Chapter – 05 Civics Women Change the World

By getting education, women have got opportunities to rise in every field.

Women’s movement have risen to challenge discrimination in all parts of the world.

Fewer Opportunities and Rigid Expectation:

(i) A lot of people feel that women are fit only for certain kinds of jobs like nurse.
(ii) They are not fit for the technical jobs.
(iii) In most families, women are taught that after school they have to get married.
(iv) Laxmi Lakra, however, broke this stereotype image when she became the first woman
engine driver of the Northern Railways.
(v) We live in a society full of pressures. If boys do not work hard get a good salary they
are builded.

Learning for Change:

(i) Going to school is an important part of life.

(ii) Today, it is difficult for us to imagine that school andlearning could be seen as out of
bounds or not appropriate for some children.
(iii) In the past, very few people learnt reading and writing. Most children learnt the work
their families or elders did.
(iv) Even in families where skills like pottery, weaving and craft were taught, the
contribution of daughters and women was seen as secondary.
(v) In the nineteenth century, new ideas about learning and education appeared. But
there was a lot of opposition to educate girls ever then.
(vi) In 1890s, Ramabal championed the cause of women’s education.
(vii) Rokeya Sakhawat Hossain learnt English from her elder brother and an elder sister
inspite of family opposition and went on to become a famous writer.
(viii) Rashsundari Devi of Bengal was the first Indian woman to write an autobiography
called ‘Amar Jiban’.

Schooling and Education Today: Today both boys and girls attend school in large numbers.

Difference in their Educaiton Still Remains:

(i) India has a census every 10 years which counts the population of the country. This
information is used to measure things like literacy, sex-ratio, etc.
(ii) A huge number of SC and ST children leave school at an early age. The 20014 census
even shows that Muslim girls are less likely than Dalit girls to complete primary school.
(iii) Many reasons like non-availability of teachers and schools, lack of transport, cost of
education, indifferent attitude of teachers and parents are responsible for negligence
of education.

Women’s Movement:

(i) Women have individually and collectively struggled to bring about changes. This is
called Women’s Movement.
(ii) Different strategies have been used to spread awareness, fight discrimination and seek
justice.
(iii) These movements are related to campaigning, raising awareness, protesting and
showing solidarity.
Q1 Which occupation does our society feel is best suited for females and why?

People feel that outside the home too, women are good at only certain jobs. Many people believe
that women make better nurses because they are more patient and gentle. This is linked to women’s
roles within the family. Similarly, it is believed that science requires a technical mind and girls and
women are not capable of dealing with technical things.

Q2 What kind of pressures do the children face while growing up?

We live in a society in which all children face pressures from the world around them. Sometimes,
these come in the form of demands from adults. At other times, they can just be because of unfair
teasing by our own friends. Boys are pressurised to think about getting a job that will pay a good
salary. They are also teased and bullied if they do not behave like other boys.

Q3 Was it normal for all children to go to school in the past?

In the past, the skill of reading and writing was known to only a few. Most children learnt the work
their families or elders did. For girls, the situation was worse. In communities that taught sons to
read and write, daughters were not allowed to learn the alphabet.

Q4 Which revolution was witnessed by the the 19th century in the field of learning and education?

In the nineteenth century, many new ideas about education and learning emerged. Schools became
more common and communities that had never learnt reading and writing started sending their
children to school. But there was a lot of opposition to educating girls even then. Yet many women
and men made efforts to open schools for girls. Women struggled to learn to read and write.

Q5 Who was Rashsundra Devi? How did she break the stereotype?

Rashsundari Devi (1800–1890) was born in West Bengal, some 200 years ago. At the age of 60, she
wrote her autobiography in Bangla. Her book titled Amar Jiban is the first known autobiography
written by an Indian woman. Rashsundari Devi was a housewife from a rich landlord’s family. At that
time, it was believed that if a woman learnt to read and write, she would bring bad luck to her
husband and become a widow! Despite this, she taught herself how to read and write in secret, well
after her marriage.

Q6 Is schooling and education equally available to all children even today?

Today, both boys and girls attend school in large numbers. Yet, as we will see, there
still remain differences between the education of boys and girls. According to the 1961 census,
about 40 per cent of all boys and men (7 years old and above) were literate (that is, they could at
least write their names) compared to just 15 per cent of all girls and women. In the most recent
census of 2001, these figures have grown to 76 per cent for boys and men, and 54 per cent for girls
and women. This means that the proportion of both men and women who are now able to read and
have at least some amount of schooling has increased. But, as you can also see, the percentage of
the male group is still higher than the female group. The gap has not gone away.

