Particles in Solids, liquids, and gases

Gases, liquids and solids are all made up of atoms, molecules, and/or ions, but the
behaviors of these particles differ in the three phases.

A) PARTICLES IN SOLIDS

The particles comprising a solid are interconnected by very large forces, so it is very
difficult to separate; therefore solids have a well-defined shape.

The particles that make up a solid body are so close together that very strongly that we
cannot do the closer; solids are difficult to compress, no volume change.

Some properties of solids are due precisely to the shape and the strength with which its
particles are attached. These properties are:
 The hardness or scratch the body difficulty. For example, diamond is much harder
than a piece of plaster.
The fragility or a strong tendency to deformed without breaking. For example, glass
or clay are fragile.
The ductility or facility that provides a solid wire extend at. For example, they are
made of copper wires inside the light cables.
Malleability, or which has a capability to extend in solid sheet form. For example,
gold and aluminum are very malleable metals.
The elasticity or the tendency of a solid to recover its original shape after being
subjected to a force. For example, a rubber band or a spring are very elastic.
The flexibility or a solid to easily bend without breaking. For example, we can bend
a wicker wand or a sheet of paper without breaking.
The strength or ability of a solid to support weights without breaking. For example,
the houses are made with steel beams or concrete, which support the weight of walls
and ceilings.

B) PARTICLES IN LIQUIDS

Liquids do not have their own way, but take the shape of their container.

The particles that make up liquids are more far apart than in solids, but this distance cannot
be made smaller; thus the volume of liquid does not change, that is, liquids have constant
volume.

Other fluid properties as viscosity and volatility. We say that when a liquid is viscous flows
very slowly, like honey or oil, which are more viscous than water.

We say that a liquid is volatile when it evaporates easily. The smell of gasoline at a gas
station indicates that this is a volatile liquid.

C) PARTICLES IN GASES

The particles of the gas are joined together by weak forces. Because of this, the gases
themselves lack form and volume, in the form and tend to occupy the entire volume of the
container which contains them.

If by inflating a balloon, not stopped blowing, come a time when the pressure is so great
that it burst, expanding the air inside.
If a finger cover our mouth and pressed the syringe plunger, it will move there because the
air inside is compressed, whereas if you have water, we find it impossible to move the
plunger, because liquids do not compress.

The gases can then compress and expand (not liquid and solid). Compressing or cooling a
gas, it can move to the liquid state, as with liquefied gas cylinders containing butane
 Characteristics

United

Properties Solid Liquids Gases

Organization of Close together to each Not so separated. They Widely separated from
particles other are in contact with each each other.
other.
(Distance) Packaging

Forces Very strong Moderately strong and Virtually none

weak.
attraction

Movement It is very restricted. Vibration, rotation and Vibration, rotation and

Vibrate in fixed translation. They can translation. The translation
particles positions move at all times, slide is so large that the particles
over each other without are as free.
difficulty. Slower than in
gases.

Shape Defined Has no definite shape. Has no definite shape.

Volume Definite A given amount of liquid Acquire the volume of

has a definite volume their container.
I. Mark the correct answer
Liquid
1. In which two states are the particles
randomly arranged? Solid

Liquid and solid Gas

5. Which state cannot flow from place to

Liquid and gas
place?

Gas and solid

Solid
2.
Liquid
In which state are the particles only able to
vibrate in a fixed position?
Gas

Solid 6. Particles in which state have no bonds?

Liquid Liquid

Gas Solid

3. Which state can be compressed or

Gas
squashed easily?
7. Particles in which state sit in a regular
Solid pattern and are held together tightly by
bonds?
Liquid
Solid
Gas
Liquid
4. Which state is shown in this diagram?

Gas
II. Complete

( ) The particles are moving about, are

changing places, are arranged in a random
way, are further apart, have more energy
( ) The particles are far apart, are moving
very fast, are moving in all directions, have
lots of energy, and are arranged in a random
way
( ) The particles are close together, cannot
change place, vibrate, are arranged in rows,
have less energy