Choose the best answer

Choose the one that is correct

One-gene-one- enzyme – Beadle and Tatum
Genes lies on chromosome- Muller
Genetic damage is inheritable- Morgan
Bacterial conjugation- Joshua Lederberg and Norton Zinder

Choose the one that is not correct about E.coli

Grown in minimal medium takes 45 min for cell to divide
Grown in nutrient broth, divide in 20 min, DNA replication takes
40 min
Grown in rich medium, initiation of a second round of DNA
replication begins before replication is complete
Grown in nutrient broth, divide in 20 min, DNA replication takes
20 min

Find the incorrect one about Trp operon

Trp repressor protein combines with trytophan amino acid and
binds to operator to inhibit transcription
In presence of tryptophan result in transcriptional termination
termed attenuation.
In the absence of tryptophan, attenuation allows virtually all of
the RNA polymerases to transcribe structural gene of try operon.
In the absence of tryptophan amino acid, RNA polymerase
terminates to produce a 140-base transcript.

Choose the one that is not correct about operon

Genes with related functions located together, expressed under
single promoter
Mutation in repressor gene abolish the expression of operon
Transcribed into a single polycistronic mRNA molecule
Mutation in operator site result in constutive expression

Identify the one that is not transversion mutation

GC- TA
GC- CG
GC- AT
AT-TA

_________mutation result in single amino acid change in protein

Same sense mutation
Missense mutation
Nonsense mutation
Silent mutation
Fast growing cells have ____________________DNA than slow growing
cells
Higher
lower
both
none
Out of 64 possible codons how many code for amino acids
59
60
61
63
DNA polymerase enzyme discovered
by
Komberg
Weiss
Watson
Crick.
The enzyme that makes DNA from RNA is
RNA polymerase
DNA polymerase
reverse transcriptase
RNAse
Polycistronic transcription unit seen in
bacteria
Sorghum
Drosophilla
None of the above

Promoters are highly conserved nucleotide sequences in

The DNA that determines the sites where RNA synthesis is
initiated
The DNA that determines the sites where DNA synthesis is
initiated
The RNA that determines the sites where DNA synthesis is
initiated
None of the above
Which of the following is not needed by the RNA polymerase
Primer
GTP, CTP, UTP, ATP
A promoter sequence
a DNA template
Thymine dimer formed due to UV radiation result in mutation mainly
due to
Nucleotide excision repair
Base excision repair
 Photoreactivation
SOS repair
Base-analog mutagens, 5-bromouracil causes the following base
substitution
AT- GC and GC- AT
GC-CG and AT- TA
TA-GC and CG- AT
All of the above
A deletion occurs that eliminates a single amino acid in a protein. How
many base pairs were deleted?
One
Two
Three
Four

The methylation product O6-methylguanine formed due to alkylating

agent pairs with ________ rather than cytosine and result in transition
mutation.
3-Methyl adenine
Adenine
Uracil
Thymine
In Eukaryotes, the DNA replication occurs during
S phase
G1 phase
G2 phase
All phases
_________ is one correct reason why Okazaki fragments are created
during lagging strand DNA synthesis
DNA is only polymerized in the 3' to 5' direction.
DNA polymerase requires RNA priming
DNA is only polymerized in the 5' to 3' direction
DNA polymerase requires a 5' -0H on the growing polymer

The direction of synthesis of a new mRNA molecule is

5’ to 3’ from a 5’ to 3’ DNA template strand
5’ to 3’ from a 3’ to 5’ RNA template strand
5’ to 3’ from a 5’ to 3’ RNA template strand
5’ to 3’ from a 3’ to 5’ DNA template strand

Promoters are highly conserved nucleotide sequences in

The DNA that determines the sites where RNA synthesis is
initiated
The DNA that determines the sites where DNA synthesis is
initiated
 The RNA that determines the sites where DNA synthesis is
initiated
None of the above

Which chain-termination codon could be formed by a single base

change from
UCC
UUG
UCG
UUC

Plasmid curing is done by

NTG
Ethidium bromide
Acridine orange
TEMED

Choose the one that is not correct about one-gene-one enzyme

hypothesis proposed by Beadle and Tatum
1941
Auxotrophic mutant
Neurospora crassa mutated with x-rays
Neurospora crassa mutated with γ-rays

One gene one enzyme hypothesis was put forth by

Beadle and Tatum
Allc Jeffeys
Fries
Zinder

Nutritional variants that require growth factors

autotroph
heterotroph
auxotroph
organotroph

In E.coli, DNA repair and replication is carried out by

Gryrase
DNA Polymerase III
DNA polymerase I
Primase

Chargaff’s rule is
A and G and T and C
A and T and G and C
G and A and T and C
 A and U and G and C

Replication termination protein in E.coli

RTP
Tus
Oric
All

Smallest cell genome so far sequenced

Treponema Sp
Mycoplasma genitalium
Bacillus subtilis
E.Coli

Phenomena of amino acid encoding by more than one codon.

