A

Seminar Report On

Maglev Train

Session2018 - 2019

A SeminarReport

Submitted to

SavitribaiPhule Pune University, Pune (M. H.)

In partial fulfillment of awarding the degree of
Bachelor of Engineering
In
Department of Electrical Engineering

Supervised by Submitted by
Prof. Pawar P.B. Mulani Majhar Mahamad
Roll no -22
Exam seat no -

Department of Electrical Engineering

S. B. Patil College of Engineering, Indapur
 S. B. Patil College of Engineering, Indapur
Department of Electrical Engineering

Session 2018 -2019

Certificate

This is to certify that the seminar entitled

Maglev Train

Submitted by

Mulani Majhar Mahamad, Roll no-(22)

is a bonafide work carried out by students under the supervision of

Prof.Pawar.P.B.and it is submitted towards the partial fulfillment of
the requirement of Bachelor of Engineering in Department of
Electrical Engineering

Prof. Pawar P.B. Prof.Deokar T.V. Prof. Karpe S.R.

Guide Coordinator HOD
Dept. of Electrical Engg. Dept. of Electrical Engg. Dept. of Electrical Engg.

Dr. P.D. Nemade

Principal
S.B.Patil College of Engineering, Indapur

Date of submission :-
 S. B. Patil College of Engineering, Indapur
Department of Electrical Engineering

Session 2018 - 2019

Recommendation

This is to certify that seminar worksentitled

“Maglev Train ”
Is successfully completed by

Mulani Majhar Mahamad, Roll no-(22)

at
Department of Electrical Engineering

Prof. Pawar P.B. Prof.Deokar T.V. Prof. Karpe S.R.

Guide Coordinator HOD
Dept. of Electrical Engg. Dept. of Electrical Engg. Dept. of Electrical Engg.
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I am greatly indebted forever to my guide Prof. Pawar P.B.and

Prof. Karpe S.R. Head of Electrical Engineering Department, S.B.Patil
College of Engineering, Indapur for his continuous encouragement,
support, ideas, most constructive suggestions, valuable advice and
confidence in me. He gave me complete freedom to pursue all my
interests and also provided so many exciting directions to explore.
Behind the freedom he gave, there is his strong belief that the best
work is done. In addition to his technical powers, what helped me a lot
was his passionate approach to research, his intrepidity in attacking
important hard problems, his enthusiasm for exploring new areas, and
his emphasis on bold imagination and creativity. His advice of
simultaneously working on a variety of problems ensured that work
never became boring. His openness to my decisions and confidence in
my abilities made me reach much higher goals than I could have
imagined. His infectious cheerfulness, attitude of dealing with
challenges, and patience with random door-knocks would dissolve the
worst of the stress. Proud to be his student, I hope to keep in touch
with his amazing mentor and friend.
I sincerely thank Dr. P.D. Nemade, Principal, S.B. Patil College of
Engineering, Indapur for their continuous encouragement and active
interest in my progress that they gave throughout the work. Finally, our
parent, our family members and friends, without whose patience,
encouragement, and support this seminar work might never have been
completed.

Name of Candidate,
Mulani Majhar Mahamad ( Roll no -22)
 ABSTRACT

Maglev concept was based on using lightweight, very high current

superconducting loops suitably positioned on a streamlined vehicle.As the

vehicle moves along a guideway containing loops of ordinary aluminium wire

at ambient temperature, the superconducting loops induce small electric

currents in the guideway loops that are directly underneath them The

magnetic interaction of the permanent currents in the superconducting

loops with the induced currents in the guideway loops automatically levitates

the vehicle.If an external force (e.g. a wind gust, curve, or change in grade)

acts on the vehicle, a magnetic force automatically and immediately

develops to oppose the external force

 TABLE OF CONTENTS

AKNOWLEDGEMENT

ABTRACT

INTRODUCTION

WORKING PRINCIPLE

HISTORY

MAGLEV TRAIN

CITIES WHERE INSTALLED

ADVANTAGES OF MAGLEV TRAIN

DISADVANTAGES OF MAGLEV TRAIN

CONCLUSION

DIAGRAM

REFERENCE
 REFERENCE
 Ieee Xplore

 Shwethasingh , Aradhanasingh. “Magnetic Levitation Methods

and Modeling in Maglev Trains”, 2014

 http://amasci.com/maglev/train.html

 http://www.monorails.org/tMspages/TPMagIntro.html

 http://www.maglev2000.com/works/how-02-b.html
 Diagram
 Introduction

Maglev systems are becoming a popular application around the globe.

