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at
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edd u
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alscarr
iedi
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at
oms& mo l
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ir
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swhenmixedwit
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eda
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ame
o
xygen.
Thisi
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rmo fenergywhichismeas
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igni
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nsit
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at
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tconsi
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om
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gni
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i
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e
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it
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uall
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eeBu
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g nitinga l
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Exp
lai
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sc onsume dbyf i
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ases
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omt hefire
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asho
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i
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avel
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ameSp
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errateof
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2.Exc l
usi
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Wha
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etheFi
reExt
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uis
hingme
tho
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3.Re du
cti
ono ftemperat
ure
4.Inhib
iti
onofcha i
n
Thes
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h
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it
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uthf
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re
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othos
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re p
titi
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lyo p
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pho
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Thi
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etherob
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sp er
tai
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omt hecr
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urnst
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c
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I
tisalsoknowna sti
ghtt a
il
,thisref
erstotheme t
hodemplo
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whenthesubje
ctismo vingbutiskeptonco nst
antview.Thisi
s
c
los
eta
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co
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epr e
c aut
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na nyotherkindoftai
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co
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ect
.
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ath
Theproc
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vide
nce
Co
mpa
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Thi
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orp
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li
shtha
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ted
.
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tiswhe rethet
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pl
e so
fna t
uralandphys
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cie
nc e
sa reapp
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imescene c
rimel
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Refer
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me .
Iti
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cati
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ono b
serve
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rmatio
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ateo
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I
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ectmatt
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ewhi
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eds
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Itgi
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rmati
ontothei
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tte
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r
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ros
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nfo
rma
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elft
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tsrel
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Thi
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e
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r.Theygi
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ms el
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hi
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Suf
fer
ingunderappr
ehens
iono fangerandhasbe
comesus
pic
iousof
as
soci
atesandthecri
mina
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rpri
se,thi
sisamoti
veofi
nfor
ma nt
s Fe
ar
whowo r
ryo ft
heirownsafe
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irf
amil
y.
I
tisafi
nalrevi
ewofthecri
mes c
e net
od e
terminewhet
hero
rnot
t
heproc
essi
ngha sb
eencomple
ted.Usua
ll
yu nde
r t
ake
nbythete
am f
ina
lsu
rve
y
l
eade
roftheSOCOu ni
t.
Thi
sist
hed r
aftoft
hecri
mescenemadefo
rc our
tro
omp
res
ent
ati
on
f
ini
she
dske
tch
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ale& p
rop
ort
ionsho
uldbedet
ail
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Thes
ubjecti
sinpronepos i
ti
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ced owntouc
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th
ar
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.Thei nvesti
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orcrou
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eof f
loo
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h
t
hesubj
ectattheregi
ono fthewaistofthes
ubject
.
I
nt hi
ss trat
e gy,thei nvesti
g a
torshouldbea bl
et oestabl
ishthatthe
ya re
wil
li
ngt ohe lpt hesus pectanda voi
dha rs
herp enal
tie
s.Hemu stbes e
en
asaf r
iend,ab rothera nda na d
viser
.Hemu stb eabletore l
atetothe
Exp
lai
nfr
iend
lya
ppr
oac
h.
suspe
ctt hatse veraljustif
ying,miti
gati
ngc i
rcums t
ancesa r
ea ll
owedby
ourcourtsa ndt hosewo ul
db ea pp
li
edt othesub j
ectwhe never
appro
priatewi tht hehe lpofthep ol
ice.
Thi
sispr
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e db
yf or
cib
leconta
c to
ftheb
odybysha
rp-e
dged
Wha
tisa
ninc
ise
dwo
und
?
i
nst
rume
nts,l
ikebol
o,kni
ves
,a xe,bro
kengl
asso
rsha
rpedgeofo
yst
er.
Thi
sref
erst
otheuni
quene
ssofsomei
temofevi
dencema d
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le
I
ndi
vid
ual
iz
ati
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bydfa
cttha
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emso c
cur
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tlythesame.
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tisa
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wna sass
ets
,s t
oolpig
eonsandthe
ya reref
err
edt
oas
I
nfo
rma
nts
s
omeonewhopr
ovid
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nvest
igat
ors
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nic
ate
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ome
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omp
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ons
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aceo
r
Wha
tisI
NFORMATI
ON?
thi
ngs
.
I
tref
erstotheparti
cul
armeanstoaf
fec
tare s
ult
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p
rove
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wa yspres
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wful I
nte
nt
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ct.I
tassumestheexerci
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eed
o mandtheuseofint
ell
ig
ence.
I
tisaski
lf
ulandt
hor
oughquest
ioni
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I
nte
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gat
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b
eas u
specti
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I
tre
ferst
otheq
ues
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fac
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era
tives
ubj
ect
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ual
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tne
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s
I
nte
rvi
ew
t
oac r
ime
.
Thosewhore
luc
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lygivei
nfo
rma
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neve
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tde
sir
eto
Wha
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lunt
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nfo
rma
nt?
kno
wt ha
ttheyaredoi
ngso.
I
tref
erstoa ninf
ormalands umma ryi
nvest
igat
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bli
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p
ros
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iminalc
asesinvol
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est
eda nddet
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Exp
lai
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tPr
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rthep u
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d
p
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dya ndcorr
espondi
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Thisisusedwher
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ighto
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earch.
Exp
lai
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ear
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ectisr
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redt
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da ndsec
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db e
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handc
u f
fs.
Thi
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iminalr
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it
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omthepol
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ase
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I
tmeansthet
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ntinst
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Wha
tisLa
cer
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und
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Thee
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regu
laranddono
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ingins
tru
me nt
.
Thee
xpl
ana
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ymb
olsu
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oid
ent
if
yob
jec
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Themethodemplo
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ectismovi
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kep
twithi
nview.Iti
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einthehabi
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al l
oos
eta
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i
mp r
ess
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esofthetarg
etmu s
tbeasce
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ned
.
Thi
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erstotho
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nfo
rma
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nfo
rma
tio
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rva
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ble
me
rce
nar
yinf
orma
nt
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nsi
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ati
on.
Thisreferstothecharact
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sti
co rdis
tinc
twayac ri
minalcommi t
sa
spe
c i
fi
ct ypeofcri
me .Itwasdevise
db yMa j
.Gen.Lewe l
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rly
anditope r
atesunde
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hatitishumannatu
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per
and
i
per
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yb utremainswith
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he individua
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tref
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so ntoc
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ime
.Itis
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ega
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me.
I
tisakindo
fint
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ogat
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sut
il
iz
edforsubj
ect
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re
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rra
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ll
ingt
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tht
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nvest
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s.
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tusesatlea
stanu mbero fpersonne
lfoll
owingthesubj
e c
tonfoot.Allthe
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eta
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hp ert
ainst
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ctwent,thepersons and
Exp
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por
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Se
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Ad
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Ap
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cci
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act
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ou r
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elat
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inka
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om 15-60meters
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eac
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eac
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om whi
ch
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efe
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ts.
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chme
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s p
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omp er
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itu
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r
egu
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igns
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str
ict
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o hi
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ly.
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oce
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ghto
fwa
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Thatparto
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ad
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ulderalong
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s
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etwhi
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iedb
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lk. Ro
ads
ide
Ref
erstoasignpl
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rmingroa
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oads
ign
us
ersofappl
ic
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tio
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esp
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ass
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em
Thepo
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orve
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ave
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o
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ano
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erstothemaxi
mum numbero
fve
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ara n
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atu
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i
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na s
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tr
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ent
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There
aso
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amet
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oge
ner
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y
s
imu
lta
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usf
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nt.
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yti
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ksa
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kidma
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Abraki
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ptedatfre
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rst
oamo d
ernurba
nsyst
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oves
tre
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l
Skywa
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i
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ibe
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ml eg
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cit
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o rasaf
etrave
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fer
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ope
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tal
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.
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oll
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tar
tofe
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urs
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orwa
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op
Thec
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ual
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il
iz
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cci
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itu
ati
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la
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rovi
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ree
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s
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Su
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Swe
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oadus
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Ref
erstoa
nya ct
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raf
fi
cuni
ttos
tee
rcl
earo
fa
Ta
cti
cs
ha
zardo
ussi
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omponenti
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tes
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ermi
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Apo
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Tho
rou
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eadonthe Tr
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rom
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raf
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raf
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ulat
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ic
