REHABILITATION WORKS OF

BRIDGE OVER NILE RIVER, JUBA

COMPACT 200 STEEL BRIDGE SPECIFICATIONS

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Table of Contents

1.0 GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF THE SYSTEMS 1

1.1 Basic Bridge Format 1
1.2 Interchangeability 1
1.3 Manhandleability 1
1.4 Connections 1
1.5 Bridge Spans 1
1.6 Roadway 1
1.7 Footways 1
1.8 Clearances 1
1.9 Installation 1
1.10 Demountability 2

2.0 Component Requirements 2

2.1 Truss Components 2
2.2 Roadway Components 2
2.3 Footway Components 3

3.0 Manufacturing Requirements 3

3.1 Quality 3
3.2 Material Specification 3
3.3 Material Certification 3
3.3 Material Thicknesses 4
3.4 Welding 4
3.5 Corrosion Protection 4

4.0 Design Requirements 4

4.1 Environmental Conditions 4
4.2 Design Loading 5
4.3 Design Analysis 5
4.4 Fatigue Life 5
4.5 Fatigue Analysis 5
4.6 Proof of Capacity 5

5.0 Main Parts/Component of Compact 200 Steel Bridge: 6

6.0 Schedules of Minimum Essential Equipment and Tools required for launching. 11

The last page of this document is 12

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 Compact 200 Steel Bridge Specifications

1.0 General Description of the systems

1.1 Basic Bridge Format
1.2 Interchangeability
1.3 Man-handle-ability
1.4 Connections
1.5 Bridge Spans
1.6 Roadway
1.7 Footways
1.8 Clearances
1.9 Installation
1.10 De-mount-ability
1.1 Basic Bridge Format
Bridges shall comprise longitudinal trusses formed of modular steel panels pinned end to end with
transverse girders spanning between them that support a single lane steel decked roadway.
1.2 Interchangeability
All bridge components shall be manufactured in such a manner that they are fully interchangeable with all
other components of the same type.
1.3 Manhandleability
Individual bridge components shall be capable of being lifted and carried by hand, using appropriate tools
where necessary.
1.4 Connections
All connections to be made on site shall utilize pins or bolts that can be easily installed using simple hand
tools. No connections shall utilize high strength friction grip bolts or similar connectors that require the use
of pneumatic or electric powered equipment or any other specialist tools for their installation. No
connections shall require any on-site welding.
1.5 Bridge Spans
The bridging system shall be capable of constructing individual bridge spans that can range from
approximately 15 meters to 60 meters in modular increments of approximately 3 meters.
1.6 Roadway
bridges shall have a modular steel deck roadway with a width of not less than 3.15 meters and or 4.2 meters
for single lane bridges and not less than 7.35m for two lane bridges.
1.7 Footways
Bridges shall have the option of having a modular steel deck pedestrian footway, with a width of not less
than 1 meter, fitted in cantilever on the outside of one or both of the bridge trusses when required.
1.8 Clearances
The internal clearance between the bridge trusses shall not be less than 3.7 meters and or 4.7 meters for
single lane bridges and not less than 8.0m for two lane bridges.
1.9 Installation
The bridges shall be capable of being installed by the method of cantilever launching across the gap to be
bridged without the need for any temporary intermediate supports.

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1.10 Demountability
All bridges constructed with the equipment shall be capable of being de-launched and dismantled for return
to stock or site relocation as necessary.
2.0 Component Requirements
2.1 Truss Components
2.2 Roadway Components
2.3 Footway Components
2.1 Truss Components
The major truss components shall comprise prefabricated modular panels made of rolled steel sections
formed in such a way that they connect together solely by single pins in the top and bottom chords.

No more than two different types of modular panel shall be used to form the trusses of the bridge, and
where two types are used they shall be easily visually identifiable from one another.

The same modular panels shall be capable of forming the trusses of bridges throughout the entire span
range specified above in single storey construction and shall not exceed a bridge span to truss depth ratio
of 25:1.