Maglev trains are popular in transportation stations in big countries like

Germany, China, Japan and the United States of America due to the

demand for high-speed transportation, as the general public

transportation services become more congested with increase of

population. Maglev trains are magnetically levitated trains that traverse

in a very high speed, with only electricity being its main source of

energy. The train propels forward without any friction from moving

mechanical parts. It has many advantages with minordrawbacks.

The basis of maglev trains mechanisms are magnetic levitation. This is

achieved with the principal of repulsion and attraction between two

magnetic poles. When two magnets have the same poles, it will repel

with each other and when it has different poles,the result would be

otherwise.There are currently three known maglev suspension

systems. In this project report, we will be covering the basic principals

of Electrodynamic Suspension Systems (EDS), Electromagnetic

Suspension Systems (EMS) and Inductrack. The three suspension

systems each have different characteristics and special features.

While EDS and EMS both use only the interaction of magnets and

superconductors, Inductrack uses coils on the track underneath the

train body. All three suspension systems work under the same

principal of magnetic levitation covered in this project report.The

maglev propulsion systems uses the interaction of stators.

 Working principle

Maglev is short for Magnetic Levitation in which trains float on a

guideway using the principle of magnetic repulsion. Each

magnet has two poles. Now if you play with two magnets, you'll

realize that opposite poles attract, whereas similar poles repel.

This repulsive property of magnets is used in Maglev trains.

However,instead of using permanent magnets, the principle of

electromagnetism is used to create strong and large temporary

magnets. When an electric current is passed through a coil of

wire, magnetic field is generated around the coil according to

Faraday's laws. Magnetized coils run along the track caleed a

guideway. These repel the large magnets on the train's

undercarriage, allowing the train to levitate between 0.39 and

3.93 inches (1 to 10 cm) above the guideway. Once the train is

levitated, power is supplied to the coils within the

guideway walls to create a unique system of magnetic fields

that pull and push the train along the guideway. The electric

current supplied to the coils in the guideway walls is

constantly alternating to change the polarity of the magnetized

coils. This change in polarity causes the magnetic field in front

of the train to pull the vehicle forward, while the magnetic field

behind the train adds more forward thrust.Maglev trains float

on a cushion of air, eliminating friction. This lack of friction and

the trains' aerodynamic designs allow these trains to reach

unprecedented ground transportation speeds of more than 310

mph (500 kph).

