT devices will be coming into the
After over 20 years of continuous operation,
market around the end of 2016 with the device range
Telstra has publicly announced that we will
being broadened in 2017.
be switching off our 2G network on the
1st December 2016.
4.3.3 Application and platform considerations
• As Telstra’s 4G coverage grows, the idea of
While devices and networks are important, your
leapfrogging 3G altogether and going with a pure
IoT solution will not be complete without a properly
4G/LTE only solution or a solution that is 4G/LTE
implemented application and IoT platform infrastructure.
with 3G fall back is recommended as the most
Below we list some key areas we advise customers to
sensible path for a majority of solution providers
review when it comes to implementing IoT applications
upgrading from 2G.
and platforms.
• While 4G LTE modules are currently more
4.3.3.1 Security
expensive than 3G only modules, a move direct
to 4G (Cat. 4 and Cat. 3) LTE provides the
Security is always of paramount concern in any network.
certainty of a longer module lifetime and
IoT has the scope to connect a significant number of
prepares you to leverage the new lower cost
potentially vulnerable devices to your network so it is
Cat. 1 and Cat. M modules when they become
imperative to consider network security, data security
available with many module suppliers using
and the security of your end points.
compatible footprints.
Concern with security is widely seen as the number one
• Telstra supplies a list of Telstra certified devices
issue holding back IoT. This apprehension is often focused
and modules.
on IoT comprising of no-compute and low-compute
devices that do not have the computing power, storage
or memory to be able to run traditional mechanisms to
secure the device (such as firewalls, intrusion prevention
systems and encryption keys). It is for this reason that
security has topped the list of factors most important
to IoT considerations in the Tech Research Asia survey10.

What is seen to set IoT apart is the vulnerability of the

devices. The sheer volume and variety of devices will
increase the number of potential avenues for unauthorised
network access. As well, the demand for large volumes
of devices will drive down costs and security features
are likely to be minimal. For all IoT initiatives and network
deployments, it is important to consider device certification
and management as part of the solution capability.

While the concerns are real, the problems are not insoluble.
A report from Security Newsdesk14 (Security Newsdesk,
2015) notes: “The Internet of Things can be secured. The
technology exists to build a robust, secure, effective and
powerful IoT. Digital signatures for software and systems,
encrypted communications and storage, robust
authentication, secure software development practices
– the tools are available for everyone to use.”

