Astronomical Alphabet Archives

1
Astronomical Alphabet Archives

2015 Lance Carlyle Carter
Abstract
The ancient alphabet may be based on asterisms.
Introduction
These exhibits are the result of research that I did in the
mid 1970s with the goal of the decipherment of the
ancient alphabet under the mentorship of Dr. Hugh
Anderson Moran, author of The Alphabet and the
Ancient Calendar Signs, Daily Press, 1969. My theory
does not contradict Dr. Moran's findings about the
similarity between the names of the ancient alphabet
letters and the names for ancient Chinese Lunar
asterisms.
Dedication
To Hugh Anderson Moran who taught me decipherment.
Summary
This article presents a sample of the initial line drawings,
tracings, and star maps that were used for the alphabet
decipherment, and can be considered as a rough draft.
These archive drawings are being updated using
software to create star maps for the specified dates.
An explanation of how and why the alphabet letters fit

over these common constellations and asterisms will be
explained in other documents. The star maps used were
based on Epoch 1950, which means that they are
thousands of years out of date, but because of the slow
proper motion of the stars in relation to each other, most
of the alphabet shapes would be approximately the
same using the star positions seen today.
Methods
Some of the exhibits are hand drawings of letters,
figures, and signs that are traced over a star map. Major
stars and coordinates may be included in these black
and white drawings. Some of these star map drawings
were created by placing different size black dots over
stars on a star map and using black line tape to connect
the dots to create the alphabet letters. Some exhibits
were made from slides that were projected in a
planetarium.
Exhibits
The exhibits are organized according to the alphabet
letter that they are based on or can be drawn over. The
letter name, the location that it was used, the
constellation name and file name.
2
Contents
Astronomical Alphabet Archives.....................................1
Abstract.......................................................................1
Introduction.................................................................1
Dedication...................................................................1
Summary....................................................................1
Methods......................................................................1
Exhibits.......................................................................1
Contents.....................................................................2
Astronomical Alphabet List..........................................5
Aleph = Early North Semitic........................................6
Aleph = Greek Ox Head Form....................................7
Aleph = Full Ox Head Form -3....................................8
Aleph = Gezer Calendar.............................................9
Aleph = North-Semitic Cursive..................................11
Aleph = Phoenician...................................................12
Aleph = Sinai.............................................................13
Aleph = Sinai Ox Head Form -2................................15
Aleph = Sinai Ox Head With Ear...............................16
Aleph = Sinai - 3.......................................................17
Beth = Egyptian Courtyard........................................18
Beth = Egyptian Temple............................................19
Beth = Hebrew Square Form....................................20
Beth = Hebrew Square Form -2................................21
Beth = Old Greek......................................................22
Beth = Old Greek -2..................................................23
Beth = Old Greek -3..................................................24
Beth = Phoenician 1000 BCE...................................25
Beth = Sinai..............................................................26
Beth = Sinai and Open Rectangle.............................26
Beth = Sinai and Closed Rectangle..........................27
Beth = Sinai House...................................................27
Beth = Sinai Rectangular Form.................................28
Gamma = Greek - Curved Euboa - Korinth..............29
Gamma = Old Greek.................................................30
Gimel = Egyptian Corner & Throw Stick....................31
Gimel = Egyptian Corner -3......................................32
Gimel = Hebrew........................................................33
Gimel = Phoenician...................................................34
Gimel = Phoenician - Byblian....................................35
Gimel = Phoenician Gebal # 1 + 2............................36
Gimel = Roman.........................................................37
Gimel = Roman Curved............................................38
Gimel = Tell - Ed - Duweir.........................................39
Daleth = Balu............................................................40
Daleth = Balu, Sinai, Thamudean.............................41
Daleth = Balu, Sinai, Thamudean, & Safatic............42
Daleth = Lachish Letters...........................................43
Daleth = Monumental................................................44
Daleth = Old Semitic.................................................45
Daleth = Old Semitic -2.............................................46
Daleth = Old Semitic -3.............................................47
Daleth = Phoenician..................................................48
Daleth = Phoenician Long Oval................................49
Daleth = Phoenician Oval.........................................50
Daleth = Sabaean - Minaean....................................51
Daleth = Sinai...........................................................52
3
Daleth = Greek..........................................................53
Heh = Monumental, Coin, Gem................................54
Heh = Sinai...............................................................55
Heh = Sinai...............................................................56
Heh = Square - Papyri 5th - 8th................................57
Heh = Square - Papyri 5th - 8th (-2)..........................58
Heh = Monumental, Cursive, Coin, Gem..................59
Heh = Phoenician & Monumental.............................60
Vaw = Extended to Alpha..........................................61
Vaw = No Alpha Line.................................................62
Vaw = Perseus alternative........................................63
Zayin = Book Hand, Samaria....................................64
Zayin = Coin Script....................................................65
Zayin = Early Hebrew................................................66
Zayin = Early Hebrew -2 curves................................67
Zayin = Early North Semitic......................................68
Zayin = Seal and Gem Script....................................69
Zayin = Sinai, Early North Semitic.............................70
Zayin = Sinai Sledge.................................................71
Zayin = Egyptian Sledge...........................................72
Zayin = Gezer Monumental, Cursive.........................73
Zayin = Gezer, Monumental - no Al Nath.................74
Zayin = Sinai Parallel Lines.......................................75
Heth = Six views.......................................................76
Heth = Byblos Byblian...............................................77
Heth = Classical Greek.............................................77
Heth = Gezer Monumental........................................78
Heth = Gezer, Phoenician.........................................79
Heth = Lachish Letters..............................................80
Heth = Sinai..............................................................80
Heth = Phoenician, Monumental...............................81
Heth = Sinai Twisted Hank........................................82
Teth = Two Views......................................................83
Yod = Greek & Latin..................................................85
Yod = Gezer, Moabite...............................................86
Yod = Sinai Hand......................................................86
Kaf = Early North Semitic..........................................87
Kaf = Gezer...............................................................87
Kaf = Moabite, Phoenician........................................88
Kaf = Sinai................................................................89
Lamed = Hebrew.......................................................90
Lamed = Sinai Spiral form.........................................90
Lamed = Sinai, Tel - Ed - Duweir...............................91
Lamed = Spiral form..................................................91
Mem = Byblos, Moabite Stone..................................92
Mem = Gezer, Moabite, Coin Script..........................93
Mem = Sinai waters form..........................................94
Mem = Sinai waters form - v2...................................94
Nun = Early Hebrew, Phoenician, Moabite Stone.....95
Nun = Modern Hebrew..............................................96
Nun = Seal & Gem, Macabean.................................97
Nun = Sinai...............................................................98
Nun = Sinai Snake, Cobra........................................99
Samech = Gezer, North Semitic................................99
Samech = Sinai.......................................................100
Samech = Sinai - v2................................................100
Ayin = North Semitic, Hebrew.................................101
Ayin = Egyptian Eye................................................101
4
Peh = Moabite Stone, Phoenician...........................102