Cities where installed
Germany
Munich: A Transrapid connection linking the city centre of the Bavarian
capital Munich to the airport (37 km) was planned. It promised to reduce the
connection time from about 40 minutes by the existing S-Bahn (German city
railway system) to 10 minutes. On September 25, 2007, Bavaria announced it
would build Europe's first commercial track. The Bavariangovernment signed
a contract with Deutsche
Bahn and Transrapid with Siemens and ThyssenKrupp for the 1.85 billion-
euro ($2.6 billion) project.[2] However, the project was strongly opposed
by Christian Ude, the mayor of Munich. On 27 March 2008 the German
government scrapped the project because of a massive cost overrun.
Berlin – Hamburg: A 292 km Transrapid line linking Berlin to Hamburg. It was
cancelled due to lack of funds, and the existing conventional railway line was
upgraded for 230 km/h operation by ICE trainsets instead.
Switzerland
SwissRapide AG in co-operation with the SwissRapide Consortium are
developing and promoting an above-ground maglev monorail system, based
on the Transrapid technology. The first projects planned are the lines Berne –
Zurich, Lausanne – Geneva as well as Zurich – Winterthur Swissmetro: An
earlier project, Swissmetro, has previously had the vision of constructing an
underground maglev rail system. As with SwissRapide, Swissmetro
envisioned connecting the major cities in Switzerland with one another. In
2011, Swissmetro AG was dissolved and the intellectual property rights from
the organisation were passed onto the EPFL in Lausanne.
Spain
A two-line, 120-kilometers (75-mile)-long system has been proposed for the
island of Tenerife. It would connect the island capital Santa Cruz in the north
with Costa Adeje in the south and Los Realejos in the northwest with a
maximum speed of 270 kph (169 mph) at an estimated cost of €3 billion.
United Kingdom
London – Glasgow: A 500 km/h (310 mph) maglev line was proposed in
the United Kingdom from London to Glasgow
via Birmingham, Manchester, Leeds, Newcastle and Edinburgh with spurs
to Heathrow Airport and Liverpool. It was rejected by the Government in 2007
and the company behind it ceased promotion of the scheme in early 2013
Glasgow – Edinburgh: A separate maglev link is also being planned
between Glasgow Airport and Glasgow to Edinburgh
Airport and Edinburgh which would cut journey time between the two cities
from one hour to 15 minutes. Work was set to begin as early as January
2008. However, there has been no settlement on the technology for this
concept yet, i.e. maglev/hi speed electric, etc
Liverpool – Hull: A proposed underground 350 km/h (220 mph) maglev
network, proposed by Transport for the North, would link
up Liverpool, Manchester, Leeds and Hull in the North of England.
Asia
China
Shanghai – Hangzhou: China had planned to extend the world’s first
commercial Transrapid line between Pudong airport and the city of Shanghai
initially by some 35 kilometers to Hong Qiao airport before the World Expo
2010 and then, in an additional phase, by 200 kilometers to the city of
Hangzhou (Shanghai-Hangzhou Maglev Train), which would have been the
first inter-city maglev rail line in commercial service in the world. The line
would have been an extension of the Shanghai airport maglev line.
Talks with Germany and Transrapid Konsortium about the details of the
construction contracts took place. While the Chinese Minister of
Transportation was quoted by several Chinese and Western newspapers in
2006 as saying the line was approved, a February 27, 2009 People's Daily
Online article indicates that the Shanghai municipal government is
considering building the line underground to allay the public's fear of
electromagnetic pollution, and that any final decision has to be approved by
the National Development and Reform Commission. There are no current
plans to extend the line.
India
bengalore (Pimple Saudagar) – [delhi]): The Indian Ministry was in the
process of reviewing a proposal to start a maglev train system in India.[14] It
had been estimated that the cost to complete this process would be over $30
billion. The company who sent the proposals is based in the United States.
There had been feelers sent to Lalu Prasad, Railway Minister, in which the
advantages of a maglev train system were presented. If completed, the train
travel time between the two cities would have been reduced to half an hour,
compared to the original two hours. However, the plan was dropped in favor
of Garib Rath (poor people's cart) that promises transport at a very low cost.
But now Mumbai is planning to have its first maglev connecting to [bengluru]],
which will take 30 minutes along the 200 km stretch . This is planned
near Hinjawadi in an area called Pimple Saudagar. bengluruand Mumbai has
a freeway(also called as expressway) where approximately 14000 vehicles
travel daily, making fuel consumption at .2 million liters a day . The business
proposal is to reduce the fuel consumption and promote maglev by income
from Carbon Credit Sales.
Mumbai – Delhi
A maglev line project was presented to the then Indian railway minister
(Mamata Banerjee) by an American company. A line was proposed to serve
between the cities of Mumbai and Delhi, the Prime Minister Manmohan
Singh said that if the line project is successful the Indian government would
build lines between other cities and also between Mumbai
Centraland Chhatrapati Shivaji International Airport.
Mumbai – Nagpur
The State of Maharashtra has also approved a feasibility study for a maglev
train between Mumbai (the commercial capital of India as well as the State
government capital) and Nagpur (the second State capital) about 1,000 km
(620 mi) away. It plans to connect the regions of Mumbai and Pune with
Nagpur via less developed hinterland
(via Ahmednagar, Beed, Latur, Nanded and Yavatmal).
Chennai – Bangalore – Mysore
Per Large and Medium Scale Industries Minister of Karnataka Mr. Murugesh
Nirani, a detailed report will be prepared and submitted by December 2012
and the project is expected to cost $26 million per kilometer of railway track.
The speed of maglev will be 350 km/h and the Bangalore to Mysore portion
would take as little as 30 minutes.
Kochi Metro
Union Minister of State for Consumer Affairs, Food and Public Distribution K.
V. Thomas proposed that Kochi Metro can adopt same technology as present
in South Korea.
Japan
Tokyo – Osaka: On May 27, 2011, the Transport Minister of Japan approved
the Chūō Shinkansen maglev line, connecting Tokyo to Osaka and expanding
off of the existing test track in Yamanashi prefecture. Construction is
expected to begin in 2014 with the first segment from Tokyo to Nagoya to be
completed by 2027. The second segment from Nagoya to Osaka is expected
to be completed by 2045. The 550 km-line will have a top operating speed of
600 km/h and a travel time between Tokyo and Osaka of just 67 minutes.
Malaysia
Johor: Malaysia has decided to use maglev technology to link important
landmarks across the city. This will be a boost to business to compete
against the neighbouring city, Singapore. The system will be a monorail type
maglev, developed in China.
Hong Kong
Kowloon – Border with China: The Express Rail Link, previously known as the
Regional Express, which will connect Kowloon with the territory's border with
China, explored different technologies and designs in its planning stage,
between maglev and conventional highspeed railway, and if the latter was
chosen, between a dedicated new route and sharing the tracks with the
existing West Rail. Finally conventional highspeed with dedicated new route
was chosen. It is expected to be operational in September 2018.