25
 4.0 K
 ey IoT considerations
(cont.)
However, many IoT implementations are insecure.
With the pressure to achieve a short time to market,
the devices not having the computing capability to support
a security stack, a rich set of features, and greatest ease
of use, security may take a back seat.
Security Newsdesk suggests several ways to ensure an
IoT implementation is secure, starting with “Make security
part of your requirements – and part of your purchase
decision. Do not purchase systems or components unless
they include robust security. If buyers make security
a requirement – a real requirement, not a goal that can
be over-ridden – IoT suppliers will deliver secure products.”
As more and more devices connect to the Internet
(Internet of Things), there has been a need to provide
a security mechanism to protect these devices from
attack. One of the biggest issues with IoT is that often
these devices have very low compute capacity to be able
to store or run security protection programs (e.g. firewalls,
IPS, etc.) and/or encryption.
A potential solution to the IoT security problem is to use
blockchain technologies. What is blockchain? A blockchain
is a distributed ledger (or database) of digital information
that is shared between different parties, that cannot be
deleted. It is a chain of blocks (or data). Each block contains
a hash of the previous block (from the originating block
which would hash the data source) to the current block.
Because you are hashing the previous block, it keeps
chronology, chain of custody and security of the data
and publishes it to all nodes (also known as consensus).
26
The use of blockchain technologies to provide
cryptographic data integrity means that security can
be applied to low compute devices (IoT) because the
hash is very small (compared to trying to store traditional
certificates or security programs); is not susceptible to key
related attacks (e.g. quantum computing attacks against
key length, rolling back system time attacks, etc.) and is
not reliant on the transmission method for security (the
blockchain verifies against tampering, not the network).
Telstra is investigating the use of blockchain technologies
against a number of use cases including Connected Home
and Connected Car among others.
4.3.3.2 Scalability
Scalability has a number of dimensions that organisations
should consider:
• If devices are widely distributed, what provisions are
in place for their installation and for any hands-on
maintenance required?
• If there are many devices producing large volumes of
data, are the communications resources and processing
resources adequate?
• Does the technology enable a very large network
of many devices to be managed without administration
being overloaded by information?
• What is the future roadmap for the IoT platform, the
network technologies that provide the connectivity (such
as 5G) and the management and analytics capabilities?
4.3.3.3 Openness
Openness is a critical factor for organisations to assess.
The very nature of IoT suggests an ever-growing range of
devices, services and platforms is interconnected to drive
value for the business. In this environment, being locked-in
to a vendor’s proprietary and closed solution can retard the
effectiveness and longer-term viability of your company’s
IoT solution. Far better to have freedom of choice with
your devices, technology and partners so you can extract
maximum value over the lifetime of your IoT initiatives.
4.3.3.4 Connectivity management
Connectivity management platforms of an IoT solution
typically look after connectivity authentication and access
network billing. Traditionally, these platforms were only
accessible via the network provider. New platforms now
allow customers direct access and visibility, allowing
them to activate and enable their devices as required.
It is worthwhile exploring what options are available.
Some connectivity management providers have built their
own connectivity management platforms while others
have partnered with specialist providers who service
many telecommunication companies across the world
to provide this functionality. Telstra has a successful
five-year partnership with Jasper, a global platform
provider in this area to fulfil customers’ requirements
for subscription management.
Key questions you should ask about a connectivity
management platform include:
• What self-service tools for SIM provisioning
are available?
• What usage controls are available?
• Does it offer the ability to set business rules and alerts?
• Do you require visibility of the data that the
SIMs are using?
We recommend you choose a credible partner in this space
that can offer proven capability and customer testimonials.
You’ll also want ease of use, ongoing upgrades and
different user access layers. This key component
of your solution will help you and/or your customers
to drive efficiency and deploy faster.
4.3.3.5 Application Enablement Platforms
The IoT Application Enablement Platform (AEP) is a layer
that simplifies implementing and developing IoT solutions.
The core value proposition of these AEP platforms is to
ease messaging, device management and data collection
activities of any IoT solution. Instead of your company
having to waste time and effort building many features,
these IoT enablement platforms provide ready-made
software tools and services that are able to scale to
the needs of millions of devices.
We recommend a platform that allows application
independence from the access network and/or device.
This speeds up application development and deployment,
and also prevents vendor lock-in if you ever want to swap
out the device or application. Some considerations
may include:
• Does the platform work across multiple access
network technologies?
• Can you remotely update device firmware?
• Can you set device thresholds and alerts?
• Does the platform provide open RESTful APIs
(representational state application programming
interfaces) whereby software components capabilities
and assets inside the enterprise can be easily combined
with assets and capabilities outside the organisation