The capacity of the bridge trusses shall be increased as necessary by the attachment of reinforcing
components to the prefabricated modular panels.

The attachment of such reinforcing components and of all bracing components shall be by bolts. These
bolts may vary in length to suit the particular joints, however, they shall all be of the same diameter in order
to minimize the number of installation tools required.

All surfaces of the major structural elements shall be fully accessible for inspection and maintenance hence
the use of hollow sections shall be avoided.
2.2 Roadway Components
Cross girders shall be either rolled steel section beams or fabricated plate girders.

Each cross girder shall be restrained against overturning, not only by its connection to the trusses, but
additionally by bracing adjacent cross girders together at no less than one position centrally between the
trusses.

Plan bracing shall be provided as required to resist the effects of wind and any other lateral forces that may
be applied to the structure.

The roadway decking shall comprise prefabricated modular steel deck units that span between adjacent
cross girders.

The deck units shall be capable of being attached to the cross girders from above, thus avoiding the need
for routine access to the underside of the decking when the bridge is in-situ.

Each deck unit shall comprise longitudinal stringer sections welded to a steel deck plate that shall have a
factory-applied anti-skid wearing surface, such as a polyurethane bonded bauxite chip system or similar.

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2.3 Footway Components
When required, footway bearers shall be attached to each cross girder such that the footway is in cantilever
on the outside of one or both of the trusses.

The footway decking shall comprise prefabricated modular steel deck units that span between adjacent
bearers.

Handrails, that are at least 1 meter high, shall be provided on each side of the footway.
3.0 Manufacturing Requirements
3.1 Quality
3.2 Material Specification
3.3 Material Certification
3.4 Material Thicknesses
3.5 Welding
3.6 Corrosion Protection
3.1 Quality
All bridge components shall be of brand new manufacture by a fabricator accredited with ISO 9001 and BS
EN ISO 3834-2, or other equivalent, internationally recognized, quality guarantee qualifications.
3.2 Material Specification
Steels shall conform to either the following British Standards or Euro Norm Specifications, or to their
equivalents within other International Standards, and shall have mechanical properties suitable for the
purpose for which they will be used:

a) The major structural elements of the truss panel chords, including the connecting lugs, and of the cross
girders shall be of steel equivalent to BS 4360 Weldable Structural Steel of Grade 55C or to EN 10113
Grade S460N (minimum yield stress 460 N/mm²).

b) All other major structural elements shall be of steel equivalent to BS 4360 Weldable Structural Steel of
Grade 50A or to EN 10025 Grade S355JR (minimum yield stress 355 N/mm²).

c) Minor components and structural elements shall be of steel equivalent to BS 4360 Weldable Structural
Steel of Grade 43A or to EN 10025 Grade S275JR (minimum yield stress 275 N/mm²).

d) Bolts, screws and nuts shall be in accordance with BS 3692 ISO Metric Bolts.

e) Pins shall be of steel equivalent to BS 970 Wrought Steel of Grade 709 M40 with a minimum yield
stress of 800 N/mm².

f) Spring circlips shall be of steel equivalent to BS 5216 Wire for Mechanical Springs.
3.3 Material Certification
Mill certificates shall be provided upon request as confirmation of the steel quality used for the fabrication of
main structural elements. The client maintains the right, however, to take random samples from any
equipment supplied and to have the samples independently tested for verification of material specification
conformity.

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3.3 Material Thicknesses
For bridge components that are to be protected from corrosion by hot dip galvanising, the minimum
thickness of steel to be used for the manufacture of any major structural element shall be 5mm, and the
minimum thickness of steel to be used for the manufacture of any minor structural element or for a deck
component shall be 4mm.