North America
Puerto Rico
San Juan – Caguas: A 16.7-mile (26.9 km) maglev project has been proposed
linking Tren Urbano's Cupey Station in San Juan with two proposed stations
to be built in the city of Caguas, south of San Juan. The maglev line would run
along Highway PR-52 connecting both cities. According to American Maglev
Technology (AMT), who is the company in charge of the construction of this
train, the cost of this project is approximately US$380 million.
United States
Keystone Corridor: According to Transrapid, Inc., Pittsburgh has the most
advanced maglev initiative in the U.S., followed by the Las Vegas project.
Once federal funding is finalized, these two markets could be the first to see
maglev in the United States. Initially, the project calls for a transrapid system
throughout the metro Pittsburgh area Further planning calls for extensions
eastward to Harrisburg and Philadelphia. Upon completion, a commute
from Pittsburgh to Philadelphia would be reduced to 90–120 minutes. A
commuter traversing the Pennsylvania Turnpike would currently spend
approximately 5hrs if traveling at the speed limit.

California-Nevada Interstate Maglev High-speed maglev lines between major

cities of southern California and Las Vegas are also being studied via the
California-Nevada Interstate Maglev Project. This plan was originally
supposed to be part of an I-5 or I-15 expansion plan, but the federal
government has ruled it must be separated from interstate public work
projects.
 Advantages of maglev train
 he foremost advantage of maglev trains is the fact that it doesn't have moving
parts as conventional trains do, and therefore, the wear and tear of parts is
minimal, and that reduces the maintenance cost by a significant extent.
 More importantly, there is no physical contact between the train and track, so
there is no rolling resistance. While electromagnetic drag and air friction do
exist, that doesn't hinder their ability to clock a speed in excess of 200 mph.
 Absence of wheels also comes as a boon, as you don't have to deal with
deafening noise that is likely to come with them.
 Maglevs also boast of being environment friendly, as they don't resort to
internal combustion engines.
 These trains are weather proof, which means rain, snow, or severe cold don't
really hamper their performance.
 Experts are of the opinion that these trains are a lot safe than their
conventional counterparts as they are equipped with state-of-the-art safety
systems, which can keep things in control even when the train is cruising at a
high speed.

