Académique Documents
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• Milch breeds
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• Milch and draught breeds
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• Draught breeds
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• Exotic dairy breeds
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• Breeds of Buffalo
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• General selection procedures for dairy breeds
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• Selecting breeds for Commercial Dairy Farm - Suggestions
Milch breeds
Sahiwal
Gir
Tharparkar
Red Sindhi
• Mainly available in Punjab, Haryana, Karnataka, Tamil Nadu, Kerala and Orissa.
• Milk yield – Under village condition :1100 kgs
– Under commercial farms: 1900 kgs
Hariana
• Mainly found in Karnal, Hisar and Gurgaon district of Haryana, Delhi and western M.P
• Milk yield –1140 -4500 kgs
• Bullocks are powerful for road transport and rapid ploughing
Kankrej
Draught Breeds
Amritmahal
Khillar
Kangayam
• Mainly found in Coimbatore, Erode, Namakkal, Karur and Dindigul districts of Tamil
Nadu.
• Best suited for ploughing and transport. Withstands hardy conditions.
Exotic dairy breeds
Jersey
Holstein Friesian
Breeds of Buffalo
Murrah
Surti
• Gujarat
• 1700-2500 kgs
Jaffarabadi :
• whenever an animal is purchased from a cattle fair, it should be selected based upon its
breed characters and milk producing ability
• History sheet or pedigree sheet which are generally maintained in organized farms
reveals the complete history of animal
• The maximum yield by dairy cows are noticed during the first five lactations. So
generally selection should be carried out during First or Second lactation and that too are
month after calving.
• There successive complete milkings has to be done and an average of it will give a fair
idea regarding production by a particular animal
• A cow should allow anybody to milk, and should be docile.
• It is better to purchase the animals during the months of October and November.
• Maximum yield is noticed till 90 days after calving.
• Under Indian condition a commercial dairy farm should consist of minimum 20 animals
(10 cows, 10 buffaloes) this strength can easily go up to 100 animals in proportion of
50:50 or 40:60. After this however, you need to review your strength and market
potential before you chose to go for expansion.
• Middle class health-conscious Indian families prefer low fat milk for consumption as
liquid milk. It is always better to go for a commercial farm of mixed type. (Cross breed,
cows and buffaloes kept in separate rows under one shed).
• Conduct a through study of the immediate market where you are planning to market your
milk You can mix milk from both type of animals and sold as per need of the market.
Hotels and some general customers (can be around 30%) prefer pure buffalo milk.
Hospitals, sanitariums prefer cow's milk.
Cows
• Good quality cows are available in the market and it cost around Rs.1200 to Rs.1500 per
liter of milk production per day. (e.g. Cost of a cow producing 10 liter of Milk per day
will be between Rs.12,000 to Rs.15,000).
• If proper care is given, cows breed regularly giving one calf every 13-14 month interval.
• They are more docile and can be handled easily. Good milk yielding cross breeds
(Holstein and Jersey crosses) has well adapted to Indian climate.
• The fat percentage of cow's milk varies from 3-5.5% and is lower then Buffaloes.
Buffaloes
• In India, we have good buffalo breeds like Murrah and Mehsana, which are suitable for
commercial dairy farm.
• Buffalo milk has more demand for making butter and butter oil (Ghee), as fat percentage
in milk is higher then cow. Buffalo milk is also preferred for making tea, a welcoming
drink in common Indian household.
• Buffaloes can be maintained on more fibrous crop residues, hence scope for reducing
feed cost.
• Buffaloes largely mature late and give birth to calves at 16 to 18 months interval. Male
calves fetch little value.
• Buffaloes need cooling facility e.g. wallowing tank or showers / foggers with fan.