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English Speaking Board

ESB Level 3 Certificate in ESOL International All Modes


(C2)

Contents of this Paper

Section Number of Questions Weighting for Section


Listening
Part One
Section A 5
Section B 5
Part Two 10 20%
Reading
Part One 7
Part Two 8 20%
Use of English
Part One 10
Part Two 10
Part Three 10
Part Four 10
Part Five 10 20%
Writing 1 20%
The remaining 20% is for your speaking test

Total Time Allowed: 3 Hours

You should attempt all sections of this paper.

The use of dictionaries or notes or any electronic device is not permitted in


this examination.

Answers for the Listening, Reading and Use of English are to be put on the
OPTICAL MARK FORM.
USE THE WRITING ANSWER BOOKLET for your answer to the Writing
Section.
This question paper will NOT BE MARKED

DO NOT OPEN THE EXAMINATION PAPER UNTIL YOU ARE TOLD TO DO SO.

ESB Level 3C2 2008 C Page 1


ESB Level 3 Listening (Part One – Section A)

Listen to the first section of a radio phone-in programme about Fairtrade,


the movement which seeks to give a fair deal to farmers in poor countries.
For questions 1 – 5, choose the correct answer A, B or C. You will hear
Section A TWICE. You have one minute to read the questions for Section A.

1. According to Harriet, the Fairtrade movement


A. aims to cut out the middle men.
B. provides a safety net for poverty-stricken farmers.
C. negotiates the market price on behalf of poor farmers.

2. Harriet suggests that


A. multinationals are worried about the competition from Fairtrade.
B. multinationals engineered the collapse of coffee prices in 1980s.
C. some multinationals are jumping on the bandwagon.

3. As far as prices are concerned


A. consumers pay at least 5% more for Fairtrade products.
B. Fairtrade products cost about 50% less than they did in 2005.
C. Fairtrade products used to be much more expensive than other products.

4. Harriet accepts that Fairtrade


A. can only make a small difference to producers‟ living standards.
B. does not operate entirely within the free market.
C. only attracts more affluent customers.

5. Harriet maintains that one of Fairtrade’s major successes is


A changing consumers‟ attitudes in the West.
B. putting an end to child labour.
C. stabilising commodity prices.

ESB Level 3C2 2008 C Page 2


ESB Level 3 Listening (Part One – Section B)

Listen to the second section of the radio phone-in programme about


Fairtrade. For questions 6 – 10, choose the correct answer A, B or C. You
will hear Section B TWICE. You have one minute to read the questions for
Section B.

6. Tony accuses the Fairtrade movement of


A. incompetence.
B. hypocrisy.
C. naivety.

7. Tony’s attack on Fairtrade focuses on


A. issues of quality only.
B. quality issues and lack of strategic planning.
C. unsustainable farming practices.

8. According to Tony, those who ‘claim the moral high ground’ are
A. consumers with a troubled conscience.
B. supermarkets in the West.
C. civil servants in the third world.

9. Tony’s attitude to Fairtrade can be summed up as


A. unsentimental.
B. cynical.
C. irrational.

10. The presenter’s stance can be described as


A. very much in favour of Harriet‟s view point.
B. hostile towards Tony.
C. slightly more in favour of Harriet‟s viewpoint than Tony‟s.

Remember to transfer your answers onto the Optical Mark Form.

ESB Level 3C2 2008 C Page 3


ESB Level 3 Listening (Part Two)

Listen to three conversations and for questions 11 – 20, choose the correct
answer A, B or C. You will hear each conversation TWICE. You have two
minutes to read the questions.

Conversation One

11. Sally’s first objection to the scheme is that


A. it will add to the traffic problems in the city centre.
B. similar schemes have proved unsuccessful in other locations.
C. people will not switch to public transport.

12. Jane suggests that she


A. would not take her car if there were alternative, suitable transport.
B. uses her car because she has to get to work early.
C. would use her car every day if she had to pay for a parking spot.