Disadvantages of maglev train

While the advantages of Maglev Train System may seem quite promising in
themselves, they are not enough to overshadow the biggest problem with the
maglev trains: the high cost incurred on the initial setup. While the fast
conventional trains that have been introduced of late, work fine on tracks
which were meant for slow trains, maglev trains require an all new set up
right from the scratch. As the present railway infrastructure is of no use for
maglevs, it will either have to be replaced with the Maglev System or an
entirely new set up will have to be created―both of which will cost a decent
amount in terms of initial investment. Even though inexpensive as compared
to EDS, it is still expensive compared to other modes.
If the advantages and disadvantages of these trains are pitted against each
other, it can be a bit difficult to come to a concrete conclusion. While the high
cost of initial set up is something that a developed nation like the United
States won't have to worry about, the fact that the entire infrastructure has to
be replaced with a new one will be something that will have the experts in a
catch-22 situation. But obviously, we will have to do away with their
disadvantages if we are to invest in maglev trains. If the commercial success
of the Shanghai maglev train is to be taken into consideration, these trains
can be surely considered the transport system of the future.
  History

The maglev technology is a newest concept where the train runs on a

magnetic field. The basic principles of this technology were known before the
First World War and a working model was built by M. Emil Bachelet and was
displayed in London just before the war began.

In 1824 Gambey discovered that a swinging magnetic needle came to

standstill much faster in a metal box. Later Arago discovered that good
conductors of electricity were more effective. Finally Faraday discovered
that the magnetic field induces electric current in the metal which in turn
generates a magnetic field of its own. The repulsion of like poles of the
magnet causes a repulsive effect between the magnet and the metal
conductor.

The magnetic field has to be alternating at a very high frequency in order to

produce a consistent repulsive effect required to lift a train. M. Bachelet
developed a maglev train, using a U shaped track above with a car below in
which stabilizing brushes of shoes were used to run and keep the car aligned
with magnets placed under the lower rail. The magnets on the track are
switched on when the train passes and a high frequency oscillating current
delivers the required magnetic field to lift the train. A series of ring magnets
were set up along the track with the line passing through the centre of each
to run the train. The train moved forward as the magnetic rings would
energize when the train entered each ring, just like a solenoid.

The model was successful but with a few technical problems such as the high
cost of copper coils for tracks, the cost and difficulty to provide power to the
track, the problems faced in maintaining a reliable magnetic field and the
inefficiency of the solenoid drive.

With the technological development and the bright future of super conducting
magnets and the linear motors the interest in maglev has come back. Super
conducting magnets provide a much more powerful magnetic field for much
less electrical power, making the maglev a bit economical. The linear motor
is a simple concept with a regular electric motor comprising of a fixed ring of
magnets (stator) with a central revolving set of magnets (rotor). The term
linear motor is derived from the operation of the linear motor by laying the
stator out as a long strip and putting the rotor magnets on the bottom of the
vehicle to get linear operation.

The linear motor concept can be combined with oscillating magnetic field to
provide both traction and lift. This idea was developed by Professor Eric
Laithwaite (1921-1997). In 1956 he got the idea of a “linear motor to drive the
shuttle on a weaving loom” patented. Later he made the world’s first maglev
train popularly known as the ‘Tracked Hovercraft’ with some funding from the
government. It was called Tracked Hovercraft because the initial prototype
used the blown-air hovercraft principle to lift it on the track.
ADVANTAGES :

1) The foremost advantage of maglev trains is the fact that it doesn't have
moving parts as conventional trains do, and therefore, the wear and tear of
parts is minimal, and that reduces the maintenance cost by a significant
extent.

2) More importantly, there is no physical contact between the train and track,
so there is no rolling resistance. While electromagnetic drag and air friction
do exist, that doesn't hinder their ability to clock a speed in excess of 200
mph.

3) Absence of wheels also comes as a boon, as you don't have to deal with
deafening noise that is likely to come with them.

4) Maglevs also boast of being environment friendly, as they don't resort to

internal combustion engines.

5)These trains are weather proof, which means rain, snow, or severe cold
don't really hamper their performance.