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t
raf
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ided
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opo
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raf
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ghts
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ls
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tei
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ns, t
raf
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csi
gn
o
rg u
idest
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orthepu
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rmedonst
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raf
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per
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e
xist
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lat
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nsi
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tem
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ty.Itisap
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ulde
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ubli
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e t
raf
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ti
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edforcar
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ail
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por
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por
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oti
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re Tr
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Thenu
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Thedi
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Ya
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mpres
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ip
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quipment
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mayalsobekno wnasamu l
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isher.
I
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omb
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e. Ac
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I
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Theme di
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ons
e;
Al
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Afl
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Al
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I
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sprod
uce
dwhe
nas
hor
tci
rcu
itob
rea
k
Ar
cing
i
nane l
ect
ri
calc
onduct
orocc
urs
.
Thelo
westte
mp er
aturea
twhic
has u
bsta
ncewi
lla
uto
mat
ica
ll
ybu
rn
a
utoi
gni
ti
onp
oint
wit
hou
tthatapp
li
cati
onofsp
arkorafl
ame.
Thesamea si
gnit
iont
e mperat
ureexceptt
hatnoexternalig
nit
ion
sou
rceisneede
df o
rignit
ionsi
ncethema t
eri
ali
tsel
fha sbeenheate
d
a
utoi
gni
ti
ont
emp
era
tur
e
t
or ea
chigni
ti
ontemperatur
e.Itisthespo
nta
neousignit
ionofvapour
orgasesg
ivenoffbyheatedma t
eri
al.
Thee xpl
osi
onc a
usedb ythesuddeni
ntr
o d
ucti
ono foxygeninafi
re
ar
e awhe nl
argequanti
ti
eso fs
uperhe
ate
df uelunderpre
ssurei
s
Ba
ckd
raf
t
co
nt a
ined.I
tma yal
soo ccurbeca
useofinade
q u
ateo ri
mp r
oper
venti
lat
ionpro
cedur
e s
.
1.s
izeofconf
ine
da re
a
2.e
xtentt
owhi c
hs mold
eri
nghasoccurr
ed
Whe
red
oest
hef
orc
eoft
heb
ackd
raf
tde
pend
s?
3.d
egreeofheat
ingoftheatmo
sphere
4.r
ateatwhichairoroxyg
enisint
roduced
.
I
tistheac
tofir
rita
tingthenos
eandthr
oatandcausi
ngl
acr
yma
tio
n
b
iti
ngs
moke
"
tear
s"andco
ughingindi
cate
spres
enc
eo fchl
ori
ne.
I
ndi
cat
esbur
ningmate
r i
al
so fapr
oductwi
thp
etr
ole
umb
ases
ucha
s
b
lac
ksmo
ke
r
ubber
,ta
r,coal
,tu
rpenti
ne,orp
etro
leum.
I
tistheco
nst
antte
mpera
tureatwhi
cht
heva
pou
rso
fthel
iq
uida
re
b
oil
ingp
oint
e
qualtot
heatmos
pher
icpre
ssu
r e
.
Thislawstat
estha
tt hepres
sur eo
fag a
sisinve
rselyprop
ort
iona
ltoit
s
volu
mea tag i
ventempera
ture.Thelawrel
atest
ot hecompre
ssib
il
it
yofg a
s
Exp
lai
nBo
yle
'sl
aw.
andthee f
fec
toftemp e
rat
urea ndvol
umeonthep r
e s
sur
einap ress
uri
zed
contai
ner
.
I
tist
heamou
nto fhea
trequ
ire
dtor
ais
ethet
emp
era
tur
eof1g
ram
Ca
lor
ie
o
fwatert
o1d e
greesCel
si
us
I
tisf
orme
dbyt
hei
nco
mpl
etec
omb
ust
iono
fac
etyl
eneo
rna
tur
al c
arb
onb
lac
k
c
rac
kingo
fhyd
rog
eni
nthea
bse
nceo
fai
r.
I
tisfor
medbyt
hei
nco
mpl
etec
omb
ust
iono
fca
rbo
n.I
tca
use
sde
ath
Ca
rbo
nMo
noxi
de
b
ya s
phyxi
a.
Ther ul
ethatheavybur
ninga ndd ee
pc harringwillgener
all
yb e
great
erfrom wheret
hefireor i
gina
tedi snota b
solut
e.The r
ea r
e
othe
rf ac
tor
st obecons
idere
dwhe ne xaminingthecha rpat
ter
no f c
har
ringp
att
ern
exte
nsivefi
res.I
tisthes
ef a
ct o
rsthatt heinvesti
gat
ormu st
t
ho r
oughlyanal
yze& corr
ectl
yi nter
pr e
t.
I
tist
hec
omp
one
nto
fwo
odt
hati
spyr
oli
zed
. Ce
ll
ul
ose
Thes
earesudd
enrel
easeofenerg
ybyu
pse
tti
ngt
hec
hemi
calb
ala
nce
c
hemi
cale
xpl
osi
ons
ofu
nsta
blec
hemic
alcompo
u nds
.
I
tist
her
api
doxi
dat
iono
fsu
bst
anc
esa
cco
mpa
nie
dbyhe
ata
ndl
ig
ht. Co
mbu
sti
on
I
tisoneinwhi
cha
lltheat
mo s
pher
icte
mp e
ratur
eins
idei
tsc
ont
aine
r
c
omp
res
sedg
as
e
xistso
lel
yint
hegas
e o
ussta
teunderpr
essur
e.
Thesea
rchers
tar
tsa
tac e
ntr
alp
oint
.Ass o
ona sThisl
oca
tio
nha
s
c
onc
ent
ri
cci
rcl
e
bee
nthoro
ughl
ycombedanew& l
argerc
ircl
eisdrawn.
Thep
roc
esso
fhe
att
rans
ferb
ydi
rec
tco
nta
ct. Co
ndu
cti
on
I
tref
erst
otheme a
nsbywhi
chhe
ati
str
ans
fer
redb
yac
irc
ula
ting
Co
nve
cti
on
med
iumei
therl
iq
uidorga
s.
I
tre
ferstot
herisi
ngcol
umnofhea
tedai
rorga
sesab
ovea
c
onve
cti
onc
olu
mn
c
ont
inu
ingheato
rf i
res
ourc
e.I
tisals
oknownast
her
malc
olu
mn.
Thedesc
ript
iveofanyli
quef
iedgasbyi
tsnat
ureasar
esu
ltofi
ts
re
act
ionwithothe
re l
ement
sp ro
mo t
esara
piddro
pint
emper
atu
reof Cr
yog
eni
c
t
heimme di
atesur
roundi
ngs
.
I
tisat ypeofexpl
osi
onwhi c
ho rdi
nari
lyoccursinar elati
vel
ys low
"pus
h"ma nner
,withvel
ocit
iesfrom afewinchesp ermi nut
et o
upwardo f1500feetpersecond.Thisister
me da sal o
wo r
de r
expl
osion.Ac hemi
calrea
ctio
np roduci
ngvigorousheata ndsp a
rkso r
d
efl
agr
ati
on
f
lame,mo vi
ngthro
ughthema teri
alatles
st hanthes peedofs ound
.A
majord if
fer
enceamongexplosi
vesisthes p
e e
do fther eact
ion.Itcan
al
sor e
f ertoanint
enseburni
nga ndisac haract
eris
ticofc l
assB
expl
osives.
Ater
mu s
edtodeno
tethewei
ghtp
eru ni
tvo
lumeofasu
bst
ance
.
Thedensi
tyofa
nys ub
sta
ncei
sobt
aine
db ydi
vid
ingt
hewei
ghtby De
nsi
ty
t
hevolume.
I
tisextr
emelyrap
idandvio
lentexpl
osi
onwi
thap
rac
tic
all
y
De
tona
tio
n
i
nst
anta
neou
sr e
leaseofc
hemicalene
rgy.
Anagentuse
df o
rclas
sA,B& Cf i
rest
hatext
ingu
ishesfi
reby
d
ryc
hemi
cal
i
nte
rru
p t
ingtheche
micalc
hai
nre
acti
oni
nt hecombust
ionzone
.
Thee
xti
ngu
ishi
nga
gents
uit
abl
efo
rus
eonc
omb
ust
ibl
eme
talf
ir
es. d
ryp
owd
er
Thes
ea retheburni
ngofthef i
nelydi
videdparti
cl
esofc ombust
ibl
es
t
hataresuspendedi
nda ir
.Du stexpl
osio
nsg ener
all
ya r
et oexpl
ode.
d
uste
xpl
osi
on
Asma l
lexplo
sio
no rsho
ckwa vec r
eate
sa dd
iti
onaldusti
na n
at
mospherecausi
ngtheseconda ndla
rgerexplosi
on.
Thesea
rec
hangeswhereb
ye nergy"hea
t"isabs
orb
edo risa
dded
bef
oret
her
eact
iontake
sp l
ace.Thismeanstha
tthesubst
anc
es e
ndo
the
rmi
cre
act
ions
f
ormedbyc
hangeconta
inmo r
ee nerg
ythantherea
cti
ngma t
eri
al
s.
Thes
ea r
etho
set
hatrel
eas
eo rgi
veo
ffenerg
y,thu
sthe
ypr
odu
ce
e
xot
her
micr
eac
tio
ns
su
bsta
nceswi
thl
esse
nergythant
herea
cta
nts.
Thi
sr es
ult
sfrom avig
oro
usr
eac
tio
nwithsud
denrel
eas
eofalarg
e
amountofene
rgyd u
et ot
her
api
dp r
odu
cti
onofga
sesand t
ime Exp
los
ion
l
ibe
rati
onofheat.
Areb ui
ldi
ngsorst
ructur
esthatarene
arthestr
uctu
reo nfi
reand
thatareplac
edatris
kb ythefir
e.Aprimaryf
ocusoftherespo
nding
fi
redepa r
tmentwi
llbetop r
ote
cttheexpo
sure
s,thusreduc
ingthe Exp
osu
res
ris
ko fthefir
espr
eadingandcausi
ngaddi
ti
ona
ldama g
et ol
ifeand
prope
rty.
Thema nne
rinwhichfue
ligni
tesf
lame,d
evel
opheat& t
hef
ir
e
sp
reads
.So me
time
su s
edt ore
fert
ot hec
har
acte
ris
tic
sofap
arti
cul
ar f
ir
ebe
havi
our
f
ire.
Themo
stc
ommo
nde
vic
eus
edi
npl
ant
sfo
rfi
ref
ight
ingp
urp
ose
s. f
ir
eext
ing
uis
her
s
I
tre
fer
stotho
segas
estha
tr e
ma i
nwhe
nthep
rod
uct
sofc
omb
ust
ion
f
ir
ega
ses
a
recoo
ledt
onorma
ltemper
ature
.
Thecondi
ti
onscond
uci
vetof
ir
eort
hati
sli
kel
ytoi
ncr
eas
ethe
f
ir
eha
zar
d
ext
entorseve
rit
yoffi
re.
I
tisame
cha
nic
ald
evi
ces
tra
teg
ica
ll
ypl
ace
dina
nins
tal
la
tio
nor f
ir
ehyd
rant
s
tre
etwhe
reaf
ir
eho
sema
ybec
onne
cte
dinc
ase
soff
ir
e.
I
tisthet
emperat
ureatwhi
chaflamma b
leliqu
idfo
rmsava pou
ra i
r
mixt
uret
hatig
nit
es.Themini
muma ndma ximumtemper
atu
r eare f
ir
epo
int
re
ferr
edtoasthelo
weranduppe
rf l
ashpointina
irre
spect
ivel
y.
Ame
cha
nic
alc
ont
ri
vanc
eus
edf
ors
upp
lyi
ngwa
ter
. f
ir
epu
mp
Arel
ati
vetermref
erri
ngtothea
mo untofti
meama t
eri
alwi
llresi
st
f
ir
ere
sis
tanc
e
ano
rma lf
ir
ea smeas
uredonastand
a r
dtime-t
emp
eratu
recu
r ve
.
I
tisate
rmuse
dtoindi
cat
ethatmate
ria
lsorsub
sta
nce
sha
veb
een
f
ir
ere
tar
dant
t
reat
edt
ore
tar
dig
niti
onorthespr
eadoffi
re.
I
tispre-r
equ
isi
tetogra
ntp
ermi
t/
li
cens
ebyl
oca
lgo
ver
nme
ntf
ora
ny
f
ir
esa
fet
yins
pec
tio
n
p
arti
cul
arest
abl
ishme
nt.
I
tisafi
nel
yp owde
r e
ds ub
stanc
ewhich,whe
nmixedwit
hal
lin
f
ir
etr
ap
p
rope
rpropor
ti
o nandig
nitedwil
lca
useanexpl
osi
on.
I
tist
hecombi
nat
iono
ffu
el,he
ata
ndo
xyg
ena
t1s
pec
ifi
c
f
ir
etr
iang
le
o
ccur
renc
e.
I
tisdesignedt op r
eventt hes p
reado ffi
re,havingaf i
rer es
ist
a nce
r
ati
ngo fno tlessthan4ho urswiths t
ruct
uralsta b
il
it
yt or emain
s
tandi
nge venifthead j
ace ntconst
ructi
onc ol
la
ps esund erfir
e
f
ir
ewa
ll
c
ondit
ion.Fi rewa l
lsextendt hrou
ghr oof
sa ndus ep a
r apetsabovet he
r
ooftod ividelarg
es ect
ionso fb u
il
dingstop r
eve ntt heo verl
app i
ng
o
rs p
rea do ffir
e.
I
tisar
evo
lvi
ngma
sso
fai
rcr
eat
edb
yaf
ir
e,no
rma
ll
yaf
ore
stf
ir
e. f
ir
ewhi
rl
wind
I
tistheinjur
yc aus
edb yfi
reorint
rod
uct
ionofe
xtr
emehea
twhic
hinj
ure
s
Exp
lai
nfi
rstd
egr
eeb
urn. t
heou t
erlayeroftheskincau
singi
ttochang
etocol
orr
edwit
han
a
ccumu l
ati
ono fl
iq
uid.
Thes
ea r
eincande
scentgase
sthatrapi
dcau
sedbythera
pidoxi
dat
ion
ofacombust
ibl
ema t
eri
al.Theburni
nggasorva
pou
ro ff
iret
hatis Fl
ame
s
vi
si
bleasli
ghtofvari
ouscol
our
s.
I
tist
heo
ute
rmo
ste
dgeo
rsu
rfa
ceo
fdf
lame
. f
lamef
ront
Itref
erstot
hea
reao
rsu
rfa
ceb
etwe
ent
heg
ase
sorva
pou
rsa
ndt
he
f
lamei
nte
rfa
ce
vis
ibl
efla
me.
Thevel
oci
tya
twhic
hcombus
tio
ntr
ave
lst
hro
ughag
aso
rove
rthe
f
lamep
rop
aga
tio
nra
te
su
rfa
ceofali
qui
dorso
li
d.
I
tisate
rmu se
dt ore
fertoc
omb u
s t
ibl
ema
ter
ialtha
tig
nit
ese
asi
ly,
Fl
amma
ble
b
urnsr
apid
ly,orhasarap
idrat
eo ffl
ames
pread.
I
tisa ls
or eferr
edtoasbackflas
h.Iti
sthet ende
ncyoff l
ammabl
e
l
iq
uidf i
re store-i
gni
tefr
om as our
ceofigni
ti
o naf
tertheyhavebe
en
e
xtinguished.Thevapou
rso fafl
ammableliq
uidma yserveasafuse f
las
hba
ck
l
eadingfr om asou
rceofigni
ti
onb a
cktotheflammableliq
uid
c
onta i
ner.
Thi
sphenome
namayocc
urins
ideab u
rni
ngbu
il
d i
ngwhenhe
ate
dai
r
f
las
hfi
re
i
ncr
easethec
ombu
sti
onrat
etoins
tant
ane
ouscombus
tio
n.
I
tisthepro
duc
tio
noff
ir
eba
ll
sasar
esu
lto
fthei
gni
ti
ont
emp
era
tur
e
f
las
hove
r
o
fg a
ses.
I
tisthetempera
turea twhic
haf l
ammableli
qui
df o
rmsavapou
rai
r
mixt
urethati
gni
tes.Itisal
sothelowes
ttemperat
ureatwhi
cha
f
las
hpo
int
co
mb us
tib
lesubs
tancewhe nheat
edtakesfi
reintheai
r&and
co
nti
nuetob u
rn.
Thisist hea cce
ler
ati
ono fp
yr o
li
ticprocess.Itisdur
ingt hi
ss t
agethat
maximu m he atanddest
ruct
ivecapabil
it
ieso ffi
redevel
o pthusc o
mb at
ing
fi
reint hisstageareverydiff
icul
t&a ndre qui
remo r
et hano nefi
refighter
.
Exp
lai
ntheFr
ee-b
urni
ngPha
se.
Thethe rma lcol
umno ffi
rec a
rrie
sd est
ructivegase
ss ucha scomb u
sti
b l
e
vapoura ndCO.Theb asete
mp eratu
reo fthef i
resarou
nd800-1000d egrees
Fahrenhe i
ta ndcei
li
ngtemperatur
eo fupt o1600d egreesFa hr
enheit
.
I
tre
fer
stog
ase
sli
ber
ate
dbyt
hehe
at. f
reer
adi
cal
s
I
treist
her
esi
sta
ncet
omo
tio
noft
omo
vingo
bje
ctso
rsu
rfa
cest
hat
Fr
ict
ion
t
ouc
h.
Theresul
twhenme c
hani
cale
ner
gyi sus
edinove
rco
mingthe
f
ri
cti
ona
lhe
at
re
sis
tanc
et omot
ionwhentwosol
id
sa r
er u
bbe
dtoge
the
r.
Iti
sa nythi
ngthatwillbu
rnwhe nhe a
tedwithsuf
fi
cie
nto xygen.Itis
themo stimpor
tantpartofthetr
iangl
e,forfue
liswhatb urns
.The
Fu
el
natu
rea ndpropert
iesofthefue
lar eess
enti
alincombat
ingf i
res.It
comesint hr
eeformsa ssol
id,l
iqui
do rgas.
Thesea
regase
scus
tomari
lyu
s e
dforbur
ningwit
ha irtop
rodu
ce
f
uelg
ase
s
hea
twhichi
nturni
suti
li
zedaspower
,proce
ss,l
ightandcomf
ort
.
The
seg
aso
li
neva
pou
rsa
rehe
avi
ert
hana
ira
nds
ett
ledi
nthef
loo
r. Ga
sol
ine
Analar
mc al
le
db ec
aus
eal
arg
efi
rer
equ
ire
sca
ll
inga
ddi
ti
ona
lfi
re
g
ene
rala
lar
m
fi
ght
ersandequi
pment
.
Thismaybcau
sedb
yflyi
ngas
heso
rso
oto
flo
ose
lyp
acke
d
g
reyi
shs
moke
su
bstanc
ess
uchass
tra
wo rha
y.
I
tisama pofa
na re
ao verl
aidwi
thagr
idsys
temofrec
tang
ular
c
oordi
nat
esorazi
muthb ear
ing"p
ola
rco
ord
inat
es"t
hatar
eu s
edto g
ridma
p
i
dent
if
ygrou
ndlocat
ions.
Anyf
ir
einvo
lvi
ngna
tur
alg
rou
ndc
ove
rli
keg
ras
s,b
rus
h,o
rti
mbe
r. g
rou
ndc
ove
rfi
re
Anindi
vid
ualse
eki
ngtore
vengeawr
ongmayat
tempttoinj
ureorto
ca
usethewrongbec
aus
eaf i
remayi
nfl
ic
tbo
thphys
ica
landfina
nci
al g
rud
gea
nds
pit
efi
res
i
njur
y.
Theheatact
uati
ngd
evice
sther
mosta
tic
all
yc o
ntr
oll
eda
ndu
sedt
o
HAD
ac
tiva
tefi
reala
rm,equ
ipmentora
ppli
ances
.
Thes ou
rceofigni
tio
no ranydevic
et os t
artafi
re.Itca
nbeas a
fet
y
ma t
ch,ali
ght
e dcandl
e,ormo r
es ophi
sti
catedf
ormss uc
has
He
at
chemica
l,mechani
calorel
e c
tri
calcont
rivanced
esignedtos
tar
ta
bla
ze.
I
tist
hea mo
untofhea
trele
aseddur
ingt
hecompl
eteo
xid
ati
onwhe
re
he
ato
fco
mbu
sti
on
t
heorga
nicf
ueli
sconver
tedtoca
rbondi
oxi
deandwat
er.
I
tist
hehe a
tr el
ease
db ythedeco
mp os
iti
ono
fco
mpo
und
sre
qui
ri
ng
he
ato
fde
comp
osi
ti
on
t
headdi
ti
ono fheatfort
heirf
ormula
tio
n.
I
tist
hea
mou
nto
fhe
atne
ces
sar
ytoc
onve
rts
oli
dtol
iq
uid
. he
ato
ffu
sio
n
Thi
sre
fer
stohe
atr
ele
ase
dwhe
nas
ubs
tanc
eisd
iss
olve
dinal
iq
uid
. he
ato
fso
lut
ion
I
tissomet
imesre
fer
redtoa
sheatfl
ow.I
tist
hemo ve
me ntand
d
ispe
rsi
onofhea
t.Heati
str
ans
ferr
edbyc
onve
cti
on,cond
u c
tio
nand he
att
rans
fer
r
adi
ati
on.
Theamou
nto
fhe
ata
bso
rbe
dwhe
nas
ubs
tanc
eisa
lte
redf
roml
iq
uid
he
ato
fva
por
iza
tio
n
t
og a
s.
I
tisanu pr
ightmetalcast
ingco nnect
edt oawa t
ersuppl
ys yst
ema nd
e
quip
p e
dwi t
ho neormo revalveo utl
etstowhi chap umpo rhoseli
ne
c
anb econnecte
d.Alsoithasb eeng i
vent hena me'pl
ug'or'cat
cha
p
lug'
.Thistermc omesfromthee arl
yfirefighti
ngwhe nwa t
er
Hyd
rant
r
emainswhe renot
hingmo ret
ha noneho l
lowedo uttr
ees,buri
edin
t
heground.Whe naf i
recompa nyne ededwa ter
,theywo ul
dd i
gd o
wn
t
helog,ando pe
naho leinthet reeforawa te
rs upp
ly.Aft
erthefire
,
t
heho l
ehadt obep l
uggedinor dertostopt heflo
wo fwa t
er.
Thelowestte
mpera
tur
ea twhi
chaf ue
lwhenheat
edwil
lig
niteai
r
andcont
inuetob
urn.Thetemper
atu
rer e
qui
redt
oc a
usei
gnit
ionofa I
gni
ti
onTe
mpe
rat
ure
subs
tanc
e.
Thisisthebeg
inni
ngo ffi
re.Thepro
duct
sofp yro
lysi
sa r
ema i
nlywat
er
vapourandcar
bond i
oxid
e.Theb a
seareaofthefirehasate
mp era
tur
eo f
Exp
lai
ninc
ipi
ento
rini
ti
alp
has
e.
400-800degr
eesFahrenheit
.Iti
sinthi
sstag
et hatfi
refi
ght
ingiseas
il
y
cont
roll
edandsubdue
d.
Thi
sre
fer
stog
ase
sus
edf
orma
nuf
act
uri
ngp
roc
ess
es. i
ndu
str
ialg
ase
s
Thi
siskno
wna
sinc
end
iar
ismo
rcl
ass
ifi
eda
sar
son. i
nte
nti
ona
lfi
re
I
tispr
oduc
edbyburningo
flowg
rad
ehe
avyo
il
sorr
esi
nou
sort
arr
y
l
ampb
lac
k
mat
eri
al
swiths
uff
ici
entai
r.
Thequa
nti
tyofhea
tabs
orb
edbyas u
bst
anc
ewhe
nthes
ubs
tanc
e
l
ate
nthe
at
f
rom asol
idt
oli
qui
dandfr
om al
iq
uidtoga
s.
I
tre
ferst
othed
isc
hargeofanel
ect
ri
calcha
rgeonac
lou
dtoa
n
Li
ght
ning
o
ppos
itec
har
getoano
thercl
oudoronthegrou
nd.
I
tisoneinwhic
ha tnorma
ltemp er
atu
reins
ideit
scont
aine
rexis
t
p
artl
yinli
qui
da ndpar
tl
yingas e
ousformunderpre
ssu
rea sl
ongas l
iq
uef
iedg
as
a
nyliqu
idremai
nsinthecont
ainer.
Iti
sora
ngeredincol
our
.Itwil
ldepo
s i
tsootatthes
iteo
fthevess
el
l
umi
nou
sfl
ame
hea
tedduet
oitslo
wertemper
atur
ea ndinc
o mpl
etec
ombust
ion.
Iti
srel
ease
db yco
mpr
ess
iona
ndi
sre
spo
nsi
bl
efo
rsi
gni
fi
cant
me
cha
nic
alhe
ate
ner
gy
numbe
ro ff
ire
s.
Anyb
las
tord
eto
nat
iont
hato
ccu
rswi
thi
nave
sse
lorc
ont
aine
r. me
cha
nic
ale
xpl
osi
on
I
tisb
luei
ncolouranditr
epr
esent
sthec
omp
let
eco
mbu
sti
ono
ffu
el
no
n-l
umi
nou
sfl
ame
a
ndhasarel
ati
velyhi
ghtemper
atu
re.
Theu
nio
nofas
ubs
tanc
ewi
tho
xyg
ena
sinb
urni
nga
ndr
ust
ing
. Oxi
dat
ion
I
tistaste
les
s,odou
rles
s,col
our
les
sg a
swhichisge
neral
l
yf ou
nd
wit
hintheeart
h'sat
mo s
pher
e.Thisnat
ura
lgasisbot
hvita
lt o Oxyg
en
su
stai
nhu manli
feandfir
e.
Thep
roc
essofj
oini
ngt
woo
rmo
remo
lec
ule
sfo
rmi
ngamo
re
Po
lyme
riz
ati
on
co
mpl
exmole
cul
e.
Thep
rep
ara
tio
nandg
athe
ringo
fma
ter
ial
stos
tar
taf
ir
e. Pl
ant
Thep re
ssur
eme as
urementus
ual
lyu
sedfo
rpumppre
ssure
,no
z z
le
pre
ssure,f
ric
tio
nlossandpr
essu
rel
oss
esina
ppl
ia
nces,ho
seand 39PSI
hydra
nts.
Theo
rig
ino
fthewo
rd“
fi
re”whi
chme
ansg
lowi
nge
mbe
r. Pyr
a
Thec
hemi
calp
roc
esswhe
reb
yfi
rec
ons
ume
smo
sts
oli
ds. Pyr
olys
is
Thechemi
cal
sthatwil
lno
tig
nit
eorrea
ctvi
ole
ntl
yonco
ntactwit
h
Pyr
opho
ric
s
ai
roroxyg
en.Itmustbemai
nta
ine
dundera
niner
tat
mosphe
r e
.
Amodeo
fheatt
rans
ferwhe
nene
rgyt
rave
lst
hro
ughma
ter
ial
sand
Ra
dia
tio
n
s
pac
easwave
s.
Exp
lai
nSe
condd
egr
eeb
urn I
tisa
ninj
urywhe
rei
nthehe
ato
rfi
reha
spe
net
rat
edd
eep
lyi
ntot
hes
kin.
Thefi
res
cenei
ss ub
divi
dedintoar
easorsec
tor
s;abui
l
dingdi
vid
ed
i
ntor
oomsorfl
oorse ac
hfir
e manorof
fi
cerist
hena
ssigne
dtoa s
ect
ors
ear
ch
sp
eci
fi
csear
chare
a.
I
tisi
mp o
rta
ntwhenco
rre
lat
edwiththetypeo
fa l
arm,thet
ime
s
izeo
ffi
re
r
ecei
vedandthet
imeofa
rri
valo
ft hef
ir
s t5app
aratu
s.
Thi
srefer
stomat
terma
deu pofver
yf i
nesol
idp
art
icl
esa
nd
Smo
ke
co
ndens
edvapo
urasaresu
ltofcombus
tio
n.
Ane xpe
rienc
edinve
sti
gat
orwi
lldet
ermi
nethevo
lumeofs
mo ke
i
nvolve
da ndthechar
act
erasr
e s
idu
esdepo
sit
edonwal
lsor s
mokema
rks
el
sewhere.
Thisstageiswheref ir
eg l
owsa ndthec ombus
tibl
ema ter
ialssmold
er.
Fl
ame swo ul
dnotb evisi
bl
eb utalargeamo u
nto fcarbo
nmo noxi
dep r
odu
ced
Exp
lai
nSmo
lde
ringp
has
e
Thisisthereaso
nwhyma s
ksa r
ee ssent
iali
nfirefig
hting
.Att hi
sp oi
nt
bac
kd r
aftma yoccur,wherei
nthes uddenint
roduct
ionofo xyge
nwi th
su
pe r
heatedfue
lu nderpres
surewillcauseanexp l
osi
on.
Theburni
ngoflowgr
adeheavi
lyo
il
sorr
esi
nou
sta
rryma
ter
ial
swi
th
So
ot
su
ffi
ci
entairf
ormsl
ampbla
ck.
Itr
efer
stoa nyfla
sho rsparkle
so fl
ig
hta ndmayo ri
gi
natefro
m
near
byfir
es,chimney's
,etc.Ac ommont ypeoffi
reresul
tsfrom
Sp
arks
near
byfie
ldb r
usha ndwoodf i
reswhicharefreq
uentl
ycausedfrom
spa
rksandca r
eles
sb urni
ngo ftra
sh,l
eavesando t
herdebri
s.
I
tisthepro
ces
sofcat
chi
ngf
ir
easar
esu
lto
fhe
atg
ene
rat
edb
y
s
pont
ane
ousc
omb
ust
ion
i
nte
rnalc
hemic
ala
cti
on.
Thep
roces
so fi
ncr
eas
ingt
het
emp
era
tur
eofama
ter
iala
sar
esu
lto
f
s
pont
ane
oushe
ati
ng
sl
owoxi
dat
ion.
Que
sti
on
I
tre
fer
stoe
lec
tri
cale
ner
gya
tre
sto
rine
qui
li
bri
um.
Thisi
ndi
cat
estha
thu mids
ubst
ancesc
omeinco
nta
ctwi
thc
omb
ust
ibl
e
su
bsta
nceseva
porat
eb 4dsub
stanc
ebegi
nstob
urn
Thedet
erminat
ionwhet
hert
hefi
rehasbeend
eli
ber
ate
lyc
aus
edb
yme
anso
f
el
ect
ri
calover
loadus
ingana
ppa
ratu
sc a
ll
edTHAMAC.
I
tre
fer
stot
heno
rma
lmo
veme
nto
rpa
tte
rno
ffi
re,s
mokea
ndf
ir
ega
ses
.
Theme a
sureoft
herat
eoffl
owo
fhe
at,t
hro
ughu
nita
reao
fthema
ter
ialwi
th
uni
tte
mp er
atu
regra
die
nt.

