Ethics - Greek word “ETHOS” means
“characteristics way of acting”
Latin word “MOS, MOROS” means
“moral, morality comes”
3 Philosophers study Ethics
1. Socrates - father of Moral Philosophy
2. Aristotle - 3 treatises
3. Plato - 3 treatises
3 Treatises
1. Nicomachean Ethics
2. Eudemian Ethics
3. Magna Moralia (Great Ethics)
Act of Man - instinctive, in born in man.
Example: breathing, feelings
Human Act - action is done intentionally
and freely.
Example: walking, running, travelling
“The art of correct living”
- Ethics is an art.
As a person - the only necessary
knowledge.
Weakens being decent of the Filipinos
morality:
1. Corruption in government
2. Commercialism
3. Over population
4. Unequal distribution of wealth
5. Lack of economic opportunities
Ethics - science and relies on reasons for
its conclusions.
Religion - system of beliefs and practices
based on faith and revelation, or truths
revealed to man by God.
Ethical approaches (2)
1. Atheistic approach - a Godless theory.
- assumes that only matter
exists and man is responsible only to
the States since thee is no God who
rules the universe.
2. Theistic approach - assumes that God
is the Supreme Lawgiver.
Tenets of atheistic approach:
1. Matter is the only reality
2. Man is matter and does not have
spiritual soul.
3. Man is free and must exercise his
freedom to promote the welfare of
society.
4. There is no life after death.
5. Man is accountable only to the State.

Tenets of theistic approach:
1. God is the Supreme Creator and
Lawgiver.
2. Man is free and must use his freedom
to promote his personal interest along
with that of others.
3. Man has an immorral soul.
4. Man is accountable for his actions,
noth good and evil.
General Ethics - principles of morality.
Special Ethics - includes the
sub-branches of professional ethics.
Ethics is the study of man as a moral
being.
Filipino Beliefs
Filipinos believe that …
1. Man is a creature of God.
2. Man has an immortal soul.
3. Man has an assigned destiny in life.
4. Man must do good or else be punishes
by God.
5. Man by nature is good but is morally
weak.
Man is an organism composed of a
material body and a spiritual soul.
Hylomorphic - the substantial union of
body and soul.
Human nature - made up of man’s
biological, psychological, and rational
powers.
Biological powers - are nutrition,
locomotion, growth, and reproduction.
Psychological powers - include those of
the senses, such as smelling, tasting,
seeing, hearing, perceiving, imagining
and remembering.
Rational powers - those of the intellect
and the will - comprehension and
volition, respectively.
Natural Law - all human powers or
facilities are operational tendencies
towards what is good to man as a
rational animal.
3 Characteristics reveal man’s moral
nature:
1. Man by natural insight is able to
distinguish between good and evil, right
and wrong, moral and immoral.
2. Man feels himself bliged to do what is
good and to avoid what is evil.
3. Man feels himself accountable fo his
actions so that his good deeds merit
reward, while his evil deeds deserve
punishment.
Man is born as individual, or person.
Person is human nature actualized and
manifested in the history of place and
time.
Character - is often taken as synonyms
with personality
- refers the person’s choice of
values and his intelligent exercise of his
freedom.
- is the will of the person
directing him towards a recognized
ideal.
The demand of natural law according to
Paul Tillich: “To be a person in the
community of ther persons”

Person - Greek word “PROSOPHON”

means “mask worn by stage actors”
Latin word “PERSONARE” means
“alludes to the mask”

Person is defined as “an individual,

existing separately and independently
form others, capable of knowing and
loving in an intellectual way, and of
deciding for himself the purpose or end
of his actions”

Personality - the sum of those physical

attributes and tendencies which define a
person’s distinctive behavior.
- the sum of a person’s
physical caonstitution, talents, abilities,
and habits which define characteristic
behavior.