Peh = North Semitic................................................103
Peh = Sinai, Greek..................................................104
Peh = Sinai.............................................................105
Tzade = Gezer........................................................106
Tzade = Phoenician................................................107
Kof = Early Hebrew, Greek.....................................108
Kof = Gezer.............................................................109
Kof = Monumental...................................................110
Kof = Phoenician.....................................................111
Kof = Phoenician - v2..............................................112
Kof = Siloam Tunnel................................................113
Kof = Sinai...............................................................113
Resh = Byblos.........................................................114
Resh = Greek..........................................................115
Resh = Phoenician..................................................115
Resh = Seal and Gem Script...................................116
Resh = Sinai - v3.....................................................116
Resh = Sinai Head Form.........................................117
Resh = Sinai............................................................117
Shin = Early Hebrew, North Semitic........................118
Shin = Early Hebrew, North Semitic........................118
Tav = Gezer, Monumental.......................................119
Tav = Sinai, Phoenician, Seal Script.......................120
5
Astronomical Alphabet List

Key:
# Hebrew letter = Constellation
Hebrew Letter meanings
1 Aleph = Lyra
Ox, A Bull, Cattle, A Bull Head
2 Beth = Ursa Minor
House, Temple, Daughter, Woman
3 Gimel = Cassiopeia
Camel, Throw Stick
4 Daleth = Cepheus
Door, (Dal=bucket, Draw Water)
5 Heh = Ursa Major
Lo!, the, Window
6 Vaw = Andromeda
Peg, Hook, Pin, And, Therefore
7 Zayin = Auriga
Weapon, Olive? (To Move, Rise)
8 Heth = Hercules
‘H’, Fence, (To Destroy)
9 Teth = Ophiuchius
‘T’, Serpent, Cross In Circle
10 Yod = Northern Polar Stars
Hand, (Strength, Power, A Sign)
11 Kaf = Libra
Palm Of Hand, A Measure, Double
12 Lamed = Cygnus
Goad, Ox-goad, (To Learn)
13 Mem = Sagittarius
Water
14 Nun = Draco
Fish
15 Samech = Capricorn
Prop, Fish
16 Ayin = Corona Borealis
Eye, Well, Spring Of Water
17 Peh = Canis Major
Mouth
18 Tzade = Leo
Fish-hook
19 Kof = Cancer
Back Of Head, (Monkey, Circuit)
20 Resh = Delphinus
Head, Face, First, Chief
21 Shin = Virgo
Tooth, Teeth
22 Tav = Bootes
Wild Ox, Mark, To, End
6
Aleph = Early North Semitic