For bridge components which employ any method of corrosion protection other than hot dip galvanising,
such as painting, the minimum thickness of steel to be used for the various elements shall be as follows:
a) All major structural elements, except for the webs of rolled shapes and the ribs and plates of decks,
shall have a minimum thickness of 8mm.

b) Webs of rolled shapes shall have a minimum thickness of 6mm.

c) Ribs and plates of decks shall have a minimum thickness of 5mm.

3.4 Welding
All welding shall be carried out in accordance with the requirements of BS EN ISO5817 and BS EN 1011,
BS EN 287 or their equivalents within other National Standards.

The welding wire used shall be in accordance with BS EN 440, Filler Rods and Wires for Gas Shielded Arc
Welding, or equivalent within another National Standard.
3.5 Corrosion Protection
All steel bridge components shall have a preferred surface protection to the following standards:

a) All structural components shall be galvanised in accordance with the recommendations and
requirements of BS EN ISO 14713, Zinc Coatings, Guidelines and Recommendations Protective
Coating of Iron and Steel Structures, and to those of BS EN ISO 1461, Hot Dip Galvanised Coatings, or
equivalent.

b) All bolts, screws and nuts shall be spun galvanised in accordance with the recommendations and
requirements of BS EN 1461, or equivalent.

c) All pins and clips shall be plated in accordance with the recommendations and requirements of BS EN
ISO 2081, Metallic and other inorganic coatings, or equivalent.
4.0 Design Requirements
4.1 Environmental Conditions
4.2 Design Loading
4.3 Design Analysis
4.4 Fatigue Life
4.5 Fatigue Analysis
4.6 Proof of Capacity
4.1 Environmental Conditions
The bridges shall be designed so as to be suitable for use in areas subject to the following environmental
conditions:
a) Temperatures: -20°C to +60°C with a maximum range on any one site of 50°C.

b) Wind Speeds: 45 meters per second average, gusting to 60 meters per second.

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4.2 Design Loading
Bridges shall be able to sustain the theoretical design live loadings of HS25-44 Highway Loading, including
the effects of dynamic impact and vehicular eccentricity, applied in accordance with Section 3 of the
AASHTO Standard Specification for Highway Bridges (17th Edition, 2002).
4.3 Design Analysis
The design analysis of the bridge and of its component parts shall be carried out in accordance with BS
5400 : Part 3 : Code of Practice for Design of Steel Bridges, or to another equivalent Design Standard
(AASHTO Standard Specification for Highway Bridges for example) except where the capacities of the
bridge and / or of its component parts have been determined by testing.
4.4 Fatigue Life
Single lane bridges shall be able to sustain a minimum 100,000 cycles of stress due to AASHTO HS25-44
truck or lane loading, including the effects of dynamic impact and vehicular eccentricity.

Two lane bridges shall be able to sustain a minimum 100,000 cycles of stress due to AASHTO HS25-44
truck or lane loading applied to both lanes of the bridge simultaneously.
4.5 Fatigue Analysis
The fatigue analysis of the bridge and of its component parts shall be carried out in accordance with BS
5400: Part 10: Code of Practice for Fatigue, or to another equivalent Design Standard (AASHTO Standard
Specification for Highway Bridges for example), unless the fatigue capacities of the bridge system have
been determined by testing.
4.6 Proof of Capacity
Where the assessments of the bending and shear capacities of the bridge system are based upon testing,
independently certified evidence shall be provided of full-scale tests. Furthermore, the published bridge
capacities based upon these tests shall be such that they provide as a minimum a 1.7 factor of safety
against failure.

Where the assessment of the fatigue capacity of the bridge system is based upon testing, independently
certified evidence shall be provided of such tests that define the fatigue characteristics of the main truss
elements and, where appropriate, of the main deck components.

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 5.0 Main Parts/Component of Compact 200 Steel Bridge:
Name of Parts Brief Description of Parts Photograph
Panel The panel is the basic member of the bridge. It is a welded, high-
tensile steel truss section 10 feet (3.048 meters) long, 7 feet 0
inch (2.134 meters) high, and 6 1/2 inches (16.5 centimeters)
wide. It weighs 577 pounds (262 kilograms) and can be carried
by six persons using carrying bars.

