UNIVERSITY OF CAGAYAN VALLEY

SCHOOL OF CRIMINOLOGY

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Chapter 1

THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND

Introduction

Solid Waste Management has serious environmental effects

making the appearance of Republic Act 9003 or the Ecological

Solid Waste Management Act of 2000. This law declares the

policy of the state in adopting a systematic, comprehensive

and ecological solid waste management program that ensures

the protection of public health and the environment and the

proper segregation, collection, transport, storage treatment

and disposal of solid waste through the formulation and

adoption of best environmental practices.

Moreover, it illustrates the potential and benefits of

recycling not only in addressing waste management problems

but also in alleviating poverty. Waste disposal is both an

urban and rural problem, every person is a potential generator

of waste and thus a contributor of this problem. To generate

waste is one thing, the type of waste generated is another

and yet also the way the generated waste is managed or

disposed of is quite a different issue. Waste is generated

by, and from different sectors; domestic; commercial;

industry and others and in any instances; then waste

 UNIVERSITY OF CAGAYAN VALLEY
SCHOOL OF CRIMINOLOGY

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management responsibility has been left to the government or

administrative authorities.

Lasam, officially the Municipality of Lasam, is a 3rd

class municipality in the province of Cagayan, Philippines.

Lasam was once part of Gattaran separated from the mother

town by the wide Cagayan River with no bridges connecting the

communities. It has 30 barangays but as the population

increased, the residents of the western part of the town asked

that it be created a separate municipality. The rapid growth

in population and in increased economic activity has

considerably increased solid waste generation in the

municipality of Lasam.

We want to determine how barangays comply with the goals

of the solid waste management of municipality of Lasam,

Cagayan. We will focus on three barangays. So we will choose

barangay Centro 1, 2 and 3 of Lasam, Cagayan.

We want to know the practices and activities they conduct

to maintain the cleanliness of their barangay. How do they

coordinate with the legal solid waste management office? Are

the people of barangay Centro 1, 2 and 3 satisfied with the

actions their barangay officials are making, and does it

benefit them?
 UNIVERSITY OF CAGAYAN VALLEY
SCHOOL OF CRIMINOLOGY

Theoretical Framework

This study explains the important paths of managing

waste, environmental conservation and sustainable

development. Further, it shows development with growing

economy and population generates the solid waste which causes

environmental pollution and degradation. Waste separation,

recycling, and composting can be used as a method for legal

structure awareness rising, attitude change between authority

and community to mitigate this impact on the environment.

The theoretical framework of the study will be the

input-process-output/outcome model as illustrated below.

 UNIVERSITY OF CAGAYAN VALLEY
SCHOOL OF CRIMINOLOGY
Input Process
1. Proper Waste Disposal 1. Waste Segregation
Biodegradable
2. Garbage Collection
2. Ensure that waste is
3. Cleaning Maintenance collected and transported in a
Consistency safe and timely manner
4. People’s Participation in 3. Proper Waste Disposal
terms of waste disposal 3.1 Has street sweepers
3.2 Trash bins in every 50
5. Garbage Recycling meters within the barangay
territory
6. People’s Satisfaction 3.3 Each household
should have black trash
bags or trash cans
4. Conducts seminars
concerning with the
awareness of proper waste
disposal.
5. RE-USE, REDUCE,
RECYCLE
6. Conducts seminars and
activities related to solid
waste management.
Feedback
Figure 1: Paradigm of Study Showing the Relationship of the
Variables of the Study.
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Output
1. It makes the barangay
surroundings CLEAN &
GREEN.
2. It would make the
garbage disposal more
manageable and efficient.
3. It would help in
making the constituents
well-disciplined and
more responsible in
disposing their trashes
4. People of the barangay
would be more concern
and aware about waste
management planning
5. Maximize the level of
recycling
6. The people would be
contented with system of
the barangay
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SCHOOL OF CRIMINOLOGY

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Statement of the Problem

The main problem of this study is to determine what

are the plans are, procedure of selected barangay of Lasam,

Cagayan in terms of solid waste management.