to maximise integration and scalability?
For simplicity, we believe it is easier to have both
the subscription management and service platform
with the same provider. As evidence of commitment
to this approach, Telstra has entered into an exclusive
partnership with Cumulocity and will launch the Telstra
IoT platform for the purposes of application development
and device management.
4.3.3.6 Reliability
This is an important consideration for any mission critical
solution such as those deployed by emergency services,
but is also crucial for others (connected traffic lights,
lone worker, etc.) Ask yourself:
• Does your solution require high message integrity
(quality of service) in terms of delivery?
• Is delivery critical (e.g. smoke alarm)?
27
 4.0 K
 ey IoT considerations
(cont.)
4.3.3.7 Data aggregation capability
velocity/volume/variety
IoT will invariably result in large amounts of data. It’s
important to understand upfront how this data can be
used to help you drive efficiency, improve the service you
offer or reduce costs. Data management, data governance,
storage and quality are all worthy considerations. There are
service platforms available for the primary purpose of
Big Data Analytics, so you can improve decision-making,
operational efficiency and the customer experience.
Big Data service platforms allow you to bring the
acquired data together, manage the data and analyse it.
Key considerations include:
• Do you outsource this aspect to a third party
(and use cloud storage) or opt for self-management?
• How secure does your data need to be (in flight
and at rest)?
• What volume of data can you expect?
• How quickly is the data arriving (velocity)? (This may
be one device sending lots of data, or many devices
sending small amounts)
• What are the different types of data you will be
transmitting? Will it be simple numbers or blocks
of content? Data comes from various different sources
and sensors and needs to be managed appropriately
to drive benefit.
4.3.3.8 Data and analytics, and data visualisation
The Internet of Things can provide business benefits
through analysis of the data that a network of sensors
provides, as opposed to responding to specific data.
Pivotal argues that IoT is introducing new realities in terms
of how data is created and used, and how organisations
can harness these opportunities for innovation. The three
key facts include:
• IoT data is distributed – the nature of connected devices
puts data creation on numerous systems;
• IoT data sets will grow – as more sensors are deployed
and more data is created, IoT data usage will change;
• Use cases for IoT are just beginning to emerge
and will evolve.
28
Pivotal says: “As sensors connect more devices, the
importance of gaining near real-time views of IoT data
may equal the imperative to collect data for longer-term
analysis, trend detection and predictive modelling.”
On a decision-making front, consideration needs to be
given to the need for near real-time processing. What
decisions do you plan to make, based on the data coming
through? Will the data be used for historical analysis or
do you need to change a process in real-time as the data
arrives? Near real-time data capability and the power
of the data is the essence of IoT disruption.
“Nufarm has a major focus on innovation, particularly
in terms of delivery. Historically, that has been around
formulation and packaging innovation but IoT and Big
Data is now a natural progression. Big Data in agriculture
is cutting edge. Nufarm wants to remain progressive to
our customers and it will allow us to give our customers
a competitive advantage in terms of providing farmers
the yield, efficiency and ability to be more profitable in a
competitive global market. If we don’t innovate, we lose our
competitive advantage.” Nufarm Limited, Global Business
Manager Ag Tech Solutions & Disruptive Technologies.
Cisco Systems Inc. says that the greatest value from IoT
will be realised by those who focus on improving their data
capabilities (integration, automation and analysis) and
overall process agility – not those who simply connect
the most devices to the network – and that there is
widespread understanding of the importance of data
in IoT implementations.
Cisco15 reports the results of a survey (Cisco, 2014) of 1,230
executives from around the globe. When asked: “Which
areas do you need to improve the most to make effective
use of IoT solutions?” making better use of data was ranked
highest, by 40 per cent of respondents. ‘Process’ was
ranked second (27 per cent), ‘people’ third, and ‘things’
last (13 per cent).
“Data is at the heart of IoT. The key is
taking the data, often in unprecedented
volumes for a business, and using the
analytics and insights to think and act
differently about an operation. It’s exciting.
It will change the playing field for business
owners across this country.”
Dr Hugh Bradlow, Chief Scientist, Telstra
4.3.3.9 Developer capability
Another consideration when looking at IoT applications
and platforms is the developer skillset required to
both implement and maintain them. An off-the-shelf,
end-to-end IoT solution is likely to require little in developer
resources, while developing a solution from scratch or
customising a solution from IoT technology components
will require either internal or external developer resources.
Secondly, where developers are required, do they have
the necessary knowledge and skillset for the selected IoT
platforms and technologies being used in the solution?
At a high level, good questions to ask in this space are:
• Are you going to purchase an existing IoT solution?
• Are you going to build your own solution or customise
an existing IoT solution?
• Do you have developer capabilities to suitably resource
and execute? Alternatively, are you going to outsource
someone else to build your solution?
• Once built, do you have the necessary skillset in your
organisation to run and maintain the IoT solution?
Factors affecting these decisions include:
time to implement, cost, resourcing and project
management skills.
29
 4.0 K
 ey IoT considerations
(cont.)

