ON

Modern Communication Network-TETRA

By
M. M A H E S H C H A N D R A,
09016T6604
M.TECH (DIGITAL COMMUNICATION),
KAKATIYA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY,WARANGAL.
29 Jan 2010
 KEYWORDS
• PMR –PRIVATE MOBILE RADIO.
• PAMR- PUBLIC ACCESS MOBILE RADIO.
• DQPSK-DIFFERENTIAL QUARTERNARY PHASE
SHIFT KEYING.
• DMO-DIRECT MODE OPERATION .
• TDMA-TIME DIVISION MULTIPLE ACCESS.
• FDMA-FREQUENCY DIVISION MULTIPLE ACCESS.
• ETSI – EUROPEAN TELECOMMUNICATION STANDADS INSTITUTE.

2
 INDEX
• INTRODUCTION TO RADIO TRUNKING.
• TETRA –INTRODUCTION.
• TETRA FRAME STRUCTURE.
• TETRA CALL TYPES .
• DIFFERENCE BETWEEN GSM and TETRA SYSTEM .

• TETRA SUMMARY
• CONCLUSION.

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INTRODUCTION TO RADIO TRUNKING
Digital Radio Trunking Systems – TETRA

What is Radio Trunking ?

 Trunking stands for “sharing”.
 Whenever resources are in short supply, they will have to be
shared.
 In Radio Communications Trunking System a fixed number
radio frequencies are used and are shared by large number of
remote/ mobile subscribers.
 The frequency spectrum is a Scare resource.
 This is commonly known as Radio Trunking System.

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INTRODUCTION TO RADIO TRUNKING
Digital Radio Trunking Systems – TETRA

Advantage of Digital Trunking System over Analogue

Trunking System:
 More reliable .
 Flexible .
 Low noise and Provides internet connectivity.

Disadvantages of Digital Trunking System over Analogue

Trunking System:
 Only the low coverage range as compared with Analogue
Trunking System. This can be overcome by more repeaters.

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 TETRA -INTRODUCTION
What is TETRA
 TETRA stands for “Terrestrial Trunked Radio” initially it
is
called as “Trans European Trunked Radio”.
 TETRA –New standard from ETSI for digital trunked radio
system .
 TETRA is the first truly open digital PMR standard.
 TETRA standard contains high functionality for
Emergency services.
Frequency Range:
 380 - 400 MHz for public safety systems,
 410 - 430 MHz & 870-876 MHz 915-921MHz for
commercial applications
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 TETRA -INTRODUCTION
 Provides individual, group and direct mode communications
between radios.
 Packet data and fast data transfer services .
 Frequency economy.
 Fast call set-up time (300 m sec) .
 Security features & Encryption .
 TETRA provides Voice and Data Services .
 Video application in future TETRA-TEDS .

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 TETRA SPECIFICATIONS
PARAMETER VALUE
Channel spacing 25K Hz
Modulation π/4 DQPSK
Modulation rate 36 kbps
Bits per symbol 2
Voice coder rate ACELP (4.56 kbps )
Access format TDMA with 4 time slots/carrier

User data rate 7.2 kbps per time slot

Maximum data rate 28.8 kbps
Protected data rate Up to 19.2 kbps
TABLE 1 8
 DATA RATES with DIFFERENT
PROTECTION LEVELS
Data Throughput (bits/sec)
NO. TIME High Level Medium Level No Protection
SLOTS Protection Protection
1 2400 4800 7200
2 4800 9600 14400
3 7200 14400 21600
4 9600 19200 28800

TABLE 2

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 TETRA FRAME STRUCTURE.
• Four time slot TDMA technology was adopted in TETRA .
• One carrier with 25 KHz spacing provides 4 channels
using TDMA (Time Division Multiple Access) .

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FIG 1
 TETRA FRAME STRUCTURE.
TDMA Structure of the voice + data system
hyperframe
0 1 2 ... 57 58 59 61.2 sec
multiframe
0 1 2 ... 15 16 17 1.02 sec
CF
FIG 2 frame
0 1 2 3 56.67 ms
Control Frame

0 time slot 509 14.17 ms

Speech calls use one channel . 11

Data calls can use up to 4 channels ( Data transfer rates up to

7.2 kbps per channel) .
 TETRA FRAME STRUCTURE.
BIT RATE OF TETRA SYSTEM

• 1 Time Slot =510 modulating bits duration=255 symbols

1 2 3 4 508 509 510

14.167 msec.