6)Maglev systems are energy efficient. For long distance travel they use
about half the energy per passenger as a typical commercial aircraft.

7) Experts are of the opinion that these trains are a lot safe than their
conventional counterparts as they are equipped with state-of-the-art safety
systems, which can keep things in control even when the train is cruising at a
high speed.
Read more at Buzzle: http://www.buzzle.com/articles/a...

DISADVANTAGES :

1)Cost

While the advantages of Maglev Train System may seem quite promising in
themselves, they are not enough to overshadow the biggest problem with the
maglev trains: the high cost incurred on the initial setup. While the fast
conventional trains that have been introduced of late, work fine on tracks
which were meant for slow trains, maglev trains require an all new set up
right from the scratch. As the present railway infrastructure is of no use for
maglevs, it will either have to be replaced with the Maglev System or an
entirely new set up will have to be created―both of which will cost a decent
amount in terms of initial investment. Even though inexpensive as compared
to EDS, it is still expensive compared to other modes.

2)Impact

Although the tracks could be elevated, there would still be the addition of
guideways crossing great amounts of land.

3)Energy Consumption
Larger train cars are tougher to levitate and require quite a bit more energy,
making them less efficient.
4)Safety
While the MagLev can be safer overall, any infrequent accidents that do
occur are likely to be more catastrophic due to the elevated guideways and
incredible speeds..
Maglev train
Maglev trains are a very fast type of High-speed rail. Magnetic levitation is
a technology that uses magnetic fields to make the train move. These fields lift the train a
small distance above the tracks and move the train. They are much faster than regular
trains. A maglev trip from Toronto to Vancouver might take 3 hours. This trip takes three
days on a regular train. Some day, people may be able to travel faster across land on a
maglev train than they would in an airliner. The highest known speed of a maglev train is
600 km/h (370 mph).[1] This was done in Japan in 2015.
A maglev train does not have an engine. The trains are powered by a magnetic field
created by the electrified coils in the guideway walls and the track. There are three parts
to this system:

1. a large electrical power source

2. metal coils lining a guideway (track)
3. large guidance magnets attached to the under side of the train.

Inside of maglev in Shanghai

With magnets, opposite poles attract and like poles repel each other. This is the basic
principle behind electromagnetic propulsion. Electromagnets are similar to other
magnets in that they attract metal objects, but the magnetic pull is temporary. A small
electromagnet can be made by connecting the ends of a copper wire to the positive and
negative ends of an AA, C or D-cell battery. This creates a small magnetic field. If the
wire is disconnected from either end of the battery, the magnetic field is taken away.
The magnetized coil running along the track, called a guideway, repels the large
magnets on the train's undercarriage. This allows the train to lift between 0.39 and 3.93
inches (1 to 10 centimeters) above the guideway. Once the train is lifted, power is
supplied to the coils within the guideway walls. This creates a unique system of
magnetic fields that pull and push the train along the guideway. The electric current
supplied to the coils in the guideway walls is constantly alternating to change the
polarity of the magnetized coils. This change in polarity causes the magnetic field in
front of the train to pull the vehicle forward, while the magnetic field behind the train
adds more forward thrust.
Maglev trains float on a cushion of air, which removes friction. The trains have
an aerodynamic design. This allows them to reach speeds of more than 310 mph (500
kph), or twice as fast as Amtrak's fastest commuter train. In comparison, a Boeing-
777 commercial airplane used for long-range flights can reach a top speed of about 562
mph (905 kph).
Germany and Japan are both developing maglev trains, and both are currently
testing prototypes. The German company, "Transrapid International", also has a train in
commercial use. Although based on similar ideas, the German and Japanese trains have
distinct differences. German engineers have developed an "electromagnetic
suspension" (EMS) system, called "Transrapid". In this system, the bottom of the train
wraps around a steel guideway. .

r the train are directed up toward the guideway, which lifts the train about 1/3 of an inch
(1 centimeter) above the guideway. This lifts the train even when it's not moving. Other
guidance magnets in the train's body keep it stable during travel. The Transrapid maglev
train can reach 300 mph with passengers.

Maglev tracks, Shanghai