Constellation: Lyra
1_ALEPH_Early_North_Semitic.bmp
7
Aleph = Greek Ox Head Form

Constellation: Lyra
1_ALEPH_Greek_Ox_Head_Form.bmp
8
Aleph = Full Ox Head Form -3

Constellation: Lyra
1_ALEPH_Full_Ox_Head_Form-3.bmp
9
Aleph = Gezer Calendar

Constellation: Lyra
1_ALEPH_Gezer_Calendar.bmp
10
Aleph = Moabite Stone

Constellation: Lyra
1_ALEPH_Moabite_Stone.bmp
11
Aleph = North-Semitic Cursive

Constellation: Lyra
1_ALEPH_North-Semitic_Cursive.bmp
12
Aleph = Phoenician
Constellation: Lyra
1_ALEPH_Phoenician.bmp
13
Aleph = Sinai
Constellation: Lyra
1_ALEPH_Sinai.bmp
14
Aleph = Sinai Ox Head Form

Constellation: Lyra
1_ALEPH_Sinai_Ox_Head_Form.bmp
15
Aleph = Sinai Ox Head Form -2

Constellation: Lyra
1_ALEPH_Sinai_Ox_Head_Form-2.bmp
16
Aleph = Sinai Ox Head With Ear

Constellation: Lyra
1_ALEPH_Sinai_Ox_Head_with_ear.bmp
17
Aleph = Sinai - 3
Constellation: Lyra
1_ALEPH_Sinai-3.bmp
18
Beth = Egyptian Courtyard

Constellation: Lyra
2_BETH_Egyptian_Courtyard.bmp
19
Beth = Egyptian Temple

Constellation: Ursa Minor
2_BETH_Egyptian_Temple.bmp
20
Beth = Hebrew Square Form

2_BETH_Hebrew_Square_form.bmp
21
Beth = Hebrew Square Form -2

2_BETH_Hebrew_Square_form-2.bmp
22
Beth = Old Greek

2_BETH_Old_Greek.bmp
23
Beth = Old Greek -2

2_BETH_Old_Greek-2.bmp
24
Beth = Old Greek -3

2_BETH_Old_Greek-3.bmp
25
Beth = Phoenician 1000 BCE

2_BETH_Phoenician_1000_BCE.bmp
26
Beth = Sinai
2_BETH_Sinai.bmp
Beth = Sinai and Open Rectangle

2_BETH_Sinai_Adjoining__Open_Rectangles.bmp
27
Beth = Sinai and Closed Rectangle

2_BETH_Sinai_Adjoining_Rectangles.bmp
Beth = Sinai House

2_BETH_Sinai_House.bmp
28
Beth = Sinai Rectangular Form

2_BETH_Sinai_Rectangular_form.bmp
29
Gamma = Greek - Curved

Euboa - Korinth
Constellation: Cassiopeia
3_GAMMA_Greek-Curved_Euboa-Korinth.BMP
30
Gamma = Old Greek

3_GAMMA_Old_Greek.BMP
31
Gimel = Egyptian Corner & Throw Stick

3_GIMEL_Egyptian_Corner+Throw_Stick.BMP
32
Gimel = Egyptian Corner -3

3_GIMEL_Egyptian_Corner-3.bmp
33
Gimel = Hebrew
3_GIMEL_Hebrew.BMP
34
Gimel = Phoenician
3_GIMEL_Phoenician_2.bmp
35
Gimel = Phoenician - Byblian

3_GIMEL_Phoenician_Byblian-1-5.BMP
36
Gimel = Phoenician Gebal # 1 + 2

3_GIMEL_Phoenician_Gebal#1+2-BAK.BMP
37
Gimel = Roman
3_GIMEL_Roman.BMP
38
Gimel = Roman Curved