4.4 4.5
STEP 4: Define the right operating model STEP 5: Selecting the right partner

The most suitable operating model for your business From both a design and implementation perspective,
needs to take five key questions into consideration: IoT solutions can be complex and require considerable
thought and effort from an organisation. We would
1. How will devices and assets be managed in the short recommend that businesses look to third parties and
and longer term? Do you have the resources and capability work with them to identify, define and construct a solution
to take this on? What platforms and partnerships are and determine what development platform is most
available to make this step easy and keep your core suitable. The third party should be able to demonstrate:
business needs at heart? Will the platforms available
be suitable for your business requirements? • A proven capability and cross vertical expertise in all areas
of IoT design, deployment and ongoing management;
2. How will your field services be managed? From time
to time, sensors or connected devices may require repair • A partner ecosystem that aligns with your corporate
or some level of maintenance. It is worth considering goals and strategic direction;
if this aspect of IoT is feasible and realistic under your
current business model. Alternatively, what options • A genuine commitment to your end goal and objectives;
are available to outsource this function as part of
a premium business proposition? • A proven history in the field e.g. a long history of
participation in the field of telematics, M2M and IoT;
3. What analytics and data services are available to help
you manage your IoT solution? The volume of data can • A demonstrable commitment to the ongoing evolution of IoT
be significant and making it relevant to your business infrastructure and development – devices, networks, etc.;
decisions is key. What are your requirements for secure
storage of the data? What support if any, will you require • A vision beyond the cellular aspect of IoT;
around data analytics? Data analytics can range
from basic visualisation to complex frameworks where • An open approach to collaboration and shared goals.
multiple data sources and large volumes of data are
collected. If it’s worth collecting, it’s worthwhile using
it to reach your end goal.
Navigating IoT Transformation
4. What level of data and network security is required for
your IoT solution? Whether it’s your business data or your
customers’ data, data security is key. Any compromise
on data security can ultimately jeopardise your brand SIM, device and
asset management
and customer experience. (See also section 4.3.3.1.)
Platform ROI
scalability, metrics
5. Do the applications available to you meet industry openness,
reliability
best practice? Any applications should be assessed
C-level Data
to make sure they are suitable in the short and endorsement management,
and strategic storage,
long term. Are they capable of being developed alignment Improve your Differentiate analytics and
visualisation
customers’ from the
to accommodate additional business needs? experience competition
(optional)

Do they offer scalability, open APIs, and do they

allow for easy integration of a large range of devices?
Increase business Reduce
Define efficiency and costs Select
Once an IoT project has been identified, choices need to be customisation productivity technology
and partner – network,
made as to the appropriate technologies and partnerships. engagement
requirements
platform,
device
At one extreme, a completely bespoke solution could be
created by assembling the sensor/activation technologies, Define and Assess
agree resources and
the software and the communications services. At the business
Determine application,
capability
problem
other extreme, the entire project could be outsourced connectivity and data
management requirements
to a turnkey solution provider. This will depend on your
resources, skills, funding, timeframe constraints and goals.

30
5.0 Conclusion

We hope the examples we’ve provided have sparked

some ideas as to how you can apply IoT to your business.

We recommend following five key steps when planning

an IoT implementation:

1. An internal review of your business issues and

opportunities to identify which problems can be solved
with an IoT solution. IoT solutions can help improve
the efficiency of your business operations, reduce asset
or device maintenance costs, minimise equipment
failures and improve asset efficiency. IoT can also help
you engage more deeply with your customers and
differentiate your business offering from competitors.

2. As well as identifying the right business problem,

it’s important to develop the right business model.
This includes seeking cross company engagement
and alignment with key stakeholders, working with an
agile business model to accommodate ongoing business
changes and align with your corporate strategy (both
short and long term). Provided the project delivers
on ROI, executive endorsement increases the likelihood
of project sustainability.
3. The next step is to assess the various technology
options and work out which best suits your needs.
You will need to consider and decide upon a number
of key elements:
a. Device type(s).
b. Technology considerations such as coverage, cost,
battery life and latency.
c. Access network options, ranging from direct mobile
broadband to direct narrowband.
d. Application and platform considerations should
include a review of data aggregation capability,
scalability, openness, reliability, and data analytics
and visualisation options.
5. While these decisions may seem complex, they are
made easier with a suitably qualified and experienced
IoT solution provider at your side. There is no ‘one
size fits all’ option and selecting the right IoT partner
can make all the difference between smooth sailing
and a daily headache. Our experience is that leading
IoT experts skilled in implementation and project
management will make your transition to a ‘smarter’
business more seamless.
Whether you are just starting an IoT journey or looking
to scale and diversify an existing solution, Telstra is well
placed to help. We offer connectivity on Australia’s best
networks; enterprise-grade security for your peace of
mind; a world leading partner and technology ecosystem
to bring you the best solutions; and a world class
‘one Telstra experience’ product suite supported by
end-to-end design, execution, implementation services.