Degeneracy
Rederndamey
complementation
hobbling

The enzyme which breaks and reseals a strand of DNA during

replication is
Ligase
Helicase
topoisoerase
endonuclease
The site that mark the beginning of the transcription unit
Promoter
Operator
Primer
Regulator

Transposable elements are DNA segment capable of

Changing its location within or between a chromosome
Exhibiting different characters
Change its location between plants
Exhibiting same characters.

Promoters are highly conserved nucleotide sequences in

The DNA that determines the sites where RNA synthesis is
initiated
The DNA that determines the sites where DNA synthesis is
initiated
 The RNA that determines the sites where DNA synthesis is
initiated
None of the above

True or false
1. In Fredrick Griffith experiment, the heat killed S strain (smooth
and virulent) transform R strain (Rough and non-virulent) into
virulence

2. DNA as the transforming principle in Griffith bacterial

transformation was identified in 1944 by Avery, MacLeod and
McCarty

3. In prokaryotes, translation is not coupled to transcription

4. E.coli chromosome is made of one single closed large circular

DNA molecule of 4.6 million base pairs

5. Eukaryotic DNA replication occur during S phase

6. The length of DNA that can be incorporated into a virus is limited

by the structure of the head shell

7. Klenow fragment contain DNA polymerase and 3’-5’ exonuclease

(proof-reading) activity.

8. Klenow fragment is used to add radioactive label in nick

translation

9. DNA polymerase I has less processivity compared to DNA

polymerase III

10. Newly synthesized DNA near at the replication fork is

highly methylated

11. Second initiation event at the time replication is half

complete allows segregation of two daughter molecules to occur
at twice the normal rate.

12. The pol α/primase enzyme binds to the initiation complex at the
origin and synthesizes a short strand consisting of ~10 bases of
RNA followed by 20-30 bases of DNA (sometimes called iDNA).
 13. Repressors impede access of RNA polymerase to the promoter;
and act as positive regulation

14. Presence of tryptophan amino acid in the medium induces

the try operon in bacteria

15. Iso-propyl-thiogalactoside (IPTG) acts as inducer by binding to lac

repressor after β-Galactosidase cleaves it.

16. Same sense mutation result in amino acid change

17. UV radiation induces Thymine dimer formation

18. Nucleic acids absorb light in the wavelength of 260 nm UV

rays

19. The thymine dimer can be directly repaired by

photoreactivation

20. E.coli mismatch excision repair (mismatch repair) was defined as

a methyl directed post replication repair system which
eliminated replicative error within newly synthesized DNA.

21. Inetercalating agents such as Acridine orange and

Ethidium bromide causes frameshift mutation

22. Alkylating agents can also modify the bases of incoming

nucleotide in the course of DNA replication

23. The control of both tryptophan synthesis and lactose

degradation are two examples of genetic regulation

24. Alkylating agent, EMS causes base substitution by adding

methyl group to guanine to form O6 methyl guanine

25. Base excision repair can correct only damaged bases that
can be removed by a specific DNA glycosylase.

Short answer
1. How lactose regulate Lac operon and tryptophan regulate try
operon
2. Write the role of different proteins involved in E.coli DNA
replication
3. How to identify a chemical as strong or weak mutagen in Ames
test? If a chemical is not mutagenic, how it is know by Ames
test?
4. Write the major difference between transcription and
replication?
5. How Okazaki fragments are synthesized and joined during DNA
replication?
6. Why the presence of sufficient tryptophan in the medium
causes the most of the Trp operon transcript initiated by RNA
polymerase to terminate as short RNA molecule?
7. What will happen if a frame shift mutation occur at the start or
middle of the gene? What will be effect of frame shift mutation
on protein function?
8. How fluctuation test show that mutation in bacteria occur
spontaneously?
9. How Newcomb’s experiment and replica plating show that
mutation occur spontaneously in bacteria?
10. Which repair system helps in breaking bonding between
thymine dimers? Explain the mechanism (Photoreactivation)
11. Which enzymes are required for excision repair in E. coli?
12. Distinguish a missense and a nonsense mutation.
13. Why is a liver microsomal fraction included in the Ames
test for mutagens?
14. Gene regulation in prokaryotes
15. Nucleotide excision repair
16. Base excision repair