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2001 12:48:00 Sayfa 1

-TENSES-
-SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE-

I Do Helping verbs: do/does

You Do
He Time Expressions:
She Does
It always: daima
We never: asla
You Do usually: genellikle
They seldom: nadiren
everyday/week/month: hergün/...
occsionally: arasıra
often: sık sık
rarely: nadiren
sometimes: bazen
frequently: sıkça
scarcely: çok ender
hardly: hemen hemen hiç
genarally: genellikle

Example:
I brush my teeth everymorning.
object
Subject Object time expressions
Verb1 Time Expression

Pattern: subject + verb1 + complement

I, you, we, they

Pattern: subject + verb1 +s,es,ies + complement affirmetive

subject + doesn’t + verb1 + complement negative
does + subject + verb1 + complement ? question
doesn’t + subject + verb1 + complement? negative question

he, she, it

-PRESENT CONTINUOUS TENSE-

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I am Helping verbs: am/is/are

You are
He Time Expressions:
She is
It now: şimdi
We at the moment: şu anda
You are at present: şu anda
They right now: şimdi
Today: bugün
This week/month/year: bu hafta/...
Nowadays: bu günlerde

complement
Example:

We are learning English at the moment.

Subject ( to be ) object Time Expression

Verbing

Pattern: subject + ( to be ) + verbing + object + Time Expressions

-SIMPLE PAST TENSE-

Time Expressions: Helping verb: did

Yesterday: dün
Last week/month/year: geçen hafta/...
The day before: evvelki gün
Then: sonra
Ago: önce

A. Simple Past Tense of the verb BE:

The past form of the verb BE is WAS, WERE

Pattern: subject + was, were + object

B. Simple Past Tense of regular / irregular verbs:

We use past forms of regular and irregular verbs. We add -ed to a regular verb for the past
form.

Example:

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I went to Ankara last year.

Subject Object

Verb2 Time Expression

Pattern: Subject + verb2 + object + time expressions affirmetive

Subject + didn’t + verb1 + complement negative
Did + subject + verb1 + complement ? question
Didn’ + subject + verb1 + compplement? Negative question

-PAST CONTINUOUS TENSE-

I was Helping verbs: was/were

You were
He
She was
It
We
You were
They

Example:

He was sleeping when the phone rang.

Pattern: subject + was/were + verbing

We use when, while, as, just as to join the sentences. We usually use the past continuous
tense after while, as or just as. We usually use the sımple past tense after when.

NOTE: birleştirmek

Simple Past Tense + while + Past Continuous Tense

Past Continuous Tense + when + Simple Past Tense

-SIMPLE FUTURE TENSE-

A. Near Future Tense ( Going To Future ) :

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Helping verbs: am/is/are

Time Expressions:

Tomorrow: yarın
Next week/month/year: gelecek hafta/...
Later: sonra
İn a few days: birkaç gün içinde
The following day: takip eden gün
The day after: ertesi gün
Soon: yakında

Example:

I am going to buy jeans next weekend.

Sub. ( to be ) verb1 obj. Time expression

Pattern: subject + ( to be) + going to + verb1 + complement

B. Will Future Tense :

Helping verb: will

Pattern: subject + will + verb1 + complement

Example:

I will come home tomorrow.

Sub. He. Verb. Obj. Verb1

Time expression

NOTE: Kesinlik varsa going to , niyet varsa will kullanılır.

- PRESENT PERFECT TENSE-

I Helping verbs: have/has

You have

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He Time Expressions:
She has
It recently: son günlerde
We already: çoktan
You have yet: henüz
They Since: o zamandan beri(a point in time)
For: o zamandan beri( a period of time)
Ever/never: asla
Lately: son zamanlarda

We use the present perfect tense for an action that started in the past and contınuous up
to now.

Example:

She has watched TV since 3 o’clock.

Subject Helping verb Object

Verb3 Time Expression

Pattern: subject + have/has + verb3 + complement

NOTE:

SINCE: from a point in the past until the time we are speaking. We use since when we say
the beginning of the period. Since April, since Monday...

FOR: lenght of time until now. We use for when we say the period of time. For two years,
for long time...

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-PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE-

{ - mekte , - makta }
Helping verbs: have / has been
I have been
You Time Expressions:
He
She has been Since: - dan beri
It For: - dan beri
We Recently: son günlerde
You have been Lately: son günlerde
They Up to now: şimdiye kadar
All week: Bütün hafta
So far: bu güne kadar
All day: bütün gün
For a long time: uzun bir zaman
For ages: yıllardan beri

Form: Sub + have / has been + Ving + Obj + Time Exp.

NOTE: We use the present perfect progressive to talk about an action which started in the
past and continues up to the present. The action may or may not continue in the future.

-PAST PERFECT TENSE-

{ -mıştı }
Time Expressions: Helping verb: had

After: - den sonra

Before: - den önce
Just: henüz
When: - dığı zaman
By the time: esnasında
Until: -e dek
Already: zaten
Since: - den beri
All day/ week / ...: bütün gün...
For: -den beri

Form: Sub. + had + V3 + Obj. + T. E.

• We use the past perfect tense to describe a past action which happened before another
past action. We use the past perfect tense for the first action and the simple past tense
for the second action.
• These are the patterns with common conjunctions:
1. WHEN + simple past, past perfect
When I came in, he had gone.
2. Simple past, BECAUSE + past perfect
I was tired, because I had played basketball.
3. AFTER + past perfect, simple past
After he had eaten his breakfast, he left home for school.

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4. BEFORE + simple past, past perfect

Before he went to school, he had gone a supermarket.
5. AS SOON AS + past perfect tense, simple past
As soon as she had washed the shirts, she ironed them.

- PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE –

{ - mekteydi }
Time Expressions: Helping verb: had been

Before
After
Just
When
As soon as
By the time
Until
Already
Since
All day / week / ...
For

Form: Sub + had been+ Ving + Obj + T. E.

The past perfect contınuous tense describes a past action which continued until another past
action happened.

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- TENSES -

Present Perfect : have / has ( V3 ) ( - mış, - miş )

Present Perfect Cont. : have / has + been + Ving + ( - mekte, - makta )
Past Perfect : had + V3 + ( - mıştı, - mişti )
Past Perfect Cont. : had + been + Ving ( - mekteydi , - maktaydı )

Present

Past Perfect Tense

Present Perfect Tense

1940 1944
Past Future

Present Perfect Continuous Tense

Past perfect Continuous Tense

Time of speaking

- FUTURE CONTINUOUS TENSE –

( -yor alacak )
Helping verb: will be Time Expressions:
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Ving At this time tomorrow

Next week / ... /
By the end of this month
With in
By tomorrow
Soon
Later

FORM: sub + will be + Ving + obj + time exp.

USE:

1. The future contınuous describes a contınuous action at a time in future.

2. We use this tense when we guess about what other people are doing.
3. This tense is often used when the future date is unknown or uncertain.
4. We can also use the future contınuous for an action which is part of a routine.

- FUTURE PERFECT TENSE –

( -mış olacak )
Helping verb: will have Time Expressions:
By the time
By this time
Before
By then
Next year / ... /
In ten days
In a few days /...
By

FORM: sub + will have + V3 + obj + time exp.

USE:

We use this tense to describe an action which will be completed before another time or
event in the future.

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