3_GIMEL_Roman-Curved.BMP
39
Gimel = Tell - Ed - Duweir

3_GIMEL_Tell-Ed-Duweir.bmp
40
Daleth = Balu
Constellation: Cepheus
4_DALETH_Balu.bmp
41
Daleth = Balu, Sinai, Thamudean

4_DALETH_Balu_Sinai_Thamudean.BMP
42
Daleth = Balu, Sinai, Thamudean,

& Safatic
4_DALETH_Balu_Sinai_Thamudean_Safatic.BMP
43
Daleth = Lachish Letters

4_DALETH_Lachish_Letters.BMP
44
Daleth = Monumental
4_DALETH_Monumental.bmp
45
Daleth = Old Semitic

4_DALETH_Old_Semitic.BMP
46
Daleth = Old Semitic -2

4_Daleth_Old_Semitic-2.bmp
47
Daleth = Old Semitic -3

4_Daleth_Old_Semitic-3.bmp
48
Daleth = Phoenician
4_DALETH_Phoenician.BMP
49
Daleth = Phoenician Long Oval

4_Daleth_Phoenician_Long_Oval.bmp
50
Daleth = Phoenician Oval

4_DALETH_Phoenician_Oval.BMP
51
Daleth = Sabaean - Minaean

4_DALETH_Sabaean-Minaean.BMP
52
Daleth = Sinai
4_DALETH_Sinai.BMP
53
Daleth = Greek
4_Delta_Greek.bmp
54
Heh = Monumental, Coin, Gem

Constellation: Ursa Major
5_HEH_Hebrew_MONUMENTAL-coin-gem-2.BMP
55
Heh = Sinai
5_HEH_Hebrew_Sinai.BMP
56
Heh = Sinai
5_HEH_Hebrew_Sinai-NORTH.BMP
57
Heh = Square - Papyri 5th - 8th

5_HEH_Hebrew_Square_Papyri-5-8th.bmp
58
Heh = Square - Papyri 5th - 8th (-2)

5_HEH_Hebrew_Square_Papyri-5-8th-2.BMP
59
Heh = Monumental, Cursive, Coin, Gem

5_HEH_Monumental_Cursive_coin_gem.bmp
60
Heh = Phoenician & Monumental

5_HEH_Phoenician+Monumental_fig30.BMP
61
Vaw = Extended to Alpha

Constellation: Andromeda
6_Vaw_Andromeda-Alpha.BMP
62
Vaw = No Alpha Line

Constellation: Andromeda
6_Vaw_Andromeda-no-Alpha-line.BMP
63
Vaw = Perseus alternative

Constellation: Perseus
(Perseus is used in this star map study.)
6_Vaw_Perseus_Alternative.bmp
64
Zayin = Book Hand, Samaria

Constellation: Auriga
7_ZAYIN_Auriga_Book_Hand_Samaria.BMP
65
Zayin = Coin Script

7_ZAYIN_Auriga_Coin_Script.BMP
66
Zayin = Early Hebrew

7_ZAYIN_Auriga_Early_Hebrew.BMP
67
Zayin = Early Hebrew -2 curves

7_ZAYIN_Auriga_Early_Hebrew-2_curves.BMP
68
Zayin = Early North Semitic

7_ZAYIN_Auriga_Early_North_Semitic.BMP
69
Zayin = Seal and Gem Script

7_ZAYIN_Auriga_Seal_and_Gem_Script.BMP
70
Zayin = Sinai, Early North Semitic

7_ZAYIN_Auriga_Sinai_Early_N_Semitic.BMP
71
Zayin = Sinai Sledge

7_ZAYIN_Auriga_Sinai_Sledge_bottom.BMP
72
Zayin = Egyptian Sledge

7_ZAYIN_Egyptian_Sledge.BMP
73
Zayin = Gezer Monumental, Cursive

7_ZAYIN_Gezer_Monumental_cursive.BMP
74
Zayin = Gezer, Monumental

- no Al Nath
7_ZAYIN_Gezer_Monumental_No_AlNath.BMP
75
Zayin = Sinai Parallel Lines

7_ZAYIN_Sinai_Parallel_Lines.BMP
76
Heth = Six views

Constellation: Hercules
8_HETH_6_views.bmp
77
Heth = Byblos Byblian

8_HETH_Hercules_Byblos_Byblian.bmp
Heth = Classical Greek

8_HETH_Hercules_Classical_Greek.bmp
78
Heth = Gezer Monumental

8_HETH_Hercules_Gezer_Monumental.bmp
79
Heth = Gezer, Phoenician

8_HETH_Hercules_Gezer_Phoenician.bmp
80
Heth = Lachish Letters

8_HETH_Hercules_Lachish-Letters.bmp
Heth = Sinai
8_HETH_Hercules_Sinai_Origin-fig81.bmp
81
Heth = Phoenician, Monumental