Panel Pin The panel pin is 8 5/16 inches 21.1centimeters) long, 1 7/8
inches (4.8 centimeters in diameter, and weighs 6 pounds (2.7
kilograms). It has a tapered end with a small hole for a retainer
clip.

Short Panel Pin The short panel pin is 3/4 inch (1.9 centimeters) shorter than the
normal panel pin and weighs 5.8 pounds (2.6 kilograms). It is
used to pin the end posts of the outer and middle trusses in a
triple-truss bridge.

Transom The transom is a steel beam that supports the floor system of the
bridge. It is 10 inches (25.4 centimeters) by 19 feet 11 inches
(6.1 meters) long. It has a 4 1/2- inch (11.4 centimeters) flange
and a 5/16-inch (0.8 centimeter) cover plate on each flange. The
transom weighs 618 pounds (280 kilograms). It can be carried by
eight soldiers using carrying tongs clamped to the upper flange
or carrying bars inserted through holes in the web.

Transom Clamp The transom clamp is a hinged screw-in type clamp, 13 1/2
inches (34.3 cm) high and 8 inches (20.3 cm) across the top. It
weighs 7 pounds (3.2 Kg). It clamps the transom to the vertical
and bottom chord of the panel. It is tightened by a vise-handled
screw.

Raker The raker is a 3-inch (7.6 cm) steel beam with a 2 3/8-inch (6.0
cm) flange. It is 3 feet 8 5/16 inches (1.11 meters) long and
weighs 22 pounds (10.0 Kg). A raker connects the ends of the
transom to the top of one end of each panel of the inner truss.
This prevents the panels from overturning. An additional raker is
used at each end of the bridge. Both ends of the raker have
hollow dowels for the bracing bolts. The dowels fit through a hole
in the panel and a hole in the transom.

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Bracing Frame The bracing frame is a rectangular frame, 4 feet 3 inches (1.3
meters) by 1 foot 8 inches (50.8 centimeters) with a hollow
conical dowel in each comer. It weighs 44 pounds (20.0 Kg). The
bracing frame is used to brace the inner two trusses on each
side of the double- and triple-truss bridge. Bracing bolts attach
the bracing frames horizontally to the top chords of the bridge,
and vertically on one end of each panel in the second and third
stories.
Sway Brace The sway brace is a 1 1/8-inch (2.9 cm) steel rod, hinged at the
center, and adjusted by a turnbuckle. It weighs 68 pounds (30.8
Kg). At each end is an eye, and a chain with a pin attached. This
pin is inserted through the eye to the sway brace to the panel.
The sway brace is given the proper tension by inserting the tail of
an erection wrench in the turnbuckle and screwing it tight. The
locknut is then screwed up against the turnbuckle.

Tie Plate A tie plate is a piece of flat steel 2 1/2 by 3/8 by 12 inches (6.4 by
1.0 by 30.5 cm) weighing 3 1/2 pounds (1.6 Kg). It has a hollow
conical dowel at each end. The tie plate is used only in triple
truss bridges. It secures the second truss to the third truss using
the unoccupied raker holes in the panels at each joint and at the
ends of the bridge.

Bracing Bolt A bracing bolt is 3/4 inch (1.9 cm) in diameter, 3 1/2 inches (8.9
cm) long, and weighs about 1 pound (0.5 kilograms). A special
lug on its head prevents rotation when the bolt is tightened. A l
1/8inch (2.9 cm) wrench is used to tighten it. The bracing bolt is
used to attach rakers, bracing frames, and tie plates to panels. It
is inserted into the hollow dowels of the braces to draw parts into
proper alignment.