13. According to Jane, the problem with the bus service is that
A. the bus lanes in the city centre cause traffic jams.
B. she has to walk a long way to get to the bus stop in the morning.
C. buses are just as prone to the effects of congestion as cars.

14. The tone of the conversation is


A. confrontational.
B. light-hearted.
C. apprehensive.

Conversation Two

15. Sarah
A. seems to have similar interests to Doug.
B. does not wish to take on additional courses.
C. is unlikely to go with Doug to his classes.

16. Sarah implies that she would like to study a language that
A. she could use when she goes on holiday.
B. might be useful for her business career.
C. would be something out of the ordinary.

17. Sarah and Doug agree that


A. Chinese is a useful language to learn for the future.
B. the best choice is one that will give them a new skill.
C. it is best to study something you are interested in.

ESB Level 3C2 2008 C Page 4


Conversation Three

18. At the start of the conversation, Lisa and Tom


A. agree that the question is unrealistic.
B. digress from the question.
C. misunderstand the question.

19. Lisa and Tom


A. disagree over what motivates people to work.
B. believe that job satisfaction counts over salary.
C. share some views on motivation.

20. Tom’s philosophy can be best summarised as:


A. avoid spending too much time at work.
B. work is an end in itself.
C. work in order to live better.

Remember to transfer your answers onto the Optical Mark Form.

ESB Level 3C2 2008 C Page 5


ESB Level 3 Reading (Part One)

Read the text about product placement and for questions 21 – 27, choose
the correct answer A, B, C or D.

Product Placement

Judged on face value, Shane Meadows' new film, Somers Town, is honest,
earthy and affecting. Two lonesome teenagers, one British, one Polish, befriend
each other on the streets of London. They hang out, get drunk and, having
become infatuated with a French waitress, follow her to Paris. Half-an-hour into
the film, one of the characters has an announcement to make. "Today, I went on
a fast train through the tunnel, under the English Channel," he says. "It only takes
a couple of hours from London to Paris. Not bad, eh?"

Under normal circumstances, this remark would sail by unnoticed, but these are
not normal circumstances. When filmgoers realise that Meadows' movie is
entirely funded by Eurostar, the company that operates the rail link described in
such glowing terms, it's hard not to hear the line as a sales pitch. Maybe it even
makes you question the integrity of the film as a whole. Is Somers Town a
pureblood Meadows‟ work in the vein of his earlier widely-acclaimed films or is it
something more slippery and suspect: "a covert advertising campaign", as the
film's Wikipedia entry puts it; "essentially an advert," in the opinion of CNN.

Is there a precedent here? Product placement is almost as old as cinema itself,


with the first recorded incident in the film Wings, in 1927. Brandchannel.com
reports that there are fifteen "featured brands" in The Dark Knight and a
whopping ninety-five in Sex and the City; „Prada‟ is mentioned by name no fewer
than twelve times alone! Although the likes of The Island and I, Robot may not
have as many brands being name-checked, these films have faced criticism for
the far more heinous offence of allegedly subjugating the plot to the
advertisements.

It's hard to say how much money changes hands in these deals: product
placement at the cinema remains entirely unregulated, both in the US and in the
foreign markets that screen its films. The numbers are presumably buried deep in
the studio accounts. If nothing else, Somers Town deserves points for
transparency. Meadows‟ film is not a rag-bag of promiscuous product
placement, but something else entirely - a tough, tender film that was
nonetheless bought, and paid for, by one major company.

Barnaby Spurrier, the film's producer, prefers to frame it in terms of artistic


sponsorship. Eurostar might just have easily commissioned an artwork by a
renowned artist. Instead they took a punt on a picture by Meadows, one of the
UK's most talented and distinctive film-makers. "I do understand the suspicions,
but I wish people would not prejudge," Spurrier says. "It's so difficult to get British
films made that any form of new finance deserves to be explored. The fact is that
Shane made this under the exact same conditions as he'd make any film."