4. Security is key from both a data and network
perspective. It’s important to ensure that the solution
is developed with the right operating model in mind,
and considers ongoing device and asset management,
field support for device repair and maintenance, data
storage, analytics and management, and the use of
leading edge applications. Getting the fundamentals
right from the outset is critical as IoT solutions normally
start on a smaller scale and grow as success
is demonstrated.
Now’s the time to start planning, innovating and disrupting.
Make the first step today and contact your dedicated
Telstra Account Executive for everything IoT.
For more IoT related white papers, please go to:
https://www.telstra.com.au/business-enterprise/
solutions/machine-to-machine

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 6.0 Appendix
6.1 Why Telstra?
Telstra’s team is passionate about helping organisations
implement IoT solutions that address specific needs and
allow businesses to thrive.
Our end-to-end IoT capability offers:
1. Multi-network access across a wide range of
technology options
With Telstra, you benefit from connectivity on Australia’s
best mobile network. Our unsurpassed mobile network
coverage is married with a robust security model that
ensures your IoT solution is always connected.
• We offer a range of connectivity options including
cellular (3G/4G), Wi-Fi, satellite and fixed line options
such as NBN and ADSL.
32
• The Telstra Mobile Network is the largest mobile network
in Australia covering more than 2.4M square kilometres
(more than 31 per cent of the Australian land area
is covered) and over 99.3 per cent of the Australian
population, NB-IoT will extend this further, increasing
the range of our base stations by up to five times,
and also allowing deeper access within buildings.
• 4G Coverage: Telstra offers the largest 4G coverage area
of any mobile network, reaching 98 per cent of the
Australian population. Telstra has more than 6,000
4G-enabled sites offering 4G speeds in all the capital
CBDs, many suburban areas and over 600 regional towns
across Australia today. This coverage area is set to
increase considerably as we roll out NB-IoT in the later
part of 2016.
One key advantage is our ability to be network agnostic –
we can provide expert advice on which network or
combination of networks is best for your application.
2. Security and peace of mind
Security is of paramount concern in any network. IoT has
the potential to connect a significant number of potentially
vulnerable devices to your network, so network and data
security is usually a priority. Telstra offers you peace of
mind across the following areas:
• Telstra is leading IoT security in evaluating data integrity
and chain of custody using blockchain technology.
So far, the testing has shown the ability to sign a
configuration and prevent tampering.
• All external entry points into the Telstra Mobile Network
are firewalled and Telstra’s IP Wireless products are
certified to ISO27001:2005 standards. Surveillance
audits are completed every six months.
• Physical access to exchange equipment is via electronic
cards progressively needed throughout the exchange.
Telstra recommends that customers use a VPN client
that encrypts any sensitive data transmitted across
our networks for additional security.
– Telstra continually monitors and reviews potential
network security threats to ensure the privacy of
our customers is protected at all times.
• Telstra is investigating in-home security technologies
to ensure that the home network connected to a
Telstra service is secured (relevant to business with
the convergence of IoT solutions across home,
personal and enterprise).
“Telstra offers a variety of
connectivity options so the solution
can be tailored to the needs of
each business. We have a range of
partners to facilitate the IoT scope,
build and implementation. We have
every capability in the technology
stack necessary to build a solution
that will work for each business
to drive the outcomes they want
to see.”
Dr Hugh Bradlow,
Chief Scientist, Telstra
3. Holistic ecosystem delivers a seamless IoT experience
We offer a world leading partner and technology
ecosystem to bring you the best solutions and a seamless
‘one Telstra’ experience.
• We have almost a decade’s experience in providing M2M
services to our customers, with over 1 million services.
• A valuable five-year partnership with Jasper for SIM
management of connected services.
• We have recently signed an exclusive 2-year agreement
with Cumulocity to deliver a Telstra IoT platform for
application development and device management.
• Winner of the Frost and Sullivan Asia Pacific M2M
Service Provider of the Year award in 2014 and 2016