Exp
lai
nThi
rdDe
gre
eBu
rn.

Ad
evi
ceu
sedt
osp
rea
dthef
ir
ethr
oug
hou
tthes
tru
ctu
re.
Thei
nca
nde
sce
ntg
ase
sha
vingu
nst
ead
yandi
rre
gul
arwhi
rl
s.
Theseareof
tens
etb ypa
irso
rgr
oupofboysori
nt hep
rese
nceo
fot
her
sfr
oma
pee
rg r
oup.Thepre
senc
eo ft
heg
roupenc
oura
gestheact
.
Thesys
tema
ticr
emova
lo fs
mo kef
rom abui
ldi
ng.Vent
il
ati
onisusua
ll
yac
comp
li
she
d
wit
honeoftwomet
hods;po
sit
ivea
ndne g
ati
vep r
ess
ureventi
la
tio
n.

Wha
tisne
gat
ivep
res
sur
eve
nti
la
tio
n?

Wha
tisp
osi
ti
vep
res
sur
eve
nti
la
tio
n?

Wha
tisave
rti
cals
haf
t?
I
ndi
cat
est
hep
res
enc
eofp
hos
pho
rou
sinap
art
icu
larf
ir
einc
ide
nt.
Cess
ati
onf
romu seo
fpsyc
hoact
ivesub
sta
ncep
revi
ous
lya
bus
ed,o
ronwhi
cht
he
us
erhasdeve
lop
eddrugdepe
ndence
.
Rega
rdl
essofwha
tdrugsareusedi
tcaus
essuc
hg rea
tcha
nge
sint
hep
hys
ica
l,
ps
ychol
ogi
cala
ndsoc
ialco
ndit
ionso
fthedep
endent
.
Aper
sonwit
hano
ver
powe
ringp
hys
ica
landp
syc
hol
ogi
calne
edt
ota
keap
art
icu
lar
s
ubs
tanc
e.

Wha
tist
heme
ani
ngo
fthewo
rdADMI
NISTER?

Thes
ea r
eferme
nte
dod
ist
il
le
dli
qui
dso
rdr
ugc
ont
aini
nge
tha
nola
ndi
nto
xic
ati
ng
su
bsta
nces.
Theuseofethylalc
oholorl
iqu
orinaquant
it
ya ndwit
haf r
equenc
ythatc
aus
est
he
i
ndi
vid
ualsi
gnifi
cantphys
iol
ogi
cal
,ps
ycho
logi
calorso
ciol
ogi
cald
ist
res
sor
i
mpai
rment.
Ape
rsonwhoha
se xp
erie
ncedp
hys
ica
l,ps
ychol
ogic
al,so
cialo
ro c
cupa
tiona
l
i
mpa
irmenta
saconseq
uence
sofha
bit
ual
,exce
ssiveconsumpt
ionofa
lcohol
.

Wha
tisa
lco
hol
ica
nonymo
us?

Wha
tisa
lco
hol
icd
epe
nde
nce
?

Anybeverag
eorcomp
ou nd,whet
herfe
rment
edorot
herwi
sewhi
chwi
llp
roduc
e
i
nto
xic
a t
ionorwhi
chconta
insinexc
essof1% o
fal
coho
landi
suseda
sab e
verag
e.
Thest
ateorcond
iti
onofap er
sonpro
d u
cedb
ydr
inki
ngi
nto
xic
ati
ngl
iq
uor
s
exc
ess
ivel
yandwithha
b i
tua
lfreq
uency.
Theseareusedfo
rnervoussyste
md epr
essantlo
calana
est
heti
csblo
ckner
vous
syst
em,genera
lanae
sthe
ticsactonthebra
int opro
duceagenera
li
zedf
eel
ingo
f
sens
ati
on,st
upororunco
nsciou
sness
.
Ad
rugt
hatt
end
stoc
urbt
hea
ppe
tit
e
Thedr
ugi nt
end
edt
ore
li
eves
ymp
tomso
fhe
art
bur
n,s
ours
toma
cha
nd/
ora
cid
i
ndi
ges
tio
ns .
Theindi
vid
ualsuf
fer
sphys
ica
lcompla
intsofva
ryi
ngdeg
re eashea
dache
,nause
a,
vomi
ting
,short
nessofb
rea
th,pa
lpi
tat
ion,mens
tru
ald
ysfunct
iona
ndinsomni
a.
Ap
ers
onwhoke
epst
hemo
neyf
rom whi
cht
hewi
nne
rist
obep
aid
.
Ag
amb
ler
'ss
langt
ode
not
eap
ers
onwhowi
ns.
Atypeo fal
cohol
is
m whereseve
r emedi
calco
mpli
cat
ionsoc
curs
ucha
sne
rve
i
rri
tat
ions,g
astr
icdis
tur
banc
esa ndci
rrhos
isoft
heli
ve r
.
Thewagi
ngmone
yo ranyobj
ecto
ra r
tic
leofval
ueorrep
res
ent
ati
veo
fva
lueu
pon
t
heres
ultofa
nygame,rac
esandothe
rs po
rtsc
onte
sts
.
I
tre
ferst
othedr
iedle
ave
sandf
lowe
rings
hoo
tso
fthec
anna
bisp
lantc
ont
aini
ng
s
mall
eramou
ntsofTHC.
Aprof
essi
ona
lswindl
erorg
ambler
,acha
rt,acards
harp
.Ag a
mb l
erwho
f
req
uentl
yracet
racksandgamb
li
ngpl
acesel
ect
ingthebes
toddsandof
fer
ing
t
helea
sthecan.
Theext
ort
ionbyt
hre
atst
oexposesomed
ero
gat
oryi
nfo
rma
tio
nab
outt
hevi
cti
m,
f
amil
yme mber
sorcl
osea
sso
cia
tes.
Ap l
acewher
eli
quo
rissol
dil
le
gal
ly;apl
acewhe
re
l
iq
uorissol
dwit
houtl
ic
ens
econtr
arytol
aw.
I
tre
fer
stoaho
useo
fpr
ost
it
uti
on.
I
tref
erst
opros
tit
ute
swhomakedat
ear
rang
eme
ntsvi
apho
nea
ndt
henp
rovi
des
s
ervi
cest
ocu
stomersatap
re-a
gre
edve
nue.
Agene
ralt
ermforanyo ft
hevar
iousp r
eparat
ionsofthehempp l
ant
,cannabis
s
ati
vaanduse
dint
erchange
abl
ewiththet er
m ma ri
jua
na.Theyrende
rsubstanti
al
i
ncr
easei
nthehear
tr a
te,bl
oods
hote yes,drymo ut
ha ndi
ncre
asedapp
e t
it
e.
I
tistheunce
r t
aint
yo ft
her
esu
ltoft
hegameorwhentheout
comeoftheg
ame
i
sinc
a p
abl
eo fcalc
ula
tio
nbyhuma
nreas
on,f
ores
ight
,sag
aci
tyorde
sig
n.
I
tisani
nst
ancewhe
ntheu
seo
fthec
hemi
calha
spr
odu
cedne
gat
iveo
rha
rmf
ul
c
onse
que
nces.

Exp
lai
nche
mic
ald
ive
rsi
on?

Oneoftheo
lde
sts
eda
tivehyp
not
icss
til
lus
edt
oda
yandwa
sfi
rsts
ynt
hes
ize
din
1862.
I
trefe
rstoapers
onwhof r
o mprol
ong
edandexces
siveuseofal
coho
li
c
b
everage
sfi
nal
lydeve
lop
sp hys
ica
landps
ycho
log
icalcha
ngesanddepend
enc
eto
a
lco
hol.
Anyfaci
li
tyuse
df ort
hei
ll
egalmanuf
act
ureofa
nyd
ang
ero
usd
ruga
nd/
or
cont
rol
le
dp r
ecurs
orande
ssenti
alche
mical
.

Wha
tisc
oca
ine
?

Wha
tisCo
dei
ne?

Thesubj
ecti
sstu
po rori
nacomat
osecondi
ti
on.Somet
imesi
tisd
iff
icu
ltt
o
di
ff
ere
nti
atet
hiscondi
ti
onwi
thot
herco
nd i
ti
onshavi
ngcoma.
Ap
ers
onwhoma
nag
eso
rca
rri
est
heg
amb
li
ngg
ame
.

Exp
lai
nco
nfi
rma
tor
yte
st.

Exp
lai
nCo
ntr
oll
edDe
li
ver
y.