So what's in it for Eurostar? Spurrier explains that they own the print and will get
the revenue - assuming, as now seems likely, the film turns in a profit. Eurostar‟s
marketing director, goes a step further, admitting that Eurostar has already

ESB Level 3C2 2008 C Page 6


benefited from its association with The Da Vinci Code, courtesy of a multi-million
dollar deal with Columbia Pictures. Film, he says, makes a particular impact. "If
people are seeing St Pancras, the station where parts of The Da Vinci Code were
shot, and the regeneration we've been involved in, then that obviously helps our
reputation. If that makes them more likely to go on a Eurostar train, then that's
good as well."

21. According to the author, the main characters in Somers Town


A. spend most of the film travelling by train.
B. fall out over a girl.
C. are lonely because they are new to London.
D. travel abroad looking for romance.

22. The writer states that the financial backing for Somers Town
A. has devalued the director‟s reputation for honesty.
B. is not the only reason for poor reviews of the film.
C. potentially changes the way an audience may regard the film.
D. is likely to start a new trend in advertising.

23. The writer implies that the biggest problem with product placement is
that
A. films include excessive numbers of adverts for brands.
B. companies do not disclose how much is spent on such promotion.
C. film-makers can be forced to manipulate the story to include the adverts.
D. audiences are annoyed by the length of the advertisements.

24. Promiscuous in paragraph 4 could best be replaced by


A. immoral.
B. shameless.
C. unrestrained.
D. abandoned.

25. Supporters of Shane Meadows argue that


A. any new source of funding for the arts should be welcomed.
B. Eurostar is unlikely to benefit from the film.
C. companies are more likely to buy artwork than fund films.
D. reservations about Eurostar‟s involvement are nonsensical.

26. Punt in paragraph 5 could best be replaced by


A. hazard.
B. stake.
C. speculation.
D. gamble.

27. The company backing Somers Town


A. is disappointed at the profits compared to those from previous deals.
B. has used the money generated by film sponsorship to improve facilities.
C. believes that the medium of film is an effective form of promotion.
D. has seen passenger increases solely due to advertising in films.

ESB Level 3C2 2008 C Page 7


ESB Level 3 Reading (Part Two)

Read the text about Krakatoa and for questions 28 – 35, choose the correct
answer A, B, C or D.

The Legacy Of Krakatoa

One hundred and twenty-five years ago, the biggest bang the inhabited world has
ever known occurred. Indonesia's Krakatoa volcano erupted with the force of
13,000 Hiroshima atom bombs. It propelled a trillion cubic feet of debris into the
air, and made a noise loud enough to be heard 1,930 miles away in Australia.
The explosions, fallout and resulting tidal wave killed 36,417 people in Java and
Sumatra. Wind streams blew the fine ash as far away as New York; sea levels
were raised in the English Channel, and over the following year, global
temperatures were reduced by 1.2˚C.

Today, the remains of one of Indonesia's most active volcanoes continue to spit
and bubble in the waters between Java and Sumatra. Now part of Ujung Kulon
National Park, it is known as Anak Krakatoa, or Krakatoa's child, a post-collapse
cone which has emerged from the original volcano and now stands about 600ft
above sea level. On the anniversary of the 1883 eruption, locals and tourists will
remember the catastrophe when they visit Anak during the annual Krakatoa
Festival – not exactly a celebration, more of a cultural commemoration of one of
history's most momentous natural disasters.

Richard Arculus, a professor of geology at the Australian National University, will


be sorry not to be there. "It's got a kind of status. You can go to the lip of the
crater and sometimes, if it's not erupting, you will see an active vent with smoke
and steam coming out of it," he said. While it is not the most orthodox of tourist
attractions, it pulls a steady stream of visitors excited by the Hollywood version of
events, immortalised by the 1969 film Krakatoa, East of Java. "It's certainly a bit
of a haul to get there, but there are plenty of people willing to hire a boat and
make the voyage." What they see is that there is very little greenery on Anak
Krakatoa itself apart from some stunted vegetation around the perimeter.
Professor Arculus added, "If it stopped erupting, if ash stopped coming out of it, it
would be colonised by tropical vegetation very quickly.”