8_HETH_Hercules_Phoen_Monumental.bmp
82
Heth = Sinai Twisted Hank

8_HETH_Hercules_Sinai_Twisted_Hank.bmp
83
Teth = Two Views

Constellation: Ophiuchus
9_TETH_2_views.bmp
84
Yod = Early Greek

Northern Polar Constellations
10_IOTA_Polar_Stars_Early_Greek.bmp
85
Yod = Greek & Latin

10_IOTA_Polar_Stars_Greek+Latin.bmp
86
Yod = Gezer, Moabite

10_YOD_Polar_Stars_Gezer_Moabite.bmp
Yod = Sinai Hand

10_YOD_Polar_Stars_Sinai_Hand_form.bmp
87
Kaf = Early North Semitic

Constellation: Libra
11_KAF_Libra_Early_North_Semitic.bmp
Kaf = Gezer
11_KAF_Libra_Gezer.bmp
88
Kaf = Moabite, Phoenician

11_KAF_Libra_Moabite_Phoenician.bmp
89
Kaf = Sinai
11_KAF_Libra_Sinai.bmp
90
Lamed = Hebrew
Constellation: Cygnus
12_LAMED_Cygnus_Hebrew.bmp
Lamed = Sinai Spiral form

12_LAMED_Cygnus_Sinai_spiral_form.bmp
91
Lamed = Sinai, Tel - Ed - Duweir

12_LAMED_Cygnus_Sinai_Tel-ed-Duweir.bmp
Lamed = Spiral form

12_LAMED_Cygnus_Spiral_form.bmp
92
Mem = Byblos, Moabite Stone

Constellation: Sagittarius
13_MEM_Sagittarius_Byblos_Moabite.bmp
93
Mem = Gezer, Moabite, Coin Script

13_MEM_Sagittarius_Gezer_Moabite_Coin.bmp
94
Mem = Sinai waters form

13_MEM_Sagittarius_Sinai_Waters_form.bmp
Mem = Sinai waters form - v2

13_MEM_Sagittarius_Sinai_Waters_form-2.bmp
95
Nun = Early Hebrew, Phoenician,

Moabite Stone
Constellation: Draco
14_NUN_Draco_Early_Hebrew_Pho_Moabite.bmp
96
Nun = Modern Hebrew

14_NUN_Draco_Modern_Hebrew.bmp
97
Nun = Seal & Gem, Macabean

14_NUN_Draco_Seal+Gem_Macabean.bmp
98
Nun = Sinai
14_NUN_Draco_Sinai_fig81-82_Originof.bmp
99
Nun = Sinai Snake, Cobra

14_NUN_Draco_Sinai_Snake_Cobra.bmp
Samech = Gezer, North Semitic

Constellation: Capricorn
15_SAMECH_Capricorn_Gezer_N-Semitic.bmp
100
Samech = Sinai
15_SAMECH_Capricorn_Sinai_fig81_fish.bmp
Samech = Sinai - v2
15_SAMECH_Capricorn_Sinai-2_fig81_fish.bmp
101
Ayin = North Semitic, Hebrew

Constellation: Corona Borealis
16_AYIN_Corona_Borealis_N_Semitic_Heb.bmp
Ayin = Egyptian Eye

Constellation: Corona Borealis
16_AYIN_CoronaB_Egyptian-Eye_Fig81.bmp
102
Peh = Moabite Stone, Phoenician

Constellation: Canis Major
17_PEH_Canis_Major_Moabite_Phoenician.bmp
103
Peh = North Semitic

17_PEH_Canis_Major_North_Semitic.bmp
104
Peh = Sinai, Greek

17_PEH_Canis_Major_Sinai_Class_Greek.bmp
105
Peh = Sinai
17_PEH_Canis_Major_Sinai_milkyway-mouth.bmp
106
Tzade = Gezer
Constellation: Leo
18_TZADE_Leo_Gezer_Diringer_fig30.bmp
107
Tzade = Phoenician
Constellation: Leo
18_TZADE_Leo_Phoenician_Diringer_fig52.bmp
108
Kof = Early Hebrew, Greek