(Best Practices Award) for our extensive product
portfolio, ability to offer innovative solutions and
outstanding M2M performance.
• Our experience of international markets and technology
partners means Telstra can bring you the most effective
combination for your IoT solution.
33
 6.0 Appendix
4. Proven experience in end-to end design, execution
and implementation
For telematics and fleet management applications, we’ve
partnered with suppliers to deliver solutions that can track
vehicles and products, estimate arrival times, and provide
wireless time and date stamping, with near real-time
visibility of vehicles via GPS satellites and the Telstra
Mobile Network.
You also gain access to Telstra’s dedicated IoT team who,
in turn, can give you access to equipment manufacturers
and application developers.
Through the Telstra Mobility Partner program, we’ve
teamed with leading suppliers of IoT hardware and systems
integrators to enable us to provide you with an IoT solution
that minimises the number of stakeholders you need to deal
with, and reduces complexities and integration challenges.
“Telstra has demonstrated a high
level of commitment, and passion,
to the project through the provision
of expert advice and access to its
consultants to assist in scoping and
development. I’ve not worked with
a third party (Telstra) to such a great
degree like this before.”
Director of Governance & Strategy,
City of Joondalup
34
5. In-house depth and breadth of experience to ensure
your needs are met
At Telstra we have the expertise to help you design, build
and deploy an IoT solution. Telstra has industry leading,
professional capabilities that can make your IoT journey
a smooth and productive one:
• We provide a wide range of connectivity options to
allow you to choose the most appropriate combination
to connect to your IoT service and the cloud.
• We understand the importance of not being locked-in
to a specific vendor or technology capability, which is
why we strive to have open, flexible solutions to ensure
your IoT capability can always keep you innovative,
even as the market evolves.
• We have a range of partnerships to meet all your
IoT needs: Jasper for SIM management platform,
Cumulocity for IoT platform capability (current
exclusivity in Australian market) and Pivotal
for big data solutions.
• We have proven capability in sourcing key strategic
partnerships globally and bringing best-of-breed
partners to solution design and implementation.
We offer consultancy services that can identify where
and how IoT solutions can be used to address your
business needs and aspirations. Our understanding and
experience with the critical IoT technologies (including
devices, security, wireless networks, cloud and big data)
combines perfectly with our consultancy services to assist
you to automate and streamline your business operations,
help drive business efficiencies through near real-time
connectivity and bring a ‘smarter’ focus to you, your
business and your customers. We start with a discovery
session where we look with the fresh eyes of outsiders
at your operations and make recommendations on how
your business can incorporate the latest IoT technology.
We can then facilitate deployment, from concept to rollout,
hardware provision and application management, solution
partners and experience spanning over 10 years in proven
M2M capability.
6. In-depth testing and device certification
Telstra performs in-depth testing on all cellular devices
that we sell. You can be confident that our IoT devices
will work under various conditions because of our
comprehensive test scope including lab and real-life
scenarios in the live network.
We also provide accreditation for qualified devices that
meet Telstra standards. If the device works properly on
Telstra’s network, you can be assured of an exceptional
user experience. Your business can operate smoothly
with fewer dropouts and more stable device performance.
You can also enjoy the following benefits from a Telstra
certified device:
• Devices are able to have an effortless software update
with no need to pull hardware from the field;
• Better ROI on the devices, with Telstra working hard
to ensure optimal efficiency, performance and battery
life when operated on the Telstra network.
Note: We do not currently offer IoT devices. Testing and
certification is work in progress. We anticipate that IoT
devices will be available for purchase from Telstra in
the later part of 2016 or early 2017.
35
 7.0 References

1. http://www.dpdhl.com/content/dam/dpdhl/presse/pdf/2015/DHLTrendReport_Internet_of_things.pdf
A collaborative report by DHL and Cisco on implications and use cases for the logistics industry, 2015 Pg.8