Q7 Why is it so that SC and ST girls leave school at a higher rate?

There are several reasons why children from Dalit, Adivasi and Muslim communities leave school.
 · In many parts of the country, especially in rural and poor areas, there may not even
be proper schools or teachers who teach on a regular basis.
· If a school is not close to people’s homes, and there is no transport like buses or
vans, parents may not be willing to send their girls to school.
· Many families are too poor and unable to bear the cost of educating all their
children. Boys may get preference in this situation.
· Many children also leave school because they are discriminated against by their
teacher.

Q8 What is Women’s Movement? What makes it a vibrant movement?

Women individually and collectively have struggled to bring about various changes in their situation.
This struggle is known as the Women’s Movement. Individual women and women’s organisations
from different parts of the country are part of the movement. Many men support the women’s
movement as well.
The diversity, passion and efforts of those involved make it a very vibrant movement.

Q9 What are the strategies of the Women’s Movement?

Different strategies have been used to spread awareness, fight discrimination and seek justice.
These strategies are:
· Campaigning: Campaigns to fight discrimination and violence against women are
an important part of the women’s movement. Campaigns have also led to new
laws being passed.
· Raising Awareness: An important part of the women’s movements’ work is to raise
public awareness on women’s rights issues. Their message has been spread
through street plays, songs and public meetings.
· Protesting: The women’s movement raises its voice when violations against
women take place or for example, when a law or policy acts against their interests.
Public rallies and demonstrations are a very powerful way of drawing attention to
injustices.
· Showing Solidarity: The women’s movement is also about showing solidarity with
other women and causes.

Q10: How do you think stereotypes, about what women can do and what they cannot do, affect
women’s right to equality?

Stereotypes about what women can or cannot do affects women’s right to equality because they
are considered weak and incapable of doing strong works. And thus women are called inferior to
men. They are paid less salaries / wages than their man counterparts.

Q11: Poor girls drop out of school because they are not interested in getting an education”. Do you
think this is true, give reason to support your answer?

Q12: Why do you think learning alphabets was actually important to women like Rashsundari Devi,
Ramabai and Rokeya? OR Write brief note about Ramabai achievement. OR Write short notes
about Rashsundari Devi and her contribution to society in improving women situation.
Learning the alphabet was so important to women like Rashsundari Devi, Ramabai and Rokeya
because after learning alphabet they could achieve their goals and fulfill their dreams and
contribute the society.

 Rashsundari Devi: Wrote “Amar Jiban”, first autobiography written by an India woman.
 Ramabai: She set up a mission in Khedagaon where widows and poor women are taught
variety of skills from carpentry to running a printing press.
 Rokeya: She started a school for girls in Kolkata in 1910 and thus helped other girls to get
education.

Q13: Why Ramabai was given title pandita?

Ramabai could read and write Sanskrit, a remarkable achievement as women as they were not
allowed such knowledge

Q14: Describe few methods of struggle used by women to raise their issues.

Following are the methods of struggle that women’s movement used to raise their issues:
(i) Raising awareness through street plays, songs and public meetings.
(ii) Protesting through public rallies and powerful way of drawing attention to injustice.

Q.15- What has led to the development of a mindset regarding the kind of work associated with
each gender? Ans.- Gender Stereotyping

Q.16- Why were girls discouraged from being educated in the past? Ans.- Due to stereotype
thinking

Q.17 - What is meant by dropout rate? Ans.- The number of persons who have dropped out of a
course of study per 100 persons is known as dropout rate.

Q.18- Name any two ways in which women’s movement are undertaken. Ans.- Health and
Education

Q.19- Who championed the cause of individual right to freedom and equality? Ans.- Mahatma
Gandhi

Q.20- What were the girls and boys in the past trained to do? Ans.- Trained boys worked as
engineers, pilots, businessmen, entrepreneurs, doctors and girls handle their homes.

Q.21- What do you understand by women’s movement? Ans.- Women movement mostly concern
with participation of women in social activity and raise awareness among people.

Q.22- Describe some methods through which women have protested against injustice.

Ans.- There are two methods which women have protested against injustice : 1.Campaigning: - It is
an important part of the women’s movement which is used to fight against discrimination and
domestic violence. 2. Protesting: - Women use public rallies and candle March as a very powerful
weapon for drawing attention to injustices by the method of protesting.