I
tisc onvert
edint
oap hysi
calasso
cia
tedwi t
ha l
lpart
so ft
hebod
y,s
ymboli
c
oftheu nde
rlyi
ngconf
li
cts
,mo tordi
stur
b a
nces,impa
iredmove
mentpa
ral
ysi
s
wit
he xa mi
nati
onreve
ali
ngwi t
hnoo rgani
cb as
isfo
rs ympt
oms.
Opi
ate
ssometi
mesca
lle
dnar
cot
icsaregro
upofdru
gtha
tar
eus
edme
dic
all
y
tor
eli
evepa
in,bu
thaveahi
ghpote
ntia
lfora
bus
e.
Ahighl
ya d
dict
ivec
rysta
ll
inefo
rmo fc
oca
inec
ont
aini
ngremnant
so f
hyd
rochl
ori
de,andsod
iumb i
carb
ona
tewhi
chemit
sac ra
ckl
ingsoundwhe
n
smoked.
Anya
cto
fknowing
lypl
ant
ing,g
rowi
ng,r
ais
ingorpe
rmi
tt
ingthepl
anti
ng,
gr
owi
ngorr
ais
ingofa
nyplantwhi
chist
hes o
urc
eofadange
rousdru
g.
Anoff
icet
hatp
romulg
atesrul
esa
ndr
egu
lat
ionsa
sma
ybene
ces
sar
ytoc
arr
y
ou
tthelawondang
erousdr
ug.
I
tref
erstoape
r s
on'
sac
tofkno
wing
lyp
ass
ingad
ang
ero
usd
rugt
oano
the
r
p
ers
onp e
rso
nal
ly.
I
tisal
soknownasd i
veo rr
esort
.Itre
ferstoap l
acewher
ea nydanger
ous
d
rugand/
orcontr
oll
edp r
ecu
rsorandessent
ialc
hemica
lisadmini
ste
red
,
d
eli
ver
ed,st
oredforil
le
galpur
poses
,dist
rib
uted,s
oldorus
edi nanyfor
m.
I
tissi
milartoal
coholi
nitseff
ecttoman,smalla
mou
ntswoul
dpr
oduce
c
almnessandrel
axedmu s
cle
swhi l
eexc
e s
st he
reo
fwoul
dle
adtoal
ter
ed
p
ercep
tion,s
tag
geringgai
tandslur
reds
p ee
ch.
Ap
roc
esso
fwi
thd
rawi
ngap
ers
onf
roma
nad
dic
tives
ubs
tanc
einas
afea
nd
e
ffe
cti
vema nne
r,byt
her
emo
valo
fthet
oxi
corha
rmf
ule
ffe
ctso
fthe
a
ddict
ives
ubsta
nce
.
I
tre
ferstoa
nyac
tofgi
vingawa
y,s
ell
ingord
ist
ribu
t i
ngme
dic
ineo
rany
d
anger
ousdr
ugwi
thorwitho
utt
heus
eo fp
resc
rip
tion.
Thi
sist
heo
cca
sio
nalo
rse
lec
tivet
ypeo
fpr
ost
it
ute
.
I
tisanyche
micals
ub s
tanc
ewhi
chwhe
nint
rod
uce
dint
otheb
ody,p
rod
uce
s
c
hang
e si
nitsf
unct
ion.
Anyus
eofdru
gst ha
tcause
sphys
ica
l,ps
ychol
ogi
cal
,eco
nomic
,lega
lors
oci
al
har
mtothei
ndivi
dualu
serort
oothersa
ffe
cte
db ythedru
guser
.
Apersonwhoi sphysi
cal
lydependentononeo rmoreps ycho
-ac
tive
s
ubst
anc esorwhoselongter
mu s
eha sprod
ucedtole
ranc e
,whoha slo
st
c
ontro
lo verhisi
ntakeandwo u
ldma ni
fes
twi t
hdra
wa lsymp t
omsif
d
isc
ontinuanc
ewe retooccu
r.
as t
ateofc
hro
nicop e
rio
dicdi
sor
d e
rc ha
racte
riz
edbyt heco
mpul
si
veuseo
fa
su
b st
ancer
esu
lti
nginphysi
cal
,psycho
logi
calorsoc
ialharmtot
heuse
rand
conti
nue
dusedespi
teofharm.
I
tisate
rm whic
hreferstothest
a t
eofp hys
icalorps
ychi
cd e
p e
ndenceo
r
b
othondange
rousd
rugsa r
isi
nginap ers
o nfol
lowi
ngtheadmini
str
ati
onand
u
seofdrugsonaperi
odicorcont
inuou
sb asi
s.
Thisre
ferst
oonewhoisimpro
perl
yandil
le
gal
lyusesa
nynarco
tics
ubst
anc
e
notmoretha
nafewti
me sfo
rr e
asonofc
uri
osi
ty,p
eerpre
ssu
reo ro
the
r
re
a s
ons.
Theo
ngo
ingd
iss
oci
ati
onf
romt
heu
seo
fanyp
syc
ho-a
cti
ves
ubs
tanc
es.
Theu ni
ntenti
onalo
rinapprop
riat
euseofpre
scri
bedornonp r
escr
ibe
d
medic
iner es
ulti
ngintheimpair
edphys
ica
l,ment
al,e
mo t
iona
lo rs
ocia
lwe
ll
bei
ngo ftheuserisrefe
rredtoas
Themindisconf
use
d;thebe
havio
urisirr
egul
arandthemove
me nt
s
unc
ont
rol
le
d .Thespee
chist
hic
ka ndthebeha
vio
urisunco
ntr
oll
abl
e.
Thi
sre
f e
rst
oapers
onwhohabit
ual
lyta
kesoru
sea
nyi
nto
xic
ati
nga
lco
hol
ic
l
iqu
orandwhi
leu
ndert
he i
nfl
uenceofsuc
h

Wha
tisEc
sta
sy?