Chord Bolt A chord bolt is 1 3/4 inches (4.4 cm) in diameter, 10 1/2 inches
(26.7 cm) long, and weighs 7 1/2 pounds (3.4 Kg). It is tapered
through half its length to assist in drawing the panels into
alignment. A 1 7/8-inch (4.8 cm) wrench is used to tighten the
bolt. Chord bolts join the panels, one above the other, to form
double and triple-story bridges.

Stringers Stringers carry the bridge’s roadway. Each stringer consists of

three 4-inch (10.2 cm) steel beams, 10 feet (3.0 meters) long,
joined by welded braces. There are two types of stringers: plain
stringers weighing 260 pounds (118 Kg) and button stringers
weighing 267 pounds (122 Kg). They are identical except that the
latter has 12 buttons which hold the ends of the chess (roadway)
in place. Each bay of the bridge has six stringers: four plain
stringers in the middle, and a button stringer on each side.

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Chess Chess, often referred to as deck or decking, form the road
surface. A piece of chess is 2 inches (5.1 cm) by 8 3/4 inches
(22.2 cm) by 13 feet 10 inches (4.2 meters). It is made of wood
and weighs 65 pounds (29.5 Kg). It is notched at the ends to fit
between the buttons of the bottom stringer. Each bay of the
bridge contains 13 chess, which lie across the stringers and are
held in place by the buttons. Chess are held down by ribbands.
Steel Ribband A ribband is a metal curb 8 inches (20.3 cm) high and 10 feet
(Curbs) (3.0 meters) long. It weighs 162 pounds (73.5 Kg). It is fastened
to the button stringers by four J-type ribband bolts.

Ribband Bolt A ribband bolt is a J-type bolt, 1 inch (2.5 cm) in diameter and 8
5/8 inches (21.9 cm) long. It weighs 4 ½ pounds (2.0 Kg). A 1
1/2-inch (3.8 cm)
wrench is used to tighten it. The ribband bolt fastens the ribband
to the button stringers and ramps. The hook end of the bolt grips
the lower flange of the outer beam of the button stringer or ramp.

End Posts End posts are used on both ends of each truss of the bridge to
take the vertical shear. They are placed only on the story
carrying the decking. They are 5- foot 8-inch (1.7 meters)
columns made of two 4-inch (10.1 cm) channels and plates
welded together. There are two types; male and female, having
male and female lugs, respectively. These lugs are secured to
the end panels of the bridge by panel pins placed through holes
in the lugs. The male and female end posts weigh 121 and 130
pounds (54.9 and 59.0 Kg), respectively. End posts have a step
to support a transom outside the panel at one end of the bridge.
In jacking the bridge, the jack is placed under the step. The lower
end of the end post has a bearing block with a semicircular
groove which fits over the bearing.

Bearing The bearing spreads the load of the bridge to the base plate. A
bearing is a welded steel assembly containing a round bar which,
when the bridge is completed, supports the bearing blocks of the
end posts. During assembly of the bridge, it supports the bearing
block of the rocking roller. The bar is divided into three parts by
two intermediate sections that act as stiffeners. The bearing is 4
5/16 inches (11.9 cm) high and weighs 68 pounds (30.8 Kg).
One bearing is used at each corner of a single truss bridge and
two bearings per corner for a double- or triple-truss bridge.
Base Plate The base plate is a welded steel assembly with built-up sides
and lifting-hook eyes on the top at each corner. It is used under
the bearings to spread the load from the bearings over the
ground or grillage. The bottom surface of the baseplate is 13 1/2
square feet (1.25 m2). The base plate weighs 381 pounds (173
Kg) and is large enough for the bearings at one corner of a
single-, double-, or triple-truss bridge. Bearings can slide 9
inches (22.9 centimeters) longitudinally on the base plate.

