TOFD INSPECTION

Parameters

PROBES

Probe type : Probe

Probe frequency (fp) : 5.00 MHz.
Material ultrasonic velocity (Cm) : 5.980 mm./µs.
Wavelength (lambda) : 0.7 mm.
Refracted angle (ra) : 60.0 degrees
Crystal dimension inc. plane (di) : 6.0 mm.
Crystal dimension perp. plane (dp) : 6.0 mm.
Wedge velocity (Cw) : "plexi/rexolite" rexo 2.330 mm./µs.
Path in wedge (Pw) : 2.0 mm.
Near field depth (dNF) : 2.1 mm.
Opening angle inc. plane (theta_i) at : -12 dB. FF 22.1 degrees
Opening angle perp. plane (theta_p) at : -12 dB. FF 13.3 degrees
Pulse width RF-signal (puw) : 0.19 µs.

COMPONENT

Wall thickness (Wt) : 100.0 mm.

Width of weld + HAZ : 6.0 mm.
Radius of curvature (R) : "> 0 convex" 0.0 mm.
Weld type : X-type
Weld cap width : 0.0 mm.
Root opening : 2.0 mm.
Root height : 25.0 mm.
Root angle : 25.0 degrees
Nose height : 0.0 mm.
HP height : 0.0 mm.
HP angle : 0.0 degrees
Opening angle : 30.0 degrees

TOFD CONFIGURATION

Depth of beam intersection (dbi) : 35.0 %D

Probe separation (PCS) : 100.0 mm.
Sampling frequency "recommended" (fs) : > 40 MHz.
Total probe delay "calculated" (tp) : 1.72 µs.
Arrival time lateral wave "calculated" (tlat) : 18.44 µs.
Arrival time backwall echo "calculated" (tbw) : 39.11 µs.
Probe frequency parameter "ideally > 25" : 165
Near surface dead zone, up to : 7.51 mm.
Far surface dead zone, starting from : 99.37 mm.
Spatial resolution "non-parallel, 6 dB. drop" (res_p) : 6.30 mm.
 TOFD INSPECTION
Inspected volume

PROBES : Probe / 8.00 MHz. / 55°L / PCS = 100 mm

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
10. 80. 50. 20. 0.
0
0.
0
0.
0
0 . 0 . 0 . 0 0. 0. 0. 0.
-2 -1 -1 -1 -9 -6 -3 0. 30 60 90 12 15 18 21
5.0
-15.0
-22.1
-35.0 -35.0
Z-axis (mm.)

-55.0 -52.1

-75.0
-95.0
-115.0
-135.0
-155.0
X-axis (mm.)
 TOFD INSPECTION
Measurement errors

NOMINAL PARAMETER VALUES

Ultrasonic velocity in material : 5.98 mm./µs.

Ultrasonic velocity in couplant : 1.48 mm./µs.
Wall thickness : 100.0 mm.
Width of weld + HAZ : 6.0 mm.
Probe separation : 100.0 mm.
Probe frequency : 5.00 MHz.

Flaw tip depth "measured" : 11.0 mm.

Flaw bottom depth "measured" : 15.0 mm.
Flaw height "measured" : 4.0 mm.

ERROR CALCULATION

Physical error cause Param Unit Delta Depth errror Sizing error
(mm.) (mm.)

Timing error t µs. 0.05 0.70 1.22

Velocity uncertainty C mm./µs. 0.05 0.05 0.02
Probe seperation variation s mm. 0.5 0.05 0.02
Couplant thickness variation e mm. 0.5 0.01 0.02
Lateral position uncertainty X mm. 1.5 0.00 0.01

TOTAL ERROR (Worst Case) Max 0.81 1.27

Min -0.80 -1.27

TOTAL ERROR (Statistical) Max 0.70 1.22

Min -0.69 -1.22
 Free field
Delta dB. kdb
-1000 1.22
-20 1.09
-12 0.93
-10 0.87
-6 0.7
-3 0.51
-1.5 0.37

Incident angle (ia) : 18.61

Virtual diameter inc. plane (dv) : 3.63
par_a 1.00
par_b -200.00
par_c 125.05
par_D 198.75

Probe seperation_dynamic : 100.0

Refracted angle_dynamic : 55.0 Refracted angle_static : 60.0
Probe frequency_dynamic : 8.00 Probe frequency_static : 5.00
Depth of beam inter_static : 66.00