Specifically, it attempts to answer the following

research question:

1. Proper waste disposal

2. Garbage collection

3. Cleaning maintenance consistency

4. People’s participation in terms of waste disposal

5. Garbage recycling

6. People’s satisfaction about the solid waste

management.

Hypothesis

The barangay Centro 1, 2, 3 have some problems in

terms of solid wastes, specifically in garbage recycling.

Therefore, if the people of the barangay Centro 1, 2, 3

would be encourage to exercise proper waste recycling, then

it will be a big help to the community in preventing

floods, numerous counts of garbage that is needed to be

dispose and it could also help in preventing global

warming.
 UNIVERSITY OF CAGAYAN VALLEY
SCHOOL OF CRIMINOLOGY

Significance of the Study

This section will provide brief description in the

various significances of the study give the problems of

barangay Centro 1, 2, 3 regarding solid waste. This study is

expected to be benefited to the following persons and

juridical entity:

Office of the Barangay Centro 1, 2, 3. This study will

serves the barangay officials, personnel’s, as their

reference or guide in creating their program concern with

Solid Waste Management.

Constituents. This study will help the constituents of

the barangay to have a deeper understanding to the programs

that their barangay officials are making. By this study, then

will come up with easier and powerful programs that would

enhance the programs that the local barangays will conduct

University of Cagayan Valley. The outcome will help the

school teachers, students, administrators to promote the

solid waste management and to provide information and

feedback for them to know if the solid waste management is

effective or been improved.

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SCHOOL OF CRIMINOLOGY

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The Researchers. Being future law enforcers, the

researchers will be benefited of the results of this study

that will serve as reference or guide in their life endeavors.

The Future Researchers. The findings of this study will

help them to enhance their research for a similar study in

making comparison with their studies being conducted.

Scope and Delimitation

This study will define in knowing how the people of the

barangay manages their wastes whether that the re-use, reduce

and recycle has been implemented. Thus, it also delimited in

identifying the plans, activities, procedures and materials

they are using in managing their waste.

Definition of Terms

In order to understand further this research by the

readers, the terms that were operationally defined.

Alleviation. To reduce the pain or trouble of something.

Collection. The act of removing solid waste or

designated solid waste from the point of generation to a

central collection or storage point

 UNIVERSITY OF CAGAYAN VALLEY
SCHOOL OF CRIMINOLOGY

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Disposal. The placement of waste in a landfill or other

repository intended for permanent containment of waste (can

include incineration).

Incineration. A method that industries used to break

down waste and distribute it into the environment through

ash, water and air.

Provision. The act or process of supplying or providing

something.

Recycling. Means the process by which recovered

resources are transformed into new products in such a manner

that the original products lose their identity, including

their use as raw materials or feed stocks in lieu of, or in

addition to, virgin materials in the manufacture of goods

sold or distributed in commerce, or the reuse of such as

substitutes for goods made from virgin materials.

Reduce. The first and most effective component of the

waste hierarchy is reducing the waste created.

Re-use. Process in which products are not categorized as

waste are used again for their initial purpose

Segregation. The separation or isolation of a race,

class or ethnic group by enforced or voluntary residence in

a restricted areas, by barriers to social intercourse, by

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SCHOOL OF CRIMINOLOGY

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separate educational facilities or, by other discriminatory

means.

Solid waste. Garbage accumulated from households,

restaurants and shopping centers.

Solid Waste Management. Refers to the supervised

handling of waste material from generation at the source

through the recovery processes to disposal.

Waste. Means material discarded by the generator as no

longer useful to the generator.
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SCHOOL OF CRIMINOLOGY

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APPROVAL SHEET

This research study entitled, “SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT

PRACTICES IN CENTRO, LASAM, CAGAYAN. A BASIS FOR

IMPROVEMENT” prepared and submitted by Bernadette B

Antonio, Rainnalyn M Dulin, Jerome B Garcia, Jaymar A

Rosete and Mark Arnedo are hereby recommended for Oral

Examination.

Accepted and approved by the Panel on Oral

Examination.