I
tisanya
cti
ont
ake
nbyac
onc
erne
dpe
rso
ntha
tre
move
sors
oft
enst
hene
gat
iveo
rha
rmf
ulc
ons
equ
enc
eso
fdr
ugu
seu
pondu
ser
.Ito
nlyma
kest
hi
wor
se.
Thi
sisder
ive
dfromthebai
ne;ismor
ethanathou
sandti
mesaspot
enta
s
mor
phinei
nitsa
nal
gesi
c,s
edati
veandre
spi
rat
orydepr
ess
ante
ffe
cts
.
The
sea
rer
ealp
rof
ess
iona
ltyp
eofp
ros
tit
ute
swhowo
rki
nre
gul
arho
use
sofp
ros
tit
uti
ono
rbr
othe
ls.
Aft
erarepe
ate
duseo
fp syc
hede
li
csadrugus
ermayexp
erie
nceafl
ashba
ckpheno
me non.Theu
ndesir
ablerec
urr
enc
eofad
rug
'se
ffe
ctwi
thnor
ece
n
dr
ugint
ake"co
nsu
mpt
ion"toexpl
ai
nal
ter
nat
iono
fone
'ssens
eofti
mea ndvi
sua
lil
lus
ionsandhal
lu
cinat
ions
.
The
sea
rep
uri
fi
edc
oca
inec
rys
tal
stha
tar
ecr
ushe
dands
moke
dtop
rovi
deamo
rep
owe
rfu
lhi
ght
hanc
oca
ine
.
TheEng
li
sht
ermo
f“t
agat
ari
”.
Thi
sre
fer
stoag
ameo
rsc
hemeo
fther
esu
ltwhi
chd
epe
ndsma
inl
yup
onc
hanc
eorha
zar
d.
Ad
evi
ceo
rap
par
atu
sde
sig
nedt
oca
rry-o
utt
hea
ctu
alg
amb
li
ng,f
ord
ete
rmi
ningwhe
the
rthep
laye
rist
owi
norl
ose
.
Anyotherf
rau
dul
ent
,de
c e
itf
ul,u
nfa
iro
rdi
sho
nes
tme
ans
,me
tho
d,ma
nne
rorp
rac
tic
eemp
loye
dfo
rthep
urp
oseo
finf
lue
nci
ngt
her
esu
ltso
fany
game
,r a
cesorsp
ort
scont
est.
Anyar
rang
ement
,s c
heme,c
ombina
tio
no ragre
eme ntbywhi
cht
her
esul
tofanyg
ame
,ra
ceso
rsp
ort
sco
nte
stss
hal
lbep
red
ict
eda
nd/
orkno
ws
ot
hert
hantheba
sisofho
nestp
layi
ngs ki
llo
rabil
it
yo fpl
aye
rso
rpa
rti
ci
pant
s.
Thei
nsc
rip
tio
nord
rawi
ngme
anso
nawa
llo
rst
ruc
tur
eandu
sedb
yde
li
nqu
ent
sfo
rga
ngme
ssa
gesa
ndt
urfd
efi
nit
ion.
Ap
ers
one
asi
lyd
ece
ive
des
pec
ial
l
yinc
roo
kedg
amb
li
ng.
Ana
tur
alo
rsynt
het
ics
ubs
tanc
est
hatp
rod
ucevi
vidd
iss
olu
tio
noft
hes
ens
ewi
tho
utg
rea
tlyd
ist
urb
ingc
ons
cio
usne
ss.
Ac
onc
ent
rat
edf
ormo
fca
nna
bisma
def
roma
nad
ult
era
tedr
esi
nfr
omt
hef
ema
lec
anna
bisp
lant
.
Ana
rco
ticma
def
romo
piu
mandt
heno
utwi
ths
uga
rands
omeo
the
rne
utr
als
ubs
tanc
esu
nti
liti
sonl
y1-4% p
ure
I
tpe
rta
inst
ohyp
nos
iso
rsl
eep
Ref
erstotheil
le
galcult
ivat
ion,cu
ltu
re,d
eli
ver
y,admi
nis
tra
tio
n,disp
ens
ati
on,ma
nufa
cture
,sal
e,t
rad
ing,tr
ans
porta
tio
n,d
ist
ri
but
ion,
i
mporta
tio
n,export
ati
ona ndp o
sse
ssio
nofanydang
ero
usd r
uga nd
/orco
ntr
oll
edpr
ecurs
orandess
ent
ialche
mical
.
I
tiso
the
rwi
sekno
wna
sma
rij
uana
,emb
rac
ese
ver
yki
nd,c
las
s,g
ene
sors
pec
ieso
fthep
lantCa
nna
biss
ati
va.
Thevol
ati
lel
iqu
idsthatgi
vesoffavapou
r,whic
hisinhal
edpro
duci
ngsho
rtter
me xci
tementa
nde u
phori
c,f
oll
owe
dbyap
eri
odo
fdi
sor
ient
ati
on.I
ts
ef
fec
tsi
nclud
ena u
sea,sne
ezing
,coug
hing,no
sebl
eed
sf a
tig
ue,l
ackofc
oordi
nat
ionandl
ossofapp
eti
te.
Ad
eli
nqu
entg
rou
ptha
tfi
ll
sac
rac
kint
hes
oci
alf
abr
ica
ndma
int
ains
tand
ardg
rou
ppr
act
ice
s.
I
tisagamef
ort
hed
ist
ri
but
iono
fpr
ize
sbyc
hanc
eamo
ngp
ers
onswhoha
vep
aido
rag
ree
dtop
ayava
lua
blec
ons
ide
rat
ionf
ort
hec
hanc
etoo
bta
in
apri
ze.
Thi
sre
fer
stoaap
ers
onwhos
etu
pandf
urni
she
stheme
answi
thwhi
cht
oca
rryo
ntheg
amb
li
ngg
ame
.
I
tme
anst
hep
rod
uct
ion,p
rep
ara
tio
n,c
omp
ound
ingo
rpr
oce
ssi
ngo
fad
ang
ero
usd
rug
.
Thi
sre
fer
stot
hos
est
imu
lant
stha
tinc
rea
sea
ler
tne
ss& i
ndu
ceas
ens
eofwe
llb
eing
.
Theper
s o
ni sa
rgu
ment
ati
vea
ndo
ver
conf
ide
nt.The
rei
sas
li
ghti
mpa
irme
nto
rme
nta
ldi
ff
icu
lti
es,d
iff
icu
ltyo
far
ti
cul
ati
on,l
ess
erc
oor
dina
tio
noff
ine
move
me nts
.
Thec
hie
fal
kal
oi
ding
red
iento
fop
ium,r
ang
ingf
rom 4-21% c
onc
ent
rat
ion.
Thi
sre
fer
stoa
nyd
rugwhi
chp
rod
uce
sins
ens
ibi
li
ty,s
tup
or,me
lanc
hol
ydu
ll
nes
sofmi
ndwi
thd
elu
sio
nandwhi
chma
ybeha
bitf
ormi
ng.
I
tisa
nyd r
ugtha
tind
ucessl
eeporstu
porandre
li
eve
spa
induetoi
tsde
pre
ssa
nte
ffe
cto
nthec
ent
ralne
rvo
uss
yst
em.Thet
erm na
rco
ticc
amef
rom
t
heGree
kwo r
dforsl
eep"na
rkot
iko
s"s o
meti
meskno
wnas"
opia
tes
".
Thi
spr
odu
cesa
nxi
ety,d
epr
ess
iono
rpho
bia
.
I
tre
fer
stot
hec
oag
ula
tedj
uic
eoft
heo
piu
mpo
ppy.
I
tme
ansa
nyp
arto
fthep
lanto
fthes
pec
iesPa
pave
rso
mni
fer
um i
ncl
udng t
hes
eed
sthe
reo
f.
Onewhoi
ndu
lge
sing
amb
li
ng,p
ros
tit
uti
on,d
opea
ndo
the
ril
le
galo
rdu
bio
usb
usi
nes
s.
Thei
nad
ver
tento
rde
li
ber
atec
ons
ump
tio
n.
Theo
ffi
cet
hatc
ont
rol
sga
mbl
ingg
ame
sli
kec
asi
no.
I
nAz
teci
tisas
pine
les
sca
ctu
swi
thas
mal
lbu
tto
nandal
ongc
arr
ot-l
iker
oot
.
I
tisap hys
iol
ogi
calst
ateofa
dap
tati
ontoadrugora
lco
ho lus
ual
lyc
har
act
eri
zedb
ythed
eve
lop
mento
fto
ler
anc
etod
ruge
ffe
ctsa
ndt
he
e
me r
genceofawi t
hdrawa
lsympt
omd u
ringp
rolo
ngabst
inenc
e.
Onewhoo
wnso
rma
nag
esho
use
sofi
ll
-re
fut
ewhe
ret
heb
usi
nes
sofp
ros
tit
uti
oni
sco
ndu
cte
d.I
tiss
ome
time
sca
ll
eda"
mad
am oma
mas
an"
Refer
stoa narrange
me nt,comb
ina
tio
n,s
che
meoragree
mentbywhicht
heskil
lorabil
it
yo ft
hepla
yerorthep
art
ici
panti
nagame,r
acesor
s
port
sc ont
est
stoma kep oint
sorscor
ess
hal
lbel
imi
teddel
ib
era
tel
yinor
dertoinf
lue
ncet her
esu
ltthe
reo
finfa
vourofoneoro
the
rteam,
p
laye
ro rpart
ici
pantthe
r e
in.
I
tistheuseo
ftwoormor
ep sycho
act
ives
ubs
tanc
einq
uant
it
iesa
ndwi
thf
req
uenc
iest
hatc
aus
ethei
ndi
vid
uals
igni
fi
cantp
hys
iol
ogi
cal
,ps
ycho
log
ica
lo
s
oci
ol
o g
ica
ldi
str
esso
rimp
air
me nt.
I
tist
heu
neq
uala
mou
ntd
uet
othewi
nne
r.
Ap
ers
onwhoc
all
sandt
ake
sca
reo
fbe
tsf
romo
wne
rsa
ndb
ett
ors
;ab
ett
ake
r.
I
tisals
oknownascoddl
erwhichref
erstoanype
rsonwhokno wi
nglyandwilf
ull
yc o
nsentst
otheu nl
awf
ulact
sa nduse
shis/
heri
nfl
uenc
e,powe
r
o
rp o
sit
ioni
nshi
eld
ing
,harb
o u
ring,s
cree
ningorf
aci
li
tat
ingthees
c a
peofa nypers
onhe /
sheknows,orhasrea
sonabl
egrou
ndstobel
ie
veo no
r
s
uspect
s,ha
svio
lat
edthedangero
usdrugacti
norde
rtop re
ventthear
r e
st,pro
secuti
onandconvi
ctio
nofthevio
lat
or.
I
tissomet
imesknownasmindexpand
erso
rha
ll
uci
nog
ens
;the
sed
rug
saf
fec
tap
ers
on’
spe
rce
pti
on,a
war
ene
ssa
nde
mot
ionsa
ndc
ana
lso
c
ausehal
lu
cina
tio
nsaswel
lasil
lus
ions.
I
tisc
omp
let
elyg
rou
ndl
ess
;fa
lsep
erc
ept
ions
.
I
tme
ansmi
si
nte
rpr
eta
tio
nso
fre
ali
tyo
rso
met
hingi
mag
ine
d.
Of
tendescr
ibeda
spsyc
hot
rop
ic"
minda
ffe
cti
ng"o
rmi
nda
lte
ringd
rug
,ap
syc
hoa
cti
ved
rugi
sac
hemi
cals
ubs
tanc
etha
tcha
nge
sone
'st
hinki
ng,f
eel
in
pe
rcep
tio
nsa ndb
eha
vio
ur.
Thee
mot
iona
lst
ateo
fcr
avi
ngad
ruge
ithe
rfo
rit
spo
sit
ivee
ffe
cto
rtoa
voi
dthene
gat
ivee
ffe
ctsa
sso
cia
tedwi
thi
tsa
bse
nce
.
Thi
sref
erstoaper
sonwhosel
ls
,ad
mini
ste
rs,d
eli
ver
sorg
ive
sawa
ytoa
not
her
,ona
nyt
ermswha
tso
eve
rord
ist
ri
but
es,d
isp
atc
hesi
ntr
ans
ito
r
t
rans
por
tsanyda
ngero
usdru
gs.
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udesself
-induc
ingsedat
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bit
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herdr
u gwhic
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,suchasBenzedr
ineorDexedr
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hp rod
ucesa
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gicalact
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amineandhypno
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ualo
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raz
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ompoundpro
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ar
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olo
gicaleff
ect
s .
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ateo
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Ther
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rio
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ess
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yst
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ang
ero
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,whe
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rfo
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ter
ialc
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ide
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Sha
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Thed
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ylit
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tesa
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Thi
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y;UPPERS,SPEED,PEPPI
LLSi
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it
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otheu
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uana
.Iti
sal
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ini
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nti
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.
Oneo
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omp
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mic
all
ysi
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thmo
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ine
.
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dapta
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cto
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sht
hee
ffe
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t
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aseddos
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tre
fer
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chi
nef
orr
egi
ste
ringa
ndi
ndi
cat
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henu
mbe
randna
tur
eofb
etsi
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rser
ace
s.
Thee
ffe
cto
fat
oxi
corp
ois
ono
usr
eac
tio
ndu
etoo
ver
dos
eac
comp
ani
est
heu
seo
fanyd
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.
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heill
egalt
raff
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ngofdangerousdru
ga nd
/orc
ont
rol
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rsorsa
nde s
s e
nti
alc
hemi
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lect
roni
cdevi
ces
su
cha s
,b utnotl
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sages
,e mai
l,mobi
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Msa ndchatr
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okerinanyofsuc
h
t
rans
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yo ranyotherconsi
der
atio
n.
I
tre
li
eve
sunc
omf
ort
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eemo
tio
nalf
eel
ing
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edu
cinga
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romo
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ela
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ic
ati
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anedproce
du r
e st
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ourt
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alt
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I
tisa
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le
galc
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ight
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uct
edo
nad
ayo
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itno
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tt
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w.
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egr
eeo
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cat
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ret
hemi
ndi
sco
nfu
seda
ndd
iso
rie
nte
d.
I
tist
heb
eto
rco
nsi
der
ati
onp
lac
edo
nga
mbl
ingg
ame
s.
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tisrel
ate
dtothiamined
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ci
enc
ywhichischa
ract
eriz
edbytot
albe
wil
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menta
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sor
ienta
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n,par
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hythmi
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heeyeb
all
s,l
ossofmusc
ularcoo
rdi
nat
iona
nddis
eas
esoft
hep e
riphera
lne
rves.
Thet
ermo
fte
nus
edf
ora
llt
ype
sofp
ros
tit
ute
s.
Thec
ess
ati
ono
fdr
ugo
ral
coho
lus
edb
yani
ndi
vid
uali
nwho
mde
pend
enc
eise
sta
bli
she
d.
Theons
etofapre
d i
ctab
lec o
nst
ell
ati
ono fsi
gnsandsymp
tomsi
nvo
lvi
nga
lte
reda
cti
vit
yoft
hec
ent
ralne
rvo
uss
yst
ema
fte
rthea
bru
pt
di
sco
nti
nua
tio
noftheintakeofanaddic
tivesub
stanc
e.
Ashor
tsummar
yo falo
ngar
ti
cleu
singt
hewo r
dso
ftheo
rig
ina
lar
ti
cl
e.I
nma
nyi
nst
anc
es,t
hes
umma
ryi
swr
it
teni
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fwr
it
ers
ucha
sth
a
bst
ract
ormaynotus
etheword
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gi
nal
.
Ther
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hou
ldg
ivee
xac
tinf
orma
tio
nfo
rther
ead
ert
oac
tco
rre
ctl
yandj
ust
if
iab
ly.
I
tisat
ypeo
fco
rre
spo
nde
ncet
owhi
cho
ffi
cesa
ndp
ers
onne
lsu
bsc
rib
eto
.
Ar
epo
rto
nthea
cti
ont
ake
nonas
pec
iala
ssi
gnme
ntg
ive
n.
Theauthor
izedreci
pientofawr
it
tenc
ommu
nic
ati
on,u
sua
ll
yau
tho
riz
eda
bbr
evi
ati
oni
sus
edt
oind
ica
tet
hec
omma
ndi
ngo
ffi
cero
rhe
ado
fano
ffi
ce
oruni
tb yhisti
tl
ea ndrank.
The
sea
rewo
rdso
fop
pos
iteme
ani
ng.
a
lsokno
wna
sbe
ati
nsp
ect
ionr
epo
rt
I
tisu
sedt
odo
cume
ntt
hee
vent
stha
ttr
ans
pir
edi
ncr
imi
nala
ppr
ehe
nsi
on.
Thi
sisar
epo
rtt
hatu
sest
hef
orma
tofama
gaz
inea
rti
cl
e.I
tsp
urp
osei
stoi
nfo
rmt
hep
ubl
ico
fthe
irp
rog
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nti
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ove
rie
s
I
tpr
ese
ntsb
rie
fsu
mma
ryo
fthea
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cl
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ont
ento
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cl
e.I
tsva
lve
sandr
ele
vanc
etohu
mane
xpe
rie
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oci
ety
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ers
ono
rof
fi
ceo
rof
fi
cerwhone
edst
oat
tendt
othec
ommu
nic
ati
on.
I
tre
fer
stot
her
ead
ero
fther
epo
rt.
I
tisac
oll
ect
iono
fso
urc
eso
finf
orma
tio
nar
rang
eda
lpha
bet
ica
ll
ybyt
hea
utho
roft
heb
ookp
lac
edi
nthee
nd.
The _
__s
hou
ldb
esho
rts
imp
lea
ndc
onc
ise
.
Sho
rt,b
rie
f,s
imp
le,s
ent
enc
es;nova
guewo
rds
,nos
eemi
ngl
yve
rbst
hatg
iveo
the
rme
ani
ngs
.
Theint
er-o
ffi
cecommu
nic
atio
nd ea
li
ngwi
tho
ffi
ci
alma
tte
rs.I
tisi
nte
rpr
ete
dint
hes
imp
les
twa
yandme
ssa
gei
sbo
il
ed
downtothefewe
stwor
dp os
sibl
e.
Thed
eta
il
sus
edt
odo
cume
ntt
hed
isp
osi
ti
ono
fac
rimi
nalc
ase
.
I
tisals
oknownasfac
tshe
ets.I
tisare
portwhi
chi
ncl
ude
sther
esu
lto
fthep
rel
imi
nar
yinve
sti
gat
ion,s
usp
ect
s’i
dent
it
y,d
esc
rip
tio
n,mo
duso
per
and
i,
e
vide
ncecol
lec
teda
ndinju
rie
stothevi
cti
m.
Thi
sisal
ett
erwr
it
tent
oexp
res
sdi
ssa
tis
fac
tio
nwi
thg
ood
s,s
ervi
ceso
rco
mmu
nic
ati
onsr
ece
ive
dbyt
hep
ers
onsc
onc
erne
d.
Af
lat
ter
ingr
ema
rk.
Na
meo
fof
fi
cet
owhi
chac
opyo
fthel
ett
eri
sse
ntf
ori
nfo
rma
tio
n.
I
ttypi
cal
lyinc
lud
est
hel
oca
tio
noft
hea
cti
vit
y,a
mou
nto
fti
mes
pent
,thena
meso
fthep
ers
onsi
nvo
lve
dandb
rie
f
d
ispo
sit
ion.
I
tre
fer
stot
hema
nne
rofs
pea
king
,enu
nci
ati
ona
ndp
rop
erc
hoi
ceo
fwo
rd.
I
tisar
epo
rtwr
it
tenb
othi
nte
chni
calEng
li
sha
ndEng
li
shf
ort
hel
ayma
nisc
all
edd
oub
ler
epo
rtf
orm.
Arepo
rtmus
tbeus
edforwhatitisi
nte
nde
d.I
tmu
stno
tco
nta
ino
the
rsu
bje
ctma
tte
rtowa
rra
nti
tsva
lvef
ora
not
herp
roj
ect
.Yo
uha
vet
oma
kea
s
epa
rater
epo
rtf
orano
thers
ubje
c t
.
I
tma ybeas
pec
ifi
cexa
mina
tio
nre
por
tonas
pec
ifi
cpr
obl
em,p
roj
ecta
nds
yst
emo
rop
era
tio
n.I
tist
heo
net
hatp
res
ent
sinf
orma
tio
nus
eda
sba
sisf
o
a
cti
on.
Thesear
etheexactr
epr
odu
c t
ionoftheor
igi
nalart
icl
eandma
ybeu
seda
spa
rto
fto
url
onga
rti
cl
eorr
epo
rt.Thee
xtr
actu
sua
ll
yst
reng
the
nsyo
ur
poi
ntofdi
scu
ssi
onsmaki
ngitfact
ualandau
thent
ic.
Thedet
ail
edac
cou
nto ft
hec
oll
ect
iona
ndp
res
erva
tio
nofe
vid
enc
eob
tai
neda
tthec
rimes
cenei
ndi
cat
inga
mongo
the
rsq
uant
it
y,q
ual
it
yoft
hee
vid
enc
andt
hechaino
fcust
ody.
Thi
sismu
chl
ong
era
ndmo
red
eta
il
edr
epo
rtt
hanap
rop
osa
l.I
tar
gue
sonac
ert
aina
dva
nta
geo
rvi
abi
li
ty,a
ppl
ic
abi
li
tyo
fop
era
tio
n.
Thecol
le
cti
onofi
nfo
rma
tio
nwhe re
inwr
it
erd
esc
rib
esc
are
ful
lyt
hee
vent
s.Thi
sma
ybea
nana
lys
iso
fthep
rob
lem,ac
rime
,
anac
cide
nt,as
yst
em,oroper
ati
on.
I
tist
hef
il
ere
fer
enc
e.
Thea
utho
r,t
it
leo
ftheb
ook,p
agee
tc.
Thisrep
orti
sd oneb
ythewrite
rbyju
stf
il
li
ngu pt
heinf
ormati
ona
ske
dfo
rbyt
hef
orm.Thi
sist
hee
asi
estwa
yandt
he
r
outi
nejobdoneint
heoff
ice
.Thismayb
ec al
le
dinsi
derepo
rt.
I
tus
ual
lyc
ont
ainst
hef
oll
owi
ng:i
ntr
odu
cti
on,b
ody,s
umma
ry,c
onc
lus
iona
ndr
eco
mme
nda
tio
n.
Ther
epo
rtmu
stb
eus
ede
ithe
rno
wori
nthef
utu
re.I
tisar
epo
rtwi
tho
utu
set
oda
yors
ome
time
sla
teri
sau
sel
essr
epo
rt.I
tdo
esno
tha
veva
luea
t
I
tre
fer
stot
hef
ir
stb
asi
cst
epi
nwr
it
ingp
oli
cer
epo
rt.
I
tco
ntainsa
dmi
nis
trat
iveinst
ruct
ionswhic
haread
vis
ory,d
ire
cto
ryori
nfor
ma t
iveinna
tur
e,g
ene
rali
nap
pli
cat
iona
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erma
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ndu
rat
iona
ndr
equ
c
ompl
iancebyo
ro b
servancefro
mo ri
nfo
rmat
ionoft
heemplo
yeesa
ndthegeneral
p
ubl
ic
.
Thi
sre
fer
stot
hef
ormso
fwo
rdsa
ndt
hei
rar
rang
eme
nti
nse
nte
nce
s.I
tisas
yst
emo
fru
lesi
nwr
it
inga
nds
pea
kingal
ang
uag
e.
Thi
sre
fer
stowo
rdswi
ths
imi
la
rso
und
sbu
twi
thd
iff
ere
nts
pel
li
nga
ndme
ani
ng.
Thec
api
tall
ett
erso
fthel
ett
ers
end
er,s
mal
lle
tte
roft
heo
newhoe
nco
dedo
rtyp
edt
hel
ett
er.
Thea
cco
unt
sandd
eta
il
sofe
vent
sno
tamo
unt
ingt
oac
rime
.
Ar
epo
rtt
hatmu
stg
ivene
winf
orma
tio
nab
outt
hes
ubj
ect
.Itmu
stg
ivea
ddi
ti
ona
lkno
wle
dget
owha
tyo
ual
rea
dykno
w.
Ther
epo
rto
nwha
torho
wtot
akea
cti
ono
nami
ssi
ont
ake
n.
I
tre
adi
lyi
nfo
rmst
her
ead
era
bou
tthena
tur
eofp
oli
cer
epo
rta
ndi
tss
ubj
ect
.
Thi
sre
fer
stot
hena
me,a
ddr
ess
,ofaf
ir
morp
ers
onp
rint
eda
sahe
adi
ngo
nas
hee
tofp
ape
r.
I
tco
nta
insr
out
inei
nst
ruc
tio
ns;i
tsa
ffe
cti
vit
yisu
sua
ll
ytwoye
arsu
nle
sss
oone
rre
sci
nde
dors
upe
rse
ded
.
Thi
sre
fer
stot
hei
nst
ruc
tio
nss
enti
nthef
ormo
fac
orr
esp
ond
enc
etot
hep
ers
onc
onc
erne
d.
Thewo
rdst
hatj
oint
hei
deao
fap
revi
ousp
ara
gra
pht
oano
the
r.
Thisissu
ancede
alswi
ths
ubj
ect
ssu
cha
sexp
lana
tio
norc
las
sif
ica
tio
nso
fce
rta
inr
ule
s/r
egu
lat
ionswhi
cha
rec
omp
li
edwi
tho
ute
xec
ute
dby
su
bo r
dinat
es.
Thi
sa dmini
stra
tiveis
sua
ncei
nfo
rmst
hema
jor
it
yofap
art
icu
lard
ire
cto
rat
eoro
ffi
ceo
nlya
ndno
rint
end
edf
ort
hos
e
per
sonnelinthef i
el
d.
Theyrefe
rtoi
nter
nalinstr
ucti
onswhi
cha
rer
egu
lat
oryi
nna
tur
e,ma
nda
tor
yinc
har
act
era
ndi
tca
ll
sfo
rde
fini
te
co
mp l
ia
ncebytheper
so nnel
.
I
tisa
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ratenar
rat
ionoffact
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edi
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our
seo
fani
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ir
e
4.Di
rect
ionoftravel
5.Loc
ati
ono ffl
ame
6.Odour
s
1.Pr
ivacy
Thei
dea
lre
qui
reme
ntso
fthei
nte
rro
gat
ion 2.Si
mp li
ci
ty
ro
om 3.Se
atinga r
range
ment
s
4.Technica
laids–pro
sec
uto
rs
1.Domi
nateinte
rvi
ew
2.Nodist
rac
tingma nneri
sms
3.Appr
opri
atelang
u age
At
ti
tud
eso
fthei
nte
rro
gat
or
4.Pr
operdresscode
5.Pr
eli
minar
yc onduct
6.Pr
esenceofotherp e
rsonss
hou
ldb
eli
mit
ed
1.Emo tio nala ppea l
-a nacto randp racti
c alp s
yc holog
ist
s
2.Symp athe ti
c-l istent osu bject’
sstoryt heno f
fera ct
s
ofkind ne s s
3.Fr i
e nd liness
*helpf
u la dvisor-inve s
t i
gatora ctsa saf ri
e ndo fthe
subjecta ndt ryt oa d
vi sethes u
b j
ect
*symp a the ti
cb rothe r
*extenu a ti
o n-getac ha ncet og i
vet hed etail
so ft he
unfortuna t einc i
dent
*shif
tingt heb l
ame -i
nc ide
ntc anha ppentoa nyone
*mu t& j e f
*creatingo rincrea si
ngt hef ee l
ingo fanxiety 
Te
chni
que
sinc
ond
uct
ingt
hei
nte
rro
gat
ion
*exagg er atingf ear-hiss il
enc ema ya f
fecthisl ove dones
*greaterol esserg ui
lt-Iami nterestedinmi no ro nes
*l
ine-u p
*revers el ine-u p
*bluf
fo ns pli
tp ai
r
4.Ster nme thod-s tri
ctj udi
c iousac t
*pretenc eo fp hysicale vidence
*jol
ti
ng - a ppeara sve ryr ageo nc alms ubjects
*i
nd i
ffer enc e-d i
scu ssag r
e aterc ri
mei fju st
icec an’tbe
att
ained
*questioni ng
*aff
ord ingo p
p ort
u nit
yt oli
e -throwp ada ndp encil
1.Recor
dt hedate,arrivalti
mea ndweat
hercond
iti
on
2.Arra
ng eforme di
cala t
tenti
on.Eacha
lte
rat
ionshoul
d
berecor
d ed
Thest
epst
obef
oll
owe
dup
ona
rri
vala
tthe 3.Apprehendtheo f
fenderifthereis
sc
ene 4.Prot
ectthes c
ene
5.Recor
dt hename so fallperso
nswhoma ybea
wit
nessa ndsepar
a t
ethe m.
6.Conductprel
iminaryq uest
ioni
ngofwi
tness
1.Murder
2.Homici
de
3.Robber
y
Ca
sest
obei
nve
sti
gat
edb
ySOCO 4.Rapewithhomi c
ide
5.Arso
n
6.
Otherheino
usa ndsens
ati
ona
lca
sesa
sdi
rec
tedb
y
hi
gherheadquar
ters
1.Teamleader
2.Ass
isttea
ml e
ader
3.Phot
ographer& photo
gra p
hiclo
gre
cor
der
Co
mpo
sit
iono
ftheSOCOt
eam 4.Sket
cher/
me asure
r
5.Evi
dencer e
corder/
cust
od i
an
6.Evi
dencer e
coverypersonnel
7.Dri
ver/
secretar
y
Sket
chesa
reno
tsu
bst
it
utef
orno
tesa
nd
YES
pho
tos
1.Sketc
ho floc
ali
ty-give
sp i
ctu
reofthesce
ne ,t
he
envi
ronment,nei
ghbour
ingbui
ldi
ngareimpo
rtantasan
ai
dind et
ermini
ngifthefir
eisc a
use
db ynear
b yobj
ect
s
Sp
eci
fi
cki
ndso
fske
tch
2.Ske
tcho
fgr
ound
s-wi
thne
are
stp
hys
ica
lsu
rro
und
ing
s