2. Formerly available at: http://www.comqi.com/internet-things-reinventing-retail/

How the Internet of Things is Reinventing Retail; Position Paper, July 2015

3. http://www.philips.com/a-w/innovationmatters/blog/how-the-internet-of-things-is-revolutionizing-healthcare.html
Homepage: Innovation that matters to you

4. McKinsey & Co. (2015, June). Insights & Publications. Retrieved from Unlocking the potential of the Internet of Things:
http://www.mckinsey.com/insights/business_technology/The_Internet_of_Things_The_value_of_digitizing_the_
physical_world?cid=other-eml-alt-mgi-mck-oth-1506

5. Telsyte. (2015, August 10). Telsyte News. Retrieved from www.telsyte.com.au: http://www.telsyte.com.au/
announcements/2015/8/10/australian-iot-home-market-to-reach-32-billion-by-2019-embedding-smart-technology-
into-everyday-life-1

6. Australian Communications Alliance. (2015, October ). Retrieved from http://www.commsalliance.com.au/_data/

assets/pdf_file/0009/50967/Enabling-the-Internet-of-Things-for-Australia.pdf

7. Deloitte. (2015). Technology, Media and Telecommunication Predictions 2015. Retrieved from www.deloitte.com/:
http://www2.deloitte.com/au/en/pages/technology-media-and-telecommunications/articles/tmt-pred-the-iot-is-
things-not-people.html

8. International Data Corporation. (2015, September 22). Retrieved from https://www.idc.com/getdoc.

jsp?containerId=prUS25923515

9. Accenture. (2015). Accenture and Economist Intelligence Unit CEO Briefing. Retrieved from https://www.accenture.
com/t20150527T211103__w__/fr-fr/_acnmedia/Accenture/Conversion-Assets/DotCom/Documents/Local/fr-fr/
PDF_5/Accenture-CEO-Briefing-2015-Productivity-Outcomes-Internet-Things.pdf

10. Tech Research Asia. (2015). IoT and Enterprise Views in Australia. Oct.

11. Machina Research. (2015, July 16). LinkedIn. Retrieved from https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/enterprise-iot-journey-
busy-road-ahead-emil-berthelsen

12. CIO (2015, May 25). Retrieved from http://www.cio.com.au/article/575718/5-tech-trends-will-impact-data-centres-

future/ 5 tech trends that will impact data centres in the future

13. IndiaTechonline (2014, May 24). Retrieved from http://www.indiatechonline.com/special-feature.php?id=228.php

14. Security Newsdesk. (2015, September 11). Retrieved from http://www.securitynewsdesk.com/iot-security-you-are-

in-control/

15. Cisco. (2014). Cisco. Retrieved from https://www.cisco.com/web/solutions/trends/iot/docs/iot-data-analytics-white-

paper.PDF

36
8.0 Abbreviations/Acronyms

ADP: Application Development Platform

AEP: Application Enablement Platform

API: Application Programming Interface

CDP: Connected Device Platform

DSRC: Dedicated Short Range Communication

EFTPOS: Electronic Funds Transfer at Point of Sale

IoE: Internet of Everything – a term defined by CISCO for the Internet of Things. It is meant to highlight data
from people and device being intertwined

IoT: Internet of Things – a class of services involving specialised devices connected to the Internet

ITS: Intelligent Transport Systems – includes vehicle to vehicle and vehicle to infrastructure communication

LPWAN: Low Power Wide Area Network

MEMS: Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems

M2M: Machine to Machine – a class of services where machines communicate without directly involving people

NB-IoT: Narrowband Internet of Things

RF: Radio Frequency

RFID: Radio Frequency Identification – a system for reading tags wirelessly

SIM (or SIM Card): Subscriber Identity Module – a card-based mechanism for identifying a mobile subscriber

SMS: Short Message Service

SOC: System on a Chip

T&L: Transport and Logistics

V2I: Vehicle to Infrastructure communication

V2V: Vehicle to Vehicle communication

37
 ©2016 Telstra Corporation Limited. All rights reserved.
No part of this document may be released, distributed, reproduced, copied, stored, or transmitted in any form or by any means, without the prior written
permission of Telstra Corporation Limited.
Telstra, the Telstra logo, spectrum device, ™ and ® are trade marks of Telstra Corporation Limited, ABN 33 051 775 556.

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