X OD ID NSDZ FSDZ T- Tc T+
-200.0 0.0 -100.0
-50.6 0.0 -100.0 -7.5 -99.4 0.4 0.4 0.4
-0.50 -50.0 0.0 -100.0 -7.5 -99.4 -0.2 0.0 #N/A
-0.45 -45.0 0.0 -100.0 -7.5 -99.4 -5.4 -3.5 -2.1
-0.40 -40.0 0.0 -100.0 -7.5 -99.4 -10.6 -7.0 -4.3
-0.35 -35.0 0.0 -100.0 -7.5 -99.4 -15.8 -10.5 -6.5
-0.30 -30.0 0.0 -100.0 -7.5 -99.4 -21.0 -14.0 -8.7
-0.25 -25.0 0.0 -100.0 -7.5 -99.4 -26.1 -17.5 -10.9
-0.20 -20.0 0.0 -100.0 -7.5 -99.4 -31.3 -21.0 -13.2
-0.15 -15.0 0.0 -100.0 -7.5 -99.4 -36.5 -24.5 -15.4
-0.10 -10.0 0.0 -100.0 -7.5 -99.4 -41.7 -28.0 -17.6
-0.05 -5.0 0.0 -100.0 -7.5 -99.4 -46.9 -31.5 -19.8
0.00 0.0 0.0 -100.0 -7.5 -99.4 -52.1 -35.0 -22.1
0.05 5.0 0.0 -100.0 -7.5 -99.4 -57.2 -38.5 -24.3
0.10 10.0 0.0 -100.0 -7.5 -99.4 -62.4 -42.0 -26.5
0.15 15.0 0.0 -100.0 -7.5 -99.4 -67.6 -45.5 -28.7
0.20 20.0 0.0 -100.0 -7.5 -99.4 -72.8 -49.0 -30.9
0.25 25.0 0.0 -100.0 -7.5 -99.4 -78.0 -52.5 -33.2
0.30 30.0 0.0 -100.0 -7.5 -99.4 -83.2 -56.0 -35.4
0.35 35.0 0.0 -100.0 -7.5 -99.4 -88.3 -59.5 -37.6
0.40 40.0 0.0 -100.0 -7.5 -99.4 -93.5 -63.0 -39.8
0.45 45.0 0.0 -100.0 -7.5 -99.4 -98.7 -66.5 -42.1
0.50 50.0 0.0 -100.0 -7.5 -99.4 -103.9 -70.0 -44.3
50.6 0.0 -100.0 -7.5 -99.4 -104.6 -70.5 -44.6
 200.0 0.0 -100.0
0.0 0.0
0.0 3.0
Cap
0.0 3.0
0.0 0.0
44.3 0.0
1.0 -75.0
Bevel + 1.0 -75.0
1.0 -75.0
12.7 -100.0
-12.7 -100.0
-1.0 -75.0
Bevel - -1.0 -75.0
-1.0 -75.0
-44.3 0.0

Error calculation
Timing 0.52
Velocity 0.06
Probe 0.07
Couplant 0.01
Lateral 0.01

Maximum PCS_dynamic : 400

 Graph
R- Rc R+ D- Dc D+ T- Tc
-140
-104.6 -70.5 -44.6 0.4 0.4
-103.9 -70.0 -44.3 -0.2 0.0
-98.7 -66.5 -42.1 -5.4 -3.5
-93.5 -63.0 -39.8 -10.6 -7.0
-88.3 -59.5 -37.6 -15.8 -10.5
-83.2 -56.0 -35.4 -21.0 -14.0
-78.0 -52.5 -33.2 -26.1 -17.5
-72.8 -49.0 -30.9 -31.3 -21.0
-67.6 -45.5 -28.7 -36.5 -24.5
-62.4 -42.0 -26.5 -41.7 -28.0
-57.2 -38.5 -24.3 -46.9 -31.5
-52.1 -35.0 -22.1 -52.1 -35.0 -22.1 -52.1 -35.0
-46.9 -31.5 -19.8 -57.2 -38.5
-41.7 -28.0 -17.6 -62.4 -42.0
-36.5 -24.5 -15.4 -67.6 -45.5
-31.3 -21.0 -13.2 -72.8 -49.0
-26.1 -17.5 -10.9 -78.0 -52.5
-21.0 -14.0 -8.7 -83.2 -56.0
-15.8 -10.5 -6.5 -88.3 -59.5
-10.6 -7.0 -4.3 -93.5 -63.0
-5.4 -3.5 -2.1 -98.7 -66.5
-0.2 0.0 #N/A -103.9 -70.0
0.4 0.4 0.4 -104.6 -70.5
 T+ R- Rc R+ D- Dc D+

0.4 -104.6 -70.5 -44.6

0.2 -103.9 -70.0 -44.3
-2.1 -98.7 -66.5 -42.1
-4.3 -93.5 -63.0 -39.8
-6.5 -88.3 -59.5 -37.6
-8.7 -83.2 -56.0 -35.4
-10.9 -78.0 -52.5 -33.2
-13.2 -72.8 -49.0 -30.9
-15.4 -67.6 -45.5 -28.7
-17.6 -62.4 -42.0 -26.5
-19.8 -57.2 -38.5 -24.3
-22.1 -52.1 -35.0 -22.1 -52.1 -35.0 -22.1
-24.3 -46.9 -31.5 -19.8
-26.5 -41.7 -28.0 -17.6
-28.7 -36.5 -24.5 -15.4
-30.9 -31.3 -21.0 -13.2
-33.2 -26.1 -17.5 -10.9
-35.4 -21.0 -14.0 -8.7
-37.6 -15.8 -10.5 -6.5
-39.8 -10.6 -7.0 -4.3
-42.1 -5.4 -3.5 -2.1
-44.3 -0.2 0.0 0.2
-44.6 0.4 0.4 0.4