3.s
ket
cho
fde
tai
ls
-sc
eneo
nly
1.Measurements
2.Comp a
ssd i
rec
tio
n
3.Es
s e
ntiali
tems
El
eme
ntso
fske
tchi
ng
4.Sc
a l
ep rop
orti
on
5.Legend
6.Ti
tle
1.Pict
ori
alr
epr
esent
ati
ono ft
hea
ppe
ara
ncea
ndp
osi
ti
on
oftheobj
ect
satthescene
Pu
rpo
seso
fpho
tog
rap
h
2.Su
ppo
rtst
het
est
imo
nyo
fthewi
tne
sse
s
Therequi
rement
stobeobs
ervedbythe 1.Mater
ialandrel
evant
i
nvest
iga
tortoensu
read
missi
bi
li
tyof 2.Shoul
dno tund
ulyindu
cep
rej
udi
ceo
rsymp
athi
zed
pho
togr
aphs 3.Fre
ef romdist
ort
ion
1.Incorre
ctp oi
ntofvi
ew-o bscur
ee ss
ent
iali
temsa nd
emp has
izeothers
Fo
rmso
fdi
sto
rti
onsi
npho
tog
rap
hs 2.Pe r
specti
ve-improp
err el
ati
onshi
pofthefocall
ength
ofthelenses,vi
ewingdis
tanceandtil
ti
ngofthep l
ateor
l
ensb oard
1.Over-all
2.Deceased
3.Arti
clesofevi
dence
ki
ndso
fpho
tog
rap
hs
4.Speci
altechni
ques
5.Envi
r o
nme nt
6.Bodya ft
erremoval
1.Id
ent i
tyo fthep hotographwitht
heo
ffe
nse
2.Id
ent i
tyo fthep hotographer
3.Id
ent i
fyc ame r
ap o
sit
ion
4.Datea ndho ur
Es
sent
ialp
hot
ogr
aphi
cda
ta 5.Lighta ndwe atherc o
nd i
tio
n
6.Typ ea ndma keo fc a
m
7.Focalle ngt
h
8.
Datar eg ar
dingd evel
oping
9.
Chaino fc usto
dy
1.Co
rpu
sd el
ic
ti
2.As
soc
iat
iveevi
denc
e-FP,s
hoei
mpr
ess
ions
ki
ndso
fphys
ica
levi
denc
e
3.t
rac
inge
vid
enc
e-a
ssi
sti
nlo
cat
ingt
hes
usp
ect
1.We ap
o ns
2.Blo
od
3.Impri
nt sorimpr
essi
ons
7ma
jorg
rou
pso
fevi
denc
e 4.Marksa ndtool
s
5.Dir
ta nddu s
ttrac
es
6.QD
7.Transferofevi
dence
Bl
oodmi
ghtb
eco
ll
ect
edb
y Pi
pet
teo
rco
tto
nswa
pwi
thc
ont
aine
r
Al
levi
dencemu
stb
eta
gge
dbe
for
e
YES
su
bmis
sion.
Thispert
ainstotheproces
sb ywhi
ch
evi
denceishandled
,trans
ferre
dand
c
hai
nofc
ust
ody
acc
o u
ntedforbetweenthetimeofdi
sco
ver
y
andthedispos
iti
onofthecase
1.Sofra
gil
e
Thep
urp
oseo
fpr
ote
cti
ngp
hys
ica
levi
denc
e
2.Cou
rtp r
ese
nta
tio
nwi
tho
uta
lte
rat
ion
1.Arti
cl
emu stb
ep ro
perl
yidenti
fi
ed.
Thethr
eeimpor
tantfac
tor
sinthe
2.Conti
nui
tyorchai
no fcus
todymu s
tbep
rove
d
i
ntr
oduct
iono
fphysic
alevi
denc
ed ur
ingt
ri
al
3.co
mp ete
ncymu s
tbep r
oved
Summaryhab
its
,te
chni
que
sandp
ecu
li
ari
ti
eso
f
be
havi
ours
Mo
dusOp
era
ndi
Me
tho
dofo
per
ati
ona
ndt
het
ool
sus
ed

o
nlya
sana
idi
nthei
nve
sti
gat
ion
1.Ti
meo fattack
2.Pr
opert yatt
a c
ked
3.Pe
rsona t
tacked
4.Howt hea tt
ackedwa sdone
Modusope
randii
sobt
aine
dfr
omt
he
5.Meanso fattack
f
oll
owingi
nfor
mati
on:
6.Obj
ecto fattack
7.Tra
d e
ma r
ko rp ec
uli
ari
ty
8.Whatt hesus p
ectsai
d
9.Tra
nsp orta
tionused
Op
por
tuni
tyma
ybed
edu
cedf
rom 1.Thes
usp
ectc
oul
dha
veb
eeni
nthevi
ci
nit
y
2.Knowledg
eofcri
mina
lob
jec
tive
s
3.Abs
e nc
eo fa
li
bi
.
1.Topresentf
ir
sthandknowl
edg
eoffa
c t
stothe
Ro
leso
finve
sti
gat
ori
ntr
ial pro
secut
ionandtothecour
tbypres
ent
ingthematt
ers
i
nvest
iga
ted.
1.Revi
ewa llno t
esa ndr eports
2.Revi
ewa dmi ssi
bil
ityo fhise vi
dence
3.Conf
erwi thp ros
e cuti
onc onc e
rninghisr
olei
ntr
ial
St
epsinprep
ari
ngat
ri
al
;ther
oleo
fan
4.Checkwhe theralle vi
d e
nce sa r
er ea
dyfor
i
nves
tig
ato
r
pre
senta
tion
5.Knowt heve nue
6.Prep
arevisu al
sa ndc harts
1.We a
rp r ope
ra tti
re.
2.Don’
td iscussthec asei npubli
c
3.Don’
td iscusspe rso
na lli
fe
4.TreatPe oplewi threspect
5.Observep unctuali
ty
Thei
nve
sti
gat
ora
sawi
tne
ss
6.Avoidc ontactwi t
ht hed ef
ender& acc
u s
ed
7.Answe rq uest
ionsa skedd ur
ingpre
sentat
ionandno
ot
her
8.Presente vi
denceo bjecti
vely
9.Don’
tg ivep ers
o nalop i
nio
nu nl
essaskedbythecou
rt
I
tisaq u a
nti
tat
ivetec
hniq
uewhe r
eby
el
eme nt
sinas amplearepla
cedinavapo
ur
a
tomi
cab
sor
pti
ons
pec
tro
pho
tome
ter
st
ate,whichall
owsthemt obeanal
yze
dby
meanso fafl
ame .
Theinvisi
bl
elightbeyondthereds pe
c t
rum
whic
hi susedintemp erat
ureseeki
ng
appl
i
c a
tio
nso rheatseekingmil
it
a r
y
miss
ile
s.Photograp
hst akenbythisreveal
ed i
nfr
are
dli
ght
/ra
dia
tio
n
i
nformati
onno tdet
ectablebyvi
sibl
elight
su
cha so r
igi
nalwriti
ngso nacharred
doc
ume nt
Lig
htAmpli
fi
cat
ionbySt
imu
lat
edEmi
ssi
ono
fRa
dia
tio
n.
LASER
Itcau
sesl
umine
scenc
e
I
tisusedtosepa
rateandr e
cordions
a
ccor
dingtocharac
teri
sti
cswithma s
sesli
ke
ma
sss
pec
tro
met
er
i
nthed e
tec
tio
no ftra
cee l
ementsingla
ss,
a
shesandotheri
norgani
cma te
rial
Thisbombardse vi
denti
arys ampleswit
h
neut
ronstoca u
see le
me ntsinas ampleto
bec
o meradi
oactive.I
tc ana nal
yzesample
s
ne
utr
ona
cti
vat
iona
nal
ysi
s
upto100t i
me smo remi nutethantho
se
cap
a bl
eofbeinga nal
yzedt hro
ugh
spe
c t
rogr
aphi
ct echni
ques .
I
tisu sedtoidenti
fymi nutesamplesofa
s
ubstanceb yburningthema ter
ialand
i
nte
rp ret
ingthelightemi t
tedfr
omt he
b
urningp roc
ess.Ithast headvanta
g eof Sp
ect
rog
rap
h
a
ll
owi ngac ompleteanalysi
sofme tal
li
c
e
leme ntsinanu nknowns ubst
ancethrough
o
neo p e
rati
on.
I
tisusedtoana
lyz
ec ol
our
inga
gent
ssu
ch
Sp
ect
rop
hot
ome
ter
a
sd ye
sa ndp
igments
I
tisusedinexa
miningmi
croa
ndma cr
o
s
ter
eos
cop
icmi
cro
sco
pe
p
hysi
calevi
denc
e.Itisa3Dmicr
osc
ope
1stt
ype-wanderforfood
2ndtype-l
ooke
dforg re
enf i
el
df o
rpa
stu
ringt
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r
Typ
eso
fno
mad
s
l
ives
tockbe
causei
tisitsseason
3rdtyp
e-thi
nkers
,g yp
sies
1.ox-i nMe so
potamia
2.Reindeer-Si be
ria
3.Dog-f ir
std omesti
catedani
ma l
4.Donke y-i ntheMid d
leEast
5.Lla
ma -f irstnewwo rldani
ma lo
thertha
ndogfor
Ani
malp
owe
r tr
ansport
6.Elephant-usedd ur
ingthewara gai
nstRome
7.Horse
8.Came l
9.Yak-al o ng-hai
redc at
tl
ethatli
vesinhi
ghalt
it
ude
s
ontheTi betanp l
ateau
1.Anci
entChi
nesekit
e;Kore
aningene
ral
,
Wi
ndp
owe
r
2.Davi
nceOrni
thop
ter-f
li
ghtofb
ird
s;fl
appi
ng
3.
Mo ntgolf
ierba l
lo
o n-J osep
hMi chaelandJ ac
ques
Enti
enneo fFr ance.MARQUI SD'ARLANOESwa sthe
fi
rstma ntoe xp e
rienc ethefreeb al
lo
onf l
ig
ht
4.Siemen'sr o
c ketp l
a ne-ap lanep rope
ll
edb yexpl
osi
ves
5.Lil
ienthalgli
d e
r-Ot toLil
iental
6.SantoDu mo nt'
sa irship-Albe rt
oSa nto
sDu mont,
Brazi
li
an.St ea
m-p o we re
db al
loo ninParis.
7.Wr i
ghtb rot
he rs'flyingmac hine-bipl
anekiteover200
di
ffer
entwi ngt ype
Thewhe
eli
sfr
om? We
ste
rnAs
ia
1.Soli
dwhe el
so nfi
xedaxle
2.Sume r
ianchari
otwit
hf la
nkwhe e
ls-thre
epiec
es
3.Greekq ua
dri
cwi t
hs po
ke -dra
wnb yforhor
ses,
Whe
els el
egant
4.Roma ncarpe
nu m-favo
u re
dvehic
lebyRo ma
nwo men
5.It
ali
anc oc
chio
-wi t
hc overi
ngorlea
therorcl
othfi
xed
overwood
Ma
jorr
oadb
uil
der Ro
mans
Hei
ntr
odu
cedhi
sfi
rstf
astma
ilc
oac
h J
ohnPa
lme
r
Hec
rea
tedd
and
yho
rse Ka
rlvo
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ais
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det
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ickMc
Mil
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mat
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e J
ohnBo
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nlo
p
Thepe
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edthefir
sthi
gh
Da
iml
er,Go
ttl
ie
b
sp
eedi
nte
rna
lco
mb u
s t
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tem
Theypio
nee
redt
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nuf
act
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fga
s
Ni
col
ausOt
toa
ndGo
ttl
ie
bDa
iml
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eng
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s
Hedeve
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edaneng
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tri
cal
Ru
dol
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l
i
gni
ti
onsyst
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ttor
Hedevel
opeda
nad
vanc
ed-t
ypeo
feng
ine
,
Fe
li
xWa
nke
l
cr
anksha
ft
1.Physi
calinadequ
acy
2.Poorcontro
lme asur
es
Ma
jorc
aus
eso
ftr
aff
icc
ong
est
ion
3.Humane rrors
4.Poorma i
ntenance
1.Allpub
li
csurf
acefaci
li
ti
estr
ave
rsi
ngandpa
rkingand
al
ltype
so fco
nveyanc
esforthemove
mentofper
s o
ns
andthi
ngs

s
cop
eoft
raf
fi
cma
nag
eme
nt 2.Ag
enci
esha
vingr
espons
ibi
li
ti
esforas
c e
rta
ini
ngtraf
fi
c
fl
owreq
uir
ement
,pl
anni
ng,appro
ving
,fundi
ng,cons
tru
ct

3.Agenci
esf
orli
censi
ng,ap
pro
ving,re
str
ict
ing,stop
ping
,
pro
hib
iti
ngorco
ntrol
li
ngtheus
eo fthe
sefacil
it
ies
.
1.Engineering-Sc i
enceofme asuri
ngtr a
ffi
ca ndtrave
l,
thestu
d yo fb as
iclawsrela
tivetotraff
icf l
owa nd
gener
ation.Pl a
nning,dec
idi
nga ndo pe
ra t
ingtraff
ic
syst
emt oa c hi
evesafeande ff
ici
enttransport
ati
ono f
pers
onsa ndg oo
ds 