Krakatoa has provided writers and film-makers with a feast of stories. The most
extraordinary tale, apparently confirmed by the official report into the tragedy,
involved a quarry manager who told how he was swept off the roof of his three-
storey office by the tidal wave, only to be saved by a passing crocodile. As he
cascaded through the jungle propelled by the giant wave, he spotted the croc
beside him and leapt on its back. Safely aboard, he dug his thumbs into the
creature's eye sockets and was carried along for the next few miles until he was
dumped on the jungle floor.

Myth or not, it is part of the folklore of Krakatoa, which sits astride the same
faultline responsible for 2004 earthquake off the coast of Sumatra which resulted
in the dreadful tsunami that stuck Thailand. Surprisingly, the volcanic eruption of
l883 was not as severe as more recent seismic movements. Professor Arculus
explains that "the problem around Krakatoa was that there was a big population
living around the Sumatran and Javan shores, and because, unlike today, they
were only a few kilometres away, they copped a lot of it, but the tsunami of 1883

ESB Level 3C2 2008 C Page 8


was relatively trivial in size." But there is no real worry about an eruption, at least
for the moment. It will take several thousands of years before the volcano has the
potential to erupt again.

28. According to the text, the eruption of Krakatoa, in 1883


A. caused damage in places as far away as America.
B. had effects that were truly world-wide.
C. created a tidal wave that killed over 36,000 people.
D. was equivalent in scale to today‟s nuclear weapons.

29. The text states that Krakatoa today


A. has two active volcanoes on the site.
B. presents little to see above the surface of the sea.
C. is situated in a protected nature reserve.
D. has changed little since the explosion of 1883.

30. Orthodox in paragraph 3 can be best replaced by


A. approved.
B. mainstream.
C. standard.
D. conformist.

31. Stunted in paragraph 3 can be best replaced by


A. diminutive.
B. immature.
C. underdeveloped.
D. miniature.

32. The writer implies that the story about the crocodile
A. is a complete work of fiction.
B. was investigated at the time of the disaster.
C. is evidence of the force of the explosion.
D. was made up a few years after the tsunami.

33. According to the text, Krakatoa’s great eruption of 1883


A. was in part responsible for the 2004 earthquake.
B. affected Thailand as badly as it did Sumatra and Java.
C. has been eclipsed in scale by earthquakes in the last decade.
D. created a faultline on the coast of Sumatra.

34. Professor Arculus implies that the next major eruption of Krakatoa
A. is unlikely to cause as much loss of life as in 1883.
B. would result in a minor tsunami.
C. presents a current world-wide threat.
D. is something geologists express concerns over.

35. Copped a lot of it in paragraph 5 can be best replaced by the phrase


A. avoided the worst of the tidal wave.
B. bore the brunt of the disaster.
C. witnessed the explosion of the volcano.
D. were unaffected by the effects of Krakatoa.

Remember to transfer your answers onto the Optical Mark Form.

ESB Level 3C2 2008 C Page 9


ESB Level 3 Use of English (Part One)

For questions 36 – 45, choose the correct answer, A, B, C or D.

36. Dora __________ Sam the money. She won’t get it back.
A. will never have lent C. cannot have lent
B. might not have lent D. should never have lent

37. I was not on time for the exam, __________ my dad gave me a lift.
A. despite C. had not
B. had D. even though

38. Can you see that yacht? It _____________ having some problems.
A. looks like C. looks to be
B. looks as if D. looks as though

39. The report __________ today will have serious repercussions.


A. which published C. having published
B. to have been published D. being published

40. Seldom __________ that year without me wondering where she had
gone.
A. does a day go by C. had a day gone
B. was a day gone D. did a day go by

41. He categorically denied __________ with it.


A. to do anything C. doing
B. having anything to do D. being to do

42. He would have gone to court _____________ the threats they made.
A. not without C. but for
B. given that D. if only

43. With no shops in the village, it was __________ boring for Vanessa.
A. awful C. absolutely
B. fundamentally D. pretty