Bit duration =14.167 msec/510 FIG 3

Bit rate =1/bit duration
Bit rate =36000 bits/sec

 Digital modulation, π/4 -DQPSK at Modulation rate 36 kbps .

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 TETRA –SPECTRUM EFFICIENCY
COMPARISION WITH OTHER STANDARDS

 TETRA offers 32 communication channels and GSM offers 8

Channels per 200 K Hz bandwidth .

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FIG 4
 TETRA CALL TYPES
TETRA call types
 Private call (individual call) .
 Phone call (PSTN or PABX call).
 Group call .
 Emergency call .
 Broadcast call .
TETRA Traffic case - Trunking options
 Trunking options only apply to simplex calls .
 Applies to private simplex calls and group calls .
 Trunking type is controlled by the Base Station.
 Message Trunking .
 Transmission Trunking .
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 TETRA CALL TYPES
Simplex calls
 Mobile is either transmitting or receiving .
 Requires operation of PTT switch (Push To Talk) .
 Talk time is usually limited, typically one minute
maximum.
 Group calls are always simplex .

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 TETRA CALL TYPES
Duplex calls
 Mobile is transmitting and receiving (like GSM phone call).
 Does not require holding PTT to continue transmission .
 Phone calls are usually but not always duplex .

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 TETRA CALL TYPES
Private call
Private call (individual call)
 A call between two parties within the TETRA network .
 Simplex or duplex.

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 TETRA CALL TYPES
Phone call
Phone call (PSTN or PABX call)
 A call between a TETRA user and a fixed or mobile
phone.
 Call is set up via the TETRA network’s PSTN Gateway.
 Call is normally duplex, hook signalling.

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 TETRA CALL TYPES-Group call

Group call
 A call between more than two parties.
 Call is always simplex, direct set-up.
 Only possible if one or more groups have been
attached.

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 What about commercial digital networks?
GSM / CDMA 2000
 Public mobile networks do not fulfil all public safety
requirements.

 Public mobile networks are developed to meet the demands

of consumers, which are very different from those of public
safety organisations.

 It cannot guarantee service during emergencies and

disasters.

 It cannot provide FAST call set-up time(<300 m sec).

 It cannot provide special terminal functionality .

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 Difference between GSM and TETRA System
TETRA GSM
•Designed for professional mobile •Designed for public cellular
radio applications. telephony.

•Based on TDMA – Economy on •Based on FDMA and TDMA.

frequency spectrum.

•Suitable for emergency services due •Not suitable for emergency services
to very fast call set up time (<300 ms). (Call set up time ~ a few seconds).

•Maintain privacy and mutual •Do not maintain privacy and mutual
security. security.

•Direct Mode Operation(DMO) is •Direct Mode Operation(DMO) is not

possible, which supports voice and possible.
data transmission without a Base
Station between Radio Terminals. 21
 Divisions in INDIA using TETRA radio
system

 The DELHI Metro project.

 The HYDERABAD police .

 The Delhi Airport.

 INDIAN Parliament.

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 Digital Radio Trunking Systems – TETRA
Summary

 In order to tackle terrorism, all the user agencies of Govt.

and Private Organizations need to upgrade and integrate
their communication infrastructure for secure, faster &
reliable communications.

 This integrated network should be capable of providing

unified command and control channels for voice, data and
video applications in future.

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 Digital Radio Trunking Systems –
TETRA Summary

• Disasters – both natural and man-made .

• Major Incidents/ fires .
• Incidents .
• RTA (Road Traffic Accidents) .
• Routine policing .

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Digital Radio Trunking Systems – TETRA
Summary
Four-channel TDMA gives excellent
spectrum economy - 4 channels Trunking technology supports
controlled use of shared
in one 25 kHz carrier . networks .

Three Carriers-
12 Channels

MEDICAL

FIRE POLICE
25
FIG 5
 CONCLUSION
 TETRA is emergent digital PMR technology.
 Characteristics like consistent voice quality, greater call
privacy , fast call set-up ,high speed data transfer and
outstanding spectral efficiency etc .reflects the
dominance of TETRA over other PMR and PAMR
systems.
 It is modern technology for police ,fire service
,military ,etc.
 Future success of TETRA depends on network operators to
deliver benefits of TETRA services cost effectively to end
users.

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 REFERENCES
• Mikulic, M.; Modlic, B” General system architecture of
TETRA network for public safety services”
ELMAR, 2008. 50th International Symposium Volume 1,
10-12 Sept. 2008 Page(s):207 - 210 .
• Laakso Nokia, ” Overview of TETRA and it’s services
facilites ” Presentation on www.tetramou.com

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THANK YOU

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