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Ramps Ramps are similar to stringers but consist of three 5-inch (12.7
cm), instead of 4-inch (10.2 cm), steel beams. They are 10 feet
(3.0 meters) long and are joined by welded braces. The lower
surface of the ramp tapers upward near the ends. There are two
types of ramps: plain ramps weighing 338 pounds (153 Kg), and
button ramps weighing 349 pounds (158 Kg). They are identical
except that. The latter have 12 buttons which hold the ends of
the chess in place. The ends of the ramps fit into lugs on the
transoms at the ends of the bridge.
Ramp Pedestal Ramp pedestals are built-up welded steel assemblies weighing
93 pounds (42.2 Kg). They prevent the transoms supporting
multiple-length ramps from over turning and spread the transom
load over the ground. They are held in place by spikes or pickets
driven through holes in their base plates.

Foot walk The foot walk may be of wood or aluminum. The wood foot walks
are 2 feet 6 inches (0.8 meter) wide and 10 feet (3.0 meters)
long. The aluminum foot walks are 25 3/4 inches (65.4 cm) wide
and 9 feet 11 1/2 inches (3.0 meters) long. Supported on
Foot walk bearers, foot walks are laid along the outer sides of the
bridge for use by foot troops.

Foot walk Bearer A foot walk bearer is a built-up beam of pressed steel 4 feet (1.2
meters) long, weighing 23 pounds (10.4 Kg). Bearers are
attached to all transoms and hold the foot walks post.

Foot walk Post A foot walk post is 4 feet (1.2 meters) high, weighs 10 pounds
(4.5 Kg), and is fitted into every foot walk bearer. Hand ropes are
threaded through two eyes on each post and secured either to
holdfasts on the banks or end foot walks posts.

Overhead-Bracing The overhead-bracing support is used to clamp overhead

Support transoms and sway braces to trusses for overhead bracing of
triple-story bridges. The support is a welded metal assembly that
weighs 150 pounds (68.0 Kg). It is fastened to the tops of third
story panels by chord bolts. A transom is seated over the pintles
on top of the support and secured by cleats over the lower flange
held by four nuts and bolts. One support per girder is placed on
each bay of bridge.

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Rocking Roller The rocking roller, weighing 206 pounds (93.4 Kg), consists of
three rollers housed in a balanced arm which fits over the
bearing, and is free to rock on it. Two side rollers on the flange
on each side of the rocking roller frame act as guides for the
trusses. The side rollers can be removed from the flanges by
removing split pins from spindles underneath the flange; they
then remain loosely attached to the frame by a chain. The rollers
distribute the bridge load along the bottom chord during
launching. The maximum allowable load on one rocking roller is
30 tons (27.2 metric tons).
Plain Roller The plain roller is 2 feet 1 ½ inches (64.8 cm) wide and weighs
116 pounds (52.6 Kg). It consists of a welded housing containing
a single roller split in two. The maximum allowable load on one
roller is 10 tons (9.1 metric tons). Trusses of single-truss bridges
can be carried on either half of the roller. Second and third
trusses of triple-truss bridges are carried on both halves.

Transom Roller The transom roller is a roller having an outside diameter of about
1 7/8 inches (4.8 cm) (or 1 1/2-inches [3.8 cm] extra-heavy steel
pipe) and a length of 6 5/8 inches (16.8 cm). The roller is fitted
with bronze bushings at each end and revolves on a l-inch (2.5
cm) diameter steel pin mounted in a steel frame which is built up
from standard steel bars and angles. The roller assembly is 8
inches (20.3 centimeters) long, 7 5/8 inches (19.4 cm) wide, and
5 3/4 inches (14.6 cm) high overall. It weighs about 12 pounds
(5.4 Kg). The roller is used to make the placement and removal
of transoms easier during the assembly and disassembly of the
bridge.

Jack The jack is used to lift the bridge on and off the rocking rollers. It
is a mechanical lifting jack. It has a lifting range of 15 inches
(38.1 cm) and a capacity on the top of 15 tons (13.6 metric tons).
When the weight is carried on its toe, its capacity is only 7 1/2
tons (6.8 metric tons). Jacks from different manufacturers have
different spacing (pitch) between the teeth, as listed in Table 2-2.
Where jacks are lifting at the same point, all jacks used must
have the same tooth pitch so they can be operated in unison.
The jack weighs 128 pounds (58.1 Kg).