44. ______________ for the book, Terry knocked the cup of tea over.
A In reaching C To reach
B Reached D With reaching

45. This CD is not __________ as good as the one we bought last month.
A. almost C. about
B. nearly D. really

ESB Level 3C2 2008 C Page 10


ESB Level 3 Use of English (Part Two)
For questions 46 – 55, choose the correct answer A, B, C or D

46. The medicine seemed to work without any __________ side effects.
A. remarkable C. distinguishing
B. discernable D. realised

47. He lost his job but found __________ in the large pay-off he received.
A. cheer C. security
B. relief D. solace

48. Our teacher is always __________ me and making me look stupid.


A. frowning on C. doing down
B. picking on D. dressing down

49. The lawyer tried to ask a question but was __________ by the judge.
A. rejected C. reversed
B. overruled D. overridden

50. Despite being quite skinny, she had a __________ appetite.


A. predatory C. ravenous
B. greedy D. voracious

51. I don’t like what you’re __________. Are you suggesting I stole it?
A. getting across C. making up
B. driving at D. letting on

52. Bill hasn’t convinced anyone with his argument – he’s __________.
A. on a wild goose chase C. fighting like cat and dog.
B. got the lion‟s share D. flogging a dead horse

53. He thinks he’s such an intellectual, but he’s really just __________
and long-winded.
A. precocious C. overstated
B. Ostentatious D. pretentious

54. Despite all his hard work, Sam was __________ for promotion again.
A. put off C. set aside
B. let down D. passed over

55. I would lend you some money but I am __________ for cash today.
A. bust C. broke
B. strapped D. ruined

ESB Level 3C2 2008 C Page 11


ESB Level 3 Use of English (Part Three)

For questions 56 – 65, read the text below and write ONE word in each
blank space to make the passage grammatically correct and meaningful.

The Hidden Benefits of Tourism for Peru

Machu Picchu, the awesome, mountain-top Inca citadel in Peru, now draws
800,000 tourists annually, but the recent headlines from the South American
country look bleak on first inspection: tourist hordes and huge new hotels
endangering Machu Picchu. A wonder of the world is cracking
(56)_____________ the seams. However, concealed behind these gloomy
headlines are reasons to cheer. In the past decade, tourist numbers to Peru
have doubled and this year looks like being the busiest by (57)____________.

The boom has sparked warnings from heritage experts that fragile sites are at
(58)___________. Efforts to direct some of the flow of visitors away from Machu
Picchu (59)___________ directly exposed other sites, which are even
(60)____________ well protected. Locals have complained that the influx
enriches tour operators and luxury hotels, but completely (61)___________ the
impoverished communities who live near the architectural wonders. But it seems
that things are changing.

The government's strategy of attracting high-spending visitors and promoting


lesser-known sites is sensible. (62)____________ Bill Gates and Cameron Diaz
were recent visitors, helping to (63)______________ the news far and wide that
a country once wracked by terrorism, hyper-inflation and political chaos is now
safe. The fact that many locals see no immediate economic benefit does not
mean Peru is (64)_____________ benefiting. The knock-on effects are real, and
are helping to fuel a 9% economic growth (65)______________ which should
ease the poverty. Corruption and inefficiency hobble the country, but the
government is democratic, and it is directing tourism-related revenues towards
affordable housing, food programmes and job creation.

ESB Level 3C2 2008 C Page 12


ESB Level 3 Use of English (Part Four)

For questions 66 – 75, read the text below and complete each gap with the
correct form of the word at the end of the line. Do not write more than ONE
word in each gap. Two examples are given below. Spelling mistakes will
be penalised.

