EE 328 : Digital Communication

IIT Bombay, Dept. of EE, Semester: Spring 2017-2018

Instructor: B. K. Dey

Assignments: Quantization

1. Let A be a two-dimensional circular area centered at zero. A random vector (X, Y ) is uniformly
distributed in A. The vector needs to be quantized using 100 bits. We consider two possibilities. One
is with rectangular cells and the other with hexagonal cells with area |A|/2100 each. In both cases,
the center of a cell is taken as the reconstruction point for that cell. Write the expression (in terms of
integral over a cell) of the MSE for the two quantizers. Evaluate them numerically and compute the
ratio in dB. What is the difference in the reconstruction SNRs of the two quantizers in dB?

2. In class, we derived the optimum reconstruction point for a quantization cell as the conditional
mean, and the optimum decision boundaries as the (hyper-)planes which perpendicularly bisect the
lines joining the neighboring reconstruction points. The resulting polytope cells are also known as the
Voronoi regions. Using this principle, find the optimum 1 and 2 bits scalar quantizers for a random
variable X with the density function shown in the figure below.

f(x)

0.5

2 x
−2

3. A random vector (X, Y ) is uniformly distributed in the square shown in the figure. Consider the
2-bit quantizers with decision regions shown in the two figures below.

(a) First choose and show the optimum reconstruction points for each cell for each of the quantizers.
Which do you think will give smaller MSE, and why? Compute the MSE for each, and find the difference
in SNR between the two quantizers in dB.
EE 328: Digital Communication IIT Bombay Instructor: B. K. Dey

(b) If Lloyd-Max algorithm is applied on each of these quantizers as the starting point, then what will
be the respective outcomes?
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