Chemistry

Project

Electrochemical
Cells

K.K.Shree
XII-A3
SUGUNA PIP SCHOOL, COIMBATORE
 CERTIFICATE
Chemistry PROJECT

This is to certify that the Physics project report titled

…………………………………………………………………………
which has been submitted to SUGUNA PIP School, meeting the
requirements of the CBSE Board practical examination for the academic
year 2018– 2019,is a bonafide work done by
………………………………………………………………

Signature of Principal Teacher In charge

Signature of Internal Examiner Signature of External Examiner

Index
 Acknowledgement
 Introduction
 Representation of Electrochemical
cell
 Salt Bridge and its Functions
 Some Important Features
 Bibliography
 Acknowledgeme
nt

I am extremely grateful to Mr. Vikrant Raj,

Teacher of Department of Chemistry for his
able guidance and useful suggestion, which
helped me in completing my project work in
time. I would also like to thank our principal
Mr. Poovanan sir for providing this
opportunity. I would also like to thank all
Faculties who helped me directly or
indirectly in the completion of this project.
 Introduction

Whenever a redox reaction is allowed to

take place directly in a single beaker, it is
found that the solution becomes hot. For
example, when a zinc is placed in a copper
solution, the solution is found to warmer
as the reaction proceeds according to the
equation.

Zn (s) + CuSO4 (aq) ---> ZnSO4 (aq) +

Cu(s)
Similar results are observed when a rod
of copper is placed in silver solution. The
reaction taking place as follows:
Cu(s) + 2 AgNO3 ---> CuNO3 + 2 Ag
Thus, we conclude that whenever a
redox takes place directly in a single
beaker, chemical energy in the form of
heat is produced . By suitable means it
is possible to bring out the redox
reaction indirectly so as to convert the
chemical energy into the electrical
energy.

A device used to convert the chemical

energy into electrical energy is
called Electrochemical cell O2 Voltaic
cell after the name of Luigi Galvani
(1780) and Alessandro volta (1800)
who were the first to perform
 experiment on conversion of chemical
energy into electrical energy.

Representation of
Electrochemical Cell

An electrochemical cell is represented in a

manner as illustrated below for the denial
cell.
Zn / Zn2+ (C1) || Cu2+ (C2) / Cu

i.e. by convention, the electrode on which

oxidation takes place is written on the left
hand side and the other electrode on
which reduction takes place is written on
the right hand side. The electrode of the
left hand side is written by writing the
symbol of the metal (of the gas) first
followed by the symbol of the ion with its
concentration in brackets. The electrode
on the right hand side is written by first
writing the ion along with its concentration
in brackets followed by the symbol of the
metal (or the gas) single vertical line
represent the phase boundaries of the
electrode and the double line represents
the concentration of Zn2+ and Cu2+ ion
respectively.
 Salt Brigade and Its
Function
A salt- brigade is a U-shaped tube
containing concentrated solution of an
inert electrolyte like KCI, KNO3, K2SO4 etc.
or solidified solution of such an electrolyte
in agar-agar and gelatine. An inert
electrolyte is one whose ions do not take
part in the redox reaction and also do not
react with electrolyte used. The function
of the salt bridge is to allow the movement
of the ions from one solution to the other
without mixing of the two solutions. Thus,
whereas the electrons flow in the outer
circuit in the wire, the inner circuit is
completed by the flow of ions from one
solution to the other through the salt
bridge moreover, it helps to maintain the
electrical neutrality of the solution is the
two half cells.
Thus main function of the salt brigade
are :-
 To complete the electrical
circuit by allowing the ions to
flow form one solution to the
other without mixing of the
two solutions.
  To maintain the electrical
neutrality of the solutions in
the two half cells.
If salt bridge was not used in this, the
electrons given out by the zinc electrode
will neutralize some of the Cu2+ ions of
the solution. Thus So42- ions will not leave
and the solution will acquire a negative
charge. At the same time, Zn2+ ions
produced from zinc plate will enter into
ZnSo4 solution thus giving will stop and
hence the current stops working.
To Calculate the Standard of emf of
Any Electrochemical Cell

An electrochemical cell is based on

reaction which can be split into the two
half reaction, viz.
 Oxidation half reaction
Reduction half reaction
Standard EMF of the cell = (Standard
reduction potential of the reduction half
reaction)
-(Standard reduction potential of the
oxidation half reaction)

Some Important
Features
The zinc electrode at which oxidation takes
place is called the anode. The copper
electrode at which the reduction takes
place is called the cathode.
Since electrons are produced at the zinc
electrodes, this electrode is rich in
electrons pushes the electrons into the
external circuit and hence it is designated
as the negative pole. The other electrode
i.e., the copper electrode is in the need of
electrons for the reduction of Cu2+ ions
into the Cu i.e., this electrode is deficient in
electrons and pulse the electrons from the
external circuit, therefore it acts as the
positive pole.
The electrons flow from the negative pole
to the positive pole in the external circuit.
However, conventionally, this current is set
to flow in the opposite direction.
The oxidation of zinc into ions produces
excess of zn42+ ions in the left beaker.
Similarly, the reduction of copper ions to
copper atoms leaves the excess. So, the
ions in the solution in the right beaker. To
maintain electrical neutrality of the
solution in the two beakers, the cations
and anions move through the salt bridge.
The cells to complete the inner circuit as
already mentioned.
As copper form copper sulphate solution is
deposited on the copper electrode and
sulphate ions migrate to the other side, the
concentration of the copper sulphate
solution decreases the cell operates
consequently the current falls the passage
of time.
Evidently, the weight of the copper rod
will increase while that of zinc rod will
decrease as the cell works.
 Bibliography

 https://wikipedia.org
 Science for all