Constellation: Cancer
19_KOF_Cancer+Hydra_Early-Hebrew_Greek.bmp
109
Kof = Gezer
19_KOF_Cancer+Hydra_Gezer.bmp
110
Kof = Monumental
19_KOF_Cancer+Hydra_Monumental.bmp
111
Kof = Phoenician
19_KOF_Cancer+Hydra_Phoenician.bmp
112
Kof = Phoenician - v2
19_KOF_Cancer+Hydra_Phoenician-2.bmp
113
Kof = Siloam Tunnel

19_KOF_Cancer+Hydra_Siloam-Tunnel.bmp
Kof = Sinai
19_KOF_Cancer+Hydra_Sinai.bmp
114
Resh = Byblos
Constellation: Delphinus
20_RESH_Delphinus_Byblos.bmp
115
Resh = Greek
20_RESH_Delphinus_Greek.bmp
Resh = Phoenician
20_RESH_Delphinus_Phoenician.bmp
116
Resh = Seal and Gem Script

20_RESH_Delphinus_Seal+Gem-Script.bmp
Resh = Sinai - v3
20_RESH_Delphinus_Sinai_form-3.bmp
117
Resh = Sinai Head Form

20_RESH_Delphinus_Sinai_Head-form.bmp
Resh = Sinai
20_RESH_Delphinus_Sinai_Origin-fig81.bmp
118
Shin = Early Hebrew, North Semitic

Constellation: Virgo
21_SHIN_Virgo_Early-Hebrew_N-Semitic.bmp
Shin = Early Hebrew, North Semitic

Constellation: Virgo
21_SHIN_Virgo_Early-Hebrew_N-Semitic-2.bmp
119
Tav = Gezer, Monumental

Constellation: Bootes
22_TAV_Bootes_Gezer_Monumental.bmp
120
Tav = Sinai, Phoenician, Seal Script

Constellation: Bootes
22_TAV_Bootes_Sinai_Phoenician_Seal.bmp

Astronomical Alphabet Archives

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1

Astronomical Alphabet Archives

An explanation of how and why the alphabet letters fit

Peh = Moabite Stone, Phoenician...........................102

Astronomical Alphabet List

Aleph = Early North Semitic

Aleph = Greek Ox Head Form

Aleph = Full Ox Head Form -3

Aleph = Gezer Calendar

Aleph = Moabite Stone

Aleph = North-Semitic Cursive

Aleph = Sinai Ox Head Form

Aleph = Sinai Ox Head Form -2

Aleph = Sinai Ox Head With Ear

Beth = Egyptian Courtyard

Beth = Egyptian Temple

Beth = Hebrew Square Form

Beth = Hebrew Square Form -2

Beth = Old Greek

Beth = Old Greek -2

Beth = Old Greek -3

Beth = Phoenician 1000 BCE

Beth = Sinai and Open Rectangle

Beth = Sinai and Closed Rectangle

Beth = Sinai House

Beth = Sinai Rectangular Form

Gamma = Greek - Curved

Gamma = Old Greek

Gimel = Egyptian Corner & Throw Stick

Gimel = Egyptian Corner -3

Gimel = Phoenician - Byblian

Gimel = Phoenician Gebal # 1 + 2

Gimel = Roman Curved

Gimel = Tell - Ed - Duweir

Daleth = Balu, Sinai, Thamudean

Daleth = Balu, Sinai, Thamudean,

Daleth = Lachish Letters

Daleth = Old Semitic

Daleth = Old Semitic -2

Daleth = Old Semitic -3

Daleth = Phoenician Long Oval

Daleth = Phoenician Oval

Daleth = Sabaean - Minaean

Heh = Monumental, Coin, Gem

Heh = Square - Papyri 5th - 8th

Heh = Square - Papyri 5th - 8th (-2)

Heh = Monumental, Cursive, Coin, Gem

Heh = Phoenician & Monumental

Vaw = Extended to Alpha

Vaw = No Alpha Line

Vaw = Perseus alternative

Zayin = Book Hand, Samaria

Zayin = Coin Script

Zayin = Early Hebrew

Zayin = Early Hebrew -2 curves

Zayin = Early North Semitic

Zayin = Seal and Gem Script

Zayin = Sinai, Early North Semitic

Zayin = Sinai Sledge

Zayin = Egyptian Sledge

Zayin = Gezer Monumental, Cursive

Zayin = Gezer, Monumental

Zayin = Sinai Parallel Lines