The Clifton Suspension Bridge

The Clifton Suspension Bridge, designed by the (0)_REMARKABLE 0. REMARK


engineer, Isambard Kingdom Brunel, spans Avon Gorge and links
Bristol to North Somerset. It is a distinctive (00)_LANDMARK_ that 00. LAND
has come, over the years, to (66)_____________ the city of Bristol. 66. SYMBOL

The possibility of building the bridge first arose in 1753, with a


(67)_________ from merchant, William Vick, who left £1,000 in his 67. DONATE
will for the building of a stone bridge across the gorge. By 1829,
Vick's bequest had reached £8,000, but it was estimated that the
funds were (68)_____________. As a result, Parliament was forced 68. SUFFICE
to (69)____________ a law that would allow a cheaper, wrought- 69. ACT
iron suspension bridge to be built instead, and a competition was
held to find a design for the bridge.

Many problems (70)____________ the construction of the bridge, 70. SET


and it was only the (71)____________ of those behind the project 71. TENACIOUS
that saw it come to fruition. An attempt to build Brunel's design in
1831 was halted by the Bristol Riots, which severely dented
(72)____________ confidence in Bristol. Work was not started 72. COMMERCE
again until 1836, but by then the original bequest had proved to be
(73)_____________ inadequate. By 1843, the towers were built, but 73. WOE
the money had run out. Brunel died in 1859, without seeing the
completion of the bridge. Brunel's colleagues in the Institution of
Civil Engineers felt that completion of the bridge would be a
(74)____________tribute to the great man and started raising 74. FIT
money. Work on the bridge was restarted in 1862, and was
completed by 1864 – a worthy (75)____________ to Brunel. 75. MEMORY

ESB Level 3C2 2008 C Page 13


ESB Level 3 Use of English (Part Five)

For questions 76 – 85, complete the second sentence in each pair below so
that it means the same as the first one. In each case, you must use the
keyword given. Do not make any changes to the keyword and write no
more than five words in total. Contractions (e.g. don’t) count as two words.

Example I think that punishing James for being late once is unfair.
Keyword: hard
You are being too hard on James for being late once.

76. a) You should be more assertive about your rights.


Keyword: up
b) It‟s about time you ________________________.

77. a) Scientists will soon be able to build robots that are too small to see.
Keyword: naked
b) Scientists will soon build robots that will be invisible _____________.

78. a) The play is such a success that its run has been extended by another
six months.
Keyword: has
b) So _________________________ that its run has been extended
for six months.

79. a) It is a pity she turned up to see me with no warning.


Keyword: let
b) I wish _________________________ she was coming.

80. a) The film company began to worry that the amount of money being
spent on the new film was rising uncontrollably.
Keyword: hand
b) There were worries on the part of the film company that spending on
the new film was _______________________.

ESB Level 3C2 2008 C Page 14


81. a) The computer software was produced very quickly, but had a great
many technical problems.
Keyword: expense
b) In the production of the software, speed was emphasized
_________________________ quality.

82. a) I did so little preparation for the examinations that I am certain I have
failed
Keyword: foregone
b) The outcome of the examinations _________________ due to my lack
of revision.

83. a) I was so worried about your being late that I almost called the police!
Keyword: brink
b) I was _______________________ the police because you were so
late!

84. a) They completely redecorated the house in order to sell it.


Keyword: view
b) The house was completely redecorated ______________________
selling it.

85. a) The river is very likely to flood in the event of a lot of rain.
Keyword: susceptible
b) When there is heavy rainfall, the river is _____________________.

Remember to transfer your answers onto the Optical Mark Form.

ESB Level 3C2 2008 C Page 15


ESB Level 3 Writing

Write an essay on ONE of the following options. Write between 300 – 350
words in English. USE THE SEPARATE WRITING ANSWER BOOKLET.

1. How could the European Union make itself more relevant to ordinary
people and to what extent do you consider yourself to be a European
citizen?

2. “Great stories need great villains.” Who do you consider to be the greatest
fictional villain in literature, film or on TV? Give reasons for your choice
and explain why you believe this character to be an exceptional creation.

3. It is reported that as many as one third of Americans believe in the


existence of UFOs – space ships from other planets. How far do you
believe in the existence of life on other worlds, and how likely do you think
it is that aliens visit the Earth? Give reasons for your answer.

END OF PAPER

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