2.Educ
ati
on-d
iss
emi
nat
ingt
raf
fi
cre
lat
edi
nfo
rma
tio
nto
thep
ubli
c
5p
il
la
rso
ftr
aff
ic..
..
3.Enf
orc
eme
nt-d
eal
smo
stl
yont
hei
mpl
eme
nta
tio
n

4.Ec
olog
yo renvi
ronme
nt-a
irp
oll
uti
on,wa
terp
oll
uti
on
andcr
owding

5.Economy-mostre
cent
,be
nef
it
sanda
dve
rsee
ffe
ctso
f
tr
aff
ictoourec
onomy
Thereducedr i
sko fac
cidentorinj
uryo n
t
her oa
d s
,achieve dthrou
ghmu l
ti
di
s c
ipli
nary
app
roachesinvolvingroade ngi
neer
inga nd r
oads
afe
ty
t
raff
icma na
g eme nt,educ
ationandtraini
ng
ofroa
du ser
sa ndve hi
cl
ed esi
gn
1.Humanerrors
-95%
f
act
orsc
ont
ri
but
ingt
oac
cid
ent
s 2.Ro
a dde
fic
ienci
est
hata
rema
inc
ont
ri
but
oryf
act
ors
3.Vehi
cl
efactor
s
1.Imparti
ngknowledg
ec onc
erni
ngtra
ffi
csafe
ty
2.Traini
nga ndpra
cti
ceintheactu
alappl
ic
ati
onof
Di
vis
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fTr
aff
icSa
fet
yEd
uca
tio
n
tr
affi
cs af
etyknowl
edge
3.Deve l
opi
ngtra
ffi
csafe
tymo ra
li
ty
1.Comprehensive
2.Trad
iti
onal
3.Comme ntar
y
Thef
ourbas
ict
ypesofi
nst
ruc
tio
nme
tho
ds
4.Si
mu l
atedco ndit
ionso
nando f
fthero
adtra
ini
ng
us
edi
nd r
ive
reduc
ati
onpro
grams
a.Pa
rti
als i
mu l
a t
ion
b.Gl
obalsimulati
o n
c.Cl
assi
fi
c a
tiono ffi
lmsassho
wnb ythesi
mulat
ors
1.Asser
tsthatpeopl
ear
ea cc
ident
-pr
oneifthe
ir
bi
orhyt
hm cross
esthecent
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proach
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d
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Ot
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aking
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Sha
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Symone
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tes
,d r
ive
rs,
Amp
het
ami
ne
stu
dentswhone e
dtos us
tai
nme nt
aland
physi
calal
ert
ness
Take
nor
all
y,i
nje
cte
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ff
eda st
o
Co
cai
ne
ac
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vee
uphor
iaorext
remehighnes
s
Theu seofc hemicalsubst
a ncethatal
tersp hysi
o l
ogi
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andp sychol
o gi
calfuncti
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esb acktot heo l
dstone
age.Eg ypti
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csfrom 3500BCd e
picttheu seo f
opi
umi nreli
g i
ousr i
tual
s.By6000b canEg yp t
ian
ref
er encewo rklastedop i
uma sanal
gesicorp ai
nki l
ler
.
hs
tor
yofd
ruga
bus
e TheI ncaso fSo ut
hAme ri
cawhe r
ekno wnt oha veused
cocaine4a tl e
ast5000ye arsago.Canabsa lsou sed
5000ye a
rsint hehi s
tory.
DuringWo r
ldWa r1a nd2,t heu seofmo rphinetoe ase
thep ainofb at
tlecasual
tieswa salsoextensive-s ol
dier'
s
dis
ea se.
1.Toatt
aineup
horia
mo
tiva
tio
nfa
cto
rso
fdr
ugu
se 2.I
ncr
easedenj
oyme nt
3.Asasocia
llubr
ica
nt
1.Druguse-occ
urswhentheeffe
ctsofdr
ugsou
ghtcan
berea
liz
edwithmini
malha
z a
rd;whe t
hero
rnotused
the
rap
e u
tic
all
y,l
egal
lyo
rasp re
scrib
edbyaphysi
ci
an

2.Drugmisus
e-whendrugistakenora dminis
tered
unde
rc i
rcu
ms t
anc
esandad o
set hats
ignif
icant
ly
l
eve
lso
fdr
ugt
aki
ng
i
ncreas
ethehazar
dtotheindi
vidua
lort oothers.

3.Druga bus
e-o c
curswhendrugistakenunder
cir
cumstancesandwitho
utadosethatsig
nif
ica
ntl
y
i
nc r
ease
st hei
rhazar
do rpo
tent
ialwhetherornotus
ed
thera
peut
ical
ly.
1.Exp eri
me nter-c ur
ios
ity
2.Us ualuser-whof romtime-to-ti
meu seso r
administ
erso ra ll
owso t
herstoa dmini
s t
ert ohim
dangerousdr ugsina natte
mp ttor e
freshhi sminda nd
bodyo rasaf o
r mo fplayamu s
e mento rr el
axati
on
c
ate
gor
ieso
fdr
uga
bus
er
3.Dr u
gd epe ndent-whor egu
larlycons ume sor
administ
erso ra ll
owso t
herstoa dmini
s t
erd rugsandhis
acqui
redama r
ke dpsychol
ogi
c aland/o
rp hysi
cal
dependenceo nt hedrugswhichha sg oneb eyondas ta
te
orvo l
untaryc ontrol
1.Cir
c u
ms t
ant
ial
-si
tua
tio
nalu
se-sho
rt-t
ermbas
isa
sa
wayo fcopi
ngwithsomeimmedi
atedi
str
esso
r
pr
essure

2.Experi
menta
luse-shor
ttermuseofoneo
ravarie
ty
ofdru
gs,eit
hersi
ngl
yo ri
nc omb
ina
tio
n.Toexp
eri
ence
somet
hingnew,orpeergrou
p

3.Soci
al-
recre
ati
onalus
e-useofd r
u g
soccur
swithi
n
Ge
ner
alp
att
ernso
fdr
ugt
aki
ng
soc
ialse
tti
ngsandismotivat
edbyt hede
sir
et os
hare
pl
easur
ableexper
ienc
eamo ngfr
iends

4.I
nte
nsi
fi
edu
se-r
egu
lara
ndl
ongt
ermc
ons
ump
tio
n

5.Comp ul
si
veu s
e -i
thases
calat
edtothepoi
ntwher
ea
red
u ct
ioni
nt heinte
nsit
yorfreque
ncywil
lbe
accompani
edb yincre
asi
ngdis
comfortont
hep a
rto
fthe
i
ndivid
ual
Theresu
ltwhenad r
ughasbeenuse
dfora
l
ongperi
odo ft
ime.Wit
habs
tine
nceor Phys
ica
lde
pend
enc
e
wit
hdr
awa ls
yndro
me.
Ast
atei
nwhichani ndi
vidu
alhasa
c
ompul
si
ontotakedr u
g,butoninwhic
h p
syc
hol
ogi
cald
epe
nde
nce
t
her
ema yno
tbep hysica
ldepend
enc
e
Thecond
iti
onre
sul
ti
ngf
romt
her
epe
ate
d
d
rugha
bit
uat
ion
co
nsu
mp ti
onofadru
g
Ast
ateofpe
rio
dicorc
hro
nicinto
xicat
ion
p
rod
ucedbytherep
eat
edcons
u mpti
onofa d
ruga
ddi
cti
on
d
rug
1.Poverty-p romptspushers
2.Ignorance-kno wl
edgea boutdangero
ust hed r
u g
’s
eff
ects
3.Lo s
so ffamilyvalue
sa nds ol
idar
it
y-ne glect
edc hi
ld
Ther
eas
onswhyp
eop
let
urnt
odr
ugs
?
duetob usi
nes s
4.Va ri
ousfactors-curi
osit
y,p e
erp res
sure,
envi
ronme ntalinf
lue
nce,boredom,f r
ustra
tion,andd es
ire
toescaper e
alit
ya resomeo therfact
orstob ec onsi
dered
whyp
eop
let
urnt
odr
ugs
1.Fami lya spe ct
*Escap efro ms tri
ctp arent
s
*quarrell
ingp are
nts
*rej
ec tedc hi
ld r
en
2.Scho ola spect
*nob asicd ruge duc a
tion
3.Co mmu nit
ya s
pec t
*druge asilya vai
lable
*i
ncre asi
ngnu mb erso fpushers
*apathy
4.med i
a
c
ont
ri
but
oryf
cto
rs2d
ruga
bus
e
*mu c
ha dve r
tiseme ntonc urat
ivea ndthe
rap
eut
ice
ffe
cts
ofdru g
5.Bio l
ogicalf act
or
*withf at
igu e,chronicc oug
h,i nso
mni a
6.Psyc hologicalfactors
*l
o ws elfe st
e ema ndp oors el
fimag e
*needa cce pt
a nce
*att
ent i
ong et
ting
7.soc i
ologicalfactors
*avai
la bi
li
tyo fo ver-the-counterdrugs
*soci
a lpres s
u res
1.Compul
si
onforadrug
2.Tol
era
nce
c
har
act
eri
sti
cso
fbe
inga
nad
dic
t
3.Ps
ychol
ogi
calandphysi
calde
pende
nce
4.adang
ertotheind
ivid
ualandthepeo
plea
rou
ndhi
m
1.Gener
al
Twot
ype
sofa
nae
sthe
sia
/ana
est
het
ic
2.l
ocalore
gio
nal
Isatermthatdescr
ibestheexperi
enc
eofa
dru
gu serwhoimagine
sve ryfr
ight
eni
ng
b
adt
ri
p
si
ghtsandsoundasar es
u l
toftaki
ng
hal
luci
noge
nicdru
g
s
uppress
iono fnormalanxiet
y;d i
stor
ti
ono f
j
udge
me nt;mo t
o rincoor
dinat
ion;reduct
ion
b
eha
vio
ura
lto
xic
ity
i
nmo t
ivati
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rmentofme ntalabi
li
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i
nap
propriat
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ur
Thememb
ranetha
tp r
otec
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nfr
om
b
loo
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ier
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ignsub
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ine Ca
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sm
Ad i
seas
eo ftheli
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gress
ive
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estruc
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vercel
lsa c
co mpanie
db y
Ci
rrho
sis
r
egenerat
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ea s
einc onnecti
ve
t
iss
ue
Thes
lange
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ptand
c
oldt
urke
y
co
mpl
etewit
hdr
awalfr
omdrugso
ralc
oho
l
Freque
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lso
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n,prod
ucingpsyc
holog
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lo r c
omp
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ved
rugu
se
physi
ol
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caldep
e nd
ence.
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ugthatsup
pres
sesthephysi
cal
depende
nceofanot
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ga ndcan
c
ros
sde
pend
enc
e
sub
stit
utef
ortheothe
rinc a
sesofphysi
cal
depende
nce
Atermu se
dt od es
cri
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tera
tio
no r
d
il
uti
ono fap uredrugbyaddi
ngo rmixing
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ut
o
thersubst
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et oit
.Toincr
easeq u
antit
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b
utless
ent heq ua
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Ap s
ychicdis
orderinvol
vingvi
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audi
tor
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usi
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i
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e,anxi
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ing;fo
undi
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eli
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umt
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ns
habi
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ersofalcohol
icbever
agesand
so
meo therdrugs
Theactofusi
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ugwit
hou
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tor
's
pr
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ipt
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essofit
s d
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e
dos
age
Alawthatp rovi
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lo f
d
angerousdru gs
,treatmenta nd
r
ehabi
li
tati
ono fdrugd epend ent sdrugabuse
p
reventi
ona ndc ommu ni
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ion, Da
nge
rou
sDr
ugsAc
tof1972
r
esearc
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oble
m
a
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a
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oneda cti
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I
tist
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ent
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ly d
rugha
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oremot
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Formsofco
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i
nformsonfoc
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c t
ualkno
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rugi
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rma
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ab
ou tt
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n
peo
p l
e
Ar e
p e
atofa nLSDt r
ipdays,weeks,
monthsore venyear
sa f
terl
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akingthe
dr
ug;as pontaneo
usandinvol
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ary Fl
ashb
ack
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currenceo fps
ychede
li
cd r
ugeff
e c
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a Fr
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Theti
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Ad
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Atermuse
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o
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Ater
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p
ki
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bit
hi
sdrugha
bit
Averypowerfu
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lu
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p
rod
ucesve r
ys t
rangea ndqui
te LSD
u
npredi
cta
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,a l
s okno
wna sACI
D
Que
sti
on Ans
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Theg r
oupo fsynt
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lud
ing
demerolanddarvont
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mblet
he Op
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s
opi
ate
si nacti
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ect
Thetermusedt
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ela
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reng
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it
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Pr
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Aha l
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il
ocyb
in
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Anyd rugtha
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s
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ectst
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p
syc
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cti
ved
rug
s
changethemo o
do rbehavi
ourofthedr
ug
use
r .
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ti
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gp r
oduc
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f
eel
ingo fsat
isf
act
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hicdri
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r
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onti
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o mfort
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f
Ru
sh
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ugs
t
hatcalmsedat
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I
tisdivi
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s
eda
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/hyp
not
ics
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tura
tes
2.al
cohol
3.anti
-anxi
etytranq
uil
iz
ers
4.non-barbi
tur
atecal
mingner
ves
Abnor
malre
acti
onst
otheu
seo
fdr
ugs
.
s
idee
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I
tme
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Thepoi
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t
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To
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ucethedes
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Thes ale,d i
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manu fact
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orc o
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rau d
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omp ul
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if
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*
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A.PHYSI CALPROPERTI ES
1.spec i
fi
cg ravity
2.vapo urd ens i
ty-we ighto fvolumeofp u
reg as
compos edt ot hevo l
umeo fd ryairatthesame
tempera t
ur ea ndp ressure
3.vapo urp re s
s u
re-forcee xertedbythemo l
eculeson
thesur f
ac eo fal i
q u
id
4.temp eratur e-degreeo fthermalagit
ati
on
5.boil
ingp oi
nt -const
antt emp er
atureatwhicht heva p
our
pressureo ft heliqui
di se qualtotheatmosphe ri
c
pressure
6.i
gnti
o n/kind l
ingtemp erature-mini
mumt emp eratur
ea t
p
rop
ert
ieso
ffi
re
whichs ubs ta
nc emu stb ehe atedtosuppor
tc omb ust
ion
7.f
irep oi
nt -l
o we s
ttemp eratureo fali
qui
di na no pe
n
contai
ne ra twhi chva poursa reevol
vedfaste noughto
supportc omb us t
ion
8.f
lashp oint-flamma bl
el iqui
df ormsvapour-airmixture
thatignit
e s

B.CHEM PROPRTIES
1.
endot
hermicr
eac
tio
ns
2.exot
hermc
3.oxi
dati
on
4.f
lames
A.accd
gt ocolo
r
1.l
uminousfl
ame -r
eddi
shor
nge.d
epo
sit
sso
ots
.
2.no
nl umino
us-blu
ishnco
lor

B.accd
gt o
bu r
ningfu
el& ai
rmi xt
ure
1.
premixed-fla
meo fbuns
enb u
rner
t
ype
soff
lame
s
2.hydr
o crbon-
3.
dif
usi
o n-oxyacet
hyl
enetor
ch" wydl
ysp
rea
d"