Jack Shoe The jack shoe is a welded assembly which fits over the bearing
and supports the jack. In jacking under the step of the end posts,
the bearing can be placed readily without removing the jack
shoe. The shoe is 4 3/16 inches (10.6 cm) high and weighs 36
pounds (16.3 Kg). It fits over the bearing on the base plate.

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6.0 Schedules of Minimum Essential Equipment and Tools required for launching.
Essential Tools:
Name of Tools Brief Description of Tools Photograph
Wrenches The wrenches provided in the bridge set
1) 1⅛” offset 900 socket wrench, using for tightening ¾“
(bracing) bolts.
2) 1½” offset structural wrench, using for tightening ¾“
(bracing, ribband) bolts.
3) 1½” offset structural wrench, using for tightening 1“ (sway-
brace) lock nut (use tail of wrench for tightening
turnbuckle).
4) 1⅞” offset structural wrench, using for tightening 1¼”
(chord) bolts.
5) Reversible ratchet-wrench using for tightening 1¼” (chord)
bolts with 1⅞” & 1⅛” sockets, for tightening 1¼” (chord)
bolts and ¾“ (bracing) bolts.

Panel Lever The panel lever, used in assembling the second and third trusses
after the first truss is in place over the gap, is a wooden bar 7
feet 9 inches (2.4 meters) long weighing 48 pounds (21.8 kg). It
has a fulcrum near the center and a lifting link at the end. The
lifting link has a swiveling crosspiece which can be readily
attached to the top of a panel by passing it through the upper
chord and turning it. The upper end of the link slides in a slot-the
inner end of the slot is used when erecting the second truss, the
outer end is used when erecting the third truss. The fulcrum is
always placed on the top of the first truss. Two levers per panel
are required, with two soldiers operating each lever. The short
panel pin is 3/4 inch (1.9 centimeters) shorter than the normal
panel pin and weighs 5.8 pounds (2.6 kilograms). It is used to pin
the end posts of the outer and middle trusses in a triple-truss
bridge.

Carrying Bar A wooden carrying bar is 3 feet 6 inches (1.1 meters) long and
reinforced by a steel band at the middle. It is used to carry
panels and transoms. It weighs 8 pounds (3.6 kg).

Carrying Tongs Carrying tongs are steel and shaped like railroad tongs. These
tongs are used to carry transoms by clamping them over the top
flange.

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Chord Jack The chord jack consists of two welded steel frames joined by a
knuckle-threaded screw assembly. It is operated by a ratchet
lever. The lever has a shackle at its end to which a rope can be
attached, making operation easier. The chord jack is used to
force the panels apart so the chord lug holes align and the chord
bolts can be inserted.

Pin Extractor The pin extractor assists in dismantling the bridge. After the pin
has been driven part way out, and the recess under the head of
the pin is exposed, the pin extractor grips the pin head and
forces the pin out by a levering action. It is particularly useful for
dismantling the third truss of a triple-truss bridge where the
closeness of the second truss makes it impossible to drive the
pins out with a hammer.

Launching-Nose Link The launching-nose link Mk II is about 10 inches (25.4 cm) long
MK II and 7 inches (17.8 cm) wide and weighs 28 pounds (12.7 kg). It
consists of two steel frames welded back to back. The lugs of
two panels fit into the link. The sides of the link have holes into
which panel pins can be inserted. The links lie flush with the
underside of the bottom chords and have a false flange welded
on the bottom edge so the bridge can be rolled out on launching
rollers. It also has a pintle on the top to seat a transom.
Launching-nose links overcome the sag occurring when the
launching nose is cantilevered over the gap. They are also used
between the upper jaws of span junction posts during the
launching of broken-span bridges.

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