C.acc
dgtos moo
thne
ss
1.l
aminar
-s moot
h
2.t
urbul
ent-r
oug
h
8sdther
mald
eco
mpo
sit
iono
fdc
omb
ust
ble
Pyr
olys
is
ma
tte
r.
1.dfuelshe at
du nti
l8stempreaches8sfyrpoint
2.decomposi
ti
onta kespl
ace
3.decomposi
ti
onp roduc
escombust
b l
evaporsdatri
se2d
dp
roc
esso
fpyr
olys
isi
nvo
lve
sdf
f
sus
faceofdf uel
.c ombus
tbl
evapor
srt echni
cal
yt e
rme
d
asfre
er adi
cal
s
4.fr
eer a
dcalsundrgocombsti
on
1.s
oli
d
g
nra
lca
teg
ori
eso
ffu
el 2.l
iq
uid
3.g
as
sdnameg i
ven2suchr
e p
lac
e a
bleor
ganc
mat
teraswood,g
arb
age,& anmalmanur
e Bi
oma
ss
t
hatcanbeusedt
oprod
u c
ee nerg
y
1.fi
ber
-ve r
yf i
nethi
nstra
nd
Fa
bri
c.Al
mos
tal
lfa
bri
csa
rec
omb
ust
ibl
e 2.Fabr
ic-twis
tedorwovenfi
ber
s
3.te
xti
les
-ma c
hinewove
no rkni
tt
edf
abr
ic
Anu me ralbasi
sforme a
s u
ringt het e
nde nc
y
ofthef ab
r i
ctoc o
nti
nuouslyb ur
no nc ethe
fl
amei sre movedisal
sohi gh.Fa b
ricswi th
highignit
iontemperat
urea resaferf or LOI"
li
mit
ingo
xyg
eni
nde
x"
clo
thingbe ca
usetheydono ti g
nitee asi
ly.
Also,The ywillnotco
ntinueb urni
nga fter
theso u
rceo fheatorfl
amei sremo ved
Mate
ria
lst
hatu
sec
ell
ul
oseni
tr
atea
rea
lso
Pyr
oxyl
in
ca
ll
ed?
1.l
ig
nite
-b ro wnc o
al
Coalisus
edtoheatbui
ld
ingsandt
oprovi
de 2.b
ituminousc o
al-mos
tpl
ent
yandi
mpo
rta
ntc
oali
n
ene
r g
yforind
ust
ri
a lmachi
ner
y.Thef
orms i
ndust
ry
ofcoala
re 3.s
ub-bitu
mi nous-
4.a
nthraci
te
I
tisap ar
ti
all
ydecayedpl
antmat
terfou
ndi
n
s
wamp scall
edbogsandusedasafue
l
Pe
at
c
hief
lyinareaswhereco
alandoi
lare
s
carce.
1.fl
ammable-fl
ashpoi
ntb e
low37.
8degre
esCel
si
us
Twog
ene
ralg
rou
pso
fli
qui
dfu
el "100de
greesFahrenhe
it"
 
2.combus
tib
le-above37.8degr
eeCel
si
usfla
shp
oint
Gascanbeprod
uce
db yt
reat
ingbi
omass
wit
hab a
cter
iaANAEROBES.Thebac
teri
a Ye
s
expe
lmetha
ne.
A.astosourc
e
1.Nat
ural
2.Manuf
actu
red

B.ast ophysi
calprop
erti
es
1.Comp res
sedgas-
2.Liquef
iedgas-
3.Cryogeni
cg ase
s-arel
iquef
iedgase
sthatexi
stinit
s
c
las
sif
ica
tio
nofg
ase
s
cont
ainerattemperat
urebelo
wno rmalat
mospheri
c
te
mp erat
ure,usual
lysl
ig
htlyaboveit
sboi
li
ngpointwit
h
l
owmo dera
tepressur
e

C.onusage
1.Fue
lg as
e s
-f orburning
2.i
ndust
rialgases-u
sedi nwel
di
ng
3.
medica
lg ases
-anaesthesi
a
Ater
mu se
dbyd r
ugu s
ersf
ori
nje
cti
nga
Ma
inl
ini
ng
d
rugdir
ect
lyi
ntovei
ns
I
fthecont
aineroft
hegasisno
ts t
rong
eno
ughtowi t
hst
andpr
essu
re,so
mep a
rts va
pou
r-a
ire
xpl
osi
on
wil
lsu
ddenl
yb re
ak.
Ura
niu
mi sthemo
stcommo
nlyu
sednu
cle
ar
ye
s
f
uel
...pl
uto
niumal
so
I
ti sthetrans
ferofener
gyf r
omo nepartof
as ubst
ancetoanot
herorfromo nebodyto
he
at
anotherbyvirt
ueofad i
ffe
rencein
t
e mp e
ratu
re.Heatisener
gyintransi
t.
1.Ce lsi
us-kno wnins ci
entif
icwork
2.Fa hrenhe it
-u sedinEng l
ishspe
a ki
ngc ountri
e s.
Fre ez
ingp o i
ntis32d e
greesFahrenheitandb oi
lingpoint
i
s212d egreeFa hrenhei
t
3.Ke lvi
no ra bso
lute-t
hemo stcommo nlyuse d
t
emp
era
tur
esc
ale
s
thermo dyna mictemp er
aturesca
le
4.Ra nkine -anothers c
alewithzeroabs o
lut
ea si ts
l
o we s
tp oint,freezi
ngp oi
ntis492d egreeRa nkineb o
il
ing
pointis672d e
g r
eeR
5.I nt
ernationaltemp er
aturesca
le-
1.21% oxygen
2.78% nit
rog
en
3.1% i
nertgases
Ai
rsc
omp
ose
dof
?
12% OXYGEN-i nsuf
fi
ci
enttop r
oduc
ef i
re
14-15% OXYGEN-cans up
portf
las
hpoint
16-21%-cansuppo
rtfir
ep oi
nt
1.Spontaneousheating
2.li
ghtni
ng
*caus
esi nducedli
nes urg
e-e l
ect
rici
tysp
r e
adsthr
oug
h
thecable
*cancaus efl
ashfireord us
texplo
sion
na
tur
alc
aus
eso
ffi
re A.hotb oltl
ightni
ng-longerdura
tio
n,capabl
eofli
ght
ing
combusti
b l
ema teri
al
B.Coldb olt
-withtremendousamperageandhig
h
temperat
u re

3.r
adi
ati
on-whe
nithi
tsac
onc
avemi
rro
r
1.Short-ci
rc u
it
2.Arci
ng
a
cci
dent
alc
aus
eso
ffi
re 3.Sparking
4.Ind
uc edc urr
ent
5.Overhe a
ting
1.Sho
rt-c
ircu
it
2.Grou
ndedcirc
uit
c
ommo
nca
use
soff
ir
e
3.Over
loa
ding
4.Loo
seconnecti
onori
mpr
ope
rsp
li
ci
ng
5.LPG
1.Iti
sliq
uidincontaine
rb utgaswhenr
elea
sed
2.Iti
s1.5he a
vierthana i
r
c
har
act
eri
sti
cso
fLPG
3.Colo
url
ess,tas
tel
essa ndodourl
ess
..e
thylmerc
apt
ais
i
ntrod
ucedtod e
termineleakag
e
The
rma
lba
lanc
e-r
isi
ngmo
veme
nto
fthef
ir
e

t
hermalimba
lanc
e-a bno
rmalmo ve
me ntoffi
redu et
o
f
ir
ebe
havi
our
i
nte
rfere
nceoffore
ignma t
ter
.Itoft
enc onf
usesthe
i
nvest
igat
ori
nd et
ermini
ngtheexactp o
intwherethefi
re
o
rigi
nate
d
1.Fir
eg asesa reund e
rp re ss
u re
2.Exis
tenceo fb l
acks mo ket hatisbec
omingdens
egra
y
yel
lo
w
3.Confi
neme nto fexce s
sivehe at
c
har
act
eri
sti
cso
fba
ckd
raf
t 4.Lit
tl
ef l
ameo rnovi sibl
ef l
a me
5.Smokep uffso rbyi nterval
s
6.Windowsa res mo kes t
a i
ned
7.Muffle
ds oundsa rehe ardins i
dethebui
ldi
ng
8.vi
olentrushingo fairins i
dewhe nopeni
ngismade
Iti
st hesuddenigni
tionofaccumu l
ate
d
radi
calgasesproducedwhenthe reis
i
ncomp l
etecomb u
s t
ionoffuel
s.Itisthe
suddenburni
ngo faccumula
tedfr e
er adi
cal
s, f
las
hove
r
whichisini
tiat
edb yas p
ark.Whe ns omu c
h
i
sa ccumulat
editma ythrowFIREBALLSa
hundredyardswithi
naf ews econds
Afat
alcond
iti
onthatta
kesp l
acewhe nt
he
f
ir
eresi
stsexti
ngui
shmentopera
tio
na nd b
iteb
ack
b
ecomesstr
ongerandbigge
rinstead
I
tisa
lsokno
wna
sdu
ste
xpl
osi
on. f
las
hfi
re
A.INCI PIENT
1.Nor malr oo
mt emperatur
e
2.Temp e
r a
tureattheb a
seo ft
hefir
eisa bo
ut400-800
Fahrenheit
3.Ceili
ngt emperat
ure-2000Fahre
nheit
4.Pyro l
ysisprod
ucts-mo st
lywatervapou
rsa ndCar
bon
Dioxi
de
3s
tag
eso
ffi
re
B.Freeburni
ngphas
e
1.
acc
e l
erat
era
tedpyr
olyt
icproc
e s
sest
akepla
ce
2.Devel
opmentofco
nvecti
on,ther
malco
lumn

C.smoul
der
ingphas
e
1.Oxygendro
psto13% o
rbel
ow
2.heata
ndp r
ess
ureint
hero
omb u
il
dsu
p
Whe ns ubst
anceburns,anumb erofchemical
r
e a
ctionso cc
ur.Thesereacti
onsresul
tinthe 4prod
u c
tsofco
mbu
sti
on
pro
du c
t i
ono ffl
ame,heatands moke,gases 1.Heat
andcomb usti
onp ro
ducts
.Allareimp o
rtant 2.Fl
ame
t
of i
ref ig
htersandinvest
igat
ors,whomu st 3.Fi
reg a
ses
bealwa ysprepare
dt oprot
ecthima gai
nst 4.Smoke
t
hem
1.17% inatmospherep eop
lebre
atheali
tt
lefa
ster
2.15% per
s o
nb ecome sdiz
zy,buzz
inge
ars,r
apid
i
nsu
ffi
ci
ento
xyg
en hear
tbe
atandhe adache
3.9% unconsci
ousnessma yocc
ur
4.7% deat
hi sli
kelyoc c
ur
Itisthed e
scri
ptivetermrefe
rringtothe
vario
usme thodsu s
edtos t
op,exti
nguis
hand
f
ir
epr
ote
cti
on
controldes
truc
tivefir
ef r
ome ventu
al
preventi
ono fl
osso fl
ifeandpropert
y
I
tisthedescri
pti
vet
ermoftheva ri
ous
met
hodsors af
etymeas
ure
st ostophar
mfu
l f
ir
epr
eve
nti
on
orde
s t
ruc
tivefi
resf
romstar
ting
1.Loo kforha zard
s .Devel
opas peci
alkindo fal
ertness
fo
rs i
tu at
ionsora cti
onsthatco ul
dc once
ivabl
yl eadto
fi
re
2.Insi
s tong oodho use
keepi
nga ndproperstorage.
Fi
rep
reve
nti
ont
ips Reportviolati
onstop rope
ra uthori
ty
3.Ma intai
nf i
refighti
ngequipme ntinas tat
eo f
maximu mr e
adiness.Whil
et hatwo n'
tp r
e ve
ntf i
ref r
om
happening,itistheb estpos
s i
bleme anso fpreve
ntingthe
sprea
do ffir
e
4.Ma kes u
rethateverybod
yi strai
nedtob eale
rtfo
r
fi
reha za
rds,aswellasinfirefi
ghti
ng
5.Kee pupwi t
hne wfirefi
ghti
nge qui
pme ntand
te
chniques.Iti
severybody'
sr es
ponsib
ili
tytokeep
abre
as tofnewd e
velop
me ntinfirepreventi
on
1.Don’tp ani
c.Shou tforhe l
p
2.Wa rne verybo
d yint heho us
es otheycanleaveat
once
3.Dono tt rytofightthef i
rela r
g erthano
nei nawa s
te
baske
t,u nlessuha ves peci
altraini
ng
ru
lest
ofo
ll
owi
nca
sef
ir
ebr
eakso
uti
nyo
ur
4.Closee verydoora fterleavi
ng
home
5.Ifyoumu stgotoas mo kyar ea,crawlc
losetothe
fl
oor
6.Don’tjumpo uto fdwi ndo
wi tma ybefat
al
7.Rollwhe nyo urc l
othingcatchesf i
re
8.feelthed oorbeforeo peni
ng
1.OBA
p
rot
ect
ivee
quip
mentori
nst
rume
ntt
hatma
y 2.Ai
r-l
inemasks
b
ewo r
ninfi
reres
cue 3.Tend
ingli
nes
4.pr
oxi
mityfi
refi
ght
ings
uit
I
tqui
ckl
y,saf
elyandaccur
ate
lyd e
tectal
l
c
ombust
ibl
egasesorvapo
ursassoci
atedwit
h c
omb
ust
ibl
ega
sind
ica
tor
f
uelo
il
s,al
cohol
,gaso
li
ne,hydro
gen
Iti
sintende
ds ol
el
yforthed etect
ionof
oxygendefi
ci
encyintheatmo sphere
.detect
s
fl
amma b
levapours,b
utitsintenti
onalusefo
r
f
lames
afe
tyl
amp
thi
spurposeisverydang
e r
o u
sp arti
cul
arlyi
n
anatmospheretha
tma ycontai
na cetyl
eneor
hydro
gen
Ar
opeu
sedt
ora
iseo
rlo
wers
ome
thi
ng Ha
lya
rd
Toexti
ngui
shfi
re,int
err
uptt
hesupp
lyo
f
Ye
s
anyoral
loftheele
me nt
soffi
re.
1.Dat
eo fo r
igi
nalfi
ll
ing
2.Chemicalcont
ents
3.Typeofe xti
ngui
sher
ma
rki
ngsr
equ
ire
donf
ir
eext
ing
uis
her
s
4.Opera
tinginst
ruct
iona ndsaf
eproc
edu
rei
nus
age
5.Namea nda ddr
esso fmanufa
ctu
rer
6.Namea nda ddr
esso fdeal
er
1.Remo valoftags
2.Refil
li
nge xti
ngui
shinga gent
swi t
hnon-pr
escri
bed
agent
s
p
rohi
bi
tedact
sinvo
lvi
ngt
heo
per
ati
ono
ffi
re 3.Sell
ingfireexti
nguishersnotapprop
ria
tewithhaz
ards
e
xti
ngui
she
rs 4.Sell
inge xt
ingui
shersp r
o hi
bi
tedbyrule37
5.Sell
ings ubs
tandar
de xtingui
sher
s
6.inst
all
ingp re
ssurega u
ge swhichdonotport
rayreal
pre
s s
urel e
vel
P-pul
lthepi
n
P-po
intthenozz
le
P-pr
essthehandl
e
g
enera
loper
ati
ngp
roc
edu
rei
nfi
re
S-s
we ep
e
xti
ngui
shment

PASS-p
ull
,ai
m,s
que
ezea
nds
wip
e
1.Foame xti
ngui
sher
2.Soda
-acidfir
ee xt
ingu
isher
-old
esttyp
e
t
ype
soff
ir
eext
ing
uis
her
s
3.Vapori
zingli
qui
d-cont
ainsnon-co
nduct
ingl
iq
uid
4.ca
rbond io
xide
Fogisp
ref
erabl
einfir
efig
hti
ngthansol
id a
ddi
ti
onaladva
nta
g eoff
ogi st
hatitredu
cestheamo u
nt
st
reambec
auseag i
venamountofwat
ercan o
fwaterthatmustbeuse
d ,al
so,i
na d
diti
ontocool
ing
abso
rbmoreheatwheniti
sinthefor
mo f t
hefi
re,fogte
ndstosmotherthefi
rebyd i
spl
aci
ng
fo
g. o
xygen
I
tisathi
ck,vi
sco
us,l
ig
htandst
abl
e
Fo
am
mat
eri
alt
hatfl
oat
sonalmo
stanyli
qui
d.
I
tisane wsynthet
ic,f
il
l-f
ormingf
oam
l
iq
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snewa genti
sr e
placi
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he Li
ghtwa
tero
raq
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il
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rmi
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p
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madeupofdoubl
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ir
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L-l
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A-acc
ess
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ete
rmi
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fac
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tabi
li
zef
o rf
irs
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li
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T-t
ransf
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Thi
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Co
nfi
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2.Speedsatta
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